JPH10118790A - Extrusion machine for waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate maintenance/check for clogging, wear, damage, etc., of a nozzle hole, etc., by making a nozzle or a die plate of the extrusion machine of waste attachable/detachable. SOLUTION: A nozzle 4 or a die plate arranged to the end part of a forming machine main body 1 of the extrusion machine for waste is made attachable/ detachable, the nozzle 4 is made freely openable/closable with respect to the main body 1 by a link opening/closing mechanism constituting of a guide rod 11 and a link opening/closing mechanism. The link opening/closing means 12 consists of a curved plate 14, a triangle plate 15 and a vertical plate 16, the triangle plate 15 is advanced/retreated by a hydraulic cylinder 13a, a flange 5b is advanced/retreated along the guide rod 11 through a shaft 18 of the curved plate 14, opening/closing is conducted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste extruder for reducing or solidifying mixed waste such as plastics, rubbers, papers, and woods.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Wastes include various kinds of wastes such as plastics, rubbers, papers, and woods, and are discarded as a mixture thereof. Such mixed waste is landfilled in a landfill, or a combustible material is selected from the waste and converted into a regenerated fuel (RDF: Reuse Driving).
d Fuel), a treatment called volume reduction or volume reduction and solidification is performed at a landfill to perform such disposal.

[0003] For such volume reduction or volume reduction solidification, a waste extruder is generally used. This extruder
When the mixed waste previously crushed to a predetermined size is put into the molding machine main body from the hopper, the 2
A rotary shaft having two parallel screw blades is driven by a motor to send waste by the screw blades and reduce the volume or solidify by extruding from a nozzle or a die plate provided at the end of the main body while applying a compressive force. It is configured to discharge.

Since the nozzle or the die plate receives a force for extruding waste at a high pressure, a method of firmly fixing the nozzle or the die plate to a molding machine main body with a bolt or the like is adopted. FIG.
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a main part of the conventional extruder described above. 1 is a molding machine main body, 3 is a nozzle base, 4 is a nozzle, 5a, 5b
Is a flange, which is firmly fixed by bolts as shown. 10 is a common base plate. Note that a die plate may be used instead of the nozzle 4.

[0005]

By the way, wastes to be treated are sorted out in advance by mechanical sorting (sorting by magnetic force, wind force, etc.).
Although foreign materials such as metal pieces, stones, and block pieces that are likely to damage the extruder by manual selection are removed, it is impossible to completely remove them, and the inclusion of foreign materials is inevitable.

If such foreign matter is mixed, the nozzle or the die plate hole is easily clogged. Removal of such clogged foreign matter, replacement of parts such as the nozzle or the die plate due to abrasion or chipping, or a large amount of processed material. In some cases, it is necessary to frequently remove the nozzle or the die plate in order to remove the processed material when the overload is stopped by the injection.

However, as described above, since the nozzle or the die plate is firmly attached to the end of the main body by bolts or the like, it takes a long time to perform the operation, which is extremely troublesome.
Removal is often difficult without the use of special tools. The nozzle or die plate is heavy, and hoist equipment is indispensable for replacement work.

Further, since it is not easy to remove the foreign matter by removing the nozzle or the die plate, even if a small foreign matter (a sheet-like metal piece, an electric wire, a wire, etc.) is mixed, the operation itself is not impossible but the operation itself is not possible. In most cases, the operation is continued, and such small foreign matter causes abrasion, chipping, and the like of the component, which is a cause of significantly shortening the life of the component.

The present invention is directed to a conventional waste extruder in which the nozzle or the die plate is fixed, and the nozzle or the die plate is configured to be detachable, and the holes of the nozzle or the die plate are removed. Extrusion molding for waste that can be manufactured at a simple and economical cost that can easily remove the nozzle or die plate and perform maintenance and inspection or replace it with a new one even if an abnormal state such as clogging with foreign matter in the waste occurs. It is an object to provide a machine.

