JPH10164826A - Power supply means, drive circuit for capacitive load, drive circuit for controllable switching means and power supply means - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to efficiently reduce input voltage, and to simultaneously increase and output input current or to increase the range of choice of voltage reduction rate and current increase rate, or to alternately output positive voltage and reverse voltage, for example. SOLUTION: For example, a closed circuit 3 is formed of a first series circuit comprising a DC power supply 1 and a make contact 2; three diodes 3 aligned in the forward direction relative to its output voltage; and two capacitors 4 connected between the three diodes 3, respectively. Two sets of series circuits where the capacitors 4 are sandwiched between two break contacts 5, respectively, and series-connected, are parallel-connected with the first series circuit in such a manner that the directions of all the diodes 3 are the same to form an electromagnetic relay that electromagnetically drives the make contact 2 and all the break contacts 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010]

The first invention relates to a DC voltage output means (for example, a series circuit of a DC power supply means and an on / off switching means, a combination of a flashable light emitting means and a photovoltaic means, a light source and the passage of light therethrough. And the combination of the passage / shield control means and the photovoltaic means for controlling the shield and the combination of the pressure applying / removing means and the piezoelectric means capable of applying and removing the pressure. Then, the DC voltage is output as it is, or the voltage is equal to or less than the absolute value of the voltage (eg, a half
1 to several tens of minutes to 1 / several hundredths. The present invention relates to a power supply means capable of outputting or outputting the reverse polarity voltage. If the voltage is stepped down in this manner, the current that can be supplied as in the case of a step-down transformer can be increased, and therefore, it can be used instead of the step-down transformer. This helps in matching the power supply and load with respect to supply voltage and supply current. Also, a drive circuit for a capacitive load, a drive circuit for a controllable switching means, and the like can be easily configured using the power supply means. In the case of the drive circuit of the controllable switching means, for example, a forward bias voltage or a forward bias current is supplied to the controllable switching means using only one DC power supply means (eg, DC power supply), or a reverse bias voltage or Or provide a reverse bias current. Further, by using the drive circuit of the controllable switching means, it is possible to configure various insulating switching circuits that can be insulated under conditions or various insulating switching circuits that can be insulated without any conditions.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the absolute value of the DC voltage output from the DC voltage output means is equal to or less than the absolute value (for example,
1-hundredths. The present invention relates to a power supply means capable of supplying a voltage having the opposite polarity. If the voltage is stepped down in such a manner, the current that can be supplied can be increased as in the case of a step-down transformer. Therefore, the step-down transformer can be used instead. This helps in matching the power supply and load with respect to supply voltage and supply current.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, only by turning on or off one or two on / off type switching means, or by simply switching one switching switching means, the power supply voltage or less (for example, 3/3 1 to several tens of minutes
1 to several hundred times. The present invention relates to a power supply means capable of supplying a voltage or supplying a current higher than the current that can be supplied by the power supply (eg, up to three to several tens to hundreds of times). In particular, the present invention relates to a power supply means capable of outputting a voltage lower than the power supply voltage or a current higher than the current that can be supplied at once by a single switching operation. If the voltage is stepped down in such a manner, the current that can be supplied as in the case of the step-down transformer can be increased, so that it can be used instead of the step-down transformer. This helps in matching the power supply and load with respect to supply voltage and supply current.

Each of the first to third inventions is described, for example, in "Field of Direct Current Heating of Glow Plug Used in Diesel Engines, etc., Electric Spot Welding, Electric Seam Welding, Graphitizing Furnace, Glass Melting Furnace, etc." , "Engine starter
When driving a motor, stopping an electric vehicle or accelerating from a low speed state, when generating a force by passing a current through a single conductor in a magnetic flux such as a rail gun, or when generating a strong magnetic field with a small number of turns Field of strong magnetic field generation, maintenance of arc discharge, maintenance of arc plasma generation and maintenance,
This is convenient when a low voltage and a large current are required, such as in the field of generation. In other words, it is convenient when matching between the power supply and the load is necessary for the supply voltage and the supply current. In addition, in the opposite manner to each invention, a voltage is boosted like a step-up transformer.
No. 8, etc., to form an AC power transmission device or a DC power transmission device.

[0050]

2. Description of the Related Art As a prior art, power supply means capable of stepping down and outputting an input voltage is shown in FIGS.
8 and 9. Here, 41 is a load, and FIG.
In the circuits shown in FIGS. 9 and 9, the conductors indicated by u1 to u6 are connected to each other. Each of these is configured to charge a plurality of capacitors in series and then discharge all capacitors in parallel. Each of the power supply means shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and 7 can increase its output current capacity like a transformer in inverse proportion to the step-down. In each of the power supply means shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the switches 109 and 9 are normally turned on and off alternately.
When they are simultaneously turned on, the input voltage is output as it is. Turns on in cooperation with switch 109 instead of each diode 3,
In some cases, one switch for controlling the off-state may be used, or each switch 13 may be replaced with a switch 9.
In some cases, switches that perform on / off control in cooperation with each other are used one by one. In the power supply means of FIG. 5, a resistor 8 is used instead of the switch 109, and in the power supply means of FIG. 6, a variable current limiting means is used instead of each diode 3. In the power supply means shown in FIG. 7, an electromagnetic relay or a mechanical switch for driving one break contact 2 and a plurality of make contacts 5 is used, and one break contact 2 is used instead of each diode 3. Alternatively, the break contact 2 and the make contact 5 may be exchanged. Each Zener diode 7 is connected to make each charging voltage the same, and the magnitude of each Zener voltage is set to be larger than a value obtained by dividing the magnitude of the voltage of the DC power supply 1 by the number of the capacitors 4. . In the circuits shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the sum of the charging voltages of all the capacitors becomes twice the input power supply voltage by the action of the coil 20 in an ideal circuit operation. (Reference: Shogun 51
-28601)

However, any of these power supply means has a problem that "the input voltage cannot be stepped down and output with the opposite polarity". Further, there is a problem that it is not possible to output the input voltage as it is or to reduce the input voltage and output it with the opposite polarity.

[0070]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the first invention to provide a power supply means capable of outputting an input voltage as it is or of reducing an input voltage and outputting the same with a reverse polarity.

[0080]

Another object of the present invention is to provide a power supply means capable of stepping down an input voltage to output a signal having the opposite polarity.

[0090]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the case of the conventional power supply means shown in FIG. 10, a voltage almost equal to one half of the input voltage can always be supplied to the load 41, while the output current capacity can be increased.
There is a problem that "a voltage step-down ratio of one-third or less, and conversely, it is not possible to supply power with an increased output current capacity".

[0100]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the third invention to provide a power supply means capable of supplying power having a voltage step-down ratio of one-third or less and an output current capacity that increases in contrast.

[0110]

That is, the first invention comprises a DC voltage output means capable of outputting and not outputting a DC voltage, a load connected in parallel with the DC voltage output means, Energy storage means for charging the capacitance means in series and discharging all the capacitance means in parallel at the time of energy release, and the energy storage means can absorb energy from the DC voltage output means when the DC voltage is output. The energy storage means and the DC voltage output means are connected in parallel as described above, and the energy storage means is capable of outputting a voltage opposite to the DC voltage to the load when the DC voltage is not output. Power supply means having connection state switching means for connecting the loads in parallel.

Thus, when the DC voltage output means outputs the DC voltage, the DC voltage is directly output to the load (when the circuit operation is ideal), and at the same time, all the capacitance means are serially charged. When the DC voltage is not output, all the capacitance means discharge in parallel to the load, and the magnitude obtained by dividing the absolute value of the DC voltage by the number of the capacitance means (when circuit operation is ideal) And output in reverse polarity. (Effect)

In the case where the first invention is the power supply means according to the second aspect, the DC voltage output means can be turned on and off.
Off-switching means (eg: various transistors, GT
O thyristor, SI thyristor, mechanical switch, contact, electromagnetic relay, mercury switch, on / off controllable switching means, etc. ) And a DC power supply means in series. In addition, as the DC voltage output means, other "combination of blinking light emitting means and photovoltaic means (eg, solar cell, photovoltaic diode array, etc.)",
"Combination of light source and passage / shield control means (eg, liquid crystal, rotating slit, rotating mirror, etc.) for controlling passage and shielding of light" and photovoltaic means "," Pressure application capable of applying and removing pressure Combination of removing means and piezoelectric means ".

