JPH10117501A - Subsoil improving work system by material-incorporated subsoil and work machine therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a work system and a work machine suitable for the case of converting a paddy field to an upland field and the case of improving a wet rice field to a dry one. SOLUTION: A subsoiler provided with the function of pressurizing the side wall of an excavating groove is provided, a filling groove for feeding a material- incorporated subsoil as one of filer materials is formed by it, the material- incorporated subsoil is fed while moving it in the filling groove and it is compressed from the above by a compression wheel 32 moved in the filling groove. Further, it is compressed by the restoration soil pressure of the side wall of the excavating groove as well, a water holding layer in a compaction state is formed in a subsoil layer and thus, subsoil is improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a subsoil improvement work method using a cored soil material and a working machine thereof, and more particularly, to a so-called permeable drainage system for improving soil having poor water retention and improving water retention. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a field soil improvement method suitable for improving soil to good soil and a working machine convenient for carrying out the work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a cross-sectional structure of a field has a subsoil layer on the outermost surface, a cultivation layer below the soil layer, and a subsoil layer that does not allow any moisture to pass therethrough. It is composed of layers. Ideally, when growing crops, the soil layer should always contain adequate moisture and be of sufficient depth.

[0003] For example, in recent years, rice fields have been converted to field fields by adjusting rice production. However, unlike field rice, field crops are severely affected by flooding, and thus the converted field fields are affected by the surface of the soil. Water must be reliably excluded. By the way, in paddy fields, especially paddy fields with heavy clay soil, the subsoil layer solidifies due to treading and the use of large tractors, and soil properties such as air permeability, water permeability, and water retention deteriorate, and Each year, the tillage layer is made shallow by the rotary cultivation that is repeated every year, and the cultivation layer, which is a poorly permeable layer, is formed below it.

[0004] Even if a culvert is provided below the cultivation layer, if there is a large amount of rainfall, the soil layer on the surface of the ground will become stagnant due to stagnant water and become so-called muddy. Sisters,
Conversely, if there is no rainfall for a long period of time, the cultivation layer hinders the suction of moisture from the lower part of the soil below the soil layer, and the soil layer may become dry and cause drought.

Therefore, when the above-mentioned paddy field is converted to a field, the cultivated layer having poor water permeability and water retention is destroyed, and the subsoil layer thereunder is further expanded. By doing so, it is necessary to improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and to make the soil cultivation depth desired for field crops, for example, 20 to 30 cm.

[0006] From such a viewpoint, conventionally, in order to convert a paddy field to an upland field, the subsoil layer is destroyed by the subsoil crusher, the subsoil layer is softened, and then the plow is used to plow the soil. A method of inverting, or a method of cultivating and inverting a soil layer and a tillage layer together with a subsoil plow to make the subsoil layer soft and soft is adopted.

Further, in order to remove surface water from the soil layer well, a trencher having a depth of 50 cm is perpendicular to the existing culvert.
A method of digging a groove of ６０60 cm and manually putting rice hulls as a cored soil material into the groove to improve the water permeability of the field has been performed. In addition, a rice hull filling hopper is attached to the upper part of the bullet culvert excavator, and the rice hull in the hopper is forcibly blown into the pit groove of the bullet culvert through the combination of the tractor and the blower driven by the PTO drive to fill. Culvert construction machines are also known.

[0008]

In the prior art described above, the method of crushing the subsoil layer by the subsoil crusher is as follows. The required horsepower to crush the soil at the same time is large, and the subsoil layer is crushed as a whole, so that it contains a large amount of water and solidifies in two to three years due to the pressure of the tractor etc. There was a problem that was lost.

In the method using a subsoil plow, the plow can be destroyed by plowing the soil layer and the tillage layer together with the plow, but the plow is destroyed in the same manner as in the subsoil crusher. There was a problem that the consolidation of the subsoil was quick.

