JPH09210472A - Solar energy collection panel and passive solar system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide sufficient volume of hot air and large quantity of electricity by providing an inlet and outlet of the liquid heating medium and a solar battery module on a box having a window on which the solar beam is incident and an heat insulation structure to efficiently heat the air. SOLUTION: An inlet 202 and an outlet 203 through which air can be passed are provided on a box 201 of heat insulation structure, one side is a window 204 so that the solar beam 205 can be incident, a solar battery module 206 is exposed to the incident solar beam and fitted so as to split the box 201 into two parts. The solar battery module 206 absorbs the solar beam 205 and generates the heat, transfers the heat to the air 207 on the beam non-receiving surface side, and heats the air 207 flowing in from the inlet 202 to make the warm air, and the warm air flows out of the outlet 203. The solar battery module 206 naturally generates the electricity, and the generated electricity is taken out of the beam non-receiving surface side, and taken outside by a cable connector 208, etc.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar energy conversion device, and more particularly to a heat collecting panel using a solar cell module as a heat source and a power source.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As global environmental problems have become more serious, solar energy has recently received a great deal of attention as clean energy that does not produce harmful by-products such as thermal power generation and nuclear power generation. In addition, effective use of solar energy is desired as an infinite energy that does not deplete limited resources on the earth.

On the other hand, the existing single-unit type energy system has a problem that when a disaster such as an earthquake occurs, the energy supply is interrupted and it takes a very long time to restore the energy supply. Since solar energy can be used as energy anytime in sunny areas, it has high utility value as a distributed independent energy.

From these needs, development of a roof-integrated energy conversion device for houses has been promoted, and at present, its practical use is rapidly progressing.

Examples of the method of utilizing solar energy include a solar power generation system using a semiconductor element and a solar heat generation system in which sunlight is taken into a heat insulation box and the heat of the solar heat is used to generate hot water or warm air.

Especially in cold regions, there is a great interest in heat,
A passive solar system using a black iron plate having good light absorption has been put to practical use as a roof-integrated solar heat generation system (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-280358).

A house using the passive solar system will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 1 (a)
A detailed view of the heat collecting panel is shown in FIG.

The passive solar system house secures a space inside the air flow passage 103 and the heat collecting panel 104 sandwiched between the roof material 101 and the heat insulating material 102 as a solar heat collecting section, and also as an air as a heat medium. As an intake of the air, it is composed of an outside air intake 105 at the eaves, a duct 106 and a fan 107 for drawing hot air into the house, concrete 108 for further heat storage, and an outlet 109 for taking hot air into the room. .

The air that has entered through the outside air intake 105 provided at the eaves side slowly flows toward the ridge through an air flow passage 103 formed between the roof material 101 and the heat insulating material 102. During that time, the roof material 101, which has been heated by sunlight, receives heat from the roof material 101 and heats up. Although the roofing material 101 generally has a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C. due to sunlight, it radiates heat to the outside air, and therefore the temperature of the air in the air flow passage 103 rises to about 60 ° C. at most. Further, on a day when there is wind, no matter how strong the sunshine is, the heat radiation increases, so that the temperature of the air in the air flow passage 103 hardly rises.

A heat collecting panel 104 is arranged near the ridge in order to further raise the temperature of the air in the air flow passage 103. The air that has risen in the air flow passage 103 just below the roof flows into the heat collecting panel 104. The heat collecting panel 104 is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), the black iron plate 115 has a structure in which it is enclosed in a glass box 117 so as not to radiate the sunshine heat received to the outside air, and the taken air receives heat from the black iron plate 115 and rises in temperature. However, it becomes warm air of 80 ° C or more. By covering the black iron plate 115 with glass, when the black iron plate 115 is heated by sunlight, heat can be collected without being cooled even if wind blows.

The air flow passage 1 in the heat collecting panel 104
The non-light receiving surface side of the black iron plate 115 is used as 03 because the glass on the light receiving surface side and the heat insulating material that is the panel bottom plate on the non light receiving surface side have a heat loss to the outside air that is a heat insulating material. This is because the side is smaller.

The hot air of 80 ° C. or higher warmed by the air flow passage 103 under the roof material 101 and the heat collecting panel 104 is drawn into the house interior by the fan 107, passes through the duct 106, and is stored in the concrete 108 under the floor. Accordingly, the heat can be used from the blowout port 109.

Also, the heat under the floor can be exhausted to the outside by reversing the fan 107.

[0014]

The above system requires electricity for operating a fan that blows warm air into the house, and the inventors of the present invention commonly install a solar cell module on the roof material as a power source. , I previously proposed a system to use.

However, in a cold region, the solar cell module is shaded by snow and the system does not operate.

On the other hand, in order for the system to operate effectively, hot air of high temperature (80 ° C. or higher) is required, and the heat collecting panel is indispensable on the roof, and therefore the sun on the roof is required. There is also a problem that the battery installation space is reduced, and it becomes impossible to link the grid to sell the surplus power other than to the fan to a power company or the like.

As a means for solving both, it was necessary to install a solar cell in the heat collecting panel.

If the fan of the heat collecting system is reversed even if it is snowed, the heat collecting panel can heat the heat collecting panel with the warm air under the floor to melt the snow, and the solar cell in the panel can be sunshine. On the other hand, since the heat collection panel is usually located near the building on the south surface, which is said to have the highest amount of solar radiation, a large amount of electric power can be obtained if the solar cells can be installed in that area.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a concrete means thereof.

[0020]

To solve the above problems, a solar cell element may be installed as a heat source in the heat collecting panel instead of the conventional black iron plate.

However, this alone cannot solve the problem. The reason for this is that the solar cell element has a weather resistance against the heat medium, and various problems such as airtightness of various sealed boxes such as enclosing inert gas or the like for that purpose increase the cost, which is not practical. The solar cell is the power source,
The insulating property must be ensured, and the problem of ensuring the insulating property of the heat collecting panel comes out by using the solar cell element as it is.

Therefore, the above problem was solved by making the solar cell element into a module and using it as a form sealed with a resin or the like for surface protection.

However, due to the modularization, heat transfer to the air as a heat medium becomes insufficient due to the thermal resistance of the resin, and there is a problem that hot air of 80 ° C. or higher cannot be obtained.

The present inventors have diligently studied these problems, and solved the problems by constructing the heat collecting panel of the present invention as follows.