In the case where the first invention is a drive circuit for a capacitive load according to the third aspect, a capacitive load (for example, a piezoelectric element, a liquid crystal, electroluminescence, etc.) is used as the load, and the capacitive load is used. Can be driven.

In the case where the first invention is a drive circuit for controllable switching means according to claim 4, a main electrode and a control electrode (for example, a base electrode and an emitter) paired as a load for inputting a drive signal of the controllable switching means. Electrode, gate electrode and source electrode or cathode electrode, anode side gate electrode and anode electrode) are used, so that the controllable switching means is used. Examples: Bipolar transistor, SIT, junction type FET, power MOS-FET, IGBT, GTBT
(Bipolar FET with grounded grooved electrode), GT
O thyristor, SI thyristor, etc.駆 動 can be driven. In this case, the DC voltage is supplied as a reverse bias voltage to the controllable switching means while the DC voltage output means is outputting the DC voltage, and a plurality of DC voltages are supplied while the DC voltage output means is not outputting the DC voltage. It is also possible to supply to the controllable switching means a forward bias voltage having a DC voltage divided by the number of the capacitance means (= N) and a forward bias current having N times the output current capacity. is there. Thus, it is convenient when the SIT, the bipolar transistor, the junction FET, the GTBT, the SI thyristor and the like are turned off with a large reverse bias voltage and turned on with a large forward bias current.

[0160]

A second invention is directed to a DC voltage output means capable of outputting or not outputting a DC voltage, a load connected in series with the DC voltage output means, and a plurality of built-in power supplies for absorbing energy. Energy storage means for charging the capacitance means in series and discharging all the capacitance means in parallel at the time of energy release, and the energy storage means can absorb energy from the DC voltage output means when the DC voltage is output. The energy storage means and the DC voltage output means are connected in parallel as described above, and the energy storage means is capable of outputting a voltage opposite to the DC voltage to the load when the DC voltage is not output. Power supply means having connection state switching means for connecting the loads in parallel.

Thus, when the DC voltage output means outputs the DC voltage, all the capacitance means are charged in series, and when the DC voltage output means does not output the DC voltage, all the capacitance means discharge in parallel to the load. ,
In addition, the voltage is reduced to a value obtained by dividing the absolute value of the DC voltage by the number of the capacitance means (when the circuit operation is ideal), and output with the opposite polarity.
(Effect)

In the case where the second invention is the power supply means according to claim 6, the DC voltage output means can be turned on and off.
Off-switching means (eg: various transistors, GT
O thyristor, SI thyristor, mechanical switch, contact, electromagnetic relay, mercury switch, on / off controllable switching means, etc. ) And a DC power supply means in series. In addition, as the DC voltage output means, other "combination of blinking light emitting means and photovoltaic means (eg, solar cell, photovoltaic diode array, etc.)",
"Combination of light source and passage / shield control means (eg, liquid crystal, rotating slit, rotating mirror, etc.) for controlling passage and shielding of light" and photovoltaic means "," Pressure application capable of applying and removing pressure Combination of removing means and piezoelectric means ". Also,
A drive circuit for a capacitive load (eg, piezoelectric element, liquid crystal, electro-luminescence, etc.) that drives the second invention with applied voltage and zero voltage, or turned on with zero voltage and zero voltage.
The present invention can also be used for a drive circuit of a controllable switching means that performs off control.

[0190]

Further, a third invention is a DC voltage output means capable of outputting or not outputting a DC voltage when K is a predetermined number equal to or more than 3, K capacitance means, A closed circuit is formed by (K-1) non-controllable switching means connected one by one between each of the K capacitance means so as to be aligned in the forward direction with respect to the DC voltage. It can be turned on and off between a connection point of one of the capacitance means connected to one end of the voltage output means and one of the non-controllable switching means connected to the capacitance means and the other end of the DC voltage output means. The first controllable switching means is connected, and the one non-controllable switching means is connected between one end of the one non-controllable switching means opposite to the connection point and one end of the DC voltage output means. The K Align the quenching means and orientation
Connect the non-controllable switching means and connect the remaining (K-
2) A series of (K-2) series circuits in which each of the non-controllable switching means is connected in series with two non-controllable switching means so as to be sandwiched in the same direction, and the DC voltage output means is connected to the DC voltage output means. Power supply means connected in parallel in the opposite direction to the voltage.

Thus, when the DC voltage output means outputs the DC voltage and the first controllable switching means is off, the DC voltage output means outputs the first (K-1) non-controllers. Charging the K capacitance units in series connection via controllable switching means. On the other hand, if the DC voltage output means does not output the DC voltage or if the DC voltage output means does have its internal impedance, the first (K-1) first controllable switching means is turned on. The non-controllable switching means are turned off by the voltage of each of the capacitance means, and the other non-controllable switching means are turned on. Therefore, the K capacitance means are connected in parallel through these non-controllable switching means. Outputs voltage at the same time. As a result, the magnitude of the output voltage of the power supply means becomes 1 / K of the DC voltage if the operation is ideal, and the average output current capacity is larger than the output current capacity of the DC voltage output means. Become. In addition, since the number K is 3 or more, it is possible to supply power with a voltage step-down ratio of 1/3 or less, and conversely, an output current capacity that increases. (
First effect)

In the case where the third invention is a power supply means according to claim 8, the DC voltage output means is a controllable switching means which can be turned on / off (for example, various transistors, GTO thyristor, SI thyristor, mechanical switch, contact) , An electromagnetic relay, a mercury switch, a controllable switching means that can be turned on and off, etc.) and a DC power supply means. In addition, as the DC voltage output means, there are other "combinations of blinking light emitting means and photovoltaic means (eg, solar cell, photovoltaic diode array, etc.)", "light source and passage and shielding of the light." Combination of passage / shield control means (eg, liquid crystal, rotating slit, rotating mirror, etc.) and photovoltaic means "," combination of pressure applying / removing means capable of applying and removing pressure and piezoelectric means ", etc. There is.

In the case where the third aspect of the present invention is the power supply unit according to the ninth aspect, the DC voltage output unit is constituted by a series circuit of a controllable switching unit that can be turned on and off, a DC power supply unit, and a first current limiting unit. You. The ON and OFF operations of the first and second controllable switching means may be controlled in reverse.

In the case where the third invention is the power supply means according to the eleventh aspect, the first and second controllable switching means are connected to one another.
Since the two switching means are combined, the number of parts can be reduced, and the first and second controllable switching means can be prevented from being simultaneously turned on.

In the case where the third invention is the power supply means according to the twelfth aspect, the current limiting means is used instead of at least one of the non-controllable switching means, but the desired effect can be achieved. If the current limiting means is a "variable current limiting means whose current limiting function is smaller when the DC voltage is output than when the DC voltage is not output like a negative resistance means," Energy loss by means is reduced.

