JPH09292344A - Rice-particle-quality discriminating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the rice-particle-quality discriminating apparatus, wherein the constitution of an optical light-receiving means is simplified, the manufacturing cost becomes inexpensive and the fluctuation of the input voltage into an operating circuit is less. SOLUTION: In a rice-particle-quality discriminating apparatus 1, the following parts are provided. A light source 7 projects light ray from the slant upper side to a sample grain particle moved from a sample picking hole 5. A dichroic mirror 8 classifies the amount of the vertical reflected light from the sample grain particle into the long-wavelength component and the short-wavelength component. Two photodetector 9 and 10 receive the amounts of lights having the respective classified wavelengths. A transmitted-light photodetector 11 receives the amount of the vertical transmitted light from the sample grain. The light ray is applied on one grain particle from the light source 7, from the slant upper side. A cracked-rice detecting photodetector 12, which receives the amount of the slant transmitted light from the sample grain particle, is provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rice grain quality determination device for determining the quality of brown rice or white rice.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a device for discriminating the quality of rice grains, for example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 3-60382 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-643 have been disclosed.
The one disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 28543 is known.
The inventions disclosed in these publications are tilted rotation of a disk provided with a plurality of sampling holes in the outer peripheral edge, irradiating light to each brown rice grain of the sample brown rice, and diffuse transmission light amount and diffuse reflection light amount and The amount of light of any two wavelengths in diffuse reflection light and the amount of transmitted light at two positions for each grain of each brown rice are detected, and the ratio of each amount of light is determined to classify the quality of each grain of brown rice. It is a thing. Then, by detecting the respective light quantities, calculating the ratio thereof, and performing the judgment processing, the quality of the brown rice can be classified more finely, and the influence of the grain shape on the judgment accuracy of the classification can be eliminated.

[0003]

The above-mentioned conventional rice grain quality discriminating apparatus classifies the quality of brown rice more finely and eliminates the influence of the grain shape on the judgment accuracy of the classification. It is necessary to provide a total of 6 types of light receiving elements as optical light receiving means for receiving the light amount, the light amount of any two wavelengths in the diffuse reflected light amount, and the transmitted light amount at two positions for each grain of brown rice. there were. As a result, the structure of the optical light receiving means becomes complicated, and the manufacturing cost is increased. Further, since a large number of light receiving elements are provided, the fluctuation of the input voltage to the determination control unit is large, which may cause variations in the accuracy of measuring rice grains.

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a rice grain quality discriminating apparatus which simplifies the construction of the optical light receiving means to reduce the manufacturing cost and has little fluctuation of the input voltage to the discrimination control section. Is a technical issue.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a rotating disk having a plurality of sampling holes at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral edge, and a sample transferred by the sampling holes. A light source that irradiates a light beam for each rice grain, a detection unit that detects the amount of transmitted / reflected light of the sample rice grains obtained by irradiation with the light source, and a detection signal input from the detection unit as a predetermined value. A rice grain quality determination device comprising a determination control unit that determines the quality rank of the sample rice grains in comparison, wherein the detection unit is a unit for transferring one grain of the sample rice grains from the light source from the light source. A first irradiator that irradiates the guided light rays from two points above the slope, and a dichroic mirror that divides the amount of light vertically reflected from the sample rice grain into a long-wavelength component (R) and a short-wavelength component (G), respectively. Light of each wavelength And a transmitted light receiving element for receiving the vertically transmitted light amount (T) from the sample rice grain, and irradiating the light beam from the light source to the sample rice grain from above the tilt. A technical means has been provided in which an irradiating section and a light receiving element for detecting a body crack that receives the obliquely transmitted light amount from the sample grain obtained by irradiating with the second irradiating section are provided.

Further, the determination control section determines the transmission / reflection ratio {(R) from the vertical transmission light amount (T) and the diffuse reflection light obtained by the sum of the long wavelength component (R) and the short wavelength component (G).
+ G) / T} and the spectral ratio (R / G) between the long-wavelength component and the short-wavelength component, and further, the vertical transmitted light amount (T) and the long-wavelength component (R) and the short-wavelength. Total product of the sum of these three elements from the component (G) {(R × G ×
T) / (R + G + T)} may be calculated as the determination data for determining the quality rank of the sample rice grain.

