JPH0921636A - Apparatus for monitoring behavior of ground and structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To automatically measure displacement of the ground and a structure to estimate and analyze a displacement behavior. SOLUTION: The apparatus for monitoring behavior of the ground and a structure includes a target 1 set at a point to be monitored, distance and angle measuring means 2, 3 for measuring the distance from the monitoring point to the target and angles in the horizontal and vertical directions, and monitoring means 4, 5 for calculating coordinate values of the monitored point from measurement data of the distance and angle measuring means 2, 3 for monitoring the displacement behavior with time, for performing measurement of the monitoring point every measurement interval which has been set in advance. The monitoring means 4 includes a coordinates calculating means 12 for calculating the coordinates values of the monitored point from the measurement data of the distance and angle measuring means, a judging means 14 for obtaining the displacement behavior from the coordinate value data to judge displacement level, a warning means 15 for issuing an alarm according to the judgement of the judging means 14 and an evaluating and analyzing means 17 for evaluating and analyzing the displacement behavior from the coordinate value, data, wherein the displacement behavior level is judged in real time for issuing an alarm or evaluating and analyzing the future.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus for monitoring and predicting and analyzing displacement behavior of ground such as slopes and buildings such as bridges.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In cut slope work such as construction work, road work, dam work, etc., the number of difficult works is increasing due to topographical and geological complexity, and there is a high possibility of encountering disasters such as sediment collapse. Has become. Therefore, foreseeing the occurrence of these disasters during construction can be said to be an important issue in terms of safety management aspects of construction and facilitation of the process.

There are two methods for observing the slope during construction of the slope, a visual method and a method using an extensometer or an underground inclinometer. Of these methods, if there is no sign of slip displacement, etc., it relies only on visual observation of the slope surface, but the slip surface can be identified by the occurrence of cracks or changes that are signs of collapse. In that case, the current situation is to install an extensometer or an underground inclinometer at the site to grasp its behavior.

[0004]

However, the method of visually observing the sloped surface at the site has a problem that the person who performs the visual inspection causes variations in the observation results and that the minute change in the sloped surface cannot be grasped. . On the other hand, the method of observing the slope with an extensometer or an underground inclinometer requires large-scale work such as drilling and wiring to install them, and also in measurement. As the frequency increases, it takes time and effort. Moreover, in order to facilitate data organization, automatic measurement must be used,
The cost will be higher. The current slope surface observation has the above-mentioned problems, and it is desired to realize a method with high measurement accuracy and easy position, measurement and data organization.

The present invention is to solve the above problems and provides a ground / building behavior monitoring device capable of automatically measuring the displacement of the ground or a building and performing a predictive analysis of the displacement behavior. The purpose is to do.

[0006]

To this end, the present invention is a ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus for monitoring and predicting the displacement behavior of the ground or building over time, and a target installed at a monitored point. And distance measuring / angle measuring means for measuring the distance from the monitoring point to the target of the monitored point and the angles in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction with time, and the measured data of the distance measuring / angle measuring means And a monitoring means for calculating coordinate values and monitoring displacement behavior over time.

Further, the distance measuring / angle measuring means performs measurement of the monitored point at every preset measurement interval, and the monitoring means calculates the coordinate value of the monitored point from the measurement data of the distance measuring / angle measuring means. A coordinate calculating means for calculating, a determining means for determining the displacement level of the monitored point from the coordinate value data to determine the displacement level, an alarm means for issuing an alarm according to the determination of the determining means, and a displacement from the coordinate value data. It is characterized by comprising a predictive analysis means for predicting and analyzing behavior.

[0008]

In the ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus of the present invention, the target installed at the monitored point, the distance from the monitored point to the target at the monitored point, and the horizontal and vertical angles are measured with time. Since the distance measuring / angle measuring means and the monitoring means for calculating the coordinate value of the monitored point from the measured data of the distance measuring / angle measuring means to monitor the displacement behavior over time, the target and the distance measuring means are provided.・ Installation of angle measuring means makes it possible to easily monitor displacement behavior over time.

