JPH09294502A - Filter-integrated water tank and filtering method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a means for the quick decomposition of contaminating organic materials in the water of a fish-breeding water tank, the quick oxidation of ammonia and nitrite toxic to fish, the removal and the prevention of accumulation of nitrate having low toxicity to fish and causing troubles in the breeding of fish in accumulated state and effective for improving the living environment of fish, enabling the long-term breeding of fish and reducing the labor of the breeding person. SOLUTION: A water tank is arbitrarily divided into two sections with a vertical partition wall. One section of the divided tank is provided with three biological filtering functions consisting of an intermittent filter chamber 1 provided with a siphon 9, a flowing water-filtration tank 2 receiving the water falling from the intermittent filter tank 1 and having a pump suction port 5 at the bottom provided with a perforated plate 6 and a static water-filtration tank 3 having the perforated plate 6 as the top board and an aeration pipe 4 passing through the flowing-water filtration tank 2 on the perforated plate 6.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biological filtration system and method in fish raising for ornamental fish lovers,
In particular, the present invention relates to a filtration-integrated water tank and a filtration method for the purpose of reducing, removing, and preventing accumulation of nitrates and nitrites, which are polluted nitrogen oxides in fish breeding water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, purification of breeding water contaminated by fish excrement and residual food in ornamental fish tanks has been
In the process of oxidative conversion of nitrogen in polluted organic matter to ammonia, ammonia to nitrite, and further from nitrite to nitrate of the final product, rear filtration, upper filtration, external filtration, internal filtration, bottom filtration, and overflow method etc. Each biological filtration method has a biological filtration function method such as a wet method, a dry method, an intermittent dry method, etc. Purification is performed by a biological filtration action by the action of nitrifying bacteria that are aerobic inorganic nutrients, and finally nitrates are formed by the nitrification action.

However, the accumulated content of nitrate is also a kind of pollution of breeding water, and in the conventional filtration method and method for biological filtration, emphasis is placed on how to transform ammonia and nitrite, which are fish poisons, into relatively harmless nitrate. Is placed,
No measures have been taken to reduce or remove nitrates using a filter tank type and method.

The reduction and removal of the content of nitrate in water is carried out by frequently changing the breeding water, which is one of the major problems in ornamental fish breeding.

[0005]

In order to purify breeding water contaminated by excrement of fish and residual food in breeding fish, especially saltwater fish and saltwater organisms, various microanimals, organic nutrient microorganisms and nitrifying bacteria are required. By the action of, the polluted organic matter is decomposed and the nitrogen content is converted to ammonia, ammonia is converted to nitrite, and further nitrite is oxidatively converted to nitrate of the final product,
The harmful effects caused in this process are yellowing and cloudiness of the breeding water due to polluted organic substances, ammonia and nitrite that cause fish poisoning that should not be present in the breeding water during fish breeding and death of fish and other aquatic organisms, fish toxicity is low but accumulated. If it is done, it will adversely affect the physical condition of corals that are sensitive to the drop of PH value and the deterioration of water quality, which gives stress to the fish when breeding,
Further, it is said that when nitrate accumulates, abnormal generation of algae such as moss occurs, impairing the aesthetic appearance as ornamental, and harmful moss that produces fish poisonous substances also occurs in cyanobacteria appearing after green algae.

Therefore, polluted organic matters must be decomposed early, and ammonia and nitrite must be oxidized and metamorphized at an early stage. The reduction and removal of the final product nitrate must be done by frequently cleaning and removing moss from the water tank and frequently using water in the water tank. There is a problem that replacement work must be performed.

[0007] Some breeders are steadily breeding fish in the state where nitrates are accumulated without performing water replacement work. However, the fish cultivated here are treated with nitrates in breeding water. Adapted and alive, especially ornamental fish are extremely faded, and when trying to add new fish to breeding water enriched with nitrates, new fish cannot respond to extreme changes in water quality and shock. However, there is a problem that it becomes unwell and the long-term breeding becomes difficult.

