JPH10169374A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To replace a worn main cutter with a spare cutter easily by installing a sliding-body driving means driving a sliding body so that a spoke and either one cutter of cutters mounted on the sliding body are slid to the place of usage or the place of a retreat. SOLUTION: A preceding cutter bit 3 is set up at the central section of a spoke 2 in the radial direction, and a large number of spoke-section cutters 4 are installed to both side sections. A shell frame 7 with shell-frame section cutters 6 is arranged on the facing side so that the spoke 2 is held from both sides on the outside of the spoke 2, and a plurality of hydraulic type sliding cylinders 11 are disposed between the shell frame 7 and the spoke 2. When the cutters 6 as main cutters are damaged and worn by long-distance excavation, etc., and excavation capacity is lowered, the sliding cylinders 11 are extended and the frame 7 is slid backwards to the spoke 2, the cutters 4 as spare cutters are brought to a projected state to the cutters 6, and excavation is conducted continuously by the cutters 4.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator, and more particularly to a technique for replacing a main cutter for excavating earth and sand provided on a front surface of a cutter head with a spare cutter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating a long-distance tunnel using a tunnel excavator, a cutter (main cutter) for excavating earth and sand is worn or damaged. Is to be replaced. Conventionally, the following system has been proposed as a spare cutter system for enabling such cutter exchange.

A spare cutter operated by a hydraulic cylinder via a link mechanism is stored on the back side of the face plate of the cutter head, and when the main cutter is worn, the spare cutter is projected to the face side. (For example, JP-A-6-63697). A spare cutter is arranged in a spoke or a face plate of a cutter head, and when the main cutter is worn, the spare cutter is protruded toward a face by a hydraulic cylinder (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-139291). . Cutters are installed on the front and rear surfaces of a cutter head, and when the front cutter is worn, the spokes are rotated to replace the rear cutter with the front cutter (for example, JP-A-7-224595). .

[0004] In addition, in contrast to the above-described system using a spare cutter, as shown in FIG.
When the excavation performance of the steel is reduced and the excavating ability is reduced, a method of raising the cutter 51 by a required amount by using a lifting jack 53 built in the cutter arm 52 (referred to as a “bit rise method”) is also available. Proposed. In this method, the carbide tips are provided in multiple stages on the cutter 51 in accordance with the number of times of lifting, so that the worn carbide tips on the upper part fall off when worn, and the carbide tips on the lower part are used. Have been.

[0005]

However, in the case of the above-mentioned system, since a large space is required as a mounting space for a link mechanism or the like on the rear side of the face plate, an open spoke type of earth pressure type shield that does not use a face plate is required. There is a problem that it cannot be applied to the cutter head.
Further, in the case of the above-mentioned method, a guide is required for each of the plurality of spare cutters, which complicates the structure, and it is necessary to store these guides, spare cutters, hydraulic cylinders and the like in the spokes or the face plate. Therefore, there is a problem that the spoke thickness or the face plate thickness becomes excessively large, and the flow of earth and sand in the cutter chamber is hindered.
Furthermore, in the case of the above-mentioned method, the rotation of the spokes is performed by the bevel gear mechanism in the center shaft and the rotation support shaft mechanism in the spokes, but the mechanism for this rotation is complicated, and sediment is caught. However, there is a problem that it is easy to operate, and an operation failure easily occurs due to bending of the spokes.

[0006] In the bit rise method,
Since the worn cutter may not be able to be dropped off in an appropriate state, there is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the same excavation performance as before the wear even after the wear of the cutter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and has a compact structure without complicating the structure. When the main cutter is worn, it can be easily replaced with a spare cutter. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavator having a cutter exchanging function suitable for an earth pressure type shield machine.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a tunnel excavator according to the present invention is provided with a cutter head provided at a front portion thereof, and a spoke having a cutter for excavating earth and sand on the cutter head. In the tunnel excavator provided with, a sliding body slidable back and forth adjacent to the spoke is provided, a cutter for excavating earth and sand is provided on the sliding body, and a cutter provided on the spoke and the sliding body are provided. And a sliding member driving means for driving the sliding member so as to slide one of the cutters provided in (1) to a use position or a retracted position.

