JP3529111B2 - Field soil improvement method and device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for improving soil in a field and an apparatus therefor, and more specifically, a method for improving soil in a field suitable for improving the soil so as to improve the water retention. And its device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, the cross-sectional structure of a field has a soil layer on the outermost surface, a plow layer on the lower layer, and a subsoil layer which does not allow any moisture to pass on the lower layer. It is composed of layers. For the growth of crops, it is ideal that the soil layer always contains an appropriate amount of water and has sufficient depth.

For example, taking a paddy field as an example, in recent years rice fields have been adjusted to convert paddy fields into upland fields. However, unlike paddy rice, upland crops suffer a great damage when flooded, so the upland fields are converted. The field should be able to reliably remove surface water from the soil. by the way,
Paddy fields, especially in paddy fields with heavy clay soil, the soil soil layer is solidified due to trampling due to the use of large tractors and occultation, and soil physical properties such as breathability, water permeability, and water retention become poor. By repeated rotary tillage, the soil layer becomes shallow, and the cultivator layer, which is a poorly permeable layer, is formed below it.

Even if a culvert is provided below the cultivator bed layer, if there is a large amount of rainfall, stagnation water will be generated in the soil layer on the surface of the soil, resulting in overhumidity and a so-called mud state. Sisters,
On the other hand, if there is no rainfall for a long period of time, the cultivating layer hinders the uptake of water from the soil layer to the lower layer, and the soil layer becomes dry and may cause drought.

Therefore, when the above-mentioned paddy field is converted into a field field, the cultivating layer, which has poor water permeability and water retention, is destroyed, and the subsoil layer below it is expanded and softened. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil and make the soil depth to a depth desirable for upland crops, for example, 20 to 30 cm.

From such a point of view, conventionally, in order to convert a paddy field into a field field, the plow layer is destroyed with a subsoil crusher, the subsoil layer is softened, and then the soil is cultivated with a plow. A method of inverting or a method of plowing and reversing the soil layer and the plow layer together with a subsoil plowing plow, and making the subsoil layer soften is adopted.

[0007] In order to improve the removal of surface water from the soil layer, a trencher is provided with a depth of 50 cm perpendicular to the existing underdrain.
Dig a groove of ~ 60cm, put the chaff into the groove manually,
Methods have been implemented to improve the permeability of fields. In addition, a rice husk insertion hopper is attached to the upper part of the bullet culvert excavator, and by combination with a blower driven by the PTO of the tractor, the rice husk in the hopper is forcibly blown into and filled in the chaff of the bullet culvert. An underdrain construction machine is also known.

[0008]

In the above-mentioned conventional technique, the method of crushing the subsoil layer with a subsoil crushing machine is such that, in the case of heavy clay soil, the columbar has two layers, a subsoil layer and a soil layer. The horsepower required for crushing the soil at the same time is large, and as a result of the crushing of the subsoil layer as a whole, a large amount of water is contained and it is solidified within 2-3 years by the trampling pressure of the tractor, etc. There was a problem of disappearing.

In the method using plows for subsoil cultivation, the plow can be destroyed by plowing and reversing the soil layer and the plow layer together with the plow, but the plows are crushed similarly to the case of the subsoil crusher. There was a problem that the soil layer was solidified quickly.

In addition, the method of excavating a groove with a trencher and inputting the rice husks manually requires a large amount of cost and labor, and the cultivating layer and the subsoil layer other than the passage marks of the trencher cannot be crushed. There was a problem that it became necessary to crush the soil layer.

Furthermore, the rice husk-filled bullet culvert construction machine can reduce the cost and labor for forming the husk culvert compared to the above-mentioned trencher, but cannot crush the cultivator layer and subsoil layer other than the passage portion of the colander. Therefore, there was a problem similar to the case of the trencher.

In any case, according to the conventional improved construction method,
In order to improve the water retention of soil, it has been attempted to make the soil layer as thick as possible and to increase the water-retainable area as much as possible. The fact is that not only can the layers not be deepened, but also the formation of the plow layer is promoted, which leads to the deterioration of the field environment.

Originally, rotary cultivation had a tendency to form a cultivator layer with extremely poor water permeability below the soil layer, and even if the depth of digging was deep, there was a limit and the lower layer of the soil layer was unavoidable. There is no change in forming the plow layer, the plow layer,
It is insufficient to improve the water retention of the subsoil layer.

However, although some attempts have been made to increase the water retention capacity of the subsoil layer, for example, a timber subsoil improvement cultivation method has been proposed at the Hokkaido Tategamigawa Agricultural Experiment Station, but the device This is a large scale operation, and the water retention performance has not been sufficiently improved due to the relationship with the tractor's ruts.
This is because the ruts of the tractor pass after the water retention material has been put into it, so that the part of the rudder is stiffened and the water retention material does not exhibit its full function.