Another problem is that the above-mentioned waste extruder is constantly checked for any abnormal state as described above, and if an abnormal state occurs, maintenance and inspection are automatically performed to check for foreign matter. An object of the present invention is to provide a waste extruder capable of eliminating clogging and the like.

[0011]

According to the present invention, as a means for solving the above-mentioned first problem, waste introduced from an inlet is formed by a plurality of rotary shafts having screw blades provided in a molding machine main body. Compressed, transferred, and configured to reduce and solidify the volume of the nozzle or die plate attached to the end of the main body and discharge it from the hole, and the nozzle or die plate is connected to the main body through a link type opening / closing mechanism. It was a waste extruder that was removably provided at the end.

Further, as means for solving the second problem, waste introduced from an inlet is compressed and transferred by a plurality of rotating shafts having screw blades provided in a molding machine main body,
The volume or volume is reduced and solidified and discharged from the hole of the nozzle or the die plate attached to the end of the main body, and the nozzle or the die plate is detachable from the end of the main body via a link type opening / closing mechanism. When the nozzle or die plate hole is clogged with foreign matter, worn or chipped, or overloaded with excess waste, the abnormal condition is detected by a signal from the detector. The waste extruder equipped with a control unit for controlling the drive unit was employed.

In the waste extruder according to the first aspect of the present invention, the basic operation of extruding waste is the same as that of the conventional example. The waste is transferred while being compressed, and is extruded from a nozzle or a die plate by the transfer force to reduce or solidify the volume to a predetermined shape and extrude.

The waste thus extruded is:
Although they are disposed of in landfills or reused as regenerated fuel, they are actually cut at predetermined lengths and stacked and transported out of the landfill to facilitate handling during such treatment. You.

[0015] During the continuous extrusion or extrusion of the waste with volume reduction or volume reduction, small foreign substances such as metal pieces, electric wires and wires contained in the waste are removed to some extent in advance. However, since they cannot be completely removed, they are forced to pass through the holes of the nozzle or the die plate during extrusion, so that the nozzle or the die plate is clogged, worn, or chipped. In addition, the motor may be overloaded due to excessive waste.

Even in such a state, in the extrusion molding machine of the present invention, since the nozzle or the die plate is detachable from the molding machine main body by the link type opening / closing mechanism, the nozzle or the die plate can be easily removed. Maintenance.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste extruder comprising:
The extruder of the invention of the invention is provided with a detector for detecting an abnormality and a control unit for driving a drive unit of the link type opening / closing mechanism, so that when an abnormality occurs in the extruder, it is automatically detected. Then, according to the detection signal, the nozzle or the die plate is automatically opened / closed via the control unit, so that the maintenance and inspection are almost automated.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall schematic side view of a waste extruder according to an embodiment. As shown in the figure, the extruder is provided with two rotating shafts having screw blades (not shown) in a hollow molding machine main body 1 in parallel with each other, and wastes fed from a feeder (not shown) provided above the hopper 2. One end of the body 1 is provided with a funnel-shaped nozzle base 3 and a nozzle 4 provided at the tip thereof, the center of which is on an extension of the center line of the two rotation shafts. They are provided to match.

Reference numeral 5a denotes an end flange of the main body 1, and 5b denotes a flange of the nozzle base 3. The flange 5b is connected to and separated from the main body 1 by a link type opening / closing mechanism 6 so that the nozzle 4 is separated from the main body 1. It is provided so that it can be attached and detached. The details will be described later. Although the nozzle 4 may be replaced with a die plate, the nozzle 4 will be described below as a representative for convenience of explanation.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a gear box, 8 denotes a connecting shaft, 9 denotes a shaft coupling, and 10 denotes a common base, on which the main constituent members are fixedly installed. Although not shown, a speed reducer and a motor for rotating the speed reducer are connected to the shaft coupling 9, but are omitted for simplification of the drawing.

