JPH0986407A - Rolling stock and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture rolling stock efficiently and also enable improvement in economy and selection of soft materials to be achieved by fixing floor blocks, sideblocks, gable and blocks and roof blocks at their edge overlapping parts into a tightly connected body. SOLUTION: The structural construction of a rolling stock 10 is composed of floor blocks 20, side blocks 30, gable end blocks and roof blocks 50 and those blocks are formed in such a way that members to be used as skeleton frames are spot welded to those panels cut out from respective plate materials. Meanwhile, respective blocks except the gable end blocks are also furnished with their internal fittings as much as possible after attaching equipment such as pipings, electric wires, etc., therein before assembly. Namely, the roof blocks 50 have ceiling panels 61, hanger bars 62, lighting tools 63, air conditioning fans 64 and a speaker, etc., installed thereto. Lock bolts 110 are inserted in through holes 85 for penetrating the overlapping parts at the edge parts of respective blocks so as to tighten the blocks mutually.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a railway vehicle and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art
The railroad vehicle had a structural structure composed of a floor block, a side block, a gable block, and a roof block, and was assembled by welding by overlapping the edges of the blocks.

Then, heat treatment and hammering for correcting the welding distortion are carried out, and then the fittings and the interior parts are attached. Therefore, conventionally, the outfitting / interior work had to be performed in a narrow space within the structure, and there was a problem that it took time to carry in, align and install the outfitting / interior products. In particular, the work of attaching the fittings and interior parts to the roof block and floor block was an upward work, and the workability was poor. As a result, conventionally, there has been a problem that a railway vehicle cannot be efficiently manufactured.

Further, there is also a problem that it is uneconomical when a vehicle model is changed, even if there is a portion that can be diverted such as a floor block, it cannot be used. Furthermore, because it is a welded structure, only flexible materials can be used for each block, and each block must be composed of the same material, so a hybrid structure structure cannot be adopted. There was a problem that I could not do it.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to enable a railway vehicle to be efficiently manufactured by a new assembly structure, and at the same time, to improve economic efficiency and enable flexible material selection. .

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems, Embodiments of the Invention and Advantageous Effects of the Invention A railway vehicle of the present invention is a railway vehicle having a structural structure formed by assembling a floor block, a side block, a gable block and a roof block, Each block is characterized in that the overlapping portions of the edges are fixed by a fastening body. Here, although bolts and nuts may be used as the fastening body, a shaft portion and a sleeve such as a lock bolt, a blind bolt, or a blind rivet (hereinafter, referred to as “lock bolt or blind bolt”). Alternatively, it is preferable to use a fastening body that includes a collar portion and that generates a predetermined fastening force by deforming the sleeve or the collar portion while tearing off the shaft portion. Furthermore, at least one of the blocks may have a hybrid structure made of a material different from that of the other blocks.

According to the railway vehicle of the present invention, when the structural body structure is assembled, no thermal strain is applied, so that it is not necessary to remove the strain. Therefore, for each block, not only fittings such as piping and wiring, but also hanging rods, lamps, air conditioning fans,
Interior items such as speakers, luggage racks, and seats can be installed in advance.

Further, since the blocks are not welded to each other, the blocks can be disassembled by breaking the fastening body. Therefore, at the time of a model change or the like, a block that does not affect the model change can be reused as it is, and the economical efficiency is improved. In addition to the model change, there is also an effect that a repair method such as partially replacing blocks can be easily performed.

Further, by adopting a hybrid structure,
It will be possible to further promote the weight reduction and performance improvement of the vehicle. On the other hand, the manufacturing method of the railcar of the present invention is
In a method of manufacturing a railway vehicle having a structural structure in which floor blocks, side blocks, gable blocks, and roof blocks are assembled, blocks are installed so as to form an overlap at the edge of each block, and the overlap parts are penetrated. The feature is that the blocks are fastened together by a fastening body.

In this case, a hole is formed in advance in one of the blocks in each overlapping portion, and a hole is formed in the other block so as to correspond to the hole in the overlapped state. It is advisable to allow the fastening body to pass through the through hole of the overlapping portion. It is possible to form holes in each block in advance so that they will become through holes simply by stacking them, but since rail cars are long products, the holes will match well if manufacturing errors are accumulated. This is because there is a risk of disappearing. Therefore, rather, it is better to open a hole in only one side and to match the other side in the field, thus improving workability.