Then, the quality rank is determined by the judgment data and a predetermined judgment algorithm, and the judgment algorithm uses the spectral ratio (R / G) values A and B as threshold values for blue-dead effect. The transmission / reflection ratio is divided into a first region in which rice and green immature are mixed, a second region in which dead white rice, milky grains, and sized grains are mixed, and a third region in which damaged grains and colored grains are mixed. Using the values C, D, and E of {(R + G) / T} as threshold values, blue dead rice and blue immature rice in the first region and white dead rice, milky white grains, and sized rice in the second region are classified, respectively. , And the total product of the total sum {(R × G × T) / (R + G +
It is advisable to classify the damaged particles and the colored particles in the third region with the value F of T)} as a threshold value.

[0008] Further, by connecting a body detecting waveform detecting device to the body detecting element for detecting body cracking, an electric signal HM for detecting a valley portion of the light intensity distribution irradiated on the sample rice grains, and a mountain having a high light intensity distribution. And an electric signal H2 for detecting a mountain having a low light intensity distribution are input to the determination control unit, and the determination control unit determines that a barrel crack is generated by the electrical signal HM of the valley portion. It is advisable to discriminate between sized particles, and discriminate between body-splitting grains and opalescent grains based on the electric signals H1 and H2 of the mountain portion.

[0009]

[Operation and effect] The detection section includes a light receiving element for a long wavelength component, a light receiving element for a short wavelength component, a transmitted light receiving element,
Since it is composed of a total of four light-receiving elements including the light-receiving element for detecting the crack in the body, the rice grain that simplifies the structure of the optical light-receiving means to reduce the manufacturing cost and has little fluctuation in the input voltage to the determination control unit. It has become possible to provide a quality determination device.

The determination control unit determines the dead blue rice, unripe green, dead white rice, milky white grains, and sized particles based on the transmission / reflection ratio {(R + G) / T} and the spectral ratio (R / G). Distinguish each one,
Total product of the sum of the three elements of (R), (G), and (T) {(R
Since the damaged grain and the colored grain are distinguished by (× G × T) / (R + G + T)}, the brown-colored damaged grain and the black-colored grain which have been difficult to distinguish in the past can be easily distinguished.

Further, a body crack detecting waveform detecting device is connected to the light receiving element for body crack detection, and an electric signal HM for detecting a valley portion of the light intensity distribution irradiated on the sample grain and a peak having a high light intensity distribution are detected. Since the electric signal H1 to be detected and the electric signal H2 to detect the peak of the low light intensity distribution are input to the judgment control unit to judge the cleft cracks, only the judgment between the sized particles and the cleft cracks is performed. Instead, it becomes possible to distinguish between milky white particles / partially colored particles and barrel cracked particles mixed in the sizing by the electric signals H1 and H2.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the detection unit of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the circuits of the detection unit and the determination control unit of the present invention, FIGS. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of an optical detection unit.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a rice grain quality discriminating device, reference numeral 2 is a rotating disk, and reference numeral 3 is an optical detecting section.
A large number of sampling holes 5 are provided on the circumference of the rotary disc 2 around the rotary shaft 4 of the rotary disc 2. Then, rice grains are housed in the sampling holes 5 one by one, and a transparent member 31 such as a glass plate is provided below the sampling holes 5 so that the rice grains do not drop. The rotating disc 2 is the rotating shaft 4
It is rotationally driven by the motor 6 mounted on the shaft.

The optical detecting section 3 is provided so as to sandwich the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating disk 2 and mainly detects the color of rice grains based on the long-wavelength component and the short-wavelength component in the transmitted light quantity and the reflected light quantity. It is composed of one head 3a and a second head 3b which mainly detects cracks in the rice grain based on the amount of transmitted light.

The first head 3a includes a light source 7 for irradiating a grain of rice transferred from the sample collecting hole 5 with light from above, and a vertical reflection light amount from the grain of rice having a long wavelength component and a short wavelength component. A dichroic mirror 8 that is divided into components and
A red light receiving element 9 for detecting the light amount of the long wavelength component, a green light receiving element 10 for detecting the light amount of the short wavelength component, and a transmitted light receiving element 11 for receiving the vertically transmitted light amount from the rice grain are provided. The light source 7 may be, for example, a halogen lamp or the like, and may be guided to the light irradiation units 14A and 14B provided above the sample collection hole 5 via the optical fibers 13A and 13B. The light irradiators 14A and 14B are provided in an inverted eight shape so as to sandwich the front and rear in the length direction of the rice grain (see FIG. 4), and the black slit 32 embedded in the transparent member 31 is focused. . Reference numeral 15 is a condenser tube, which is connected to the dichroic mirror 8. The dichroic mirror 8 divides the condensed light into a long wavelength component and a short wavelength component. The red light is passed between the dichroic mirror 8 and the red light receiving element 9, for example, 60.
A bandpass filter 16 of 0 to 700 nm is provided, and a bandpass filter 17 of, for example, 500 to 600 nm that passes green light is provided between the dichroic mirror 8 and the green light receiving element 10.