The link type opening / closing mechanism 6 has a guide rod 11 for opening and closing the flange 5b so as to be able to approach and separate from the flange 5a as shown in FIGS. The link opening / closing means 12 is opened / closed by a drive unit using the hydraulic cylinder 13 as an actuator. The link opening / closing means 12 sandwiches the curved plate 14 between two triangular plates 15, 15,
The tip of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is connected to the two triangular plates 15, and the outside of the triangular plate is sandwiched between two vertical plates 16 so as to be rotatable. The two vertical plates 16 are provided on the side wall of the main body 1. It is fixed by a horizontal mounting plate 17.

One end of the curved plate 14 is rotatably attached to the side of the flange 5b by a shaft 18, and the other end of the shaft 1
The triangular plates 15 and 15 are rotatably connected to the triangular plates 15 and 15 with one of the tops of the triangular plates 15 and 15 being rotatable about a shaft 20 with respect to the vertical plate 16, and the other of the tops is provided with a shaft. The distal end of the piston of the cylinder 13 is rotatably connected via 21. The cylinder 13 is also mounted rotatably about the shaft 22 below the vertical plate 16.

FIG. 5A shows a detailed configuration in which the guide rod 11 is passed through a bearing 23 so that the flange 5b can be slidably moved with respect to the guide rod 11. FIG. 5B shows two flanges 5a.
5b shows the details of the cross section at the junction. As shown in the figure, the joining surface is formed to be bent at the center of the cross section of both flanges.

The waste extruder of this embodiment having the above-described structure operates as follows. The basic operation of the extruder is the same as that of the conventional extruder. When the waste is dropped from a feeder (not shown), the extruder receives the waste through the hopper 2 and rotates with the screw blades inside the main body 1 of the molding machine. Compressed and transferred between shafts.

As described above, the waste is composed of a mixture of plastics, rubbers, papers, woods, and the like, and foreign substances such as metal pieces, electric wires, and wires are removed as much as possible by mechanical sorting or manual sorting. Although crushed to a size smaller than a predetermined size, some foreign substances cannot be removed and are included.

When the mixed waste containing such foreign matter is extruded from the nozzle, the foreign matter is clogged in the nozzle hole and cannot be extruded. Wear or chipping may occur, and the drive motor may be overloaded due to excessive loading of waste into the extruder.

In such a case, in the extruder, the abnormal state can be recovered by the link opening / closing mechanism 6 in a short time with almost no human intervention, and the operation can be returned to the normal operation.

When the above abnormal state occurs, the feeder and the extruder (not shown) are stopped, and the hydraulic cylinder 1
3, the link opening / closing means 12 is driven to open the flange 5b of the nozzle base 3 from the flange 5a of the main body 1. The operation state is shown in FIG.

When the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is extended, the triangular plate 15 rotates about the shaft 20 so that the flange 5b, which is normally closed in FIG.
The curved plate 14 connected by the arrow moves to the position shown by the solid line while rotating. The curved plate 14 is connected to the flange 5 by a shaft 18.
b, and the flange 5b is fitted so as to be guided by the guide rod 11.

Accordingly, the rotation of the curved plate 14 causes the flange 5b to move linearly from the flange 5a and to be released. When closing the flange 5b, the hydraulic cylinder 13 may be contracted, and the flange 5b may be moved and closed by an operation reverse to the above.

Although the flange 5b is closed and a force for extruding the waste inside the main body from the nozzle 4 during the normal operation of the extruder always acts on the flange 5b, as shown in FIG. In the closed state, the axis 2 of the triangular plate 15
The connection points of the triangular plate 15 and the axes 18, 19, 20 of the triangular plate 15 and the bending plate 14 are provided in advance so that the position of 0 is located above a straight line passing through the position of the axis 19 of the triangular plate 15 and the axis 18 of the bending plate 14. I have.

Therefore, even if the internal pressure for releasing the flange 5b is applied, the releasing force of the flange 5b due to the internal pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinder 13 via the curved plate 14 and the triangular plate 15.
Acting in the direction of compressing the piston, and against the flange releasing force, the flange 5b is not easily released.