Here again, as the fastening body, a fastening body having a shaft portion and a sleeve or a collar portion, such as a lock bolt or a blind bolt, is passed through, and the sleeve or collar portion is pulled while tearing the shaft portion of the fastening body. The blocks may be fastened to each other with a predetermined fastening force by being deformed. This is because the fastening body such as the lock bolt or the blind bolt has the shaft portion torn off by the design load, so that the fastening force matches the design condition and highly reliable fastening can be expected. That is, there is an advantage that the joint strength can be constructed according to the design conditions.

The fastening body is not limited to the lock bolt and the blind bolt, and ordinary bolts and nuts can be used. However, when using bolts and nuts as the fastening body, it is necessary to confirm the tightening torque with a torque wrench before fastening work, but when using lock bolts or blind bolts, This is advantageous over the case of using another fastening body in that the confirmation work of 1 is unnecessary. This greatly contributes to shortening the construction period and the number of steps particularly in assembling a rail vehicle using a large number of fastening bodies.

By the way, the lock bolt is of a type in which the shaft portion with the head is inserted from one side, the collar is set from the other side, and the collar is compressed and deformed while pulling the tip end of the shaft portion, so that both sides of the overlapping portion have a certain degree. Used in places with open spaces. If such space cannot be secured in both, blind bolts should be used. From the other side, by using blind bolts,
It will be possible to further proceed with outfitting and interior work near the fastening part. That is, using blind bolts,
If the fastening work is performed from the outside of the vehicle body, the work efficiency can be further improved. Note that a pull stem type rivet, for example, can be used as the same as the blind bolt.

In the method of manufacturing a railway vehicle of the present invention,
In particular, at least some of the blocks should be installed and fastened to each other with all or some of the fittings and interior parts attached. With the preceding outfitting, for example, the outfitting / interior work for the roof block and the floor block can be performed downward or sideways, and the workability is remarkably improved. Also, since outfitting and interior work can be performed in an open space, it is easy to carry in and set up outfitting and interior items. It goes without saying that not only the roof blocks and floor blocks, but also the side blocks may be outfitted in advance.

In the method of manufacturing a railway vehicle of the present invention,
Also, the side block is divided into a plurality of small blocks in the longitudinal direction, and at least a part of the small blocks other than the small block that is fastened to the wife block is installed after the roof block is mounted. It is advisable to perform fastening. According to this method, when mounting the roof block, part of the side block is open,
This is because it is possible to set a support jig or the like via this portion and mount the roof block while supporting it from below.

[0016]

EXAMPLES Examples of railway vehicles to which the present invention is applied will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the railcar 10 of the embodiment is provided with four entrances 11 on the left and right of each car, and facing seats 13 and 15 are arranged inside the car. The railway vehicle 10 includes a descending window 17 and a fixed window 19 as windows. Further, the door of the doorway 11 is of a double-opening sliding door system, and when the door is opened, the door is housed in a door pocket provided on the side wall portion.

The structure of the railway vehicle 10 of this embodiment is as follows:
As shown in FIG. 2, the floor block 20, the side block 30, the gable block 40, and the roof block 50 are assembled and configured. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the side block 30 further includes a small block of a window portion (hereinafter, referred to as “window block”).
Say. ) 31-35, and a small block of the entrance / exit (hereinafter referred to as "entrance / exit block") 36-39, each of which is divided into nine pieces.

Each block has a structure in which a frame member is fixed by spot welding to a panel cut out from a plate material. As such, it is similar to a conventional railway vehicle. However, unlike the prior art, each block other than the wife block 40 is further equipped with fittings such as pipes and electric wires before assembling, and also with interior parts as much as possible.

More specifically, the roof block 50 includes:
As shown in FIG. 4, a ceiling panel 61, a hanging rod 62, and a lamp 6
3, an air conditioning fan 64, a speaker 65, etc. are attached. The attachment of these interior parts is performed by turning the roof block 50 upside down or by leaning down on a jig and by working downward or sideways. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, interior components such as a luggage rack 71 and a seat 72 are preliminarily attached to the window blocks 31 to 35 in a downward or sideways operation. A floor material is also attached to the floor block 20. Further, the blocks 20 to 50 including the wife block 40 are also painted. This painting is also performed in a downward or sideways posture.

Also, the side block 30 and the wife block 40
As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, an overlapping margin 81 and a bracket 82 for adjacent blocks are provided at the edge portion of the overlapping margin 81 and the bracket 82.
A large number of through-holes 83 are provided as indicated by the small X marks (some parts can be seen only at the points) in the figure. The through hole 83 is sized so that a fastener (lock bolt 110 and blind bolt 120) described later can be inserted therein.