(1) Use a solar cell module as a heat source.

(2) A solar cell module structure in which the thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side (R back) is smaller than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side (R table).

(3) Use of non-single crystal semiconductor for solar cell module.

By installing a solar cell module having a better thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side in the heat collecting panel as a heat source, a solar cell module not used as a heat medium We were able to efficiently heat the air on the light-receiving surface side.

(1) By using a solar cell module as a heat source without using the solar cell element as it is, for example, by filling the heat collecting panel with an inert gas in consideration of the weather resistance of the element. The merits are great in that the heat collecting panel does not need to be strictly airtight, that there is no need to require a filter or the like at the air intake port of the heat collecting panel, and that it is easy to ensure the insulating property as the power source of the solar cell module.

(2) Specifically, the solar cell module is
The thermal resistance (R table) on the light-receiving surface side is the thermal resistance (R table) on the non-light-receiving surface side.
By making it larger than the back), stable heat collection of hot air of 80 ° C or higher was possible, and it was possible to obtain a suitable temperature air for use in the house. A hot air of 80 ° C or more is sufficient to efficiently store heat in the concrete below the eaves, and is sufficient to store enough heat during the daytime to heat indoors at night without sunlight.

(3) The non-single crystal semiconductor has a much higher light absorption rate than the crystalline silicon semiconductor. It is a well-known fact that it is better than an order of magnitude in visible light castles. Further, the absorbed light energy is converted into electricity and heat, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 5 to 15% for the non-single crystal semiconductor with respect to 15 to 25% for the crystalline silicon semiconductor, other than the energy converted to electricity. Is considered to be converted to heat.

Considering these, it is understood that the solar cell module using the non-single crystal semiconductor can obtain a larger amount of heat than the crystalline silicon solar cell module.

Furthermore, the non-single-crystal semiconductor has a better temperature dependence than the crystalline silicon semiconductor. For example, the temperature characteristic of the amorphous silicon semiconductor used in this embodiment is -0.2.
% / ° C., and even if the temperature rises by 100 ° C., the efficiency is only reduced by 20% with respect to the initial efficiency. Also,
It has been recently reported that not only the deterioration of characteristics at high temperatures but also the deterioration of the Stebler-Lonski characteristic of non-single-crystal semiconductors can be suppressed by using at high temperature, and it is possible to increase the total power that can be taken out over a long period of time. Can bring

That is, according to the present invention, a box having a heat insulating structure having a window into which sunlight can enter at least a part, and an inlet provided in the box for allowing a heat medium as a fluid to flow into the box. A heat collecting panel provided in the box for discharging a heat medium which is a fluid from the box, a heat collecting panel having a solar cell module arranged in the box, and a passive solar system using the heat collecting panel Is.

[0035]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a heat collecting panel of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to this example.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view (FIG. 2 (a)) and a sectional view (FIG. 2 (b)) of a heat collecting panel using the solar cell module of the present invention as a heat source. The box 201 is provided with an inlet 202 and an outlet 203 through which air can pass. Box 2
One surface of 01 is a window 204, and sunlight 205 can enter it. The solar cell module 206 is exposed to incident light and is attached so as to divide the space inside the box 201 into two. The solar cell module 206 absorbs sunlight 205 to generate heat, and transfers the amount of heat to the air 207 on the non-light-receiving surface side. Air 2 flowing in from the intake port 202
07 is warmed by the solar cell module 206 to become warm air and flows out from the outlet 203. The reason why the air on the light-receiving surface side is not used as a heat medium is that heat is radiated from the glass window 204 on the light-receiving surface side, so that the temperature cannot be sufficiently raised.

The solar cell module 206 naturally generates electricity, and the generated electricity is generated by the solar cell module 2.
It is taken out from the non-light-receiving surface side of 06, and taken out to the outside by a cable connector 208 or the like.

Each constituent material will be described below.

(Box) It is preferable that the material of the box 201 has a high heat insulating property, and for example, wood, polystyrene, calcium silicide, styrofoam or the like can be used. The box 201 has an airtight structure.

(Window) The material of the window 204 is preferably one having high light transmittance and high heat insulating property, and for example, glass, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic, nylon or the like can be used.

The window 204 may be attached to the box 201 with an adhesive such as rubber, silicon, or acrylic, and an etch cover may be provided.

(Intake Port) At least one intake port 202 is provided in the box 201 and has a structure in which air or water can flow in. A filter for preventing entry of dust or the like or a chemical filter for air containing an acidic substance may be provided.
A throttle may be provided so that the amount of inflow of air can be adjusted.

(Ejection Port) At least one ejection port 202 is provided in the box 201 and has a structure into which air, water, etc. can flow. A filter for preventing entry of dust or the like or a chemical filter for air containing an acidic substance may be provided.
A throttle may be provided so that the amount of inflow of air can be adjusted. Further, a thermometer for controlling the temperature of the air sent into the house may be used.

(Solar Cell Module) A solar cell module 206 of the present invention, which has a better thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side, will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view (FIG. 3 (a)) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 3 (b)) of the solar cell module of the present invention.
In FIG. 3B, the solar cell module 301 has a photovoltaic element 302, a protective film 303, a surface coating film 304,
Back cover film 305, back reinforcing material 306, filler 3
It is shown that it is composed of 07.

Further, each material and module forming method will be described in detail.

A) Photovoltaic element As shown in FIG. 4, the photovoltaic element 302 has a conductive substrate 4
01, the back reflection layer 402, the semiconductor layer 403, the transparent conductive layer 404, and the collector electrode 405.

The conductive substrate 401 is a substrate of a photovoltaic element, and does not contribute to power generation or acts as a heat source for converting energy other than reflected light into heat energy. It also serves as an electrode on the non-light-receiving surface. The back reflection layer 402 transmits light to the semiconductor layer 4 in order to obtain more photovoltaic power.
03 has a role to reflect. The semiconductor layer 403 has a role of absorbing light and converting it into electric energy. Transparent electrode layer 4
Reference numeral 04 denotes an electrode on the light-receiving surface side, and collector electrode 405 is an electrode for efficiently collecting the current generated on the transparent electrode 404.

As the conductive substrate 401, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, carbon sheet, galvanized steel slope, resin film such as polyimide, polyester, polyethylene naphthalide, epoxy, etc. on which a conductive layer is formed, glass, etc. Ceramics.