[0008] Further, there is breeding water in which some nitrates hardly accumulate nitrate in the breeding water, but this is a favorable anaerobic condition for denitrifying bacteria which happens to perform nitrate reduction in the filtration tank during biological filtration. It is considered that various habitats are secured, nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas at the stage of nitrite or is released to the atmosphere, and it is difficult to recreate the same biological filtration state in the filtration tank.

[0009] Utilizing denitrifying bacteria, the method for reducing and removing the content of nitrate in the breeding water by denitrifying action has not been established in the current filtration method and method of fish tanks for general ornamental fish lovers.

The object of the present invention is to quickly treat pollutants and fish toxic substances in breeding water in the breeding of fish for ornamental fish enthusiasts, and especially to reduce and remove nitrates accumulated in the breeding water and to accumulate nitrates and nitrites. It is intended to establish prevention.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the filtration-integrated water tank and the filtration system according to the present invention include:
The water tank 12 for fish breeding is arbitrarily divided into two vertically, and one or more overflow ports 8 are provided at arbitrary positions on the upper part of the partition plate 7 between the two, and the vertically divided one space of the water tank 12 has three functions from the upper part. The filtration tank is arranged, the siphon 9 is provided as one, the porous filtration material 11 is spread, and the porous filtration material 11 is repeatedly brought into contact with breeding water and air. In response to this, the perforated plate is provided as a moving water filtration tank 2 or 3 provided with a pump water inlet 5 formed as a perforated pipe at the bottom, laid with a porous filter medium 11 and provided with a perforated plate 6 having one or more holes in the bottom plate. Three biological filtration functions of the still water filtration tank 3 in which the perforated plate 6 has a vent plate 4 which penetrates the moving water filtration tank 2 and extends to the air region, and which also serves as a feed tube for the bacteria to serve as a substrate for bacteria. It contains a filter tank having.

In addition, the pump water inlet 5 provided at the bottom,
And, the siphon water suction port, when buried in the porous filter medium 11, is pumped by the porous filter medium 11,
Also, the siphon water suction port may be blocked. For this reason, the moving water filtration tank 2 and the intermittent filtration tank 1 have a double bottom plate and a porous upper bottom plate (22) having an upper bottom plate as a perforated plate is provided to serve as a lower bottom plate. The pump water suction port 5 and the siphon water suction port can be accommodated between the hole plate 6 and the hole plate 6.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The breeding water overflowed and led from an overflow port 8 at an upper part of a partition plate 7 of a fish tank 12 for fish breeding to an intermittent filtration tank 1 equipped with an inverted U-shaped tube or a double tube type siphon 9 When the water level rises to a certain level due to the siphon action, it drops into the moving water filtration tank 2, and when it has finished flowing down, the water level of the intermittent filtration tank 1 rises again. Pump 1 at the bottom that is always operating
Aquarium 1 for fish breeding that is sucked into the pump suction port 5 of 0
Return to 2, the breeding water repeats this circulation.

In a series of circulation of this breeding water, nitrate, which is the final product of nitrogen in pollutants in water, is reduced by denitrifying bacteria, which are facultative anaerobic bacteria living in the still water filter tank (3). Finally, it is released into the atmosphere as nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide gas to dilute or reduce nitrate.

The use of the present invention is not limited to the fish breeding purpose for ornamental fish lovers, but the breeding water amount, living mass, feed amount, nitrate generation amount, nitrate removal amount, circulation of the aquarium water in the fish tank 12 for fish breeding. Since it is considered that each correlation will be established by the amount, effective surface area for microbial implantation of the filter material, etc., it can be used in large-scale aquarium facilities such as aquariums.

The operation will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the intermittent filter tank 1, the porous filter medium 11 in the intermittent filter tank 1 is intermittently exposed to air and breeding water by a siphon action. Therefore, considering the biological filtration function of the intermittent filtration tank 1, the organisms generated in the porous filter medium 11 inevitably become a habitat for microbes and aerobic microorganisms that require oxygen in the air.