The blocks are installed in the order shown by the circled numbers in FIG. 2 and fastened by the fasteners 110 and 120 to be assembled. The assembly procedure will be described in detail below. First, the floor block 20 is installed on a jig with camber (not shown). Next, among the side blocks 30, the window blocks 31 and 35 at the front and rear ends of the vehicle are installed. At this time, the window blocks 31 and 35 are installed so that the overlapping margin 81 is outside the floor block 20. Then, from the through hole 83 provided in the overlapping margin of the lower edges of the window blocks 31 and 35 to the floor block 20 side, a through hole 85 (FIG.
See).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 10 (A) and 11 (A), a lock bolt 110 or a blind bolt 120 is inserted into the through hole 85, and FIGS.
Fasten in the state shown in 1 (B). First, the lock bolt 110 will be described.

The lock bolt 110 is composed of a shaft portion 111 and a collar 113, as shown in FIG.
The collar 113 has a cylindrical shape having a hole having a size into which the shaft portion 111 can be inserted. In the middle of the shaft 111,
A constricted portion 115 having a small diameter is provided, and a concavo-convex for chucking (hereinafter, referred to as “chucking portion”) 117 is provided on the tip side of the constricted part 115, and a concavo-convex for biting the color (hereinafter, referred to as “chucking part”) 117 from the front side. 119) is provided.

In the fastening operation, the shaft portion 111 is inserted into the through hole 85 from the outside of the vehicle body, and the collar 113 is attached from the opposite side. The collar 113 is the biting part 11
It is attached to the 9th part. After setting the lock bolt 110 in this way, as shown in FIG.
The chucking portion 117 by using the chucking claw T1.
While chucking with 1, the tip of the collar 113 is pressed from the outside with the nose T12. Then, the nose T12 is moved forward while the chucking claw T11 is moved backward. Then, the shaft portion 111 is pulled relatively in the direction indicated by the arrow X1 in FIG.
13 is compressed in the direction of the axial arrow X2 and plastically deformed, and its inner surface 113a is crushed while being bitten by the biting portion 119 of the shaft portion 111. Then, when the tensile stress on the shaft portion 111 becomes equal to or more than the breaking stress of the constricted portion 115, the shaft portion 111 is torn off and the state shown in FIG. As a result, the side block panel 30a and the floor block side panel 20a are firmly fastened together. This fastening force becomes a constant force according to the step area of the constricted portion 115 of the lock bolt 110.

Most of the positions are fastened with the lock bolts 110 in this manner, but the entrance / exit blocks 36 and 39, which will be described later, are partially blind bolts 120.
Is used. The use position is indicated by an arrow P in FIG.
Since there is a bolster case (not shown) for connecting the floor block 20 and the truck in this portion, the work can be performed only from the outside of the vehicle body. Therefore, the blind bolt 120 is used in this portion. Before describing the assembly procedure, the blind bolt 120 and a fastening method using the blind bolt 120 will be described.

The blind bolt 120 is composed of a shaft portion 121, a sleeve 123, and a locking collar 124, as shown in FIG. An unevenness for chucking (hereinafter referred to as “chucking portion”) 125 and a step portion 127 for compressing the sleeve are provided at one end of the shaft portion 121. A bulging portion 129 is formed on the sleeve 123 on the side opposite to the step 127.

In the fastening operation, the sleeve 123 and the shaft portion 121 are inserted into the through hole 85 from the outside of the vehicle body, and the bulging portion 129 is brought into contact with the outer panel 30a.
When the blind bolt 120 is set in this way, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1 (C), using the tool T20, the nose T2
While pressing the bulging portion 129 of the sleeve 123 and the locking collar 124 against the panel 30a at 2, the chucking portion 125 is chucked by the chucking claw T21 and only the shaft portion 121 is pulled outward. As a result,
The sleeve 123 is sandwiched between the step 127 of the shaft 121 and the panel 20a on the floor block side, receives a compressive load, and buckles and deforms outward. Then, when the tensile stress acting on the shaft portion 121 reaches the design stress, the shaft portion 121 is broken and the state shown in FIG. At this time, the locking collar 12
4 bites into the bulging portion 129, and the remaining shaft portion 121 is fixed to the bulging portion 129. As a result, the side block panel 30a and the floor block side panel 20a are firmly fastened together.

The lock bolt 110 and the blind bolt 120 are, for example, HU of the United States.
Trade names "C6L fastener" and "UBP fastener" manufactured by CK INTERNATIONAL, INC can be used. Of course, it is not limited to the company's products.

Returning to the explanation of the method for manufacturing the structure structure again.
After the window blocks 31 and 35 have been attached as described above, the gable block 40 is set as shown in FIG. At 110, fastening work with the floor block 20 and the window blocks 31 and 35 is performed. As shown in FIG. 6, the window block 31, 35 has a folded-back portion 31.
a and 35a are provided, and the overlap margin of the gable block 40 overlaps here.