FIG. 7 shows the structure and operation of another embodiment of the link type opening / closing mechanism 6. As shown in FIG. (A) shows a state in which the flange 5b is closed, and (b) shows a state in which the flange 5b is released. In this embodiment, the curved plate 14 is the parallel link plate 1.
4 ', the vertical plate 16 is a vertical trapezoidal plate 16', and the vertical trapezoidal plate 16 'is provided on the common base plate 10 slightly apart from the nozzle 4 instead of the main body 1. This is basically the same as the embodiment.

8 and FIG. 9, the nozzle 4 of the waste extruder of the embodiment described above is clogged with foreign matter, abrasion or chipping occurs, or waste is thrown into the main body 1 in an overloaded state. FIG. 4 shows a block diagram and a flowchart of a method for automatically releasing the nozzle 4 and the nozzle base 3 from the main body 1 and performing an automatic maintenance operation to eliminate the cause of the abnormal state.

Reference numeral 30 denotes a control circuit for automatically controlling the extruder for performing the above-mentioned automatic maintenance work. For example, a microcomputer or a sequencer is used. 3
Reference numeral 1 denotes a timer for setting the elapse of a predetermined time in the control sequence by the control circuit 30, 32 a motor current detector, and 33 a vibration detector for detecting vibration of the main body 1.

As the vibration detector 33, for example, an acceleration sensor is used. Numeral 34 denotes an electromagnetic valve for flowing and shutting off the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump, numerals 35 to 37 denote motors, and numeral 38 denotes a hydraulic pump.

A feeder 40 for charging waste is provided on the hopper 2 of the extruder, and is schematically illustrated for convenience of operation. The waste put on the conveyor 41 of the feeder 40 from the hopper 42 is discharged from the outlet 43 to the hopper 2 of the extruder.

The control operation of the control circuit will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. When the control is started, the lapse of a predetermined time in first step S ₀ Step S ₀ even if the presence or absence of abnormality in the control system there is no abnormality is checked in 'is checked. Check for this abnormality or the elapse of a certain time
It depends on one of the signals from the current detector 32, the vibration detector 33, and the timer 31.

If the waste is clogged in the nozzle 4 or is excessively charged, the screw conveyor of the extruder naturally becomes overloaded, and the current for driving the motor 36 exceeds the normal state and becomes excessive. In addition, when small foreign matter passes through the nozzle, the nozzle hole may be abnormally worn, or the main body 1 may vibrate abnormally if the foreign matter is forcibly passed by the extrusion internal pressure while being caught in such a way as to cause chipping.

The timer 31 advances the flow to the maintenance inspection route in the middle of the control flow in order to prevent a trouble every predetermined time (for example, 30 minutes or 1 hour) during normal operation regardless of the presence or absence of the abnormal state. It is for removing foreign matter. It is necessary to check the nozzle 4 if there is any one of such abnormal state or time lapse state. Therefore, even if there is no abnormality, if the elapse of a predetermined time is detected in step S ₀ ′, step SS ₁ proceeds to the maintenance operation flowchart below, if also the course of the abnormal state or the predetermined time activates the feeder 40 in step S _1, performs conventional extrusion molding operation by starting the extruder after a predetermined time. Stop signal in step S ₂ is repeated extrusion work unless entered.

Either one of the above abnormal states or elapsed time
One even when it is detected the process proceeds to step SS _1, first, the motor 35 of the feeder 40 is stopped and then stops the motor 36 of the extruder. And the solenoid valve in step SS _{3 3}
A signal is sent to the nozzle 4 to operate the hydraulic cylinder 13 to release the nozzle 4 from the main body 1 together with the nozzle base 3.

In a state where the nozzle 4 is released, it is checked whether or not foreign matter is clogged in the nozzle 4, the nozzle base 3, or the main body 1, and the foreign matter is removed. Discharge material manually. When the nozzle hole is abnormally worn or missing, the nozzle 4 and the nozzle base 3 may be replaced with new ones.