As the back reflection layer 402, a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, or a composite layer of a metal layer and a metal oxide is used. As the metal material, for example, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silver, nickel or the like is used. Examples of the metal oxide material include zinc oxide,
Titanium oxide, tin oxide, etc. are used.

Methods for forming the metal layer and the metal oxide layer include resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, and sputtering.

As the semiconductor layer 403, for example, a compound semiconductor such as a non-single crystal semiconductor, crystalline silicon, copper indium selenide, or sanceram can be used.

As a manufacturing method, in the case of a non-single crystal semiconductor,
For example, it is formed by plasma CVD of silane gas, germane gas, hydrocarbon or the like. Examples of non-single-crystal semiconductors include amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon germanium, amorphous silicon carbide, amorphous silicon nitride, microcrystals obtained by microcrystallizing these, and polycrystalline silicon. In the case of crystalline silicon, a sheet of molten silicon is formed or a heat treatment of a non-single crystal semiconductor is performed. In the case of a compound semiconductor, for example, electron beam evaporation, sputtering,
It is formed by electrodeposition, printing or the like.

A pin junction, a pn junction, or a Schottky junction is used as the structure.

Examples of the transparent conductive layer 404 include indium oxide, tin oxide, ITO, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cadmium sulfate and the like. Examples of the forming method include resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, and sputtering.

As the collector electrode 405, for example, a conductive paste of titanium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silver, nickel, copper, tin or the like which is a metal is used. For the conductive paste, for example, a binder polymer such as polyester, epoxy, phenol, acryl, alkoxide, polyvinyl acetate, rubber, urethane, and phenol, and the above metal powder are dispersed and used. Examples of the forming method include a screen printing method using a mask.

B) Protective Film The protective film 303 protects the surface of the photovoltaic element 302 and increases the manufacturing yield in the process of assembling a plurality of elements, so scratch resistance is required. Light transparency, weather resistance, and adhesiveness are also required, and as the material, for example, resin such as acrylic silicon, acrylic, or silicon is used.

C) Surface-Coating Film The surface-coating film 304 is required to keep the surface and ensure the insulating property, and is required to have the insulating property, the light-transmitting property, the weather resistance, and the stain-resistant property.

Examples of the material include fluororesin films such as polyethylene tetrafluorethylene, poly (trifluoroethylene), and polyvinyl fluoride. Usually, since the fluororesin film has poor adhesiveness, it is preferable to subject the adhesive surface to corona treatment or primer treatment.

D) Back Cover Film The back cover film 305 needs to ensure insulation between the photovoltaic element 302 and the back reinforcing material 306, and is required to have insulation. Examples of the material include nylon and polyethylene terephthalate. Further, the back surface covering film 305 may be an integral type coated on the back surface reinforcing material 306.

E) Backside Reinforcing Material The backside reinforcing material 306 is a slope-like material that is used in some cases to increase the strength of the solar cell module, and has weather resistance,
Load resistance is required. As the material, in addition to metal, for example, an insulated metal such as a coated zinc steel plate, carbon fiber, FRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), ceramic, glass, or the like is used.

F) Filler The filler 307 has a role of adhering each of the above materials and is required to have adhesiveness, flexibility, light transparency and weather resistance. Examples of the material include EVA (vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer),
Resins such as butyral resin, silicone resin, and epoxy resin are used. Further, in order to improve scratch resistance of the solar cell module 302, glass fibers may be impregnated, or an ultraviolet absorber that absorbs ultraviolet rays that deteriorate the semiconductor layer 403 may be contained. The filler 307 also serves as a heat insulating effect layer.

The solar cell module according to the present invention is composed of the above-mentioned materials, but the characteristic of the present invention is to use the solar cell module sealed with resin or the like as the heat source of the heat collecting panel. The thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side is better than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side. In other words, it is a solar cell module heat source with good heat radiation to the non-light-receiving surface, and can efficiently warm the air on the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module, which is used as a heat medium.

Therefore, it is necessary to further consider the material quality and thickness.

In general, heat radiation is conducted, convected, or radiated. Then, the heat radiation amount Q from an object having a temperature Δt higher than the surroundings is
If the thermal resistance of the object is R, then Q = 1 / R × Δt ... Equation (1). From this, it is understood that when the amount of heat generated by the solar cell module during light irradiation, that is, the amount of heat Q to be radiated is in a steady state, the temperature difference Δt can be made as small as possible by making the thermal resistance R as small as possible.

For that purpose, there are the following principles.

A. In the case of conduction, it is desirable that the conduction path has good thermal conductivity, the distance in the conduction direction is short, and the conduction area is large.

B. For convection, it is desirable to maximize the radiation area.

C. It is desirable to make the surface black for radiant rays.

The present invention utilizes these A, B and C.

As shown in FIG. 3, the solar cell module, which is the heat source of the present invention, uses the photovoltaic element 302 as a true heat source, and the surface side protective material comprising the surface coating film 304, the surface filling material 307, and the harvest film 303. And back coating film 30
5, the back surface reinforcing material 306, and the back surface side protective material composed of the back surface filling material 307. Solar cell module 30
In order to increase the heat dissipation rate from the front surface to the back surface, the heat resistance R (back) of the back surface side protective material is set to the heat resistance R of the front surface side protected material.
It must be smaller than (Table). That is, it is necessary to satisfy the following formula.

R (front)> R (back) (2) According to the principle A, in order to reduce the heat conduction resistance, it is necessary to use a material having a small heat conductivity and its thickness. It is desirable to make it as thin as possible.

Further, the heat transfer resistance R (transfer) is determined by the thermal conductivity λ of the substance and the film thickness d, and has the following relationship.

R (transmission) = 1 / λ × d (3) Equation (3) In consideration of these, the material (thermal conductivity) to be used and its thickness are selected to obtain Equation (2). It is necessary to design to satisfy.

According to the principle B, the thermal convection resistance can be reduced by increasing the surface area of the photovoltaic element 302 which is the heat source. The thermal convection resistance R (pair) is as follows when the radiation area of the substance is expressed using S and a constant k.