When the window blocks 31, 35 at the four corners and the end block 40 have been attached to the floor block 20 in this manner, the remaining window blocks 3 as shown in FIG.
2 to 34 are installed, through holes are formed, and lock bolts are fastened in the same procedure. The two entrance / exit blocks 37, 38 shown in the figure are connected to the floor block 20 and the window blocks 32-3.
Set for No. 4, through holes are processed in the overlapping portion, and tightened with lock bolts.

Thus, after the side blocks 30 and the end blocks 40 are attached to the floor block 20 except the front and rear entrance / exit blocks 36 and 39, the roof block 50 is set from above as shown in FIG. Performs through-hole processing and lock bolt fastening work. At this time, the roof block 50 is set with a jig (not shown) at the front and rear entrances (parts in FIG. 2) where attachment is not yet completed, and the jig is slowly lowered while being supported from below by the jig. To align. Since the front and rear entrance portions are open, the roof block 50 can be supported from below by a jig equipped with an arm having a length equal to or greater than the vehicle width,
It is no longer necessary to set by hanging the crane. The roof block 50, as shown in FIG.
The through holes 85 are formed by overlapping the outside of the side block 30. Then, it is fixed by fastening a lock bolt.

Finally, the remaining entrance / exit block 3
6 and 39 are set, and like the explanation so far,
The structure structure is completed through through-hole processing and lock bolt fastening. After this, each fastening location is sealed with a sealant. In the structure structure thus completed, the blocks are not fixed to each other by welding, so that heat treatment or hammering for removing strain is not necessary. Due to this effect, as described above, necessary fittings and interior parts can be attached to each block except the end block 40 prior to the assembly of the blocks.

For blocks such as the wife block 40 to which no outfitting or interior fittings are attached, the outfitting / interior construction work is performed thereafter. Also, the lining of the joints between the blocks and the attachment of the remaining interior parts will be performed after this. As described above, in the present embodiment, when assembling the structural structure, the blocks are not welded, but the fastening method using the lock bolt 110 and the blind bolt 120 is adopted. I no longer have to do the troublesome upward work of installing the. Further, since the outfitting and the interior fittings can be attached at the block stage, the work can be performed in an open space, which also saves the time required for the fitting and interior fitting work. Moreover, since the outfitting / interior work for each block can be performed in parallel in the open space, it is possible to reduce waste such as waiting for work. As a result, the production time of the railway vehicle can be significantly reduced. That is, it is possible to expect economic improvement in terms of construction period and man-hours. In addition, safe work can be secured.

Further, if the lock bolt 110 and the blind bolt 120 are broken, the blocks can be disassembled. And these decomposed blocks are
It can be reused if possible. As a result, there is no waste during model changes and repairs. That is, it is possible to expect economic improvement in terms of materials.

Further, since a part of the side block 30 is assembled at the end so that the crane work can be eliminated when installing the roof block 50, the assembling work can be simplified. This is also
It contributes to the economic improvement in terms of construction period and man-hours.

Next, the second embodiment will be described. Second
In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, the idea of the present invention is applied to a railway vehicle having a structure in which the door pocket is abolished and the door is opened with the door exposed to the outside of the vehicle body. The lock bolts and blind bolts used are the same as those used in the above-described embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as “first embodiment”), but FIG.
As described above, the difference is that the division method of the side block 130 is changed.

The side block 130 includes five window blocks 1
31 to 135 and two rectangular plates 136 and 137. Similar to the first embodiment, interior parts such as the luggage rack 71 and the seat 72 are previously attached to the window blocks 131 to 135 by the downward or sideways work.

The assembly procedure is as shown in FIG. 14, and the roof block 50 is attached without the parts 136 and 137 of the side block 130 being attached. As a result, similarly to the first embodiment, the roof block 50 can be set regardless of the crane work.

This second embodiment also exhibits the same effect as that of the first embodiment. The door block is different from the first embodiment in that the descending window cannot be adopted and the window is used because the side wall of the vehicle body has a thin structure without the door pocket. However, like the third embodiment, the window block 141 is used. If a part of thick wall structure is used for ˜145, the descending window method can be adopted (see FIG. 15).

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In each of the embodiments described so far, no particular reference has been made to the material of each block, but in the fourth embodiment, the material of each block is intentionally changed. Since the features do not appear on the drawing, only the text will be described.