Further, the distance measuring / angle measuring means performs measurement of the monitored point at every preset measurement interval, and the monitoring means uses the coordinate data of the monitored point from the measured data of the distance measuring / angle measuring means. Coordinate determining means for calculating the displacement behavior of the monitored point from the coordinate value data, determining means for determining the displacement level, alarm means for issuing an alarm according to the determination of the determining means, and the coordinate value data Equipped with a predictive analysis means for performing predictive analysis of displacement behavior, it is possible to determine the level of displacement behavior in real time to issue an alarm and to perform future predictive analysis, ensuring construction safety. it can.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment, where 1 is a target and 2
Is a distance measuring / angle measuring device, 3 is a scanning drive unit, 4 is a monitoring device, 5 and 15 are alarm devices, 11 is an input processing unit, 12 is a coordinate value calculation unit, 13 is a measured data storage unit, and 14 is behavior determination. Processing unit,
Reference numeral 16 is a management reference value, 17 is a behavior prediction analysis unit, 18 is an output unit, and 19 is a control unit.

In FIG. 1A, a target 1 is a prism or a reflection sheet, for example, which reflects a light wave in the emission direction, and is installed on the entire surface of the paste in order to catch the paste surface in a planar manner. Generally, a prism has a distance of 70 m.
It is used in the above cases, and the reflection sheet is used when the length is less than 70 m. Further, the prism can handle an inclination angle of about 30 °, and the reflection sheet can handle an inclination angle of about 15 °. The distance / angle measuring device 2 emits a laser beam toward the target 1 and detects the reflected light to measure the angle θ, φ between the oblique distance d to the target 1 and the horizontal and vertical directions. It is mounted on the scanning drive unit 3 whose position is fixed by, for example, a tripod, and is pivotally driven by the scanning drive unit 3 in horizontal and vertical (vertical and horizontal) directions. Therefore, by registering the installation direction of the target 1 in advance and drivingly controlling the scan driving unit 3 in that direction, it is possible to efficiently perform distance measurement and angle measurement of the target 1. Note that such a combination of the target 1 and the distance measuring / angle measuring device 2 has been used so far for detecting the self-position of a ship. The monitoring device 4 sends a control signal to the scanning drive unit 3 so that the laser beam of the distance measuring / gonimeter 2 is emitted in the installation direction of the target 1, and each target 1 measured by the distance measuring / gonimeter 2 is measured. Of the distance d and the angles θ and φ between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and performs processing for monitoring and predicting slope failure, which is the monitored point where the target 1 is installed, such as a personal computer. When it is determined that the risk of collapse has become high by performing a plurality of levels of displacement behavior determination, the alarm device 5 issues an alarm according to the level, for example, by a yellow light, a red light, a buzzer, a siren, or the like. Therefore, the monitoring device 4 includes the distance measuring / angle measuring device 2
It is provided with a storage means for storing the measurement data obtained by performing the calculation processing of the coordinate values and the like, a processing means for performing various kinds of processing such as alarm determination processing and collapse prediction analysis on the measurement data, a keyboard, a display, and a printer. When the target 1 is installed, its position information (measurement point,
Or monitoring points), measurement intervals (hours and minutes), and setting and inputting reference values for judgment processing that are control values.
The distance / angle measuring device 2 and the scanning drive unit 3 are controlled in accordance with the measurement intervals, the measurement data is fetched, and the determination and analysis processes are executed.

