JPH0988208A - Wooden building and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a large change in the height size of an external wall, etc., resulting from the shrinkage of each wood while constituting the external wall or the external wall and an internal wall by piling up wood extended in the horizontal direction. SOLUTION: Wood 18 elongating in the horizontal direction is piled up to constitute an external wall 12, etc., while a plurality of vertical members 24 in the vertical direction are placed along at least one surface of the external wall 12, etc., and each wood 18 is fixed onto these vertical members 24 and the vertical displacement of these wood 18 is restricted. It is preferable that wood 18 is heaped up and a roof is arranged on the wood 18 and the vertical members 24 and each wood 18 are fixed after the roof and the external wall, etc., are left to stand for a specified period under the state.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wooden building in which an outer wall is constructed by stacking timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages, and a construction method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, "naturalness" and "humanity" have been revisited in buildings as well. For example, there is a wooden building whose outer wall is constructed by sequentially stacking horizontally extending timbers, such as school building construction. , Has been provided as a general house.

[0003]

Generally, the amount of expansion and contraction in the lateral direction of wood is significantly larger than the amount of expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction (fiber direction). Therefore, instead of using such timbers as vertically extending pillars, if the timbers are stacked in a substantially horizontal state as described above to form a wall body, each timber may change over time due to its own weight or drying. By vertically contracting, the height of the wall body (that is, the height from the floor surface to the ceiling) is significantly reduced as a whole. Furthermore, when the wall is provided with an opening for attaching a window or a door, the shape of the opening may be changed to make it impossible to open or close the window or the door, or the window frame or the like may be damaged. is there.

When such a wooden building is used as a house, a fireproof material is placed on the surface of the wall for the purpose of disaster prevention and the outer wall corners are covered with a cover to improve the appearance. However, if these refractory materials, covers, etc. are directly fixed to the above-mentioned timber, an unreasonable force will be applied to the refractory materials, covers, etc. due to the aging of the wall height, and in the worst case, it will be damaged. There is a risk.

[0005]

As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a wooden building in which an outer wall is formed by stacking timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages, and at least one of the outer walls. A plurality of vertical members extending vertically are provided along the side surface of the above, and the wood constituting the outer wall is fixed to the vertical members.

According to this construction, since each wood is fixed to the vertical member in the vertical direction and is restricted from being displaced in the same direction, each wood shrinks in the vertical direction due to drying or the like. However, the height of the entire outer wall does not change.

Therefore, even if the refractory material is attached to at least one surface of the outer wall, it is possible to prevent an unreasonable force from being applied to the refractory material due to the change in height of the outer wall.

In particular, when a refractory material is fixed on the surface of the vertical member to secure a gap between the refractory material and the wood, the fire resistance is more remarkable than when the refractory material is directly fixed to the wood. It is possible to suppress the stress generation of the material. Also, by covering the vertical member with this refractory material (that is, using the refractory material as a decorative plate), a good appearance can be secured. further,
The gaps provided between the refractory material and the wood have the advantages that ventilation and water permeability can be enhanced, and that the gaps can be used to easily perform electrical wiring, piping, and the like.

Further, if at least the vertical member near the outer wall corner is fixed to the outer surface of the outer wall and the cover covering the corner is fixed to the vertical member, the cover is unreasonable due to the shrinkage of the wood. It is possible to prevent the force from acting.

Further, when the opening is provided in the outer wall, a frame member extending along the periphery is arranged at the periphery of the opening, and the wood constituting the outer wall is fixed to the frame member. The shape of the opening can be kept substantially constant regardless of the shrinkage of the wood. In particular, when the window opening is provided in the outer wall and the window frame is fixed to the frame member arranged around the window opening, the window frame can be prevented from being damaged due to the contraction of the wood.

Further, similarly to the above, the inner wall is constructed by stacking woods extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages, and a plurality of vertically extending vertical members are provided along at least one side surface of the inner wall. When each wood constituting the inner wall is fixed to the material, the change in height of the inner wall can be sufficiently suppressed.

The specific structure of each piece of wood is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to stack a plurality of (preferably 5 or 6) plates in the thickness direction thereof so that the structure is not easily affected by temperature changes. , More desirable.