Further, the second head 3b is provided with a light irradiating section 14C for irradiating a ray of light from the light source 7 to one grain of rice from above, and below the rotary disc 2 from the rice grain. A single cylinder crack detecting light receiving element 12 that receives the amount of transmitted light is provided (see FIG. 5). The light source of the second head 3b may use the light of the light source 7, and guides it to the light irradiation unit 14C via the optical fiber 13C. Light irradiation unit 1
4C is inclined with respect to the rotating disc 2 (for example, 50
It is provided so that the black slit 33 is in focus, and it is possible to irradiate the rice grain with an oblique ray.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the timing detection for detecting that the rice grain has reached a predetermined measurement position by rotating the rotary disc 2 is carried out separately from the rotary disc 2 as shown in FIG. 5
A timing plate 19 having a timing hole 18 corresponding to is provided, and this is performed by detecting this with the position detection sensors 20 and 20.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, the red light receiving element 9,
An input circuit of each detection signal of the green light receiving element 10, the transmitted light receiving element 11, the body crack detecting light receiving element 12, and the position detection sensors 20 and 20 will be described. The red-light receiving element 9, the green-light receiving element 10, the transmitted-light receiving element 11 and the body-breaking detection light-receiving element 12 convert the respective amounts of light received into electrical signals and output the electrical signals. Among them, the light receiving elements 9, 10, 11 are connected to the amplifiers 21, 22, 23, respectively, while the light receiving element 12 for detecting the body cracking is
It is connected to the crack detection waveform detecting device 24. The output signal of the body cracking waveform detection device 24 is divided into three, and these three output signals and one output signal of the light receiving element 12 are amplified by the amplifiers 25 and 2.
6 and 27 are respectively input to form an AND circuit. The output signals from the amplifiers 21, 22, 23, 25, 26 and 27 are input to the A / D converter 28. The input signal is A / D converted by the A / D converter 28 and input to the CPU 29 which serves as a determination control unit.
Position detection sensors 20, 2 for detecting the timing hole 18
0 is also input to the CPU 29.

Further, the CPU 29, which serves as a judgment control unit,
A sorting device 30 for sorting the sized particles and the defective particles into six types is connected. The sorting device 30 is configured to blow and sort in different directions by compressed air sent from a compressor (not shown) according to the optical discrimination result of the CPU 29.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described. When the rice grains placed on the sample collection hole 5 of the rotating disk 2 reach the light irradiation parts 14A and 14B, light is emitted from the upper side inclined with respect to the rice grain length direction. The light diffusely reflected on the surface of the rice grain and inside the rice grain is incident on the dichroic mirror 8 from the condenser cylinder 15 and is divided into a long wavelength component and a short wavelength component. The long wavelength component is received by the red light receiving element 9, and the short wavelength component is received by the green light receiving element 10. On the other hand, the light diffused and transmitted inside the rice grain is received by the transmitted light receiving element 11. Each light receiving element 9, 10, 1
Each light quantity of 1 is converted into an electric signal, and the amplifier 2
CPU via 1, 22, 23 and A / D converter 28
29.

The CPU 29 has a RAM (not shown) for storing the electric signals of the respective light amounts input from the A / D converter 28.
The data is stored in the memory, the ratio of the respective light quantities is calculated from this signal, and used as the judgment data for judging the quality rank. That is, RA
Transmitted from the amount of transmitted light (T) stored in M and the diffuse reflected light due to the sum of the long wavelength component (R) and the short wavelength component (G).
The reflection ratio {(R + G) / T} is calculated, and the spectral ratio (R / G) is calculated from the long wavelength component (R) and the short wavelength component (G).
Is stored in the RAM as the determination data. Also,
The CPU 29 calculates the total sum and the total product from the long wavelength component (R), the short wavelength component (G), and the transmitted light amount (T),
The total product {(R × G × T) / (R + G + T)} of the total sum is calculated and stored in the RAM as determination data. The total product of this total is obtained in order to quantify the degree of variation in the light amount components of the three elements (R), (G), and (T). This will be described in detail with reference to Table 1.

[0022]

[Table 1] Table 1 shows combinations of lengths when calculating the volume of the rectangular parallelepiped. For example, considering the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped, it can be seen that there are 5 patterns in which the volume becomes 64. However, even if the volumes are the same 64 as described above, there is a difference in each length, and Table 1
In the above example, the sum of the components (length + width + height) of pattern 1 is 12, which means that the variation of the components is the smallest. This principle is applied to (R), (G), and (T) to calculate the total product {(R × G × T) / (R + G + T)} of the total sum.