In other words, the beach edge of a sandy beach where the air and seawater come into contact with each other intermittently, which has the highest purification effect of the seawater purification in nature, is reproduced.

When the breeding water is polluted by fish excrement and residual food, the active activities of micro-animals and aerobic microorganisms are promoted, and the excrement of fish and organic matter in the residual food are decomposed in a shorter time and nitrogen in the organic matter is decomposed. Is subjected to an early oxidative transformation treatment of ammonia and nitrite to nitrate, which is a fish poison due to biofiltration by nitrifying bacteria.

The breeding water dropped from the intermittent filtration tank 1 is constantly provided at the bottom through the porous filtration material 11 in the fluid filtering tank 2 while changing the position 13 of the breeding water in the fluid filtering tank 2. It is sucked into the pump water inlet 5 of the operating pump 10 and sequentially returns to the fish breeding aquarium.

The water level 13 of the moving water filter tank 2 has a constant amount of breeding water sucked into the pump water inlet 5 of the pump 10 provided at the bottom, which is constantly operating, and the breeding water flowing from the intermittent filtration tank 1 is also constant. Since the amount is intermittent and constant, the amount of breeding water flowing out from the intermittent filtration tank 1 constantly changes in a stereotactic manner.

The biological filtration in the porous filter medium 11 in the moving water filtration tank 2 works as a secondary biological filtration in the intermittent filtration tank 1, and particularly the early oxidative conversion treatment of fish poisons of ammonia and nitrite to nitrate. Is done.

Considering the biological filtration function of the moving water filtration tank 2, the microbial habitat environment of the porous filter medium 11 is
In the upper layer, the aerobic microorganisms become a habitat environment, but in the lower layer of the porous filter medium 11, the upper layer of the porous filter medium 11 becomes the lower layer covered with the porous filter medium 11 due to oxygen consumption by the aerobic microorganisms. It becomes a habitat environment for anaerobic microorganisms.

The breeding water of the still water filtration tank 3 provided with the ventilation pipe 4 which also serves as a feed port for bacteria is connected to the breeding water of the moving water filtration tank 2 by a perforated plate 6 having one or more holes. However, the breeding water in the still water filter tank 3 is maintained in a still water state, and the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water becomes a dead water state in which the dissolved oxygen consumed by the aerobic organism is small or there is no dissolved oxygen.

Therefore, considering the biological filtration function of the still water filtration tank 3, the microbial habitat environment becomes a habitat environment of anaerobic microorganisms even if the porous filter medium 11 is packed or not packed. Denitrifying bacterium, a facultative anaerobic and organotrophic microorganism, which can utilize oxygen in nitrate and nitrite for respiration in anoxic state if nitrate or nitrite and bait which is a substrate of bacteria are present Will be activated to remove nitrates and nitrites or prevent nitrate accumulation.

Regarding the activity and reproduction of the denitrifying bacteria, nitrates used for respiration can be produced and supplied in a series of steps of the breeding water up to the moving water filter tank 2, but the bait which is the substrate of the denitrifying bacteria,
For example, since organic matter that can be used as food is consumed by the moving water filter tank 2 in a series of biological filtration, it is considered that there is no state. Therefore, the food used as a substrate for denitrifying bacteria is currently a biodegradable polymer. A commercially available product sold in solid or liquid form can be supplied by periodically replenishing it from the ventilation pipe 4 which also serves as a substrate inlet for bacteria, and promotes the activity and reproduction of denitrifying bacteria.