FIG. 1B shows a concrete example of the block configuration of the monitoring device. When the measurement time comes according to the preset measurement interval, the control unit 19 controls the position information of each target 1. In accordance with this, a drive command to the monitoring point is sent to the scanning drive unit 3 one by one, and the operation of each processing unit and arithmetic unit inside is controlled. In synchronism with this, the input processing unit 11 takes in each data of the angles θ and φ between the distance d of each target 1 and the horizontal and vertical directions from the distance / angle measuring device 2. By thus registering the position information of each target 1 and driving the scan driving unit 3, it is possible to eliminate unnecessary operations and time and to perform efficient measurement, as compared with measurement in which scanning is performed uniformly in the xy directions. it can. In the input processing unit 11, for example, a measurement distance of 150 m is obtained by taking in measurement data of a plurality of times for several seconds and excluding (error erasing) abnormal data having extremely different measurement values to perform averaging processing. Even 2 mm
The measurement error can be kept within a certain range. From the measurement data thus averaged, the coordinate value calculation unit 1
2 calculates the coordinate value (x, y, z) of each target 1,
The measurement data is stored in the storage unit 13 in sequence. Therefore, the measurement data storage unit 13 stores the coordinate value of each target for each measurement time (in time series).

The behavior determination processing section 14 compares the displacement √ (x ² + y ² + z ² ) of each target with the management reference value based on the management reference value 16 held in the register, for example, to issue an alarm. Then, the alarm device 15 is operated. For example, regarding the management reference value at the construction stage and the landslide phenomenon that appears on the surface of the earth, in the optical wave range finder, there are 5 corresponding categories depending on the number of continuous days and the displacement speed during that period.
In case of mm or more / 10 days, check / precaution or strengthen observation, if 5 to 50 mm or more / 5 days, consider measures 1
0-100 mm or more / Alert / emergency measures in case of 1 day,
In case of 100 mm or more / one day, it is considered as strict warning / temporary evacuation. Therefore, according to such criteria, 1
By determining the difference between the displacements 5 days ago, 5 days ago, and 10 days ago, and comparing them with these criteria, it is possible to determine which correspondence category is applicable, and depending on the determination, an alarm or siren with a red light is used. By properly using the warnings, etc., it is possible to issue warnings according to the corresponding classification at the site.

The behavior predicting / analyzing unit 17 uses the measurement data accumulated in time series to obtain, for example, a change over time of strain or a distribution of displacement for plotting, or information for strain time velocity, relative displacement, etc. for creep collapse. It is used to predict the time. Therefore, the behavior prediction / analysis unit 17 predicts a collapse that may occur in the future, with respect to the behavior determination processing unit 14 that makes a real-time determination when the alarm is issued, and therefore, the behavior prediction / analysis unit 17 predicts the collapse in daily life. It is executed based on the judgment and instruction of necessity of the examination while grasping the displacement behavior of. The output unit 18 outputs various prediction diagrams and the like analyzed by the behavior prediction / analysis unit 17.

Next, the specific processing and work flow will be described. 2 is a diagram for explaining the flow of measurement and monitoring processing by the ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the overall work and processing flow, and FIG. 4 is for displacement data. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of edited output, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams showing an example of output of behavior prediction analysis data.

First, the measurement data is taken in as shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), after waiting for the preset measurement time (step S11), the control unit of the monitoring device designates the monitored point (step S12), so that the measurement data of each monitoring point is obtained. It is taken into the input processing unit from the distance / angle measuring device (step S13). This is repeated for all monitored points (step S14).

With respect to the measured data taken in, the coordinate value of each monitored point is calculated from the distance d of the measured data and the angles θ and φ between the horizontal and vertical directions as shown in FIG. S15), the displacement is calculated by calculating the length with the coordinate value at the time of installation (step S1).
6). When the displacement is obtained, it is 10 from the difference with the displacement one day ago.
It is compared with the management reference value such as whether it is 100 mm or more / one day (step S17), and when it exceeds the management reference value (step S18), an alarm is issued according to the content (step S17). S19).