The light receiving element 12 for detecting the body crack also converts the light amount into an electric signal in the same manner as described above. When the body-breaking detection light-receiving element 12 detects body-breaking particles, a waveform of an electric signal having a portion that once drops in a hollow shape and then rises again is detected. At this time, the body cracking waveform detection device 24
Three electric signals are output: an electric signal HM for detecting a trough of the body cracking waveform, an electric signal H1 for detecting a crest of the body breaking waveform, and an electric signal H2 for detecting a crest of a body breaking waveform (Fig. 8). Then, the electric signals HM, H1, H
2 is an amplifier 25, 26, 27 and an A / D converter 2
It is input to the CPU 29 via 8. In the CPU 29,
The electric signals HM, H1, and H2 are stored in the RAM, and compared with a predetermined threshold value to determine a crack in the cylinder.

Next, the determination of the quality rank of rice grains will be described. The quality rank of rice grains, in particular, for the judgment of coloring, transmission / reflection ratio {(R + G) / T} and spectral ratio (R / G)
And the total product of the summation {(R × G × T) / (R + G + T)}
And three judgment data of electric signals HM, H1, and H2 are used for judgment of a body crack.

The measurement of brown rice will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. Steps 101 and 10 in FIG.
In 2, the determination is made by the spectral ratio (R / G). If the spectral ratio is 130 or less, the degree of greenish color is stronger, and 130 to 1
There is a characteristic that the degree of white is stronger at 70, and the degree of red (brown) is stronger at 170 or more. In step 101, the threshold is set to 130 to distinguish between green and other color systems. In this way, in step 102, the threshold value is set to 170 so that the white type and the colored type can be distinguished. This will be described with reference to the determination graph of FIG. 7. The abscissa of the graph is the spectral ratio (R / G), and the threshold values 130 and 170 cause the blue dead rice, the first region where blue immature is mixed, and the white region. It is divided into a second area in which dead rice, milky white particles and sized particles are mixed, and a third area in which damaged particles and colored particles are mixed.

Steps 103, 104 and 105 of FIG.
Then, the discrimination is performed based on the transmission / reflection ratio {(R + G) / T}. This transmission / reflection ratio has a characteristic that it is difficult to transmit as the numerical value increases, which will be described with reference to the determination graph of FIG. 7. The vertical axis of the graph shows the transmission / reflection ratio {(R + G) /
T}, and the threshold value 230 distinguishes between blue dead rice and green immature rice in the first region, and the threshold values 460 and 220 distinguish between white dead rice, milky white grains and sized rice in the second region. .

Next, in step 106 of FIG. 6,
The brown-colored damaged particles, which cannot be classified by the spectral ratio and the transmission / reflection ratio, and the black-colored colored particles, which have poorer light transmission than the damaged particles, are discriminated. This will be described with reference to the determination graph of FIG. 7. The total product {(R × G × T) / (R + G + T)} calculated from (R), (G), and (T) is equal to the threshold value 90. It is determined by whether or not it is larger than that, and the damaged grain and the colored grain in the third area are distinguished.

Further, in step 107 of FIG.
The cracking of the rice grain, which has been determined to be sized in step 105, is determined. Electrical signals HM, H
Three judgment data of 1 and HH2 are used. That is, the C
If the PU 29 has a value smaller than or equal to a predetermined threshold value by the valley HM in the barrel cracking waveform of FIG.
Distinguish between sized particles and opalescent particles / partially colored particles. The crumbling waveform shown in FIG. 8 (a) has a portion that once drops in a hollow shape and then rises again, but this waveform may be similar to milky white particles / partially colored particles mixed in sizing. (Fig. 8 (b)
reference). In order to discriminate between the opalescent grains / partially colored grains and the cracked grains, the CPU 29 further compares the barrel split level based on the sum of the electrical signals H1 and H2 with the electrical signals H1 and H2. Calculate the body split index. And
Depending on whether or not the body splitting level and the body splitting index reach a predetermined threshold value, the opalescent grains / partially colored grains and the barrel split grains may be discriminated.