Therefore, the present invention solves some of the problems described above and improves the field, and further the paddy field, to a field suitable for upland crops. Therefore, the construction is simple, the cost is low, and the improving effect is improved. Not only providing a soil improvement tillage method that can improve the sustainability of soil, and a working machine that can continuously perform the method at one time, but also fully exhibiting the function of the water retaining material. The purpose is to be able to.

In other words, the present invention is not limited to the destruction of the plow layer, and it is an object of the present invention to improve the water retention of the whole soil by adding a material core soil material excellent in water retention to the soil layer. It is what

[0017]

In order to solve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides, in a time-series manner, a step of spraying a material-bearing subsoil material on the surface of a field, and then a plowing with a bottom. The step of raising and inverting, the step of forming a deep groove in the gravel groove formed by the bottom in the above step with a ditcher such as a Ditcher, and collecting the cored soil material scattered on the surface of the uncultivated field with a scraper Through the step of accommodating and accommodating in the deep groove and the step of forming the gravel groove by the bottom next to the deep groove formed by the groove digging machine, a layer having good water retention in the subsoil layer having poor water retention, water flow and air permeability It is characterized by improving the water retention of the whole field by forming the water. It improves the water retention of the entire field by forming a water-retaining, water-passing and air-permeable layer in the subsoil layer. Can be made.

Further, a groove excavator for forming a deep groove in a gravel bottom formed by a bottom in order from the top along the traveling direction,
A scraper blade that collects the material-bearing soil material scattered on the field surface and stores the material-bearing soil material in a deep groove formed by a ditcher, and a bottom disposed behind the scraper blade, and , A groover in order from the reversal side along these working width directions, a scraper blade, and an array of bottoms behind the scraper blades, in the height direction from the field surface side of the scraper blade, the bottom, of the groover It is characterized in that it is arranged in order, which allows the work to be completed in one step and allows for efficient work, and also the trenches to be formed above and below the frame that constitutes this working device. It is equipped with a machine, scraper blade, and bottom so that it can be used reversibly. It is possible to carry out the improvement work continuously in Rukoto.

[0019]

Therefore, according to the present invention, a slit-like deep groove is formed in the gravel bottom of the gravel groove formed by the bottom by a ditcher such as a ditcher, and the bark compost previously sprayed on the field surface, Volcanic ash, rice husks, wood chips, sand, foamed styrol, etc. To be stored.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of a standard type, not a reversible type, which is convenient for carrying out the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and use of the apparatus. The method will be described together with. First, FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side view of a soil improvement apparatus according to the present invention. Reference numeral 10 indicates a frame constituting the apparatus, and a mast 11 for attaching an upper link and a lower link for attaching an upper link are attached to a front end portion of the frame 10. A front frame 12 is provided, and a coater 13 is arranged at a front position of a bottom, which will be described later, in a work advancing direction. Further, the coater 14 is also arranged in front of the disher 31 which will be described later.

Then, below the frame 10,
A dicher 31, a scraper blade 41, and a bottom 21 are arranged in order from the gravel reversal side along the work advancing direction, and in the order from the beginning of the work advancing direction, the ditcher 31, scraper blade 41, and The bottom 21 is placed behind the screen, and in the working depth direction, the screen is
The blade 41 is located at the highest position, in other words, at a position where it can contact the surface of the field K, and the bottom 21 is at a height that forms the grave groove R, and the grave groove R formed by the bottom 21.
Ditchers 31 that form slit-shaped deep grooves S are arranged on the bottoms of the respective.

First, the bottom 21 is the same as that used in a bottom plow known in the related art, and
It is attached to the hole 10 through the staves 22,
_On the line of the wall R ₁ of the groove R in which the land side 23 forming the bottom 21 is in close contact, the disher 31 is attached to the holder 32.
The position of the chisel 33, which is attached to the frame 10 via the and forms the disher 31, in the height direction is at a position corresponding to the bottom of the deep groove S.

The disher 31 has a soil repellent plate 34 for discharging the excavated soil continuously from the chisel 33 for excavating the subsoil layer 3 to the outside of the groove.

Further, the scraper blade 41 is used in the field K.
It has a function of scraping the material-bearing subsoil material Z having a high water-holding capacity such as bark compost and volcanic ash scattered on the surface of the frame, and is attached to the frame 10 through the holder 42. The working width is the depth of the deep groove S
To be able to meet.