In the third invention, a driving circuit for a capacitive load (for example, a piezoelectric element, a liquid crystal, electroluminescence, etc.) driven by applying a voltage and a voltage of zero or on / off control is performed by applying a voltage and applying a voltage of zero. It can also be used as a drive circuit for controllable switching means. Also, as described above, the output voltage is reduced by a factor of K, and the output current capacity is increased.
This is convenient when a low voltage and a large current are required, such as in the field of generation. Furthermore, if each of the current limiting means limits the upper limit of the flowing current when the DC voltage is output, a series circuit of a resistor and a diode, a control electrode not forming a pair for inputting a drive signal thereof, and Bipolar transistor or normally-off SIT with resistance means or constant current means connected between main electrodes, unidirectional resistance means,
A series circuit of a constant current means and a diode, a unidirectional constant current means, a series circuit of a coil and a diode, a series circuit of an inductance means and a diode, a resistor, a drain and a gate thereof, and a normally connected circuit having a back gate and a source connected thereto. A series connection of two insulated gate FETs in the opposite direction, and a normally connected FET with its gate and source connected
On FET or two SITs connected in series in opposite directions, bidirectional resistance means, bidirectional constant current means,
A series circuit of a resistance means and an inductance means, a combination of a coil or an inductance means and a "period control means for controlling the on / off period of the first controllable switching means", or at least two of them Anything, such as a combination of

As examples of the non-controllable switching means, a diode, a PN junction, a bipolar transistor having a collector and a base connected, a reverse blocking thyristor having an anode and a cathode connected or an anode and a cathode connected, and a collector thereof I with gate connected
GBT, "Normal-off MOS-FET in which each electrode potential is applied so that no forward voltage is applied between the back gate and the drain, and between the back gate and the source, and the drain and the gate are connected"; Normally-off type MOS F with back gate connected to source
ET (use of built-in diode) ". Zener
The diode also behaves like a normal diode if its reverse applied voltage is less than its Zener voltage, and can be considered as a non-controllable switching means in this case. The first or second controllable switching means may be a semiconductor switch, a mechanical switch, an electromagnetic relay or a mercury switch as long as the controllable switching means can be turned on and off.

[0270]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to the power supply means of the first invention. The above-mentioned plural number is 4, and each corresponds to the above-mentioned each component as follows. a) A series circuit of the DC power supply 1 and the switch 109 serves as the DC voltage output means described above. b) The DC power supply 1 is a DC power supply means according to claim 2. c) The switch 109 is an on / off switching means according to claim 2. d) The load 41 is the load described above. However, diode 6
In this case, the series circuit of the diode 6 and the load 41 corresponds to the load of the power supply means. In this way, only the reverse voltage may be used for convenience of the load side. Alternatively, for example, a light emitting diode may be a load. e) In FIG. 1, the right side of the dashed line (four capacitors 4,
The portion composed of the three diodes 3 and the six diodes 13) corresponds to the above-described energy storage means. f) Four capacitors 4 serve as the plurality of capacitance means described above. g) The circuit section formed by the transistors 50 and 51, the diodes 52 to 55, and the resistors 56 and 57 is the connection state switching means described above.

The operation is as follows. Switch 10
When 9 turns on, the voltage of each capacitor 4 is smaller than the voltage of the DC power supply 1, so that a reverse voltage is applied to all diodes 13, so that all diodes 13 turn off. On the other hand, if the sum of the voltages of all capacitors 4 is smaller than the voltage of DC power supply 1, all diodes 3 are turned on,
Since the four capacitors 4 are connected in series, the charging current is changed from the DC power supply 1 to the switch 109 and the diode 5.
2, 54, "4 capacitors 4 and 3 diodes 3
And the diodes 55 and 53.
Therefore, the transistor 50 is reverse-biased by the forward voltage of the diode 54 and is off, and the transistor 51 is reverse-biased by the forward voltage of the diode 55 and is off. When the diode 6 is not provided, the power supply voltage is applied to the load 41 at this time.

Thereafter, when the switch 109 is turned off, a reverse voltage is applied to each diode 3 by the voltage of each capacitor 4, so that all the diodes 3 are off, and a forward voltage is applied to each diode 13. Therefore, all the diodes 13 are on. As a result, all the capacitors 4 are connected in parallel, so that the discharge current flows through the connection between the transistor 50 and the resistor 56, the load 41 and the connection between the transistor 51 and the resistor 57, and all the capacitors 4 are connected to the voltage of the DC power supply 1. Is supplied to the load 41 in the opposite direction (when each circuit operation is ideal).

The diode 52 or the diode 5
3 or “any one of the three diodes 3” can be replaced by a controllable switching unit that turns on and off in conjunction with turning on and off the switch 109. Alternatively, "the transistor 50, the diode 54, and the resistor 56
The switching means formed by the transistor 109, the switching means formed by the transistor 51, the diode 55 and the resistor 55, or the "one of the six diodes 13" is turned off and on in the opposite direction in cooperation with the turning on and off of the switch 109. Controllable switching means.

When the above-described energy storage means is constituted by four capacitors 4, three diodes 3 and six diodes 13 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the series connection of the four capacitors 4 and the three diodes 3 is not changed. Even if the connection of some of the diodes 13 is changed, the above-described energy storage means can be configured. For example, the diode 13 in the upper right of FIG. 1 can only be connected to the positive power supply line (one option), but the diode 13 in the center in FIG. 1 may be connected to the positive power supply line. It may be connected to the anode. That is, there are two options. 1 may be connected to a positive power supply line, may be connected to the anode of the diode 13 in the center of FIG. 1, or may be connected to the anode of the diode 13 in the upper right of FIG. good. In other words, there are three options. After all, there are a total of 1 × 2 × 3 = 6 options for connecting the three diodes 13 in FIG. Similarly, there are a total of 1 × 2 × 3 = 6 options for connecting the lower three diodes 13 in FIG. In other words, there are 36 options for connecting all the upper and lower diodes 13. In general, when the number of capacitors 4 is N, the connection options of all the upper and lower diodes 13 include the square of the factorial of (N-1). In addition to the embodiment of FIG.
23 are different from each other in FIGS. 11 to 33.

In the embodiment of FIG. 34, the MOs of the P and N channels
The connection state switching means constituted by the S-FET and the like is used. Reverse bias voltage using "diode with large forward voltage" or "multiple diodes connected in series" or resistor or "voltage drop with large voltage drop" instead of ordinary diode as voltage drop means for reverse bias Is larger, the normally-on type MOS-FE
T, SIT or junction type FET can be used. 35 to 3
In each embodiment of FIG. 7, since a resistor is connected between both bases, the ON voltage of both transistors can be made smaller than that of the embodiment of FIG. In each of the embodiments of FIGS. 38 to 41, the on-voltage can be similarly reduced as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 42 to 44, the gates of the four-terminal GTO thyristors are reverse-biased by the charging current or the load current. If you want to increase the reverse bias voltage, replace the voltage drop means for reverse bias with "voltage drop means with a large voltage drop" as described above.
Should be used. FIGS. 45 to 49 show five examples of the energy storage means one by one. These are shown in FIGS.
Embodiments in which the energy storage means is replaced in each embodiment shown in FIG. 44 and each embodiment described later are also possible.
Thus, a new embodiment (derived embodiment) is one from each embodiment.
Derived one by one. The embodiment of FIG. 50 is a driving circuit (capacity reverse bias SI) of the capacitive load using the embodiment of FIG.
Thyristors are capacitive loads. ) Or a drive circuit for controllable switching means (SI thyristor). If there are two diodes shown by dotted lines, this embodiment becomes a conditional one-way insulating switching circuit as in the embodiment of FIG. 71 described later. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 51 and 52 is a three-terminal switching circuit using the embodiment of FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 50 and the embodiments of FIGS. 51 and 52, if it is desired to further reduce the input voltage and output, the energy storage means shown in any one of FIGS. Should be used.

The embodiment of FIG. 53 has one make contact 2 and 4
The power supply means uses an electromagnetic relay having two break contacts 5. The following is described for the embodiment of FIG. a) It is also possible to use an electromagnetic relay using a break contact for the make contact 2 and one make contact for each break contact 5 as in the embodiment of FIG. This applies to other similar embodiments described later. In this way, the replacement derives one new embodiment from each embodiment. (Derived embodiment) b) Mechanical switching means for manually operating each of the make contact 2 and the break contact 5 may be used instead of the electromagnetic relay. The same can be said for other similar embodiments to be described later and each derivative embodiment of the above item a), and a new embodiment is derived one by one. (Derived example) c) The load 41 is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the DC power supply 1 and the make contact 2, but if the diode 6 indicated by the dotted line is provided, only the voltage having the opposite polarity to the power supply voltage is applied to the load 41. And a smoothing capacitor can be connected in parallel with the load 41.