In addition, the method of excavating a ditch with a trencher and manually introducing rice hulls is costly and labor-intensive, and cannot crush the cultivated layer and the subsoil layer other than the traces of the trencher. There was a problem that it was necessary to crush the soil layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the rice hull filling bullet culvert construction machine can reduce the cost and labor for forming a rice hull culvert compared to the trencher described above, but cannot crush the cultivation layer and the subsoil layer other than the passage part of the coplar. Therefore, there was a problem similar to that of the trencher.

[0012] Further, even though the material core soil material is filled into the deep groove formed in the core soil layer, only the material core soil material is dropped by gravity. The subsoil material is merely piled up in the groove. In any case, according to the conventional improved construction method, in order to improve the water retention of the soil, it is attempted to make the soil layer as thick as possible to increase the water-retainable portion as much as possible. However, in the agricultural work in Japan, which is the mainstream, not only can the soil layer not be deepened, but also the formation of the cultivation layer is promoted, and the field environment is deteriorated.

[0013] Originally, rotary tillage tends to form an extremely poorly permeable tillage layer beneath the soil layer, and there is naturally a limit even if the tillage depth is increased. There is no change to forming the tillage layer,
It is not enough to improve the water retention of the subsoil layer.

However, some attempts have been made to increase the water retention of the subsoil layer. For example, a timber subsoil improvement cultivation method developed at the Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station in Hokkaido has been proposed. (Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7-24485) is a large-scale device, and the actual condition is that the water retention performance has not been sufficiently improved in relation to the tractor track. This has a problem that the tractor rut passes after the water retaining material is put in, so that the portion of the tractor is stiffened and the water retaining material does not function sufficiently.

Therefore, the present invention is not only for solving the above-mentioned problems, but also for converting from a paddy field to an upland field, and further improving the paddy field to a suitable field suitable for rice cultivation. By providing a soil improvement method that is easy to construct, inexpensive, and able to increase the sustainability of the improvement effect, and a work machine suitable for the work, it has excellent drainage, excellent water retention, and excellent rainfall. The purpose is to keep the field in the best condition, even in the case of long-term sunshine.

In other words, the present invention not only destroys the tillage layer but also fills the subsoil layer with a highly water-retained core material and compresses them to form a dense water retention layer. Can be formed, and the water retention of the whole field can be improved.

[0017]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention has a subsoiler having a function of pressing a side wall of a digging groove, thereby using a filling groove for charging a core material. Is formed, and the cored earth material is charged while moving into the filling groove, and is compressed from above by the compression wheel moving in the filling groove, and is also compressed by the restored earth pressure on the side wall of the excavation groove. , Is to improve the subsoil by forming a water retention layer in a compacted state in the subsoil layer,
Also, a hopper of material core soil material mounted on a work machine frame that can be mounted on a tractor, supply means for sending material core soil material in the hopper, and material core material supply means Filling groove forming means for forming a filling groove for receiving the material core soil material supplied from the container, resisting the lateral earth pressure, a compression wheel for compressing the supplied material core earth material from above, The wheel is forcibly driven, and a gauge wheel for determining the working depth of the filling groove forming means is arranged in the working width direction, so that the input cored core material is pressed from above by the compression wheel, and It is suitable for forming a compacted rice husk layer in a subsoil layer using pressure to improve subsoil.

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a description will be given of a construction of a working machine which is convenient for implementing the system of the present invention, and the system will be described. First, FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side view of a soil improvement working machine according to the present invention, and reference numeral 10 denotes a trench work machine.
The frame 11 is provided with a mast 12 for attaching an upper link and a cross shaft 13 for attaching a lower link at a front end thereof.
Above is a hopper 1 for storing rice husk as a core material
The hopper 13 has a bottom 13A which is formed in a rotatable shape when viewed from the side, and a screw conveyor 14 is disposed at the bottom along the working width direction. This conveyor 14 is a rice hull Mo represented as a timber core material.
In order to collect the central part in the working width direction, the central part is symmetrical on the left and right, that is, the so-called feed is in the opposite direction. At the central position, there is a vertical conveyor 15 for forcibly dropping the rice hulls Mo in a substantially vertical direction. The conveyor 15 is housed in a duct 16. The duct 16 reaches a space X surrounded by side plates 23 of a digging section 20 described later so as to reach an inside of a digging groove Z described later. These conveyors 14 and 15 are driven via a hydraulic motor M by pressure oil supplied from a hydraulic take-out portion of the tractor.