The above is the measurement data acquisition and behavior determination processing. As for the flow of the whole work and processing, as shown in FIG. 3, first, two or more coordinate known points (fixed points) are set (step S21). This is a reference point for determining the machine position, and if the number of points increases, the measurement accuracy can be improved. Next, the target is set (step S22). In order to capture the surface of the glue, a target is installed on the whole of the glue and the measurement distance is 100m.
It is desirable to separate them at intervals of 3 m or more. Further, a distance-measuring / angle-measuring device is installed (step S23), and the machine position is determined by collimating the reference point. Then, the measurement point (monitored point), the management reference value, the measurement interval, and the like are set (step S24), and the measurement based on the setting is started (step S25). When the measurement is started, it is judged whether or not the measurement data exceeds the control reference value (step S2
6) If it exceeds, an alarm is issued (step S2).
7) Then, the process returns to step S25 and repeats the measurement. If the measurement is not over, it is determined whether or not the construction has further proceeded (step S28). If the construction is not in progress, the procedure returns to step S25 to repeat the measurement, and if the construction is in progress, the target expansion or relocation will be considered in accordance with the progress of cutting, so the target expansion is required. It is determined whether or not (step S29).
If the target is added, after the target is installed (step S30), the process returns to the setting of the measurement conditions in step S24. If the target is not added, whether or not there is an instruction to conduct a displacement behavior study Is determined (step S31). For example, when the measurement work of the day is completed every day, an instruction to study the displacement behavior is given for future collapse prediction analysis. If there is an instruction to examine the displacement behavior, the displacement data can be edited and a temporal change diagram according to the displacement amount (scalar amount) as shown in FIG. 4A or FIG. 4B, for example.
A three-dimensional displacement distribution map or the like in which the displacement amount is displayed as a vector is output (step S32), the steady strain rate is calculated from the obtained time-dependent change diagram, and the behavior predictive analysis is performed to perform various analyzes. Of the prediction diagram (step S32-
S33), if there is no instruction, the process directly returns to step S25 to repeat the measurement.

In the behavior predictive analysis, for example, the occurrence time of a landslide or a slope failure is predicted and a prediction map thereof is output. As this method, there are three methods of rough prediction, proximity prediction and precise prediction as described above. Known (Matataka Saito, "Demonstration Soil Engineering" Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd. January 30, 1992)
(1st edition, 1st edition, pp. 155-160).
By using such a prediction method, for example, FIG.
A schematic prediction diagram obtained from the steady strain rate in the second creep region as shown in (a) and a diagram based on the inverse proportional law in the third creep region as shown in FIG. 5 (b) It is possible to output a proximity prediction diagram, a precision prediction diagram by linear display on a semi-logarithmic chart as shown in FIG. 6, and the like as a prediction analysis result.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of arrangement of targets in the case of slope failure prediction, and FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of distance measurement / angle measurement by a prism and a lightwave distance measurement / angle measurement device. Two
1 is a target, 22 is a prism, 23 is a surveying pole, 24 is a distance-measuring / angle-measuring machine, 25 is a laser transmitter, 26
Indicates a laser receiver.

When predicting the collapse of a slope such as a slope, the target 21 is appropriately arranged according to the condition of the ground on the slope as shown in FIG. 7, and after the start of measurement as described above. While observing the displacement behavior, the target 21 in those areas depending on whether or not there are judgments such as areas requiring attention
Increase or decrease the number of placed. As the target 21, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, the surveying pole 2 embedded in the paste surface is used.
A prism 22 is attached to 3. Then, laser light is emitted from the laser transmitter of the distance measuring / angle measuring device 24 to the target 21, and the reflected laser light is received by the laser receiver 26 of the distance measuring / angle measuring device 24 to measure the distance d. . Then, the distance d is taken in as measurement data together with the angle θ in the horizontal direction and the angle φ in the vertical direction of the distance measuring / angle measuring device 24 at this time.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the above embodiment, the slope collapse predicting device has been described,
The displacement behavior of the wall surface in the tunnel, the behavior of the ground ground in the shield tunnel excavation route, and the behavior of the floor slab of the bridge and the form of the girder (beam) at the time of placing concrete are not limited to a wide range of ground. It goes without saying that the same can be applied to the behavior monitoring of buildings. Furthermore, although the distance-measuring / angle-measuring device using light waves is used, ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or the like may be used, which makes it possible to monitor the displacement behavior of a portion in the ground or the like that cannot be monitored by light waves. Further, although a plurality of targets are arranged, it is needless to say that one target may be used and this data may be used as information for position confirmation. At the site, a simple terminal that captures the measurement data of the range finder / gonimeter and stores it in a storage medium such as a disk or storage card is placed, and the storage medium such as the disk or storage card is brought into the computer at the office for predictive analysis. The device may have a divided configuration, such as performing processing such as.