D) Two embodiments of FIG. 53 having the diode 6 are prepared, the two DC power supplies 1 are made common, and they are combined into one to supply power to the common load 41. If each electromagnetic relay (not shown) is controlled so that the break contacts 5 and all the other break contacts 5 in the other set are turned on alternately, power can be continuously supplied. Alternatively, FIG.
3 or more embodiments are prepared in the same manner and integrated into a single unit. All the break contacts 5 of each group are sequentially turned on, and the respective electromagnetic relays are controlled so that the respective ON periods partially overlap. Thus, power can be supplied more smoothly and continuously. e) When there are two Zener diodes 7 indicated by dotted lines, the magnitude of each Zener voltage is larger than and close to half the magnitude of the power supply voltage so that they do not short-circuit the DC power supply 1. Is set to The two Zener diodes 7 are for charging each capacitor 4 with a voltage obtained by equally dividing the power supply voltage. Generally, a plurality (= N
Of each power supply voltage, the magnitude of each zener voltage is set to a value larger than 1 / N and close to 1 / N of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. Is done.

F) Instead of a series circuit of DC power supply 1 and make contact 2, a series circuit of DC power supply 1, make contact 2 and current limiting means (eg, resistor, coil, constant current means) can be used. is there. Alternatively, a series circuit of the diode 3 and the current limiting means can be used instead of at least one of the three diodes 3. If there is no loss when using a coil as the current limiting means, the voltage of each capacitor 4 can be charged up to the power supply voltage by the resonance action if there is no loss, so that a voltage of the opposite polarity to the power supply voltage has the same magnitude and a large output current capacity is applied to the load Can be supplied. At this time, it is necessary to double the Zener voltage of each Zener diode 7. This is generally true not only for the make contact but also for other controllable switching means. g) If each diode 3 is replaced with a coil one by one and the make contact 2 and each break contact 5 are switched on and off when the voltage of each capacitor 4 becomes half of the power supply voltage, the output current of the power supply means In addition to the discharge current of each capacitor 4, the emission current of each coil is also added, so that the output current capacity can be further increased. This is the same when using other controllable switching means.

H) If a switch is connected in parallel to one of the break contacts 5 shown at the lower right or upper left in FIG. 53, the power supply voltage is not reduced when this switch is on, and the power supply voltage is reduced when this switch is off. Reduced by half. In this manner, the voltage step-down ratio (that is, the current capacity increase ratio) can be controlled in two stages by turning on and off the switch. In general, when there are N capacitors, the controllable switching means connected to the same side of the DC voltage output means as described above and connected to the non-controllable switching means connected to the opposite side is excluded (N- 1) One switch is connected in parallel to each of the controllable switching means,
If a predetermined number of these (N-1) parallel switches are controlled to remain on, the voltage step-down ratio and the current capacity increase ratio can be controlled in N stages. Alternatively, more simply, a predetermined number of the (N-1) controllable switching means may be turned on and left on. The above items c) to h) can be similarly applied to the entire first invention.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 54 corresponds to the power supply means of the first invention, and has four capacitors. As described above, one switch is connected in parallel to each of the three upper left break contacts 5 in FIG. 54 or each of the three lower right break contacts 5 in FIG. 54, and these switches are controlled. The ratio and the current capacity increase ratio can be controlled in four stages.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 55, a fuse and a power supply switch are connected in series between the break contact 5 and the DC power supply 1. Good. As in the embodiment of FIG. 54, it is also possible to use an electromagnetic relay using a make contact for the break contact 5 and one break contact for each make contact 2.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 56, the gates of all the transistors 11 and 12 are directly connected, and when each transistor 11 is on, each capacitor 4 forward biases the gate of each transistor 14.
When all the diodes 16 are removed by short-circuiting both ends of each diode 16, the turn-off of each transistor 14 is accelerated, but the magnitude of the charging voltage of each capacitor 4 varies. Therefore, each diode 16 is connected to a Zener
By replacing the diodes one by one and adjusting the magnitude of each Zener voltage so that the magnitude of the charging voltage of each capacitor 4 becomes the same, the variation is averaged and the turn-off of each transistor 14 is accelerated without any trouble. be able to.
In this case, the Zener voltage decreases from the left side to the right side in FIG. The transistor 14 at the right end of FIG.
As described above, by connecting one switch to each transistor 14 in parallel as described above and controlling these switches, the voltage step-down ratio and the current capacity increase ratio can be controlled stepwise by the number of capacitors 4. Alternatively, the on / off of each transistor 14 may be controlled using different on-control means except for the transistor 14 at the right end in FIG.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 57, the turn-off speed is increased by the Zener diode and the stepwise control of the voltage step-down ratio and the current capacity increase ratio described in the description of the embodiment of FIG. The same can be said.

Each embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIGS. 58 and 59 is also possible. In the embodiment of FIG. 59, the transistor 17 detects the on / off of the transistor 11, and while the transistor 11 is on, the transistor 17 charges the capacitor 18 and reverses the gates of both the transistors 12. Transistor 1 with transistor 11
When 7 is turned off, capacitors 18 forward bias the gates of both transistors 12 and each capacitor 4 forward biases the gate of each transistor 19.

FIGS. 60 and 61 show an embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention using the coil 20. FIG. From t5 to t8, the conductive wires having the same reference numerals are in the conductive state, respectively, and V1 to V3
Is a sign indicating the height of the power supply line potential, and the potential increases in this order. The driving operation of each transistor 11 and transistor 12 is as follows. When the transistor 21 is on, a gate forward bias voltage is applied to the transistor 12, that is, a gate reverse bias voltage is applied to all the transistors 11 via the built-in diode of the transistor 12. At the same time, the capacitor 18 is charged via the diodes 24 and the like.
Since the forward voltage of each diode 24 becomes a base reverse bias voltage for the transistors 22 and 23, the transistors 22 and 23 are off. Thereafter, when the transistor 21 is turned off, the capacitor 18 becomes the transistor 2
Reverse biasing the transistor 12 via 2, 23, etc.,
Each transistor 11 is forward biased. Transistor 2
Each biasing by capacitor 18 continues as long as there is sufficient bias energy on capacitor 18 while 1 is off. (Reference: JP-A-5-304454, Jpn.
No. 66165, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-313959)

Then, the turn of each transistor 14
In order to turn off the transistor quickly, each transistor 25 and the like discharges the charge between its gate and source. However, there is a case where it is not possible to completely turn off the transistor 14 and 25 due to the on / off threshold voltage of each transistor. One resistor is connected between each gate and source just in case. When each capacitor 4 forward biases each transistor 14, the forward voltage developed by each discharge diode 26 causes each transistor 26 to reverse bias each transistor 25 and keep it off. From the above, it can be seen that the ON and OFF of all the transistors 11, 12, and 14 can be controlled by the base signal of the transistor 21.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 60 and 61, the supply voltage applied to the load 41 may be reduced when the diode 6 at the right end of the drawing is present or the voltage drops due to the on-resistance of the transistor 12. Sometimes, the on-resistance of the transistor 12 can be used instead of the current limiting coil 20, so that both ends of the coil 20 can be short-circuited and the coil 20 can be removed. FIG. 60 and FIG.
1. Two embodiments of both figures are prepared, each input power supply is shared and integrated, power is supplied to the same load 41, and each transistor 21 is an oscillator such as an astable multivibrator (not shown). The power can be continuously supplied to the load 41 by controlling the positive output Q and the auxiliary output Q bar. This is the same for the embodiments shown in FIGS. 56, 58, and 59. Alternatively, if three or more embodiments are prepared, similarly shared and integrated into one, and controlled so that the off periods of the transistors 21 partially overlap, power can be supplied more smoothly and continuously. Further, if the ON period of the transistor 21 is set to be equal to or more than a half cycle of the series resonance circuit of the four capacitors 4 and the coil 20, if the operation of each part is ideal, the sum of the charging voltages of all the capacitors 4 is (V3-V2). It can be twice the voltage. Alternatively, if the ON period of the transistor 21 is set to a quarter of that period, the sum of the charging voltages of all the capacitors 4 becomes (V3-V2) if the operation of each part is ideal, and all the transistors 11 , 14 are turned on, the current of the coil 20 can be supplied to the load 41 in addition to the discharge current of all the capacitors 4, so that the output current capacity increases.

The embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIGS. 62 and 63 is an application of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 60 and 61. It is conducting. A driving circuit similar to that of each transistor 11 is used for each transistor 19. For this reason, the charging energy of each capacitor 4 is not used for the forward bias of each transistor 19 but is effectively used for the load 41.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 64, all controllable switching means are N-channel type MO.
S-FET is used. The driving operation of each transistor 11 is as follows when the power switch is turned on. While the transistor 27 is on, the charging current of the capacitor 18 and the charging current of all the capacitors 4 are equal to the power Zener diode 28.
Through the transistor 27, the forward voltage of the Zener diode 28 gate reverse biases all transistors 11. Then, when the transistor 27 is turned off, the capacitor 18 biases all the transistors 11 in the gate forward direction, and each capacitor 11 turns on each transistor 14 by turning on each transistor 11.
Turn on. Then, when the transistor 27 is turned on, a power supply short-circuit current flows from the DC power supply 1 through the diode 3, the transistor 11 on the left side of the figure, the Zener diode 28, and the transistor 27. The charge of the gate-source capacitance is extracted. Therefore, all transistors 11 are turned off, and accordingly, all transistors 14 are also turned off. The same is repeated thereafter. Instead of the power Zener diode 28, a parallel circuit of a power diode and a low power Zener diode may be used. If the on-resistance of the transistor 27 may be used regardless of the presence or absence of the diode 6, the value of the resistor 29 may be zero. (Reference: U.S. Pat. No. 4,125,814, JP-A-54-1272)
7, JP-A-62-147953, JP-A-63-29
No. 9768, JP-A-3-179815, and JP-A-3-8-15
No. 2931, JP-A-5-15144)

The embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIGS. 65 and 66 is an improvement of the embodiment of FIG.
From t4 to t4, the conductive wires having the same reference numerals are in a conductive state. In order to speed up the turn-off of each of the three transistors 14 and 27, one discharging transistor or the like is provided between each gate and source, and three transistors 11 are provided.
In order to speed up each turn-on, the charging transistor 30 and the like are provided between the capacitor 18 and their gates. It is not necessary to charge the capacitor 18 more than necessary, and the capacitor 18 is charged via a constant voltage circuit in order to reduce energy loss during charging. Further, there is a series circuit of a Zener diode 31 and a diode 32 which are connected by a dotted line at the base of the transistor 30. The magnitude of the Zener voltage of all the transistors 11
The gate forward bias voltage is set to
When the magnitude of the Zener voltage of the diode 33 is set to be larger than the gate forward bias voltage value and smaller than the withstand voltage between each gate and the source, the Zener diode is connected to the capacitor 18 during the steady state of all the transistors 11. Since the current flowing through 33 can be made almost zero, current consumption can be saved. Note that a diode in which a diode is connected in series in the reverse direction to the Zener diode 33 as in the case of the Zener diode 31 may be used so that a forward overcurrent does not flow through the Zener diode 33. However, in this case, the sum of the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 33 and the forward voltage of the series diode is set to be smaller than the gate-source withstand voltage described above. In this case, if the Zener diode 31 and the like are also connected, the sum of the voltages is set to be larger than the above-mentioned gate forward bias voltage value.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 67 and FIG. 68, the drive circuit of each transistor 11 used in the embodiment of FIG. However, an N-channel or P-channel normally-on MOS-FET is connected between each gate and source in order to accelerate the discharge of the gate-source capacitance of each of the transistors 12 and 27. Instead of MOSFETs, N- and P-channel junction FETs and normally
An ON-type SIT or the like may be used.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIGS. 69 and 70, the charging / discharging portion of each capacitor 18 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 67 and 68 is the same as the circuit portion of FIG. It is an improvement.

The embodiment of FIG. 71 utilizes the embodiment of FIG. 64. The power supply means of the first invention and the driving circuit of the capacitive load (the transistors 37 and 38 at the time of base reverse bias become capacitive loads). ) Or the embodiment of the drive circuit of the controllable switching means. In addition, regardless of the presence or absence of the diode 34, when the diodes 35 and 36 are provided and the transistor 38 is not provided, this embodiment employs the "switch terminal S
W1 and SW2 must be lower than the positive terminal potential of DC power supply 1 ".
And the switch terminals SW1 and SW2 can be insulated from each other. Further, when there are diodes 34 to 36, a transistor 38, and the like,
This embodiment is a bidirectional insulated switching circuit that can insulate between the DC power supply 1 and the switch terminals SW1 and SW2 under the same conditions.

The operation of the one-way insulating switching circuit is as follows. When the transistor 27 is on, the DC power supply 1 reverse biases the transistor 37 and keeps it off, so that the two switch terminals SW1 and SW2 are in a bidirectional non-conductive state. At this time, the "switch terminals SW1, S
Unless the potential of each of W2 becomes lower than the plus terminal potential of DC power supply 1, no reverse current flows through transistor 37, and no forward current flows through diode 35 (each of 34). Accordingly, the DC power supply 1 and the switch terminals SW1 and SW2 are insulated under such conditions. On the other hand, when the transistor 27 is off, the two capacitors 4 forward bias the transistor 37 and keep it on, so that the two switch terminals SW1 and SW2 are conductive in one direction. At this time, “unless the potentials of the switch terminals SW1 and SW2 become lower than the potential of the positive power supply terminal of the DC power supply 1”, no reverse current flows through the transistor 27 connected to the negative power supply terminal, and the diode 3
No forward current flows in each of 6, 3, and 39. Therefore, at this time, the DC power supply 1 and the switch terminals SW1 and SW2 are insulated from each other under such conditions. As a result, it is understood that the DC power supply 1 and the switch terminals SW1 and SW2 are always insulated under these conditions, ignoring the time when the transistors 27 and 37 are switched on and off. This is the same when the embodiment of FIG. 50 is a one-way insulating switching circuit.

The same applies to the insulation operation when the embodiment of FIG. 71 is a bidirectional insulation type switching circuit.
Only the transistors 37 and 38 are turned on and off at the same time, and only switch bidirectionally. (Reference: JP-A-5-2
26998, JP-A-5-268037, JP-A-5-28037
No. 304453-4, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-219389)

The three embodiments shown in FIGS. 72 to 74 are arranged in numerical order from left to right.
FIGS. 72 and 73 show directional insulating switching circuits.
75, and FIGS. 72, 73 and 76 are bidirectionally insulated switching circuits that can be unconditionally insulated.
Therefore, the transistor 12 and the diodes 39 and 40 shown in FIG. 72 constitute a reverse blocking type one-way controllable switching means, and the transistor 27 and the diodes 39 and 40 are provided.
Constitutes a reverse blocking type one-way controllable switching means. Further, when the transistors 37 and 42 and the diodes 34 and 35 shown in FIG. 74 are off, the connection between the input terminals S6 and S10 and the switch terminals SW3 and SW4 is completely completed. A one-way switch that is non-conductive. And FIG.
76 constitutes a bidirectional switch in which the input and output are completely non-conductive when turned off, and the transistors 37 and 42 and the diodes 34 and 35 shown in FIG. Each combination also constitutes a bidirectional switch in which the input and output are completely non-conductive when turned off. (Reference: JP-A-6-196
No. 991, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-133541)

In the embodiment of FIG. 77, when the make contact 2 is on, the transistor 43 and the like prevent an inrush current flowing through both capacitors 4. (Reference: JP-A-4-96621 and JP-A-5-15054)

Each of the embodiments of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIGS. 78 to 80 is different from the embodiments of FIGS. It uses one series circuit at a time. In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 81, a unidirectional negative resistance means formed by a transistor is used as a current limiting means.

The embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 82 is obtained by simplifying the off driving of each transistor 14 in the embodiment of FIG. When the transistor 27 is turned on, the charging current of all the capacitors 4 flows through each Zener diode 58 (each voltage drop means) via all the diodes 3 and the like, and a voltage drop (gate reverse bias voltage) is caused. The gate is reverse-biased and off-drive is performed immediately. Alternatively, from the DC power supply 1, the "transistor 14, the Zener diode 58 and the diode 3
(And the transistor 11), a short-circuit current flows to the diode 62, the transistor 27, and the power switch 61, and similarly, the gate is reverse-biased and quickly turned off. Each resistor 59 is connected to each transistor 14.
, But only the resistor 59 at the left end of the figure is connected in parallel with the diode 3. In addition, each resistor 60
Is for the reverse bias of the gate of each transistor 14. When it is connected, even if the charging of all the capacitors 4 is completed, a current flows through each Zener diode 58 to cause a voltage drop and stabilize the turning off of each transistor 14. And also helps to average the charging voltage of each capacitor 4. Further, it is shown that the resistance, the coil, and the conductor shown in the upper right of the figure are replaced by switching the connection of both terminals connected to both ends.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 83, the resistor 5 for the gate forward bias of each transistor 14 is used.
Since 9 was connected in parallel to each diode 3 and the diode 16 of the embodiment of FIG. 82 was removed, the number of diodes could be reduced as compared with that of the embodiment. In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 84, most of the diodes 3 are also used as voltage drop means for gate reverse bias of each transistor 63, so that the number of parts can be further reduced.
Each capacitor 4 forward biases each transistor 63 via one or two transistors 64 when discharging. The diodes 3 may be replaced one by one with a Zener diode. However, each Zener voltage must be set higher than the charging voltage of each capacitor 4 and lower than the gate-source withstand voltage of each transistor 63.

An embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 85 is one in which the constituent elements other than the capacitor in the embodiment of FIG.
This is convenient when configured with an IC circuit. Specifically, the diode is “MOS ・ F connecting back gate and source.
In the ET built-in diode, the resistor or the "series circuit of the resistor and the diode" is rendered non-conductive by applying a reverse bias between the back gate and the source and between the back gate and the drain, etc. FE
T ", respectively. The embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 86 is obtained by partially changing a circuit having a symmetrical relationship with respect to the voltage polarity or the voltage direction with respect to the embodiment of FIG. When the number of transistors 65 is increased to two to reduce the charging voltage of capacitor 18 and connect transistor 66, a forward voltage is applied to the built-in diode to reduce energy loss due to the forward voltage of the built-in diode. The transistor 66 is turned on.

In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 87, the transistor 67 is used as a voltage drop means instead of a diode. In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 88, "a MOS-FET in which the back gate and the source and the back gate and the drain are made non-conductive by reverse biasing or the like and the gate and the drain are connected" is another. In addition, they are used as voltage drop means instead of diodes. An embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention in which the three views of FIGS. 89 to 91 are arranged in order from left to right is also possible.
Reference numeral 7 indicates that the conductors having the same reference numerals are in a conductive state. In the embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 92, each capacitor 4 reversely biases the back gate and source of each of the transistors 68 and 69. Each embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIGS. 93 and 94 is also possible.

The power supply means shown in each of FIGS.
It is each Example of this invention. The circuit portions shown in the right half of the one-dot chain line in each figure correspond to the above-described energy storage means, but each of the embodiments uses the energy storage means of each embodiment of the first invention shown so far. Is also possible.

The embodiment of FIG. 98 corresponds to the power supply means of the third invention, and the above-mentioned predetermined number K is 3, and each of them corresponds to the above-mentioned respective components as follows. a) A series circuit of the DC power supply 1 and the switch 109 serves as the DC voltage output means described above. b) The DC power supply 1 is a DC power supply means according to claim 8. c) The switch 109 is a second controllable switching means according to claim 8. d) The three capacitors 4 serve as the above-mentioned K or three capacitance means. e) The two diodes 3 serve as the (K-1) non-controllable switching means described above. f) One capacitor 3 on the right side of the figure serves as one capacitance means described above. g) One diode 3 on the right side of the figure serves as one non-controllable switching means described above. h) One diode 13 on the right side of the figure is the K-th non-controllable switching means described above. i) The switch 9 is the first controllable switching means described above. j) The two diodes 13 on the left side of FIG.
-2) The above-mentioned non-controllable switching means in which each of the one non-controllable switching means (diode 3 on the left side in the figure) is sandwiched by two. k) DC power supply 1, switch 109, three capacitors 4
And the closed circuit formed by the two diodes 3 becomes the closed circuit described above. l) One set of the series circuit of the diode 3 on the left side of the figure and two diodes 13 above and below is the (K-2) set described above, that is, 1
In a series of series circuits.

The operation is as follows. Switch 10
When the switch 9 is on and the switch 9 is off, the DC power supply 1 applies a reverse voltage to each of the three diodes 13 to keep them off, and the three capacitors 4 are connected in series via the two diodes 3. DC power supply 1 charges a series circuit of three capacitors 4 through two diodes 3,
At the same time, approximately one third of the power supply voltage is supplied to the load 41. On the other hand, when the switch 109 is off and the switch 9 is on, each capacitor 4 applies a reverse voltage to each diode 3 to keep it off, and the three capacitors 4 are connected in parallel via three diodes 13. A parallel circuit of three capacitors 4 supplies a voltage of one third of the power supply voltage to a load 41 via three diodes 13. Therefore,
In any case, the load 41 is supplied with a voltage that is one third of the power supply voltage.

The following is added to the embodiment of FIG. 98. a) A make contact and a break contact may be used for the switches 109 and 9 as in the embodiment of FIG. 53, and an electromagnetic relay that turns both contacts on and off electromagnetically with a coil may be used. Alternatively, mechanical switching means for manually operating both contacts simultaneously may be used. b) Instead of the switch 109, a current limiting means such as a resistor or a coil may be used, or a series circuit of the resistor 8 or a coil and the switch 109 may be used. However, when a resistor is used, when the switch 9 is turned on, the DC power supply 1 also supplies a voltage to the load 41 via the resistor.
, The voltage of the parallel circuit becomes dominant. c) As shown in the embodiment of FIG.
When the diodes are connected in parallel one by one, the magnitude of each zener voltage is set to a value larger than one third of the magnitude of the power supply voltage and close to one third thereof so that they do not short-circuit the DC power supply 1. You. The three Zener diodes are for charging each capacitor 4 with a voltage obtained by dividing the power supply voltage by three. In general, when one Zener diode is connected in parallel to each of K capacitors, the magnitude of each Zener voltage is set to a value larger than 1 / K of the magnitude of the power supply voltage and close to 1 / K. Is done.

D) A diode 1 connected in parallel with a switch to each of the three diodes 13 or connected at a position where the number of capacitors 3 to be charged can be controlled.
3 each with one switch connected in parallel.
If the number of capacitors 4 charged by the DC power supply 1 is controlled by controlling the off state, the voltage step-down ratio and the current capacity increase ratio can be reduced to one third, three times, one half and two times, and It can be controlled in three stages, such as current. Generally, when there are K capacitors, one switch is connected in parallel to each non-controllable switching means connected to the same side or connected to a position where the number of capacitors 4 charged by the DC power supply 1 can be controlled. If these switches are connected and ON / OFF of these switches is controlled, the voltage step-down ratio and the current increase ratio can be controlled in K stages. Computer control is also possible. e) If necessary, a series circuit of the DC power supply 1 and the power switch or a series circuit of the DC power supply 1, the power switch and the power supply fuse may be used instead of the DC power supply 1. f) This embodiment works in the same way as the conventional circuit of FIG.
Since one capacitor 4 is connected in parallel to the load 41, it serves as a smoothing capacitor and the like. g) Comparing the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 98 with the number of parts,
Except for the zener diode 7, the embodiment of FIG. 98 has the advantage of having one less diode. The addition of the smoothing capacitor described in the above item f) further reduces the number by one. The above items a) to g) can be similarly applied to the entire third invention.