Ventilation pipe 4 which penetrates the moving water filtration tank 2 and extends to the air region is provided in the perforated plate 6, and the perforated water in the still water filtration tank 3 having the perforated plate 6 having one or more holes as a top plate , The breeding water of the moving water filtration tank 2 is communicated with the perforated plate 6, and when the pump 10 is in operation, it is affected by the change of the water level 13 of the moving water filtration tank 2 and the change of the inner area of the ventilation pipe 4 and the water level of the moving water filtration tank 2. The volume of breeding water multiplied by the value is partially mixed with the breeding water of the moving water filtration tank 2 and the breeding water of the still water filtration tank 3 in the siphon operation cycle of the intermittent filtration tank 1, and the still water filtration tank 3
The rearing water of the still water filter tank 3 having a reduced amount of nitrates or having no nitrates reduced by denitrifying bacteria in the inside and the rearing water of the moving water filter tank 2 having a large amount of nitrates are agitated, and a water exchange effect occurs due to a diffusion action. The breeding water with reduced nitrate concentration is returned to the aquarium 12 for breeding fish.

[0027]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below. 30% space of the fish tank 12 for fish breeding is divided into two vertically and 30%
The space side is the water purification tank 14. A partition plate 7 is provided between the aquarium 12 for fish breeding and the water purification tank 14 so that breeding water does not flow, and the aquarium 12 for fish breeding is provided above the partition plate 7 and at the water level of the aquarium 12 for fish breeding. At least one overflow port 8 is provided so that breeding water overflowing from the inside enters the intermittent filtration tank 1. The vertically divided 30% space side is used as a filtration tank having three biological filtration functions from the top to the bottom, and as an example, an inverted U-shaped tube or a double tube type siphon 9 is provided and a porous filtration material 11 is spread.
The porous filter medium 11 is repeatedly brought into contact with breeding water and air, and the volume of the filter medium is 5 to 6% of the volume of the filter medium. A water tank having a pump water intake port 5 and a porous filter material 11 laid therein, and a bottom plate having a perforated plate 6 having one or more perforations around the end of the bottom plate which is less likely to be affected by the pump water absorption flow. The moving water filtering tanks 2 and 3 having a volume of 8% filter are used as the top plate, and the perforated plate 6 is used as a top plate, and the ventilation pipe 4 which penetrates the moving water filtering tank 2 and extends to the air region and also serves as a feed substrate for bacteria serves as a hole. It is a filtration-integrated water tank and a filtration system in which a space for accommodating three filtration tanks, which is a still water filtration tank 3 having a volume of 3.5 to 4% of a water tank, provided in the plate 6 is a water purification tank 14.

When the present invention has the above-described structure and is put into practice, an appropriate amount of water is put into the fish tank 12 and the water purification tank 14 to form an underwater pump. The breeding water of the water purification tank 14 flows into the water tank 12, and the water tank 12 for fish breeding has a water level of 8 for the partition plate 7.
The excess breeding water enters the intermittent filtration tank 1 through the overflow port 8 of the partition plate 7, the water level of the intermittent filtration tank 1 rises, and at the same time, the water level 13 of the moving water filtration tank 2 continues to fall and is intermittent. It continues until the siphon 9 of the filtration tank 1 starts to operate. When the siphon 9 starts to operate, the breeding water flows from the intermittent filtration tank 1 to the moving water filtration tank 2, and the water level 13 of the moving water filtration tank 2 rises and starts intermittently. It continues until the siphon 9 of the filtration tank 1 stops. In this repetition, the breeding water in the still water filtration tank 3 is influenced by the change in the water level 13 of the water filtration tank 2 and penetrates the water filtration tank 2 to reach the air region. The volume of breeding water multiplied by the inner area of the vent pipe 4 and the water level 13 change value of the fluid filtration tank 2 is the siphon operation cycle of the intermittent filtration tank 1
Part of the breeding water is mixed, and the water is repeatedly replaced by stirring and spreading. The pump continues to operate, and a constant discharge amount of the pump constantly flows into the fish tank 12 and the intermittent filtration tank 1.