In the present invention, at the start of excavation of the tunnel excavator, excavation of earth and sand is performed by using either a spoke or a slide as a main cutter and projecting the main cutter to a front (face side) use position. After the main cutter is worn, the sliding body is slid by the sliding body driving means so that either the sliding body or the spoke is used as a spare cutter and the spare cutter is moved to a front (face side) use position. Excavation of earth and sand is performed by relatively sliding. According to the present invention, since the cutter exchanging device is configured to surround the spokes, the main cutter and the spare cutter can be exchanged even in a spoke type cutter head having no face plate. Further, not only is a complicated rotating mechanism for rotating the spokes unnecessary, but also no malfunction occurs due to bending of the spokes. In this way, even if the main cutter is worn out, excavation can be continued with the spare cutter, and long-distance excavation can be performed, so that the construction period can be shortened and the safety of the operator can be achieved. In addition, even with an earth pressure type shield machine, a spare cutter can be added with a very simple and inexpensive structure.

In the present invention, the sliding body is an outer shell frame provided so as to cover the outside of the spoke, and the sliding body driving means includes a slide having a lock mechanism for fixing the sliding body at the use position. Preferably it is a cylinder. By employing such a configuration, the excavating force applied to the cutter at the use position can be reliably supported. Also, locking the slide cylinder locks all the cutters attached to the outer shell frame, making it possible to mount a spare cutter with a compact structure and opening the front of the outer shell frame. For example, after the main cutter wears out,
If the outer frame and the spokes are slid relatively far apart and locked when using the spare cutter, there is no danger of earth and sand being pressed tightly between the outer frame and the spokes, and there is no danger of clogging. The smooth sliding operation of the shell frame becomes possible.

In the present invention, it is preferable to further provide a guide rod for guiding the sliding body when the sliding body slides. By doing so, the sliding of the sliding body can be performed smoothly and without any trouble, and the replacement operation of the cutter can be easily performed. Here, it is preferable that the guide rod is a stirring blade provided on the back side of the spoke for stirring earth and sand taken into the cutter head. As described above, by employing a structure in which the stirring blades conventionally installed in the tunnel excavator are also used as the guide rods of the sliding body, the guide rods take in the sediment or sediment as compared with those in which the guide rods are separately provided on the spokes. A structure which does not hinder the discharge and does not obstruct the flow of earth and sand, which is almost the same as the conventional one having no cutter changing device, can be obtained. In addition, it is preferable that the slide cylinder has a structure in which the slide cylinder is internally provided, for example, so that the slide cylinder can be prevented from obstructing the flow of earth and sand.

[0012]

Next, a specific embodiment of a tunnel excavator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a partial front view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow Z in FIG. 1, and (a) is an outer shell frame. (B) shows a state excavating with a spoke part cutter, and (b) shows a state excavating with a spoke part cutter. 3A is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3B is a sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

In the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, a cutter head 1 is rotatably mounted on a front portion of a cylindrical shield body by a cutter head driving motor (not shown). This cutter head 1 has spokes 2 on the front.
The spoke 2 is provided with a large number of preceding cutter bits 3 for earth and sand excavation in a central portion along a radial direction, and a large number of tool bits (spoke portion cutters) 4 on both sides. ing.

A plurality of (two in this embodiment, two for each spoke) agitating blades 5 which stir the earth and sand taken in by the rotation of the cutter head 1 are fixed to the back side of the spokes 2. ing. An outer shell frame 7 having a tool bit (outer shell frame portion cutter) 6 on the face side is arranged outside the spoke 2 so as to sandwich the spoke 2 from both sides. In this outer shell frame 7,
A sleeve portion 8 is integrally formed at a portion corresponding to the stirring blade 5, and the sleeve portion 8 is fitted to the stirring blade 5 via a bush 9, whereby the outer shell frame 7 is moved in the front-rear direction with respect to the spoke 2. Is to be slid. A seal 10 for preventing earth and sand from entering the sliding portion is inserted around the outer periphery of the rear end of the sleeve portion 8. In this way, by adopting a structure in which the bush 9 and the seal 10 are provided, it is possible to perform smooth cutter replacement without clogging with earth and sand.