Each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 98 to 101 corresponds to the power supply means of the third invention and the like, and can further reduce the voltage step-down ratio of the conventional circuit shown in FIG. Fig. 99
Each embodiment of FIG. 100 to FIG. 100 corresponds to the power supply means of claim 11. The embodiment of FIG. 102 corresponds to the power supply means of the fourth invention, and outputs the power supply voltage as it is to the load 41 by another method by applying the conventional circuit of FIG. You can do it. Each embodiment of FIGS. 103 to 110 corresponds to the power supply means of the fifth invention and the like. The number of capacitors is one, and the power supply voltage is output to the load 41 as it is.
The power supply voltage can be inverted and output.

The embodiment of the power supply means of the first invention shown in FIG. 111 is different from the embodiment of FIG. 35 in that the diodes for parallel discharge of each capacitor are replaced one by one with P and N-channel built-in diodes of power MOSFET. During the parallel discharge, the power MOS FETs are turned on. Therefore, if each on-resistance is sufficiently small, the voltage drop by the power MOS-FET at the time of the parallel discharge is not the forward voltage of the built-in diode but the on-voltage. In addition, even if their driving systems or themselves do not operate properly and all the power MOSFETs do not turn on during the parallel discharge, the parallel discharge can be performed without any trouble by the function of each built-in diode. Instead of P-channel and N-channel power MOS-FETs, "One-way controllable with self-turn-off function, with the same reverse bias voltage polarity between the control electrode and the main electrode forming a pair for the drive signal input. The directional controllable switching means can replace each one.

[0670] Finally, the following is added. a) The meaning of the circuit symbol (eg, diode 6 in FIG. 1) of each circuit component indicated by a dotted line in each circuit diagram is, of course, the case where the circuit component is absent or not connected, the case where the circuit component is present or This means that it may be connected. The same applies to each Zener diode 7 in FIG. b) In each embodiment or each derivative embodiment derived therefrom, each of the controllable switching means, which is a component thereof, is replaced by a controllable switching means (eg, NP)
PNP transistor for N transistor, etc. ) At 1
Each circuit configuration means having a voltage polarity or a voltage direction (eg, a DC power supply, a diode, etc.) is reversed, and a "symmetrical relationship with respect to the original embodiment with respect to the voltage polarity or the voltage direction" is obtained. Certain embodiments (newly derived embodiments)
Of course, it is possible. c) In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 53 to 77 and FIGS. 82 to 94, each controllable switching means is used without using each non-controllable switching means such as a diode having a large forward voltage when outputting a low voltage. MOS-FE with low ON voltage
If controllable switching means such as T is used, voltage drop and energy loss can be reduced.

D) In each of the embodiments using a MOS-FET or the like as the controllable switching means, or in each of the derivatives derived therefrom, if the normally-off controllable switching means has the same forward bias voltage polarity instead of each, , Bipolar transistor, IGB
T, SIT, GTBT (bipolar FET with a grounded grooved electrode), SI thyristor, GTO thyristor,
Anything can be used, such as a normal thyristor. If a sufficient reverse bias voltage can be supplied to it during the off control, a normally-on MOSFET having the same forward bias voltage polarity such as a junction FET, normally-on MOS FET, IGBT, SIT or SI thyristor may be used instead. Controllable switching means may be used. e) In the unidirectional switch or bidirectional switch shown in FIGS. 74 to 76, PN is used as each controllable switching means.
Although an example in which P and NPN bipolar transistors are used has been described, a normally-on controllable switching means having the same forward bias voltage polarity instead of each of the transistors is normally on.
Bipolar transistor, junction FET, IGBT, SIT, GTBT, SI irrespective of normally-off
Thyristor, GTO thyristor, ordinary thyristor, etc.
You can use anything.

F) Under the following conditions, the conditional unidirectional or bidirectional insulated switching circuit shown in FIG. 71 can be formed by applying the power supply means shown in FIG. 1) When the transistor 27 is off, the transistor 27 is connected to the minus terminal of the DC power supply 1 and the transistor 37 (load).
Can be made non-conductive in one direction. 2) Each of the diodes 36, 3, and 39 and the diode 3
4 can always be in a non-conductive state in one direction between the DC power supply 1 and the switch terminal SW1. 3) Diodes 36, 3 and 39 and diode 3 respectively
5 can always be in a non-conductive state in one direction between the DC power supply 1 and the switch terminal SW2. 4) While the transistor 27 is off, each transistor 11
And a forward bias means (eg, a capacitor, a coil, etc.) for forward biasing each of the transistors 14 can be insulated from the DC power supply 1 at least while the transistor 27 is off. However, if the normally-on type is used, a zero bias may be applied during the ON control. Therefore, a zero bias means (eg, a discharge resistor, a discharge transistor 2 shown in FIG. 60)
5th magnitude. ) May be used instead of the forward bias means. Therefore, as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 57 to 59, the above-mentioned isolated switching circuit cannot be formed from a circuit in which the input power supply is a forward bias means. It can be constructed from the embodiment of FIG. 56, the embodiment of FIGS. 60 and 61, and the like.

G) The unconditional unidirectional or bidirectional insulated switching circuit shown in FIGS.
The power supply means shown in FIGS. 68 to 68 or the power supply means shown in FIGS. 69 to 70 can be formed under the following conditions. 1) When the transistor 12 is off, the transistor 12 and the diodes 39 and 40 are connected to the positive power supply line and the load side (1
Directional or bidirectional switch) in both directions. 2) When the transistor 27 is off, the transistor 27 and the diodes 39 and 40 can make the bidirectional non-conductive state between the negative power supply line and the load side (unidirectional or bidirectional switch). 3) While the transistors 12 and 27 are off, each forward bias means (eg, a capacitor, a coil, etc.) for forward biasing each transistor 11 and each transistor 19 is insulated from the input power supply at least while the transistors 12 and 27 are off. What you can do. However, in the case of a normally-on type, voltage zero bias may be used during ON control. Therefore, voltage zero bias means (eg, a discharge resistor, a discharge transistor 25 shown in FIG. 60, etc.) is used instead of the forward bias means. May be. 4) When the unidirectional and bidirectional switches shown in FIGS. 74 to 76 are off, each switch terminal and each input terminal S6,
Ability to be non-conductive between S10 in both directions.

H) One-way, two-way switches that are normally off and turn off at zero voltage bias (eg, each base in one-way, two-way switches shown in FIGS. 74 to 76) -A discharge resistor or the above-described discharge transistor 25 or the like is connected between the emitters.) If each of them is used, each of the power supply means of the second and third inventions has the same conditional or unconditional unidirectionality as described above. Alternatively, a bidirectional insulating switching circuit can be configured. i) One-way insulating switching circuit 2 described above
One-way switching (three-terminal) switching circuits are also possible in which one is connected in series in the same direction at the switch terminals, inwards, or outwards. Further, a bidirectional insulated switching circuit in which the two unidirectional insulated switching circuits described above are connected in antiparallel at the switch terminal is also possible. Further, a bidirectional switching (three terminal) switching circuit in which the two bidirectional insulating switching circuits described above are connected in series at the switch terminal is also possible. Then, an ignition distribution circuit in which a predetermined number of series circuits of the above-described unidirectional or bidirectional switching (three terminal) switching circuit and the primary coil of the ignition coil (ignition step-up transformer) are connected in parallel is also possible. is there. It is also conceivable to apply the bidirectional switching (three-terminal) switching circuit described above to an electronic exchange. j) When the power supply means of the first invention is used for the drive circuit of the controllable switching means, if the DC voltage output from the DC voltage output means is the reverse bias voltage, the DC voltage is reduced even if the DC voltage decreases. There is an advantage that the turned off control is not affected at all by the discharged capacitance means, which does not discharge.