In constructing the above-mentioned wooden building, timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction may be piled up to form at least an outer wall, and then each timber may be immediately fixed to the vertical member. The vertical contraction of the wood imposes a relatively large strength load on the vertical members. On the other hand, after stacking the woods to form at least the outer wall, a roof is provided on the woods, and after a predetermined period of time, the woods are sufficiently shrunk to fix the woods to the vertical members. For example, it is possible to further reduce the strength load of the vertical member due to the contraction of each piece of wood.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wooden structure shown here is a concrete semi-underground 1 almost buried in the ground.
0, and an outer wall 12 and an inner wall 14 as shown in FIG. 2 are erected on the semi-underground 10. The outer wall 12 is arranged so as to surround four sides of the building, and the inner wall 14 is arranged inside the outer wall 12, and the roof 1 is placed on the outer wall 12 and the inner wall 14.
6 are assembled.

In the present invention, the inner wall 14 is not always necessary, and the present invention can be applied to a building having at least an outer wall. Further, the semi-underground 10 is not essential, and the outer wall 12 may be directly erected on the ground.

The outer wall 12 and the inner wall 14 are constructed by sequentially stacking horizontally extending wooden pieces 18. The specific structure of each piece of wood 18 is not particularly limited,
A multilayer structure in which a plurality of plate materials are laminated in the width direction, for example, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, five plate materials 18a, 18b, 18c, 18
With the structure in which d and 18e are laminated, it is possible to suppress the amount of expansion and contraction of the wood 18 in the vertical direction due to changes in humidity and the like, as compared with the structure formed of a single plate. Further, as shown in the figure, a groove 19 is formed between the lower ends of the outermost plate members 18a and 18e and the lower end of the central plate member 18c, and the upper ends of the other plate members 18b and 18d are projected to Plate material 18
By fitting the grooves 19 of the upper wood 18 on the b and 18d, the wood 18 can be stacked in a more stable state.

In this embodiment, the school warehouse construction method is employed, and the structure of the corner portion of the outer wall 12 where the outer walls 12 cross each other or the portion where the outer wall 12 and the end portion of the inner wall 14 cross each other. The structure is as shown in FIG. That is, notches 20 and 21 are formed in the upper and lower cutouts 20 of one piece of wood 18 at portions where the pieces of wood 18 cross each other, leaving a narrow connecting portion 22 in the center. The wood pieces 18 are stacked while fitting the lower cutouts 21 of the wood pieces 18 to be fitted.

As a characteristic of this wooden building, a plurality of vertical members 24 extending in the vertical direction as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are horizontally arranged at predetermined intervals on the outer surface of the outer wall 12 and one side surface of the inner wall 14. The timbers 18 are fixed to the vertical members 24. In this embodiment, the vertical member 24 is made of wood, and the vertical member 24 and each wood member 18 are shown in FIG.
It is connected and fixed by a nail 26 shown in (b).

The vertical members 24 may be arranged on the inner side surface of the outer wall 12 or both side surfaces of the outer wall 12 and the inner wall 14. Further, the vertical member 24 does not necessarily have to be wood, and may be made of another material (for example, steel). In this case, a bolt, an adhesive or other suitable fixing means may be used instead of the nail to connect the vertical member 24 and the wood 18.

Further, a refractory material 28 made of ceramic or the like is fixed to the surface of the vertical member 24. The refractory material 28 is a plate material having a length dimension (horizontal dimension) that is a multiple of the interval between the vertical members 24, and the ends thereof are shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), it is abutted on the vertical member 24 and fixed to the vertical member 24 with a nail 30, and the intermediate portion thereof is also fixed to the vertical member 24 by the nail 30 as shown in FIG. ing. Therefore, a gap having a size δ that is equivalent to the protruding size of the vertical member 24 is secured between the refractory material 28 and the plate material 18.

As shown in FIG. 8, the partition wall 32 excluding the inner wall 14 is in the shape of a lattice in which pillars are crossed vertically and horizontally, and a joist 34 in the horizontal direction is provided at the upper end thereof.
Has been fixed.

As shown in FIG. 9, the corner portion of the outer wall 12 is covered with the refractory material 28 which also serves as a cover for the corner portion. Specifically, a pillar member 36 is erected in the center of the outside of the corner portion, pillar members 38 are erected on both wings, and a pillar member 40 is erected at a position adjacent to the vertical member 24 closest to the corner portion. A base plywood 42 is stretched between the pillars 36, 38 and between the pillars 38, 40, and a corner cover is provided on the surface of the base plywood 42 and the surface of the vertical member 24. The refractory material 28 is fixed.