R (pair) = 1 / S × k (4) According to the principle C, it is preferable to make the surface black in order to reduce the thermal radiation resistance. By making the non-light-receiving surface side of the No. 2 dark-colored, heat radiation to the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module, which is a heat source, can be improved. That is, if the thermal radiation resistance is R (radiation), it is expressed as follows using the emissivity γ and the constant k ′.

R (pair) = 1 / γ × k ′ ... Equation (5) That is, according to the principles A, B, and C, the thermal resistance R is expressed by Equation (3), Equation (4), and Equation (5). ) Is used and it is represented by the following formula.

R = R (transmission) + R (pair) + R (radiation) = (1 / λ × d) + (1 / S × k) + (1 / γ × k ′) ... Equation (6) The present invention utilizes these principles.

[0079]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 The heat collecting panel in this example uses as a heat source a solar cell module having a structure in which a non-single crystal photovoltaic element is plastic-coated on a galvanized steel sheet. Furthermore, in the solar cell module, the thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side (R back) is smaller than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side (R table).

Details will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the solar cell module will be described.

First, a non-single-crystal photovoltaic substrate 505 was produced as shown in FIG. On the cleaned long stainless steel substrate 501 having a thickness of 0.127 mm, the back reflection layer 50 is formed by the sputtering method.
As Al, an Al layer (film thickness 5000 angstrom) containing 1% of Si and a ZnO layer (film thickness 5000 angstrom) are sequentially formed. Next, by the plasma CVD method, S
An n-type a-Si layer is formed from a mixed gas of iH ₄ , PH ₃ and H ₂ ,
An i-type a-Si layer is formed from a mixed gas of SiH ₄ and H ₂ by SiH
_A p-type microcrystalline μc-Si layer is formed from a mixed gas of ₄ , BF ₃ and H ₂ , and the n-layer thickness is 150 Å / i-layer thickness 4000 Å / p-layer thickness 100 Å / n-layer thickness 100 Å. / I layer thickness 8
A tandem-type a-Si semiconductor layer 503 having a layer structure of 00 angstrom / p layer thickness 100 angstrom was formed.

Finally, an In ₂ O ₃ thin film (film thickness 700 Å) was formed as the transparent electrode layer 504 by vapor-depositing In in an O ₂ atmosphere by a resistance heating method.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the above-mentioned long photovoltaic substrate was punched into a size of 300 mm long × 80 mm wide using a press machine to prepare a plurality of photovoltaic element pieces 601. However, the transparent conductive layer 504 and the stainless steel substrate 501 are short-circuited on the cut surface of the photovoltaic element piece 601 cut by the press machine.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the periphery of the In ₂ O ₃ electrode, which is the transparent conductive layer 701, was etched in order to repair this short circuit. Here, for etching around the In ₂ O ₃ electrode, an etching agent (FeCl ₃ solution) having a selectivity that dissolves In ₂ O ₃ but does not dissolve the non-single-crystal semiconductor is used from the cut surface of each solar cell element. In ₂ slightly inside
After screen printing on the O ₃ chamber to dissolve In ₂ O ₃ ,
This was performed by washing with water to form the element isolation portion 702 of the In ₂ O ₃ electrode.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a collector electrode on the positive electrode side was formed by the following procedure. First, the grid 801 is formed by pattern-printing a polymer-type silver-plated copper paste on the transparent conductive layer using a screen printing machine.
Heating was performed for 5 minutes in an IR heating furnace adjusted to 0 ° C ± 20 ° C. Next, the cream solder was printed on the conductive paste by a screen printing machine, and the cream solder was heated and melted in a reflow oven adjusted to 250 ° C. ± 10 ° C. Then, in order to clean the flux contained in the cream solder, put it into a shower using pure water from which excess ions have been removed by an ion exchange resin, and put it into the shower for 5 minutes together with the base hill, and warm air adjusted to about 80 ° C. To the electrode surface,
It was dried for about 5 minutes.

Next, the bus bar 802 for collecting the current of the grid 801 is formed by arranging a tin-plated copper wire so as to be orthogonal to the grid 801, and then an adhesive silver ink 803 is dropped at the intersection with the grid 801, and the temperature is set to 150 ° C. After drying for 30 minutes, the grid electrode 801 and the tin-plated copper wire were connected.
At that time, the polyimide tape 80 is placed under the tin-plated copper wire so that the tin-plated copper wire and the end surface of the stainless steel slope do not come into contact with each other.
I pasted 4.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, an electrode on the negative electrode side was formed by the following procedure. The copper tab 901 was obtained by removing a part of the non-power generation region with a grinder to expose the stainless steel substrate, and then welding 902 a copper foil to the part with a spot welder. What you remove with a grinder is spot welding when there is a high-resistance film such as a transparent electrode layer or semiconductor layer.
This is because there is a high possibility that sparks will be scattered during welding and the product will be adversely affected.

This completes the preparation of the unit cell of the photovoltaic element.

Next, as shown in FIG. 10, unit cells 1001 are arranged at intervals of 1.0 mm, and adjacent unit cells 1
The bus bar 1002 of 001 and the copper foil tab 1003 were connected in series by soldering 1004, and 13 unit cells 1001 were similarly connected in series.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the wiring for taking out the terminals of the positive electrode and the negative electrode was formed. The wiring on the positive electrode side is 13
The insulating polyester tape 1102 is attached to the central portion of the back surface of the th unit cell 1101 and the copper foil 1103 is overlaid, and then the copper foil 1103 and the bus bar 1104 folded back are soldered 1105. went. The wiring on the negative electrode side is the first unit cell 1106.
As shown in FIG. 11, a copper foil 1107 was attached to the back surface of the above, and then a spot-welded copper tab 1108 was turned back toward the back side and soldered 1109 to the copper foil 1107.

Thus, the production of the photovoltaic element was completed. The size is 300 mm in length and 1052 mm in width.

Thus, the production of the photovoltaic device is completed. Next, a solar cell module 1201 as shown in FIG.
Create

First, as shown in FIG. 13, a protective film 1302 is formed on the surface of the photovoltaic element 1301. Dissolve the acrylic silicone stock solution in thinner (solid content 80%),
A mixture of 3% of silane coupling agent with respect to the solid content was prepared as a coating liquid, and as shown in FIG. ±
After drying in a hot air drying path adjusted to 3 ° C for 5 minutes, 2
Transfer to a hot air drying oven adjusted to 00 ℃ ± 10 ℃, and
Cure for 0 minutes.