In order to slide the outer shell frame 7 back and forth with respect to the spokes 2, there are a plurality (two in each embodiment, two spokes) between the outer shell frame 7 and the spokes 2. Hydraulic slide cylinder (replacement jack) 1
1 is arranged. This slide cylinder 11 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, a base end portion is pivotally supported by a mounting seat 12 provided on a front plate of the spoke 2, and a through hole 13 formed in a rear plate of the spoke 2 and an outer shell frame 7 are provided. The rod end portion is pivotally supported by a support bracket 15 projecting from the outer shell frame 7 through the through hole 14 formed in the outer shell frame 7. By operating the slide cylinder 11 in the extension direction in this way, the outer shell frame 7 is moved rearward with respect to the spoke 2 (the direction of the arrow P in FIGS. 3B and 4).
It can slide to At the contracted position and the extended position of the slide cylinder 11, the outer frame 7 is fixed at a predetermined position by locking the hydraulic pressure supplied to the slide cylinder 11. Therefore, when excavation is being performed by the outer shell frame portion cutter 6, the excavation reaction force is received by the spokes 2.

Next, the operation of replacing the main cutter with the spare cutter in the tunnel excavator of this embodiment will be described.

In this embodiment, the outer frame frame cutter 6 is used as a main cutter, and as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 3 (a), the outer frame frame cutter 6 is connected to the spoke portion cutter 4. The excavation of the face is performed while rotating the cutter head 1 in a state where the face protrudes further to the face side. If the outer frame cutter 6 is damaged or worn due to long-distance excavation or the like and the excavating ability is reduced, the slide cylinder 11
And the outer shell frame 7 is slid rearward with respect to the spokes 2 (see FIGS. 2B, 3B and 4), whereby the spoke portion cutter 4 (spare cutter) is moved to the outer shell. The frame is made to protrude forward relative to the frame cutter 6. Thus, the excavation can be continuously performed by the spoke cutter 4.

In the above embodiment, the outer frame 7 (movable portion) is provided on the outer periphery of the spoke 2 (fixed portion), and the cutter provided on the spoke 2 is relatively moved forward by retracting the outer frame 7. However, as a modification of the first embodiment, the fixed spokes have an outer shell frame structure, a sliding member is provided inside the spokes, and a leading cutter bit is provided on the sliding member. You can also In this case, excavation is performed using the spoke portion cutter as a main cutter, and when the main cutter is worn, the sliding portion is slid forward to slide a sliding portion cutter (spare cutter) attached to the sliding portion. Is preferably used.

(Second Embodiment) In the first embodiment, the slide cylinder 11 is mounted at a position different from the installation position of the stirring blade 5, but in the second embodiment, FIGS. 6
As shown in FIG.
It is configured so as to be disposed in the internal space of the stirring blade 5 which serves as a guide rod of the outer shell frame 7.

In this embodiment, the base end of the slide cylinder 11 is pivotally supported on the outer frame 7 via a mounting bracket 16, and the rod end of the slide cylinder 11 is mounted on the inner wall surface of the stirring blade 5. It is pivotally supported via a bracket 17. Notches 18 are formed on both side plates of the spoke 2 so that the mounting bracket 16 does not interfere when the outer frame 7 is slid. With such a configuration, when the slide cylinder 11 in the extended state is contracted, the outer shell frame 7 is moved.
Slides backward with respect to the spoke 2.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 7 is a partial front view of a tunnel excavator according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 (a) is a sectional view of a spoke shown in an excavated state by an outer frame cutter. 8 (b) is a sectional view of the spoke shown in a state excavated by the spoke part cutter, and FIG. 9 is another sectional view of the spoke shown in an excavated state by the spoke part cutter.

In the cutter head 21 of this embodiment,
In addition to the structure of the first embodiment, a push-up mechanism that also serves as the slide cylinder 11 is mounted to push up the leading cutter bit 3 arranged at the center of the spoke 2. The other parts are basically the same as those in the first embodiment, so that the same reference numerals are given to the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, a support seat 22 is attached to the base end of the slide cylinder 11, and the leading cutter bit 3 is mounted on the opposite side of the support seat 22.
Is attached. A guide piece 23 having a stepped groove for guiding the sliding operation of the slide cylinder 11 and the support seat 22 in the front-rear direction is provided in the inner space of the spoke 2.