[0023]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a simple target such as a prism or a reflection sheet is installed on a slope where there is a possibility of landslide, and optical wave distance measurement / angle measurement is performed. Displacement behavior of the target is automatically measured using a machine, this displacement behavior data is automatically collected in a data processing device (monitoring device), and an automatic warning is issued when the risk of slope failure becomes high, Since the prediction analysis of the slope failure time based on the displacement behavior data is performed by one data processing device,
It is possible to detect sediment collapse during cutting excavation work in advance, prevent a disaster from occurring by promptly issuing a warning, use it for safety management of construction, and facilitate the process. Moreover, as the target, multiple pillars such as surveying poles with prisms are placed on the collapsible cut slope and the slope of the ground, but the weight of the target is a little less than 1 kg and it is installed. The installation work is easy because the method is just driven. Furthermore, the displacement behavior of the target is automatically three-dimensionally measured in real time from the distance d, the angle θ in the horizontal direction, and the angle φ in the vertical direction with coordinate values of x, y, z. If you input measurement conditions such as intervals (hours and minutes) and alarm control values to the data processing device in advance and start measurement, automatic processing can be performed until the measurement is completed. Labor saving can be achieved without taking the trouble. Furthermore, since it is a simple measurement system and has a degree of freedom according to the situation at the site, it is possible to provide a device that can be easily applied at low cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment of a ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the flow of measurement and monitoring processing by the ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an overall work and a flow of processing.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of edited output of displacement data.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an output example of behavior prediction analysis data.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an output example of behavior prediction analysis data.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of targets when predicting slope failure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of distance measurement / angle measurement by a prism and a lightwave distance measurement / angle measurement device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Target, 2 ... Distance / angle measuring device, 3 ... Scan drive unit,
4 ... Monitoring device, 5 and 15 ... Alarm device, 11 ... Input processing unit,
12 ... Coordinate value calculation unit, 13 ... Measurement data storage unit, 14 ...
Behavior determination processing unit, 16 ... Management reference value, 17 ... Behavior prediction analysis unit, 18 ... Output unit, 19 ... Control unit

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shigeyuki Kono 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiromi Tan 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction company (72) Inventor Takashi Wada 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction company

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A ground / building behavior monitoring apparatus for observing and predicting displacement behavior of the ground or building over time, comprising a target installed at a monitored point and a target from the monitoring point to the monitored point. Distance measuring / angle measuring means for measuring the distance to and the angle in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction with time, and the coordinate value of the monitored point is calculated from the measured data of the distance measuring / angle measuring means to displace with time. A building / ground behavior monitoring device comprising: a monitoring means for monitoring the behavior. 2. The building / ground behavior monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring / angle measuring means measures the monitored point at each preset measurement interval. 3. The monitoring means determines the displacement level by calculating the coordinate value of the monitored point from the measurement data of the distance measuring / angle measuring means and the displacement behavior of the monitored point from the coordinate value data. 2. The construction according to claim 1, further comprising: a determination unit that performs the determination, an alarm unit that issues an alarm according to the determination of the determination unit, and a prediction analysis unit that performs a prediction analysis of the displacement behavior from the coordinate value data. Object / ground behavior monitoring device.