The acrylic silicon has a thermal conductivity of 0.1.
A general one having a temperature of 8 kcal / mh ° C. was used and a thickness of 100 μm was used. Regarding the thickness, the maximum film thickness that can be applied was used to enhance surface protection. 100μ
If it is applied for m or more, foaming occurs during curing, making it impossible to form a uniform film.

Next, a galvanized steel sheet is prepared as the back surface reinforcing material 1202. The non-light-receiving surface side was coated with a dark-colored paint, had a thermal conductivity of 38 kcal / mh ° C., and had a thickness of 400 μm. The size is 850
It was cut into mm × 1400 mm. Regarding thickness,
The thickness of 400 μm, which is the thickness when a galvanized steel sheet is used as the roof material, was used as it was. Since it is placed in the heat collecting panel, it does not need characteristics such as strength and load resistance.
A thinner one may be used.

The reason why the non-light-receiving surface side is coated with a dark-colored paint is to improve the radiation of heat to the back surface side of the solar cell module.

Proper positions of the back surface reinforcing member 1202 are provided with positive and negative terminal lead-out holes taken out from the photovoltaic element.

Next, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer weatherproof grade) having a heat resistance enhanced by blending an organic peroxide or the like as the filler 1203 was laminated on the back reinforcing material 1202. EVA is a polyethylene resin, so its thermal conductivity is 0.28 kcal / mh ° C.
For the light receiving surface side, a commercially available 230 μm resin sheet was used. Regarding the thickness, a thinner one is more preferable in terms of thermal resistance, but it is necessary to secure an adhesive force for a long period of time.

Next, a PET film (polyethylene terephthalate) 1204 was laminated on the above-mentioned filler 11203 as a back coating film. PET film has a thermal conductivity of 0.18 kcal / mh ° C. The thickness used was 50 μm. Regarding the thickness, the minimum thickness that can ensure the insulation between the photovoltaic element and the back surface reinforcing material 1202 is used.

Next, as the filler 21205, heat-resistant EVA is used.
(Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer weather resistant grade) was laminated on the backside coating film 1204.
Since EVA is a polyethylene resin, its thermal conductivity is 0.28 kcal / mh ° C., and a commercially available sheet of 230 μm resin is used for the light-receiving surface side. Regarding the thickness, it is necessary to secure the adhesive force for a long time, and there are irregularities of about 200 μm on the non-light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic element. To fill it, we use the currently proven 230 μm thick .

Next, two photovoltaic elements 1207 having the protective film 1206 prepared above are arranged side by side, and the filler 21
It was laminated on 205 so that the non-light-receiving surface was on the back reinforcing material 1202 side.

Next, as the filler 31208, heat-resistant EVA is used.
(Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer weather resistant grade) is a photovoltaic element 1207 with the protective film 1206.
Laminated on top of. Since EVA is a polyethylene-based resin, its thermal conductivity is 0.28 kcal / mh ° C., and a commercially available sheet of 460 μm resin is used for the light-receiving surface side. Regarding the thickness, the film thickness necessary to increase the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side was considered.

Finally, as the surface coating film 1209, E
TFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) was layered on top of Filler 3 1208. Further, the surface coating film 1209 has a plasma treatment on the adhesive surface in advance in order to enhance the adhesiveness with EVA. The thermal conductivity is 0.28 kcal / mh ° C. and the thickness is 50 μm. Regarding the thickness, the film thickness necessary for scratch resistance of the surface is used.

A solar cell module is prepared by adhering the resins together by melting the filler at 150 ° C. while defoaming the integrated laminate with a vacuum laminator under pressure.

Further, the cable connector 1210 and the like are soldered through the terminal take-out holes which have been opened in advance in the back reinforcing material, and the positive and negative terminals are taken out. The soldering part has a terminal box 121 in order to have insulation and terminal tensile strength.
It is fixed to the terminal block in 1 and the inside of the terminal box 1211 is further filled with a silicone sealant.

The heat conduction resistances on the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell module of Example 1 are calculated in Table 1. The non-light-receiving side thermal conduction resistance with respect to the light-receiving surface-side thermal resistivity 2.38m ² h ℃ / cal is 1.93m ² h ℃ / cal,
The ratio of the heat conduction resistance on the light receiving surface side to the heat conduction resistance on the non-light receiving surface side is 1.2.

[0109]

[Table 1]

In this embodiment, the convection resistance is considered to be the same because the solar cell module has a plate shape and the light-receiving surface side and the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module have the same heat radiation area. Further, the thermal radiation resistance is considered to be the same because the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell module have the same color system.

Next, a heat collecting panel using this solar cell module will be described with reference to FIG.

The heat collecting panel is a box 1401 having a window 1406 for transmitting light, an air inlet 1402, an air outlet 1403, and the solar cell module 14 as a heat source.
05.

The box 1401 is made of an iron plate to form a frame and a surface for strength. Furthermore, the inside is covered with a heat insulating material 1408 having a thickness of 20 mm so as not to release heat. The heat insulating material 1408 uses polystyrene. Since the roof has many measures in units of scale, the length is 910 mm, the width is 1500 mm, and the height is 80 mm. The inside is narrowed by the thickness of the heat insulating material 1408, and the width is 870 mm, the length is 1460 mm, and the depth is 60 mm.

The window 1406 is made of tempered glass and has a thickness of 4 mm, so that load resistance and heat insulation are improved and heat loss to the outside air is suppressed as much as possible. Dimensions are 89 to get as much sunlight as possible
The size is 0 mm × 1480 mm, which almost forms one surface of the sealed box.

The air inlet 1402 is located on the side surface of the box 1401 in the width direction, and is provided so as to communicate with the space on the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module 1405. The dimensions are 30 mm x 300 mm.

The air outlet 1403 is located on the back surface of the box 1401 and near the side surface facing the air inlet 1402. The dimensions are holes with a diameter of 150 mm. Since this is connected to a duct that draws warm air into the house, the size can be selected according to the duct. In addition, a dust filter is installed to prevent dust from entering the interior of the house.

The solar cell module 14 is provided in the box 1401.
05 is installed in parallel with the glass 1406, the side wall is screwed to the L angle 1409, and the solar cell module 1405 is partially supported by the spacer 1410.