10 and 11 are a sectional plan view and a sectional side view of the peripheral portion of the window 15. As shown in the drawing, a frame member 44 is arranged around the periphery of the opening for forming the window 15. The frame member 44 is fixed to the outer side surface of the plate member 18 with its longitudinal direction along the peripheral direction. On the other hand, the window frame 46 has a plate-like protrusion 47 on the outer surface thereof over substantially the entire circumference.
The plate-like protrusion 47 is sandwiched between the frame member 44 and the refractory material 28 and is fixed by nails or the like.

According to such a wooden building, since the woods 18 piled up and down are fixed to the vertical members 24 in the vertical direction and are restricted from being displaced in the same direction, they are caused by drying or the like. Even if each piece of wood 18 contracts in the vertical direction, the overall height of the outer wall 12 and the inner wall 14 hardly changes. Therefore, due to the change in the height, the refractory material 28
It is possible to prevent unreasonable force from being applied to and to prevent its damage.

The refractory material 28 is directly applied to the surface of the outer wall 12 and the inner wall 14 opposite to the side where the vertical members 24 are provided (for example, the inner wall surface of the outer wall 12 shown in FIG. It may be fixed, but by fixing it to the surface of the vertical member 24 as described above, it is possible to more effectively suppress the stress generation of the refractory material 28 due to the shrinkage of the wood 18, and at the same time, By covering the vertical member 24 with 28 (that is, using the refractory material 28 as a decorative plate), there is an advantage that a good appearance can be secured. Further, the gap provided between the refractory material 24 and the wood 18 can enhance ventilation and water permeability, and also has an advantage that electric wiring, piping, etc. can be easily utilized by utilizing this gap.

Further, in this wooden building, since the refractory material 28 which also serves as a cover for covering the corner portion is fixed to the vertical member 24, the breakage of the refractory material 28 can be prevented even in this corner portion. This effect is not limited to the case where the refractory material 28 is also used as the corner portion cover, and the same effect can be obtained without providing the refractory material 28 or when a dedicated cover is provided at the corner portion separately from the refractory material 28. Is something that can be done.

Further, with respect to the window 15 of the outer wall 12, a frame member 44 extending along the peripheral edge of the window 15 is arranged, and the end of the wood 18 constituting the outer wall 12 is fixed to the frame member 44. Therefore, even if the wooden piece 18 contracts, the shape of the opening can be kept substantially constant. Further, since the window frame 46 is fixed to the frame member 44, it is possible to prevent the window frame 46 from being damaged due to the contraction of the wood 18.

The frame member 44 has openings other than windows,
For example, it may be provided on the periphery of an opening for a door provided on the outer wall 12 or the inner wall 14, whereby the shape of this opening can be maintained and the opening and closing of the door due to the deformation of the opening. The inconvenience of being disabled can be avoided.

The construction method of this wooden building is as shown in FIG.
Those shown in 2 are preferred. The contents will be described below.

First, a semi-underground is constructed having an outer wall made of concrete in the ground (process P1), and wood 18 is stacked on it to assemble wall bodies such as the outer wall 12 and the inner wall 14 (process P2). Furthermore, the roof is assembled (process P3),
A partition wall 32 as shown in FIG. 8 is provided (process P
4).

After that, the building is left for a predetermined period for a while (process P5). This leaving period may be set as appropriate, but it is preferable to secure a period (generally 1 week or more) for the vertical dimension of the wood 18 to be sufficiently stable.

After this standing, the wood 18 is thinned and the downward movement due to the load is stabilized, and then the vertical member 24 is arranged to fix the wood 18 and each wood 18 (step P6). Further, the refractory material 28 is attached to the surface (process P7), various finishings are performed (process P8), and the whole process is completed.

According to this construction method, the amount of shrinkage of the wooden pieces 18 from the time when the wooden pieces 18 are fixed to the vertical members 24 is smaller than that when the individual wooden pieces 18 are fixed to the vertical members 24 immediately after being piled up. Since it is extremely small, there is an advantage that the strength load of the vertical member 24 due to this contraction can be significantly reduced.

[0035]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, in a wooden building having an outer wall formed by stacking timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages, a plurality of vertically extending vertical walls are provided on at least one side surface of the outer wall. By arranging the timber and fixing each lumber constituting the outer wall to this vertical timber, the vertical displacement of each lumber is regulated. As a result, it is possible to prevent the height of the entire outer wall from being greatly changed, and it is possible to keep the building in a good condition for many years.