The lower end of the duct 16 extends to the rear of a beam 21 which constitutes a digging section 20 which will be described later. A chisel 22 is fixed to the lower end. A side plate 23 whose one end is fixed to the beam 21 extends rearward of the beam 21 in such a state as to form a space sandwiching the beam 21, and a space X is formed between the side plates 23. Is formed. The end of the duct 16 is open in this space X, and the vertical conveyor 1 located inside
The rice hulls Mo are supplied into the space X by the feeding action of 5, and the supplied rice hulls Mo can be smoothly supplied to the interior of the space X by the guides 17 and fall. I have.

The excavation section 20 removes the soil of the subsoil layer from the beam 21.
Are cut, and then the side plate 2 extending rearward of the beam 21
3 and 23 are expanded to the left and right sides against the elasticity of the soil.
Thus, a wider excavation groove, in other words, a filling groove Z for rice hulls, is formed by the medium 21.

Further, the rice hull filling portion 3 is located on the frame 10 at a position behind the excavating portion 20 in the working direction.
The compression wheel 31 and the gage wheel 32 as 0 are the arm 3
3, which are fixed to a concentric support shaft 34, and both ends of the support shaft 34 are rotatable with respect to the arm 33.
1. The gage wheel 32 is integrated with the support shaft 34. Therefore, when the gage wheel 32 rotates, the compression wheel 31 is forcibly rotated.

The dimension D of the compression wheel 31 is larger than the diameter d of the gage wheel 32, and the width thereof is
0 is smaller than the width of the excavation groove formed in the soil, the so-called chaff filling groove Z. Therefore, in the state where the rice husks are initially charged, the rice hulls are merely in a laminated state, but by moving the compression wheel 31 while rotating the surface of the rice hulls, the rice hulls Mo are compressed and become compacted. Forms a relatively hard rice husk layer.

At both rear ends of the frame 11, support arms 18 are erected, and the support arms 18 support both ends of a step 19 on which an operator is placed. An arm 34 is attached to a lower central position of the step 19, and a measuring wheel 36 is rotatably attached to a lower end portion thereof via a support arm 35. This measuring wheel 3
6 moves into the excavation groove S while rotating the surface of the filled rice hull Mo in a compressed state, and moves the amount of the filled rice hull, in other words, the height of the rice hull, up and down movement of the measuring wheel 36. And the amount can be confirmed within the field of view of the tractor operator.

Therefore, when the supply amount of the rice hulls is insufficient and a space is formed in the excavation groove S, the measuring arm 36 falls down, and the support arm 35 rotates in the vertical direction. This rotation is transmitted to an operator of the tractor via a wire or the like. The means of transmission is optical,
It is possible to arbitrarily select an electrical device for electrically turning on the lamp, or a format in which the vertical movement of the wire is simply visually recognized as the vertical movement of the landmark.

In the above description, rice hulls are taken as an example of cored soil material. However, bark compost, volcanic ash, and wood chip materials, which are highly water-retentive, should be used as cored soil material. Can be done. The cored soil material in this description has a broad meaning, and a material having a function as a hydrophobic material can provide better results. For example, pulverized resin particles, sand (not strictly defined, those having a particle size of ordinary sand, sand defined by the Japan Society of Civil Engineers up to 2 mm in diameter), etc. are used. Is done.

Next, the actual operation will be described. First, the work machine 10 is mounted on the tractor in the same manner as the conventional work system. When the work machine 10 starts moving from the ground contact state, the tractor advances and the bead of the excavation section 20 is moved.
The water 21 reaches the inside of the soil by suction, and a filling groove Z for charging rice husks into the soil in the field is formed as the operation proceeds. The filling groove Z has a width H against the elasticity of the soil. The rice hulls are filled inside the filling groove Z having the width H, and the filled rice hulls Mo are brought into a compacted state by receiving the side pressure of the filling groove Z, in other words, the pressure due to the resilient pressure of the soil.