The height at which the solar cell module 1405 is mounted is 30 mm from the heat insulating material 1408 on the bottom surface of the box 1401.
30m on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell module 1405
An air layer of m thickness is created. Air has a high heat insulating property, and by securing this air layer, it works to prevent heat radiation from the window. The air layer on the non-light-receiving surface side is 30 mm, and the volume of air serving as a heat medium is about 38000 cm ³ .

Electricity generated in the solar cell module 1405 is taken out from the air intake 1402 and the air takeout 1403 by the cable connector 1411. Since the cable connector 1411 is located in the heat medium, a heat-resistant silicon-coated electric wire is used.

(Comparative Example 1) In the heat collecting panel of this comparative example, a solar cell module having a structure in which an amorphous silicon photovoltaic element is plastic-coated on a galvanized steel sheet is used as a heat source.

Further, in the above solar cell module, the thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side (R back) is larger than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side (R table).

The structure is almost the same as that of the first embodiment, and the only difference is that the film thickness of the filler 3 of the solar cell module used as the heat source is 230 μm. This is the thickness when the conventional thermal resistance on the light receiving surface side is not taken into consideration.

The heat conduction resistances on the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the above solar cell module are calculated in Table 2. The non-light-receiving side thermal conduction resistance with respect to the light-receiving surface-side thermal resistivity 1.56m ² h ℃ / cal is 1.93m ² h ℃ / cal, thermal resistivity of the light-receiving surface side and the non-light-receiving surface-side heat The ratio of conduction resistance is 0.8.

[0124]

[Table 2]

Regarding the thermal convection resistance, the solar cell module is plate-shaped, and it is considered that the heat radiation area is the same on both the light-receiving surface side and the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module.

It is considered that the thermal radiation resistance is the same because the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell module are of the same color system.

Comparative Example 2 The heat collecting panel of this comparative example uses a metal plate as a heat source.

Further, the metal plate has a thermal resistance (R
The heat source is a steel plate having the same thermal resistance (R back) on the non-light-receiving surface side as the front surface.

Regarding the structure, Comparative Example 2 is a heat collecting panel in the case where the conventional solar cell module is not used as a heat source, and the same back surface reinforcing material used in the solar cell modules of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is used. used.

It is considered that there is almost no heat conduction resistance because the heat source is not resin-sealed as in Example 1.

Regarding the thermal convection resistance, the metal plate is plate-shaped, and it is considered that the heat radiation area is the same on both the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the metal.

The thermal radiation resistance is considered to be the same because the light-receiving surface side and the non-light-receiving surface side of the metal have the same color system.

(Embodiment 2) The heat collecting panel in this embodiment uses as a heat source a solar cell module in which a non-single-crystal photovoltaic element is covered with plastic on glass.

Further, the above-mentioned solar cell module is a solar cell module in which the thermal resistance (R surface) on the light-receiving surface side is much larger than the thermal resistance (R back surface) on the non-light-receiving surface side.

Details will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the solar cell module will be described.

First, a non-single crystal photovoltaic substrate 505 was prepared as shown in FIG. On the cleaned long stainless steel substrate 501 having a thickness of 0.127 mm, the back reflection layer 50 is formed by the sputtering method.
As Al, an Al layer (film thickness 5000 angstrom) containing 1% of Si and a ZnO layer (film thickness 5000 angstrom) are sequentially formed. Next, by the plasma CVD method, S
An n-type a-Si layer is formed from a mixed gas of iH ₄ , PH ₃ and H ₂ ,
An i-type a-Si layer is formed from a mixed gas of SiH ₄ and H ₂ by SiH
_A p-type microcrystalline μc-Si layer is formed from a mixed gas of ₄ , BF ₃ and H ₂ , and the n-layer thickness is 150 Å / i-layer thickness 4000 Å / p-layer thickness 100 Å / n-layer thickness 100 Å. / I layer thickness 8
A tandem-type a-Si semiconductor layer 503 having a layer structure of 00 angstrom / p layer thickness 100 angstrom was formed.

Finally, an In ₂ O ₃ thin film (film thickness 700 Å) was formed as the transparent electrode layer 504 by vapor-depositing In in an O ₂ atmosphere by a resistance heating method.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the above-mentioned long photovoltaic substrate was punched into a size of 300 mm long × 80 mm wide using a press machine to prepare a plurality of photovoltaic element pieces 601. However, the transparent conductive layer 504 and the stainless steel substrate 501 are short-circuited on the cut surface of the photovoltaic element piece 601 cut by the press machine.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the periphery of the In ₂ O ₃ electrode, which is the transparent conductive layer 701, was etched in order to repair this short circuit. Here, for etching around the In ₂ O ₃ electrode, an etching agent (FeCl ₃ solution) having a selectivity that dissolves In ₂ O ₃ but does not dissolve the non-single-crystal semiconductor is used from the cut surface of each solar cell element. In ₂ slightly inside
After screen printing on the O ₃ chamber to dissolve In ₂ O ₃ ,
This was performed by washing with water to form the element isolation portion 702 of the In ₂ O ₃ electrode.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a collector electrode on the positive electrode side was formed by the following procedure. First, the grid 801 is formed by pattern-printing a polymer-type silver-plated copper paste on the transparent conductive layer using a screen printing machine.
Heating was performed for 5 minutes in an IR heating furnace adjusted to 0 ° C ± 20 ° C. Next, the cream solder was printed on the conductive paste by a screen printing machine, and the cream solder was heated and melted in a reflow oven adjusted to 250 ° C. ± 10 ° C. Then, in order to clean the flux contained in the cream solder, put it into a shower using pure water from which excess ions have been removed by an ion exchange resin, and put it into the shower for 5 minutes together with the base hill, and warm air adjusted to about 80 ° C. To the electrode surface,
It was dried for about 5 minutes.

Next, the bus bar 802 for collecting the current of the grid 801 is formed by arranging a tin-plated copper wire so as to be orthogonal to the grid 801, and then an adhesive silver ink 803 is dropped at the intersection with the grid 801 to obtain 150 ° C. After drying for 30 minutes, the grid electrode 801 and the tin-plated copper wire were connected.
At that time, the polyimide tape 80 is placed under the tin-plated copper wire so that the tin-plated copper wire and the end surface of the stainless steel slope do not come into contact with each other.
I pasted 4.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, a negative electrode was formed by the following procedure. The copper tab 901 was obtained by removing a part of the non-power generation region with a grinder to expose the stainless steel substrate, and then welding 902 a copper foil to the part with a spot welder. What you remove with a grinder is spot welding when there is a high-resistance film such as a transparent electrode layer or semiconductor layer.
This is because there is a high possibility that sparks will be scattered during welding and the product will be adversely affected.