In such a configuration, when the cutter is replaced, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the outer frame frame cutter 6 is made to protrude more toward the face than the spoke cutter 4, and then, as shown in FIG. As shown in b), by extending the slide cylinder 11 and sliding the outer shell frame 7 backward with respect to the spokes 2, the spoke portion cutter 4 is formed.
Is projected forward relative to the outer shell frame cutter 6. From this state, the slide cylinder 11
Is further extended, as shown in FIG. 9, the support seat 22 and the slide cylinder 11 themselves slide forward within the stepped groove for guiding the support seat 22, whereby the support seat 22 Leading cutter bit 3 fixed to
Is pushed up in the direction of arrow Q.

In each of the above embodiments, the spoke 2 has a trapezoidal cross section. However, the spoke 2 may be of various other shapes such as a rectangular cross section, a circular cross section, or the like. Yes, the present invention can be applied to spokes of any of these shapes. Also, the cross-sectional shape of the outer shell frame can be any shape, but if the outer shell frame has a structure in which the front side is open as in each of the above embodiments, the outer shell It is possible to prevent the earth and sand from being clogged between the frame and the spoke, and to smoothly slide the outer shell frame.

In each of the embodiments described above, the guide rod of the outer shell frame 7 is also used as the stirring rod. However, other than the stirring blade, for example, an intermediate support beam or a center shaft may be used as the guide rod. It is possible. Of course, a dedicated guide rod may be provided separately from the stirring blade or the like. However, in consideration of downsizing of the apparatus and smoothing of sediment flow, it is preferable to adopt the above-mentioned dual-purpose structure.

In the above embodiments, the position of the outer shell frame or the sliding portion is fixed by the hydraulic lock of the slide cylinder. However, a mechanical lock mechanism different from the slide cylinder may be provided. Further, instead of the slide cylinder, an embodiment in which the outer frame or the like is slid using the spring force of a compression spring is also possible. In this case, it is necessary to provide a lock mechanism for fixing the position of the outer frame and the like against the spring force of the compression spring and a lock mechanism for fixing the position of the outer frame and the like when the compression spring is extended. Become.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial front view of a tunnel excavator according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a view as seen in the direction of the arrow Z in FIG. 1, and FIG.
Shows the state of excavation with the outer shell frame cutter, (b)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state where the spoke is being cut by a cutter.

3A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2B.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2 (b).

FIG. 5 is a side view of a spoke according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 5, showing the outer frame retracted.

FIG. 7 is a partial front view of a tunnel excavator according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 8A is a sectional view of a spoke shown in a state of being excavated by a shell frame part cutter, and FIG. 8B is a sectional view of a spoke shown in a state of being excavated by a spoke part cutter.

FIG. 9 is another sectional view of the spoke shown in an excavated state by the spoke cutter.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a conventional bit rise method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 21 cutter head 2 spoke 3 leading cutter bit 4 spoke section cutter 5 stirring blade 6 outer shell frame section cutter 7 outer shell frame (sliding body) 11 slide cylinder (sliding body driving means)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A tunnel excavator provided with a cutter head at a front portion and a spoke having a cutter for earth and sand digging at the cutter head, wherein a sliding body slidable back and forth is provided adjacent to the spoke. At the same time, a cutter for earth and sand excavation is provided on this sliding body,
And a sliding body driving means for driving the sliding body so that one of the cutter provided on the spoke and the cutter provided on the sliding body is slid to a use position or a retracted position. And tunnel excavator. 2. The slide body is an outer shell frame provided so as to cover the outside of the spoke, and the slide body driving means is a slide cylinder having a lock mechanism for fixing the slide body to the use position. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a guide rod for guiding the sliding body when the sliding body slides. 4. The tunnel excavator according to claim 3, wherein the guide rod is a stirring blade provided on a back surface side of the spoke and agitating earth and sand taken into the cutter head.