K) Embodiments in which the magnitudes of the forward output voltage and the reverse output voltage are almost the same as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 103 to 110 are described by using liquid crystals, piezoelectric elements, electro-luminescence, capacitive loads, MOS-FETs. IGBT, insulated gate type semiconductor controllable switching means, and other driving circuits are particularly convenient. l) Figures 60 and 61, Figures 62 and 63, Figures 69 and 7
Although the coil 20 is used as the current limiting means in each of the embodiments shown in both figures, a resistor may be used instead, or a direct connection may be made without the coil 20. Conversely, FIGS. 58, 59, 64, “FIGS. 65 and 66”, “FIGS.
Although the resistors 29 are used in the embodiments shown in both figures, there may be a case where the resistance is zero or a coil may be used instead. m) Each insulation type switching circuit of the present invention is disclosed in
2758, JP-A-2-14655, JP-A-6-2
No. 25518, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-23671, Japanese Patent Application No. 8-2
In each of the insulated power supply means disclosed in JP-A-009332, each insulated switch can be used instead of each insulated switch. n) The energy storage means shown on the right side of FIG. 15 has two diodes through which each discharge current passes at the time of discharging each capacitor as compared with those shown on the right side of FIG. 1 and the right side of FIG. 25. The advantages are that the energy loss due to the voltage drop of the diode can be reduced, the discharge current of each capacitor can be improved to concentrate on a specific diode, and the reverse application voltage of a specific diode can be particularly increased. Yes. The energy storage means of FIG. 45 has the same advantages as those of FIGS. 46 and 48. (No. 51-28601)

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] February 24, 1997

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings

[Correction method] Added

[Correction contents]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the first invention.

FIGS. 2 to 10 are circuit diagrams each showing one example of conventional power supply means.

FIGS. 11 to 44 are circuit diagrams each showing one embodiment of the first invention.

FIGS. 45 to 49 are circuit diagrams each showing one example of energy storage means which is a component of the first invention.

FIG. 50 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the first invention.

FIGS. 51 to 52 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in both figures.

FIGS. 53 to 59 are circuit diagrams each showing one embodiment of the first invention.

60 to 61 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in both figures.

62 to 63 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in both figures.

FIG. 64 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the first invention.

65 to 66 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in both figures.

67 to 68 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in both figures.

69 to 70 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in both figures.

FIG. 71 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the first invention.

72 to 74 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in which the three figures are arranged in numerical order from left to right.

FIG. 75 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the first invention in the same manner as FIG. 72 and FIG.

FIG. 76 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the first invention in the same manner as FIGS. 72 and 73, in which three figures are arranged.

77 to 88 are circuit diagrams each showing one embodiment of the first invention.

89 to 91 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the first invention in which the three figures are arranged in numerical order from left to right.

FIGS. 92 to 94 are circuit diagrams each showing one embodiment of the first invention.

FIGS. 95 to 97 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the second invention one by one.

98 to 101 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the third invention one by one.

FIG. 102 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the fourth invention.

FIGS. 103 to 110 are circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of the fifth invention one by one.

FIG. 111 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the first invention.

[Description of References] 41 Loads s1 to s10 References indicating that the conductors of the same reference sign are in a conductive state. T1 to t21 References of a reference sign that the conductors of the same reference sign are in a conductive state. Symbols indicating that they are in a conductive state x1 to x5 Symbols indicating that conductive wires having the same reference numbers are in a conductive state SW1 to SW4 Switch terminals

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI H03K 17/725 H03K 17/687 17/73 17/73

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A DC voltage output means capable of outputting or not outputting a DC voltage, a load connected in parallel with the DC voltage output means, and a plurality of built-in capacitance means at the time of energy absorption are charged in series, Energy storage means for discharging all the capacitance means in parallel at the time of energy release; and the energy storage means and the DC so that the energy storage means can absorb energy from the DC voltage output means when the DC voltage is output. Connection in which the voltage output means is connected in parallel and the energy storage means and the load are connected in parallel so that the energy storage means can output a voltage opposite to the DC voltage to the load when the DC voltage is not output. Power supply means having state switching means. 2. The power supply means according to claim 1, wherein a series circuit of an on / off switching means capable of turning on and off and a DC power supply means is used as said DC voltage output means. 3. The driving circuit for a capacitive load according to claim 1, wherein a capacitive load driven by an applied voltage is used as the load. 4. The power supply means according to claim 1, wherein a pair of a main electrode and a control electrode for driving signal input of a first controllable switching means is connected as the load. Drive circuit for control switching means. 5. A DC voltage output means capable of outputting or not outputting a DC voltage, a load connected in series with the DC voltage output means, and a plurality of built-in capacitance means at the time of energy absorption, being charged in series, Energy storage means for discharging all the capacitance means in parallel at the time of energy release; and the energy storage means and the DC so that the energy storage means can absorb energy from the DC voltage output means when the DC voltage is output. Connection in which the voltage output means is connected in parallel and the energy storage means and the load are connected in parallel so that the energy storage means can output a voltage opposite to the DC voltage to the load when the DC voltage is not output. Power supply means having state switching means. 6. The power supply means according to claim 5, wherein a series circuit of an on / off switching means capable of turning on and off and a DC power supply means is used as said DC voltage output means. 7. When a predetermined number equal to or greater than 3 is K, a DC voltage output means capable of outputting or not outputting a DC voltage, K capacitance means, and a forward direction with respect to the output voltage. A closed circuit is formed by (K-1) non-controllable switching means which are connected one by one between the K capacitance means in the same direction, and are connected to one end of the DC voltage output means. A first controllable switching means that can be turned on and off is connected between a connection point of one capacitance means and one non-controllable switching means connected to the capacitance means and the other end of the DC voltage output means. The direction of the one non-controllable switching means is aligned between one end of the one non-controllable switching means on the side opposite to the connection point and one end of the DC voltage output means. The K-th non-controllable switching means is connected, and the remaining (K-2) non-controllable switching means are connected in series with two non-controllable switching means so as to be sandwiched in the same direction (K -2) A power supply means, wherein a series circuit of a set is connected in parallel to the DC voltage output means in a reverse direction. 8. The power supply means according to claim 7, wherein a series circuit of a second controllable switching means which can be turned on / off and a DC power supply means is used as said DC voltage output means. 9. Power supply means according to claim 8, wherein said second controllable switching means is replaced by a series circuit of a first current limiting means and said second controllable switching means. 10. The power supply means according to claim 8, wherein said second controllable switching means is replaced by a first current limiting means. 11. Power supply means according to claim 8, wherein said first and second controllable switching means are replaced by one switching switching means. 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said (K-1) non-controllable switching means passes a current in one direction and performs a current limiting action on the current.
8. A device according to claim 7, wherein said current limiting means has a bidirectional current limiting function for limiting a bidirectional current.
12. Power supply means according to any one of claims 11 to 11. 13. A bipolar circuit in which at least one current limiting means is a series circuit of a resistor and a diode, and a resistance means or a constant current means is connected between a control electrode and a main electrode which do not form a pair for inputting a drive signal therefor.・ Transistor or normally-off SIT, one-way resistance means, series circuit of constant current means and diode, one-way constant current means, series circuit of coil and diode, series circuit of inductance means and diode, resistance, Two normally-off insulated gate type FETs having their drains and gates connected to their back gates and sources connected in series in the opposite direction, and two normally-on FETs or SITs having their gates and sources connected connected to each other in the opposite direction Connected in series, bidirectional resistance means, bidirectional constant current means, resistance means and inductor Or a combination of a series circuit of inductance means, a coil or an inductance means and a “period control means for controlling a period during which the DC voltage is outputted and a period during which the DC voltage is not outputted”, or at least two of them. 13. The power supply means according to claim 9, 10 or 12, wherein a combination of the power supplies is used. 14. A method according to claim 1, wherein said at least one current limiting means includes a variable current limiting means having a smaller current limiting function when said DC voltage is output than when said DC voltage is not output. The power supply means according to claim 9, 10 or 12. 15. The power supply means according to claim 14, wherein a negative resistance means is used as said variable current limiting means.