Further, the compression wheel 31 having a width h smaller than the width H of the filling groove Z moves while rotating on the surface of the rice hull Mo in the filling groove Z, and has a diameter D larger than that of the gauge wheel 32 (diameter d). As a result, the peripheral speed is high, so that the rice hulls are sunk into the filling groove Z while compressing the rice hull until the peripheral speed becomes equal to the rotational peripheral speed of the gage wheel 32. This gives rice husk M
The o is subjected to pressure from the side surface and from the upper surface, so that the inside of the filling groove is in a compacted state, and the absorbing power of the surplus water in the field is further improved. In other words,
Water retention will also increase. At this time, the size of the rice hull layer is compressed to a lower position from the surface of the field, but the soil in the portion above the level of the rice hull is later reversely plowed by plow.

According to the working method of the present invention, the state of the cross section of the field at the end of the work by the working machine is that a wall made of rice hulls Mo, which is a timber core material, is formed in the subsoil layer. In other words, a portion capable of absorbing moisture is formed inside the subsoil layer having poor water retention.

If the size of the excavation part 20 is large, a large tractor is required, but a wide excavation groove can be formed. And burying of culvert pipes at the same time.

[0030]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the working method and the working machine of the present invention, not only the cored soil material such as hydrophobic material is simply put into the filling groove formed in the field. This can be compacted to form a highly dense water retention layer efficiently.
The cored earth material is pressed from above by the compression wheel driven by the forcibly driven means including the diwheel, and furthermore, the filling groove formed by the excavation part against the elasticity of the soil reduces the restored earth pressure. Since the cored timber is pressed from the side, a water retaining layer having a higher density can be formed, and excellent effects can be expected in reforming wetlands and maintaining and maintaining fields.

Even if the rainfall is large and water accumulates on the surface of the soil layer, since the water retention performance of the subsoil layer in the field is improved, the rainwater that has passed through the Can reach the subsoil layer and retain water.Also, the roots of the crop can grow to the subsoil layer. This has the effect of increasing the number of pixels.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a working machine suitable for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway explanatory view of a working state suitable for carrying out the present invention, viewed from the rear in a working state.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory perspective view showing a working state of a working machine suitable for carrying out the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Work machine 11 Frame 12 Mast 13 Hopper 14 Conveyor 15 Vertical conveyor 29 Excavation part 21 Beam 22 Chisel 23 Side plate 30 Filling part 31 Gauge wheel 32 Compression wheel Z Filling groove Mo Core material X Excavation Department space

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 22, 1996

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All figures

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

FIG. 2

FIG. 3

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A subsoiler having a function of pressing a side wall of an excavation groove, thereby forming a filling groove into which a core material as one of hydrophobic materials is charged, and forming a filling groove while moving into the filling groove. The cored soil material is put in, compressed from above by the compression wheel that moves in the filling groove, and also compressed by the restored earth pressure on the side wall of the excavation groove, so that the water retaining layer in the compacted state is formed in the core soil layer. A subsoil improvement work method characterized by performing subsoil improvement by forming the above. 2. A hopper of a material core soil material as one of hydrophobic materials mounted on a working machine frame that can be mounted on a tractor, and a supply means for sending the material core soil material in the hopper. Filling groove forming means for forming a filling groove for supplying the material core soil material supplied from the material core soil material supplying means against the side earth pressure; and A compression wheel that compresses from above and a gage wheel that determines the working depth of the filling groove forming means are arranged in the working width direction while forcibly driving this compression wheel, and the filled core material is compressed by the compression wheel. A subsoil improving work machine suitable for performing a subsoil improvement by forming a layer of a compacted core material in a subsoil layer from above and using the restored earth pressure of a filling groove.