Therefore, even when the refractory material is attached to at least one surface of the outer wall, it is possible to prevent the refractory material from being damaged due to an excessive force due to the change in the height dimension of the wall. You can

In particular, when a refractory material is fixed to the surface of the vertical member to secure a gap between the refractory material and the wood constituting the outer wall, it is better than when the refractory material is directly fixed to the wood. Further, it is possible to remarkably suppress the stress generation of the refractory material. Also, by covering the vertical member with this refractory material (that is, using the refractory material as a decorative plate), a good appearance can be secured. Furthermore, the gap between the refractory material and the wood vents,
It is also possible to obtain an effect that water permeability can be increased and electric wiring and piping can be easily performed by utilizing this gap.

If at least the vertical member near the corner of the outer wall is fixed to the outer surface of the outer wall and the cover covering the corner is fixed to the vertical member, it is impossible to cover the cover due to shrinkage of the wood. It is possible to prevent the force from acting.

Further, when the opening is provided in the outer wall, a frame member extending along the periphery is arranged at the peripheral edge of the opening, and the wood constituting the outer wall is fixed to the frame member. The shape of the opening can be kept substantially constant regardless of the shrinkage of the wood. In particular, when the window opening is provided in the outer wall and the window frame is fixed to the frame member arranged around the window opening, the window frame can be prevented from being damaged due to the contraction of the wood.

Further, similarly to the above, the inner wall is constructed by stacking woods extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages, and a plurality of vertical members extending vertically are provided along at least one side surface of the inner wall. According to the material in which each of the wood constituting the inner wall is fixed, the effect of sufficiently suppressing the change in the height dimension of the inner wall can be obtained.

As a construction method for constructing the above wooden building,
After stacking the above timbers to form at least an outer wall, a roof is provided on the timbers to weight the timbers, and the vertical dimension of each timber is sufficiently stabilized after a predetermined period of time, and then these timbers are fixed to the vertical members. According to this, there is an effect that the strength load of the vertical member due to the contraction of each piece of wood can be further reduced and the vertical member can be more reliably prevented from being damaged.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an example of a wooden building according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of the first floor of the wooden building.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional front view of wood used in the wooden building.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a structure of a cross portion of timbers in the wooden building.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which a vertical member is arranged on an outer side surface of an outer wall formed of the wood.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a state in which a vertical member is arranged on the outer surface of the outer wall formed of the wood.

7A is an enlarged sectional view of a portion A of FIG. 6, and FIG. 7B is an enlarged sectional view of a portion B of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a partition wall provided in the wooden building.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional plan view of a corner portion of the wooden building.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional plan view of the periphery of the window opening in the wooden building.

FIG. 11 is a sectional side view of the periphery of the window opening.

FIG. 12 is a process drawing showing the method of building the wooden building.

[Explanation of symbols]

 12 Outer wall 14 Inner wall 15 Window 16 Roof 18 Wood 24 Longitudinal material 28 Fireproof material (also serves as a cover for corner) 44 Frame material 46 Window frame δ Gap size

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A wooden building in which an outer wall is formed by stacking timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages,
A plurality of vertical members extending vertically are provided along at least one side surface of the outer wall, and each wood constituting the outer wall is fixed to the vertical member. 2. The wooden building according to claim 1, wherein an inner wall is formed by stacking timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction in multiple stages, and a plurality of vertical members extending vertically are formed on at least one side surface of the inner wall. A wooden building characterized in that the timbers constituting the inner wall are fixed to this vertical member. 3. The wooden building according to claim 1, wherein a refractory material is attached to at least one surface of the outer wall. 4. The wooden building according to claim 3, wherein a refractory material is fixed on the surface of the vertical member to secure a gap between the refractory material and the wood. 5. The wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a vertical member near an outer wall corner portion is fixed to an outer surface of the outer wall, and the vertical member covers the corner portion. A wooden building characterized by fixing the. 6. The wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an opening is provided in the outer wall, and a frame member extending along the peripheral edge is arranged on the peripheral edge of the opening,
A wooden building characterized in that the wood constituting the outer wall is fixed to the frame material. 7. The wooden structure according to claim 6, wherein a window opening is provided in the outer wall, and the window frame is fixed to a frame member arranged at a peripheral edge of the window opening. Building. 8. The method for constructing a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein timbers extending in a substantially horizontal direction are stacked to form at least an outer wall, and a roof is provided on the outer wall. A method for constructing a wooden building, characterized in that each timber is fixed to the above-mentioned lumber after a predetermined period.