With the above, the preparation of the unit cell of the photovoltaic element is completed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 10, unit cells 1001 are arranged at intervals of 1.0 mm, and adjacent unit cells 1
The bus bar 1002 of 001 and the copper foil tab 1003 were connected in series by soldering 1004, and 13 unit cells 1001 were similarly connected in series.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11, wiring for taking out terminals of the positive electrode and the negative electrode was formed. The wiring on the positive electrode side is 13
The insulating polyester tape 1102 is attached to the central portion of the back surface of the th unit cell 1101 and the copper foil 1103 is overlaid, and then the copper foil 1103 and the bus bar 1104 folded back are soldered 1105. went. The wiring on the negative electrode side is the first unit cell 1106.
As shown in FIG. 11, a copper foil 1107 was attached to the back surface of the above, and then a spot-welded copper tab 1108 was turned back toward the back side and soldered 1109 to the copper foil 1107.

With the above, the production of the photovoltaic element was completed. The size is 300 mm in length and 1052 mm in width.

Thus, the production of the photovoltaic element is completed. Next, a solar cell module 1501 as shown in FIG.
Create

First, as shown in FIG. 13, a protective film 1302 is formed on the surface of the photovoltaic element 1301. Dissolve the acrylic silicone stock solution in thinner (solid content 80%),
A mixture of 3% of silane coupling agent with respect to the solid content was prepared as a coating liquid, and as shown in FIG. ±
After drying in a hot air drying path adjusted to 3 ° C for 5 minutes, 2
Transfer to a hot air drying oven adjusted to 00 ℃ ± 10 ℃, and
Cure for 0 minutes.

The acrylic silicon has a thermal conductivity of 0.1.
A general one having a temperature of 8 kcal / mh ° C. was used and a thickness of 100 μm was used. Regarding the thickness, the maximum film thickness that can be applied was used to enhance surface protection. 100μ
If it is applied for m or more, foaming occurs during curing, making it impossible to form a uniform film.

Next, a glass plate is prepared as the surface coating material 1502. A tempered glass (Pyrex) having a thermal conductivity of 1.1 kcal / mh ° C. and a thickness of 4 mm was used. The dimensions were cut to 850 mm x 1400 mm.

Next, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer weatherproof grade) having a heat resistance enhanced by blending an organic peroxide or the like as a filler 1 1503 was laminated on the surface covering material 1502. EVA is a polyethylene resin, so its thermal conductivity is 0.28 kcal / mh ° C.
For the light-receiving surface side, a commercially available 460 μm resin sheet was used.

Next, two photovoltaic elements 1507 having the protective film 1504 prepared as described above are arranged side by side, and the filler 11
A light receiving surface was laminated on 503 so that the glass plate 1502 side faced.

Next, as the filler 21505, heat-resistant EVA is used.
(Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer weather resistant grade) is a photovoltaic element 1507 with the protective film 1504.
Laminated on top of. Since EVA is a polyethylene-based resin, its thermal conductivity is 0.28 kcal / mh ° C., and a commercially available sheet of 460 μm resin is used for the light-receiving surface side.

Next, a PET film (polyethylene terephthalate) 1506 was laminated on the above-mentioned filler 21505 as a back coating film. PET film has a thermal conductivity of 0.18 kcal / mh ° C. The thickness used was 100 μm. Regarding the thickness, the minimum thickness that can secure the insulation and scratch resistance to the back surface of the photovoltaic element is used.

A solar cell module is prepared by adhering the resins by melting the filler at 150 ° C. while defoaming the integrated laminate with a vacuum laminator under pressure.

Finally, in order to take out the terminals from the PET film on the back surface, the cable connector 1509 and the like are soldered, and the positive and negative terminals are taken out. The soldering part has terminal box 150 in order to have insulation and terminal tensile strength.
The terminal box 1508 is fixed to the terminal block inside the terminal box 8 and the inside of the terminal box 1508 is further filled with a silicone sealant.

The heat conduction resistances on the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell module of Example 2 are calculated in Table 3. The heat conduction resistance on the non-light-receiving side is 1.93 m ² h ° C / cal, while the heat conduction resistance on the light-receiving side is 3000 m ² h ° C / cal or more. The resistance ratio is about 2500.

[0159]

[Table 3]

In this embodiment, the convection resistance is considered to be the same because the solar cell module is plate-shaped and the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell module have the same heat radiation area. . Further, the thermal radiation resistance is considered to be the same because the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side of the solar cell module have the same color system.

Next, a heat collecting panel using this solar cell module will be described with reference to FIG.

The heat collecting panel is a box 1401 having a window 1406 for transmitting light, an air intake 1402, an air outlet 1403, and the solar cell module 14 as a heat source.
05.

The box 1401 has a frame and a surface made of an iron plate in order to provide strength. Furthermore, the inside is covered with a heat insulating material 1408 having a thickness of 20 mm so as not to release heat. The heat insulating material 1408 uses polystyrene. Since the roof has many measures in units of scale, the length is 910 mm, the width is 1500 mm, and the height is 80 mm. The inside is narrowed by the thickness of the heat insulating material 1408, and the width is 870 mm, the length is 1460 mm, and the depth is 60 mm.

The window 1406 is made of tempered glass and has a thickness of 4 mm, so that the load resistance and the heat insulating property are improved and the heat loss to the outside air is suppressed as much as possible. Dimensions are 89 to get as much sunlight as possible
The size is 0 mm × 1480 mm, which almost forms one surface of the sealed box.

The air intake port 1402 is located on the side surface of the box 1401 in the width direction, and is provided so as to communicate with the space on the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module 1405. The dimensions are 30 mm x 300 mm.

The air outlet 1403 is located on the back surface of the box 1401 and near the side surface facing the air inlet 1402. The dimensions are holes with a diameter of 150 mm. Since this is connected to a duct that draws warm air into the house, the size can be selected according to the duct. In addition, a dust filter is installed to prevent dust from entering the interior of the house.