The relation between the biological filtration function of each filtration tank and each filtration tank in this repeated circulation process will be described.
In the biological filtration in the intermittent filtration tank 1, the porous filtration medium 11 intermittently encounters contact with air and breeding water by the operation of the siphon 9, and the breeding water impregnated in contact with the porous filtration medium 11 is always in a saturated state with dissolved oxygen. Due to the presence of a large amount of this dissolved oxygen, the aerobic microorganisms that decompose polluted organic matters in the porous filter medium 11 and the vigorous activity and reproduction of nitrifying bacteria that oxidize ammonia and nitrite that are microbes and fish poisons. Urge. Regarding the relation with other filtration tanks, the operation of the siphon 9 of the intermittent filtration tank 1 controls the partial mixing of the breeding water in the still water filtration tank 3 and the breeding water in the moving water filtration tank 2.

The biological filtration in the moving water filter tank 2 works as a secondary function of the biological filtration in the intermittent filter tank 1, and the untreated polluted organic matters, ammonia and nitrous acid in the intermittent filter tank 1 are permeated in the moving water filter tank 2. Intermittent filtration tank for treating with aerobic microorganisms and micro-animals and nitrifying bacteria that have been generated in the high-quality filter material 11 and for introducing into an anaerobic state which is a nitric acid reducing environment of denitrifying bacteria that occur in the still water filtration tank 3. Dissolve the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water that flowed in from 1,
At the same time as making the water more anoxic, nitrates and nitrites used for respiration of denitrifying bacteria are supplied to the still water filter tank 3. The water level 13 fluctuation value of the moving water filtration tank 2 is involved in the breeding water partial mixture amount generated in the still water filtration tank 3.

Biological filtration in the still water filtration tank 3 is a dead water state in which the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water is maintained in a still water state and the dissolved oxygen consumed by aerobic organisms is extremely small.
Since the breeding water with a small amount of dissolved oxygen in which oxygen is consumed by aerobic organisms in the moving water filtration tank 2 becomes a partial intermittent inflow, the breeding water in the still water filtration tank 3 maintains a nitric acid-reducing environment and is a substrate as a substrate. If it is supplied, the dilution and removal of nitrate by denitrifying bacteria can be reduced. Since the perforated plate 6 is used as the top plate and penetrates the dynamic water filtration tank 2 to the air region and also serves as a feed tube for the bacteria, which serves as a feed tube for the bacteria, the perforated plate 6 is provided on the perforated plate 6 so that the water level fluctuation of the dynamic water filtration tank 2 When the value is constant, it is possible to change the partial mixing amount of the breeding water in the still water filtration tank 3 and the breeding water in the moving water filtration tank 2 by changing the inner area of the ventilation pipe 4.

When the ventilation pipe 4 is immersed in the breeding water in the moving water filtration tank 2, or when the ventilation pipe 4 is not installed, only the surface layer of the breeding water in the moving water filtration tank 2 moves up and down. The breeding water in the water filtration tank 3 and the breeding water in the moving water filtration tank 2 are not partially mixed, and only the diffusion effect of the breeding water is achieved. Therefore, there is an effect of reducing and diluting nitrate and preventing accumulation of nitrate. , Efficiency is reduced.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, this filtration system is used as a water purification device independent of a fish tank.
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, it can also be used as a series of water purification devices in which three filtration tanks are separated and independent, and the amount of water for raising fish, the amount of living organisms, the amount of feed, the amount of nitrates generated, the amount of nitrates removed, and the aquarium water Since it is considered that each correlation is established by the circulation amount and the effective surface area of the filter material for microbial implantation, not only small water tanks for domestic fish breeding but also large-scale aquarium facilities such as aquariums Figure 3 and Figure 4 release gravity method As a water purification device, if necessary, an open gravity type water purification device is used. The ventilation pipe 4 of FIGS. 3 and 4 is sealed with nitrogen gas, or the dissolved oxygen meter or Measuring instruments such as redox potentiometers 19
4 in place of the ventilation pipe 4 of FIG. 3 and the hole plate 6 of FIG.
It is also possible to arrange a control valve 20 in the perforated pipe 18 and continuously or intermittently control the breeding water to be mixed in and out of the still water filtration tank 3 of FIGS. 3 and 4 to reduce the frequency of water change.
Cost reduction is also possible.