In the fourth embodiment, the roof block is made of aluminum alloy and the other blocks are made of stainless steel. Even if such a material is selected, the blocks are not fastened together by welding, so that the assembly can be performed without any problem. Further, by making the roof block from an aluminum alloy, the weight of the vehicle body can be reduced and the center of gravity can be lowered, which is advantageous to the stable running of the vehicle in addition to the effects of the above-described embodiments. The effect is demonstrated.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified into various modes without departing from the gist of the present invention. For example, as a method of superimposing portions to be fastened with a lock bolt or the like, as shown in FIG. 16, the edges of the blocks 151 and 152 are folded back to form an angle, and the blocks are butted to each other to form the angle portion 151a. , 152a may be overlapped with each other, and the lock bolts 110 may be used to fasten them.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a railway vehicle according to a first embodiment,
(A) is a plan view of the inside of the vehicle, and (B) is a side view of the entire vehicle.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an assembly procedure of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a block division state in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a view of the roof block according to the first embodiment as viewed from inside the vehicle.

FIG. 5 is a view of the window block according to the first embodiment as viewed from inside the vehicle.

FIG. 6 is a view of the window block according to the first embodiment as viewed from inside the vehicle.

FIG. 7 is a view of the doorway block according to the first embodiment as viewed from inside the vehicle.

FIG. 8 is a view of the wife block according to the first embodiment as viewed from the inside of the vehicle.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the vehicle of the first embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a fastening state with lock bolts.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a fastening state with blind bolts.

FIG. 12 shows an overall configuration of a railway vehicle according to a second embodiment,
(A) is a plan view of the inside of the vehicle, and (B) is a side view of the entire vehicle.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a block division state in the second embodiment.

FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing the assembling procedure of the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 shows an overall configuration of a railway vehicle according to a third embodiment,
(A) is a plan view of the inside of the vehicle, and (B) is a side view of the entire vehicle.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a modified example.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... Rail cars, 11 ... Doorways, 13, 15 ...
..Seats, 17 ... descending windows, 19 ... fixed windows, 20
... Floor block, 30 ... Side block, 31-35
... Window block, 36-39 ... Door block,
40 ... Wife block, 50 ... Roof block, 61
... Ceiling panel, 62 ... Hanging bar, 63 ... Lamp, 64 ... Air conditioning fan, 65 ... Speaker, 71
... Shelves, 72 ... Seats, 81 ... Stacking margin, 83 ... Through holes, 85 ... Through holes, 110 ...
・ Lock bolt, 120 ... Blind bolt, 13
0 ... Side block, 131 ... Window block, 136
... Rectangular plate, 141 ... Window block.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. In a railway vehicle having a structural structure formed by assembling a floor block, a side block, a gable block and a roof block, each block is fixed with an overlapping portion of an edge portion by a fastening body. Characteristic railway vehicle. 2. The railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the fastening body is provided with a shaft portion and a sleeve or a collar portion like a lock bolt, a blind bolt or a blind rivet, and the sleeve or sleeve is provided while tearing off the shaft portion. A railway vehicle, which is a type of fastening body that generates a predetermined fastening force by deforming a collar portion. 3. The railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the blocks is made of a material different from that of the other blocks. 4. A method of manufacturing a railway vehicle having a structural structure in which floor blocks, side blocks, gable blocks and roof blocks are assembled, wherein the blocks are installed so as to form an overlap at the edge of each block. A method of manufacturing a railway vehicle, characterized in that blocks are fastened together with a fastening body that penetrates an overlapping portion. 5. The method of manufacturing a railway vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a hole is formed in advance in one of the blocks at each overlapping portion, and the holes are overlapped with each other so that they coincide with each other. A method for manufacturing a railway vehicle, characterized in that a hole is formed in one of the blocks, and the fastening body is made to penetrate through the through hole of the overlapping portion thus formed. 6. The method for manufacturing a railway vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a fastening body including a shaft portion and a sleeve or a collar portion, such as a lock bolt, a blind bolt or a blind rivet, is penetrated as the fastening body. A method for manufacturing a railway vehicle, wherein blocks are fastened with a predetermined fastening force by deforming a sleeve or a collar portion while tearing off a shaft portion of the fastening body. 7. The method for manufacturing a railway vehicle according to claim 4, wherein at least some of the blocks are installed with all or some of the fittings and interior parts attached. A method of manufacturing a railway vehicle, characterized in that blocks are fastened together. 8. The method of manufacturing a railway vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the side block is divided into a plurality of small blocks in the longitudinal direction, and among these blocks, a small block other than the small block fastened to the end block. At least a part of the small blocks is installed and fastened after the roof block is mounted, and the method for manufacturing a railway vehicle is characterized.