The solar cell module 14 is provided in the box 1401.
05 is installed parallel to the glass 1406, and is bonded to the L side wall 1409 with a silicon sealant on the side wall, and the spacer 1410 partially supports the solar cell module 1405.

The height for mounting the solar cell module 1405 is 30 mm from the heat insulating material 1408 on the bottom surface of the box 1401.
30m on the light receiving surface side of the solar cell module 1405
An air layer of m thickness is created. Air has a high heat insulating property, and by securing this air layer, it works to prevent heat radiation from the window. The air layer on the non-light-receiving surface side is 30 mm, and the volume of air serving as a heat medium is about 38000 cm ³ .

Electricity generated in the solar cell module 1405 is taken out from the air intake 1402 and the air takeout 1403 by the cable connector 1411. Since the cable connector 1411 is located in the heat medium, a heat-resistant silicon-coated electric wire is used.

In this example, the solar cell formed on the stainless steel substrate was once sealed in glass. However, a non-single crystal semiconductor may be directly formed on the glass and used as a solar cell module. It goes without saying that you can do it.

(Example 3) In this example, a solar cell module having a structure in which a non-single crystal photovoltaic element was used and a zinc-plated steel plate having fins on the non-light-receiving surface side was plastic-coated was used as a heat source. It is a heat collecting panel.

Regarding the constitution, the fins were attached to the back surface side of the solar cell module in Example 1,
A black iron slope with a thickness of 0.4 mm is 20 mm wide and 1000 mm long.
The pieces were cut into 10 mm, and 10 pieces were attached near the center of the non-light-receiving surface of the solar cell module at 5 cm intervals.

(Comparative Experiment) An outdoor exposure test was conducted in order to compare the heat collecting characteristics of the heat collecting panels of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Example 2 and Example 3. The installation conditions were the same (south facing, installation angle 28.6 °), and the air temperature measurement point was the air outlet. The flow rate of air is 60 m ² / hour, and the outside air at 60 ° C. is introduced.

The results are shown in Table 4. The measurement site was Kyoto, which was a fine summer day.

[0175]

[Table 4]

The results show that the heat collecting panel of Example 1 of the present invention has the same heat collecting effect as the heat collecting panel using the conventional black iron plate as the heat source. Further, since the solar cell module of Comparative Example 1 is designed so that the heat resistance is lower on the light receiving surface side, that is, the heat radiation to the light receiving surface side is relatively large, the air on the non-light receiving surface side, which is a heat medium, is sufficiently It can be seen that the temperature has not been raised to.

Further, the heat collecting panel of Example 2 exhibits a higher heat collecting effect than the heat collecting panel using the conventional black iron plate as the heat source, and the heat resistance of the light receiving surface side is higher than that of the non light receiving surface side as the heat source. It is shown that increasing the amount increases the heat collecting effect.

It can also be seen from the results of Example 3 that a fin having a large surface area is effective as a method of enhancing heat conduction to the non-light-receiving surface side of the heat source.

[0179]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION A heat collecting panel using a solar cell module having a heat resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side smaller than a heat resistance on the light-receiving surface side as a heat source efficiently uses air on the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module as a heat medium It became possible to warm it well. Furthermore, the passive solar system using the heat collecting panel of the present invention was able to obtain sufficient warm air of 80 ° C. or higher.

By using a solar cell module, which is not a solar cell element and sealed with a resin, as a heat source for the heat collecting panel, the weather resistance of the solar cell element and the insulating property of the heat collecting panel are taken into consideration. Since there is no need to do so, a low cost and safe heat collection panel could be provided.

Further, as a power source, since the solar cell module can be installed in the heat collecting panel, the entire roof area of the passive solar system house can be covered with the solar cell module, and as a result, a larger amount of electricity can be obtained. It became so. This made it possible to sell not only the power supply for the re-system but also the electricity to the electric power company, and it was possible to provide a more complete passive solar system.

As for the snow accumulation problem in the cold district, the solar cell module can be installed in the heat collecting panel, so that the problem that the solar cell module does not generate power is solved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a passive solar system house.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a heat collection panel using a solar cell module as a heat source.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of a solar cell module.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of an embodiment structure of a photovoltaic element.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic substrate of an example.

FIG. 6 is a top view of a photovoltaic element piece according to an example.

FIG. 7 is a top view of the photovoltaic element piece after etching in the example.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the photovoltaic element piece after formation of the collector electrode of the example.

FIG. 9 is a top view of the photovoltaic element piece after the formation of the negative electrode of the example.

FIG. 10 is a top view of a photovoltaic element in which the unit cells of the example are connected in series.

FIG. 11 is a top view of the photovoltaic element after forming the terminal lead-out portions for the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the example.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a solar cell module of Example 1.

FIG. 13 is a top view of the photovoltaic element after forming the protective film of the example.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a heat collecting panel of Examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a solar cell module according to a second embodiment.

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A box having a heat-retaining structure having a window into which at least a portion of sunlight can be incident: An inlet provided in the box for allowing a heat medium that is a fluid to flow into the box: The box A heat collecting panel provided with: an outlet for letting out a heat medium, which is a fluid, out of the box: a solar cell module arranged in the box. 2. The solar cell module is arranged so as to divide the space inside the box into two, and the thermal resistance on the non-light-receiving surface side is smaller than the thermal resistance on the light-receiving surface side.
Heat collection panel described in. 3. The solar cell module is arranged so as to divide the space in the box into two, and the heat medium has a path on the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module. The heat collection panel according to 1 or 2. 4. The heat collection panel according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell module uses a non-single crystal semiconductor. 5. The heat collecting panel according to claim 4, wherein the non-single crystal semiconductor is an amorphous silicon semiconductor. 6. The heat collecting panel according to claim 1, wherein at least the non-light-receiving surface side of the solar cell module has a dark color system. 7. The heat collecting panel according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell module has fins on the non-light-receiving surface side. 8. The solar cell module has a heat insulating effect layer having heat resistance on each of the light receiving surface side and the non-light receiving surface side, and the heat resistance of the heat insulating effect layer is closer to the non light receiving surface side than the light receiving surface side. The heat collecting panel according to claim 1, wherein the heat collecting panel is small. 9. The heat collecting panel according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulating effect layer is formed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer polymer. 10. A passive solar system using the heat collecting panel according to claim 1.