[0034]

[Effects of the Invention] Early decomposition of polluted organic matter contained in breeding water, which is harmful due to the action of various microorganisms and small animals when breeding fish, early oxidative transformation treatment of ammonia and nitrite, which are fish poisons, and fish. Although it has low toxicity, it reduces nitrates that are harmful to breeding fish when they are stocked by reducing them to enable long-term breeding of fish, aquatic animals and marine animals. The breeding and work can be simplified by reducing the frequent water change work for breeding water. As a side effect, it has a clean inside and outside because it is a filter-integrated aquarium, it does not require aeration with an air pump when breeding seawater, and the sound is quiet, salted out by the scattering of seawater, that is, dirt due to salt drip, electricity. It is possible to prevent dangers to products and corrosion of metals.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an open gravity type water purification device according to claim 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the open gravity type water purification device according to claim 4 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Intermittent Filtration Tank 2 Dynamic Water Filtration Tank 3 Still Water Filtration Tank 4 Vent Pipe 5 Pump Water Intake Port 6 Pore Plate 7 Partition Plate 8 Overflow Port 9 Siphon 10 Pump 11 Porous Filtration Material 12 Water Tank 13 Water Level 14 Water Purification Tank 15 Opening Pipe 16 Feeding port 17 Overflow pipe 18 Perforated pipe 19 Instrument 20 Control valve 21 Falling pipe 22 Perforated upper bottom plate

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. The water tank (12) is arbitrarily divided into two vertically, and at least one overflow port (8) is provided at an arbitrary position on the upper part of the partition plate (7), and one space of the water tank (12) is divided into two vertically. An intermittent filtration tank (1) equipped with a siphon (9), which receives falling water from the intermittent filtration tank (1), is provided with a pump water intake port (5) at the bottom, and a perforated plate having one or more holes in the bottom plate ( 6) provided with a moving water filtration tank (2), the perforated plate (6) as a top plate, and a ventilation pipe (4) penetrating the moving water filtration tank (2) provided with the perforated plate (6) A filtration-integrated water tank and a filtration system, which accommodates three filtration tanks of a filtration tank (3). 2. An intermittent filtration tank (1) equipped with a siphon (9), which receives falling water from the intermittent filtration tank (1), is provided with a pump water intake port (5) at the bottom, and has one or more holes in the bottom plate. A moving water filtration tank (2) provided with a perforated plate (6), the perforated plate (6) as a top plate, and a ventilation pipe (4) penetrating the hydraulic water filtration tank (2) perforated plate (6) The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein the three filtration tanks of the still water filtration tank (3) provided in the above are integrally housed. 3. A release pipe (15) and an overflow pipe (1) at the outer upper part.
7), a siphon (9) is provided inside, an intermittent filtration tank (1) provided with a falling water pipe (21) at an outer lower portion, an open pipe (15) provided at an outer upper portion, and the falling water pipe (21) is connected. , A pump water inlet (5) in the inner middle part, and a perforated plate (6) having one or more holes in the lower part of the pump water inlet (5), and a vent pipe (4) extending to the outer upper part in the outer lower part And, the upper middle part of the tank having the feed inlet (16) on the upper part of the aeration pipe (4) is the moving water filtration tank (2) and the middle and lower parts are the still water filtration tank (3). The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein the filtration system is interconnected. 4. A release pipe (15) and an overflow pipe (1) are provided on the outer upper part.
7), a siphon (9) is provided inside, an intermittent filtration tank (1) provided with a falling water pipe (21) at an outer lower portion, an open pipe (15) provided at an outer upper portion, and the falling water pipe (21) is connected. A moving water filter tank (2) having a pump water inlet (5) on the inner bottom, a static water filter tank (3) having a vent pipe (4) and a feed inlet (16) on the outer upper part, the moving water A perforated tube (1) having porous both ends for connecting the filtration tank (2) and the still water filtration tank (3)
The filtration system according to claim 1, wherein the three filtration tanks are connected to each other and are connected to each other.