[0043] Thus, the cause of the abnormality is removed, such as nozzle 4 or nozzle base 3, is rotated forward the extruder in step SS ₄ as it is, the time for a predetermined time at Step SS ₅ (e.g., about 10 seconds) passed an extruder is stopped at step SS ₆ wait in turn reverses the extruder in step SS _7.

After the extruder is reversed, step S
Waiting for a lapse of a predetermined time period in S _8, to check the internal operation of the extruder stops the extruder in step SS _9.

[0045] mounting the nozzle 4 to the main body 1 after verification step SS ₁₀ of internal operation. This operation is performed in a procedure reverse to the above-described opening operation of the nozzle 4. When the nozzle 4 is mounted, the extruder is driven in the forward direction in step SS _11, then the feeder 40 also resumes operation in step SS _12. Unless a stop command in step SS _13, resumes normal operation returns to the beginning of the control. When the stop command is out especially it is stopped at step SS _14.

In the above control operation, unless the nozzle is replaced, the maintenance and inspection are performed according to a preset program with little manual intervention.

[0047]

As described in detail above, the first and the second
The waste extruder according to the invention is characterized in that the waste is fed by a rotary shaft having screw blades, and a nozzle or a die plate of the extruder for solidifying or reducing the volume through a nozzle at the end of the main body of the molding machine or a hole of the die plate. Since the link-type opening / closing mechanism is detachable from the end of the main body, even if foreign matter is clogged, worn, or damaged by the nozzle or the die plate, the foreign matter can be easily removed by removing the nozzle or the die plate.

In the third invention, the extruder of the first and second inventions has a detector for detecting an abnormality and a control unit for controlling the link opening / closing mechanism based on the detection signal. The advantage is that the above-mentioned abnormal state is automatically detected, and the signal is used to control the link opening / closing mechanism via the control unit to perform automatic maintenance and inspection.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic side view of an extruder for waste.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a main part of the above.

FIG. 3 is a front view as viewed from an arrow III-III in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of the above.

FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a cross section of a guide rod and a nozzle base according to the same.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the above.

FIG. 7 is a view of another embodiment of the link type opening / closing mechanism.

FIG. 8 is an overall block diagram of an operation control circuit of the extrusion molding machine.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an automatic maintenance and inspection operation.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a main part of a conventional waste extrusion molding machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Forming machine main body 2 Hopper 3 Nozzle base 4 Nozzle 5 Flange 6 Link type opening / closing mechanism 7 Gear box 11 Guide rod 12 Link opening / closing means 13 Hydraulic cylinder 14 Curved plate 15 Triangular plate 16 Vertical plate

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waste fed from an inlet is compressed and transferred by a plurality of rotating shafts having screw blades provided in a molding machine main body, and a hole of a nozzle or a die plate attached to an end of the main body. A waste extruder, wherein the nozzle or die plate is detachably provided at an end of a main body via a link type opening / closing mechanism. 2. The link type opening / closing mechanism wherein a guide rod for horizontally guiding a nozzle or a die plate and at least two link plates are rotatably combined, and the ends thereof are rotatably mounted on the nozzle or the die plate. Has,
2. The extruder for waste according to claim 1, wherein the link plate is rotated by a driving means to open and close the nozzle or the die plate. 3. A compression machine for transferring waste material input from an inlet through a plurality of rotary shafts having screw blades provided in a molding machine main body, and through a hole of a nozzle or a die plate attached to an end of the main body. The nozzle or the die plate is configured to be detachably provided at an end of the main body via a link type opening / closing mechanism, so that the volume is reduced or the volume is solidified and discharged.
If the nozzle or the die plate hole is clogged with foreign matter, worn or chipped, or overloaded with excessive waste, the drive unit of the link-type opening / closing mechanism is triggered by a signal from the detector that detects the abnormal state. A waste extruder comprising a control unit for controlling.