Therefore, when the field improving device of the present invention is operated in the field to be worked, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5, 6 and 7, the groove 21 is formed in the bottom 21 in the previous step. The rudder T of the tractor passes through the bottom of the gravel groove R (Fig. 5), and the treading pressure is applied once, but the rut will be passed by a groove mower represented by the Ditcher 31. The traces can be softened, and as will be described later, both the soil layer 1 and the tiller layer are turned into gravel soil H by the bottom 21, and the soil soil H is inverted and accumulated in the deep trench S. It is turned to the upper side of the material Z.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, after the inverted gravel soil H is inverted, the ditcher 31 moves so that a deep groove S is formed in the gravel bottom, and the soil Y discharged from the deep groove S is It is heaped up in a mountain range on the bottom of the gravel.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, in the deep groove S after the above-mentioned ditcher 31 has passed, while collecting the submerged soil material Z scattered on the surface of the field adjacent to the deep groove S, Since it is moved, the scraped up cored soil material Z is filled by dropping the cored soil material Z into the deep groove S from the end portion of.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8,
The bottom 2 is behind the scraper blade 41.
Since 1 moves, the portion where the cored soil material Z is accumulated and stored in the deep groove S is inverted by the bottom 21,
The gravel soil H is inverted on the deep groove S which is filled with the material core soil material Z.

At this time, the portion where the bottom 21 is inverted is inverted together with the upper soil layer 1 from the tiller layer 2, and a part of the cored soil material Z that has not been scraped up by the scraper blade 41 is It will be below the inverted gravel H and will function as compost.

These operations are carried out in advance in the field by using the material Z
By simply spraying, the material subsoil material Z can be scraped by the movement of the device and stored continuously in the deep groove S formed by excavation in the subsoil. It is possible to reliably form a good portion.

In the work according to the present invention, the state of the cross section of the field at the end of one work step is shown in FIG. 4, and in the subsoil layer 3 the belt-shaped wall of the core subsoil material Z is provided at regular intervals. Is formed. In other words, 3 in subsoils with poor water retention
A portion that can contain a large amount of water will be formed inside the.

Particularly, according to the working apparatus of the present invention, a reversible type working apparatus can be provided by equipping the frame 10 with the groove trencher, the scraper and the bottom. As a result, a continuous operation can be performed even by turning the headland upside down in the field.

[0033]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the method and apparatus for improving soil in the field of the present invention, when a device, which is a working machine, is pulled by a tractor with respect to a field in which a water retaining material is sprayed, the tractor is used. The so-called rut trace forms a deep groove in the subsoil layer and accumulates the water retention material in this, so it is possible to form a part rich in water retention function by the water retention material, and the tractor's rut on it. Since it does not pass, it does not deteriorate the water retention function by compressing the part rich in water retention function.

Further, even if there is a large amount of rainfall and water accumulates on the surface of the soil layer, since the water retaining performance of the subsoil layer in the field is improved, the rainwater that has passed through the tiller before the runoff is improved. Can reach the subsoil layer and retain water, and the roots of crops can grow up to the subsoil layer. By absorbing the water content of the water retention material, it can be made into a drought-resistant crop. It is also possible to increase the work efficiency, and it can be applied to the reverse method, which can contribute to the efficiency of the work.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a side view of an apparatus suitable for practicing the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an arrangement of respective members of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a field in which the present invention is implemented.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a field in a state where the work according to the present invention is completed.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the field at the start of work.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the field after the opener has passed after the start of work.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the field after the scraper has passed after the start of work.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the field after the bottom has passed after the start of work.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Soil layer 2 cultivator layers 3 subsoil 10 frames 21 bottom 31 Ditcha 41 Scraper Blade R grave groove H gravel soil S deep groove Z material heart soil material T tractor rut

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A time-sequential step of spraying wood-bearing subsoil material on the surface of a field, then a step of reversing tillage by a bottom, and a ditcher or the like in the grave groove formed by the bottom in the step. Next to the deep groove formed by the groove trencher, a step of forming a deep groove by the groove trencher, a step of collecting the cored soil material scattered on the surface of the uncultivated field with a scraper, and accumulating and storing it in the deep groove. It is characterized by improving the water retention of the entire field by forming a layer with good water retention in the subsoil layer with poor water retention, water flow, and air permeability through the process of forming a gravel groove at the bottom. A method for improving soil in a field. 2. A ditching machine for forming a deep groove in a gravel bottom formed by a bottom in order from the top along the traveling direction, and a ditching machine for collecting the cored soil material scattered on the field surface. A scraper blade for dropping and storing the material subsoil material in the deep groove, and a bottom arranged behind this scraper blade, and, in order from the reversal side along these working width directions, a groove excavator, a scraper blade, There is a bottom array behind this scraper blade, and in the height direction, the scraper blade, the bottom, and the ditching machine are arranged in this order from the field surface side so that the working machine is gradually deeper. Characteristic field soil improvement device. 3. The field soil improvement device according to claim 2, wherein a frame excavator, a scraper blade, and a bottom are provided above and below a frame constituting the working device so as to be used reversibly. .