Next, the measurement of white rice will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. In the measurement of white rice, the spectral ratio (R /
G) and transmission / reflection ratio {(R + G) / T}. In step 110, the spectral ratio (R
/ G) is 150 or more, and the transmission / reflection ratio {(R +
If G) / T} is 180 or less, it is determined to be a powdery grain, and otherwise, the process proceeds to step 111. Step 111
Then, if the spectral ratio (R / G) is 130 or more, it is determined that the particles are colored particles, and if not, the process proceeds to step 112. In step 112, if the spectral ratio (R / G) is 80 or more, it is determined that the particles are damaged particles, and if not, the process proceeds to step 113.
In step 113, if the transmission / reflection ratio {(R + G) / T} is 80 or more, it is determined that the particles are sized, and if the ratio is 80 or less, it is determined that the particles are crushed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the detection unit of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing circuits of a detection unit and a determination control unit according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing a first head of the optical detection unit.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a second head of the optical detector.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart for measuring brown rice.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship of distribution of light amount ratios when measuring brown rice.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing detection waveforms for a body cracking grain, a milky white / partially colored grain, and a sized grain.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart for measuring white rice.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship of distribution of light intensity ratios when measuring white rice.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 rice grain quality discriminating device 2 rotating disc 3 optical detecting unit 4 rotating shaft 5 sampling hole 6 motor 7 light source 8 dichroic mirror 9 red light receiving element 10 green light receiving element 11 transmitted light receiving element 12 light receiving element for detecting cracks in the body 13 Optical Fiber 14 Light Irradiation Section 15 Condenser Tube 16 Bandpass Filter 17 Bandpass Filter 18 Timing Hole 19 Timing Plate 20 Position Detection Sensor 21 Amplifier 22 Amplifier 23 Amplifier 24 Trunk Break Waveform Detector 25 Amplifier 26 Amplifier 27 Amplifier 28 A / D Converter 29 CPU 30 Sorting device 31 Transparent member 32 Black slit 33 Black slit

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A rotating disk having a plurality of sampling holes at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral edge, and a light source for irradiating a light beam to each of the rice grains of the sample transported by the sampling hole, A detection unit that detects the amount of transmitted / reflected light of the sample rice grains obtained by irradiation with the light source, and a determination control that determines the quality rank of the sample rice grains by comparing a detection signal input from the detection unit with a predetermined value. A rice grain quality discriminating device having a section,
The detection unit, the first irradiation unit for irradiating a light beam guided from the light source from two upper slopes to one sample rice grain transferred by the sampling hole, and the vertical reflection light amount from the sample rice grain. A dichroic mirror that divides into a long-wavelength component (R) and a short-wavelength component (G), and two light-receiving elements that receive light amounts of the respective divided wavelengths,
A second light irradiator for irradiating a light beam from the light source from above the tilt and a second light irradiator, which is provided with a transmitted light light receiving element for receiving the vertically transmitted light amount (T) from the sample rice corn. And a light receiving element for detecting a barrel crack that receives the amount of obliquely transmitted light from the sample grain obtained by irradiating the sample grain. 2. The determination control unit, the vertical transmission light amount (T), the long wavelength component (R) and the short wavelength component (G)
Transmission / reflection ratio from the diffuse reflection light by the sum of {(R + G)
/ T} and the spectral ratio (R / G) between the long-wavelength component and the short-wavelength component, and further, the vertically transmitted light amount (T), the long-wavelength component (R) and the short-wavelength component ( The total product {(R × G × T) / (R
+ G + T)} is calculated and used as the determination data for determining the quality rank of the sample rice grain. 3. A quality rank is determined by the determination data and a predetermined determination algorithm, wherein the determination algorithm is a value A of the spectral ratio (R / G),
With B as a threshold value, there are a first region in which blue dead rice and green immature are mixed, a second region in which white dead rice, milky white grains and sized grains are mixed, and a third region in which damaged grains and colored grains are mixed. It is divided into the above
Using the values C, D and E of the reflection ratio {(R + G) / T} as threshold values, the blue dead rice and blue immature in the first region and the white dead rice, milky white grains and sized grains in the second region are respectively A method in which the damaged particles and the colored particles in the third region are classified by using the value F of the total product {(R × G × T) / (R + G + T)} of the total sum as a threshold value. The rice grain quality determination device described in 2. 4. An electric signal HM for detecting a trough portion of a light intensity distribution irradiated to the sample rice grain by connecting a body detection waveform detecting device to the light receiving element for detecting a body crack, and a mountain having a high light intensity distribution. And an electric signal H2 for detecting a mountain with a low light intensity distribution are input to the determination control unit, and the determination control unit receives the electric signal H for the valley portion.
4. The rice grain quality determination device according to claim 1, wherein the cracked grain and the sized grain are discriminated by M, and the cracked grain and the opalescent grain are discriminated by the electric signals H1 and H2 of the mountain portion.