JPH1019388A - Hybrid type panel and building equipped with this hybrid type panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance both of the efficiency of heat collection and the efficiency of power generation by providing a first solar cell of a light transmitting type, a second solar cell disposed on the rear side of the first solar cell with an air layer between them and a heat collecting plate disposed in contact with the second solar cell on the rear side of the second solar cell. SOLUTION: A hybrid type panel is equipped with a case 10 of a flat box type. A heat insulating material 20 is laid all over the bottom surface of the case 10 and a heat collecting plate 30 is disposed thereon. On the other hand, a glass plate 40 constituted of white reinforced plate glass is fitted in the upper opening part of the case 10 with an air layer 50 of sufficient dimensions formed between the heat collecting plate 30 and it. A first solar cell 60 is bonded on the rear of the glass plate 40, while a second solar cell 70 is bonded on the surface of the heat collecting plate 30.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hybrid panel which is installed on a roof of a building such as a house and collects both electric energy and heat energy from solar energy and a hybrid panel such as a tile. The present invention relates to a building used as a substitute for a roof member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a residential photovoltaic power generation system in which a panel-shaped solar cell module is installed on a roof of a house or the like, and solar energy is converted into electric energy and supplied to the house has attracted attention. However, this system has not been widely used. The reason is that, despite the high price of the system, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the entire system is as low as about 10%, and it takes a long time to recover economic investment costs.

Here, as one method of improving the energy collection efficiency of the entire system, not only is solar energy converted to electric energy, but also heat energy is collected from solar energy, and both are supplied to a house. The light-heat hybrid system is effective, and its development has been promoted.

[0004] As a conventional example of a panel-shaped module used in this system, that is, a hybrid panel, there is a hybrid panel disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 60-101648.

[0005] As shown in FIG. 10, this hybrid panel has a flat box-shaped case 1 covered with a heat insulating material 2 such as glass wool on the bottom surface, and a solar cell 4 mounted on a heat collecting plate 3 placed thereon. Is attached closely. The upper opening of the case 1 is closed by a transparent glass plate 5, and an air layer 6 is formed between the back surface (lower surface) of the glass plate 5 and the heat collecting plate 3 on which the solar cells 4 are attached. I have.

Another example of a conventional hybrid panel is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-066978. As shown in FIG. 11, this hybrid panel has a structure in which a solar cell 4 is closely attached to the back surface of a glass plate 5 that covers the upper opening of the case 1, and only this point is the same as FIG. Is different from the hybrid type panel shown in FIG.

In these hybrid panels, a solar cell using a crystalline wafer such as crystalline silicon or a thin film such as amorphous silicon is used as a solar cell. These solar cells are closely bonded to a glass plate or a heat collecting plate directly or via a thin insulating layer.

When a thin-film solar cell is used,
The solar cell of the light transmission type is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-21.
8001. This is shown in FIG.
FIG. 1 is an advanced type of the hybrid type panel shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, both the front surface electrode 4b and the back surface electrode 4c sandwiching the semiconductor layer 4a of the solar cell 4 attached to the back surface of the glass plate 5 are made of a transparent conductive film. According to this structure, in the solar cell 4, power is generated by short-wavelength light absorbed by the semiconductor layer 4a, and long-wavelength light that is not absorbed by the solar cell 4 passes through the solar cell 4 and is a heat collecting plate on the back side. 3 (see FIG. 11), the heat collection efficiency of the heat collecting plate 3 is improved.

In a thin-film solar cell, the power generation efficiency can be improved by laminating a semiconductor layer having a wide band gap and a semiconductor layer having a narrow band gap.

[0010]

Incidentally, since the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar cell has a negative temperature coefficient, it is desirable that the operating temperature be lower. On the other hand, the higher the temperature of the heat collecting plate, the more effective heat can be obtained. For this reason, it is desirable that the solar cell converts the absorbed light into electrical energy without converting it into heat, and that the light not absorbed by the solar cell is collected as heat by the heat collecting plate.

However, in practice, of the light absorbed by the solar cell, energy that does not contribute to power generation is converted into heat by the solar cell, which lowers the efficiency of the solar cell. In general, in solar cells, in order to increase power generation efficiency,
Although an electrode having high reflection efficiency is formed on the back surface, light that is not absorbed by the solar cell is reflected by this electrode and does not reach the heat collecting plate, so that the heat collecting efficiency of the heat collecting plate decreases.

In the hybrid type panel shown in FIG. 10, since the solar cell 4 is mounted on the surface of the heat collecting plate 3, most of the heat generated in the solar cell 4 is transmitted to the heat collecting plate 3. There is a problem that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell 4 decreases due to the temperature rise of the hot plate 3.

On the other hand, in the hybrid type panel shown in FIG. 11, the solar cell 4 is mounted on the back surface of the glass plate 5 and the air layer 6 is sandwiched between the solar cell 4 and the heat collecting plate 3. Most of the heat generated in the solar cell 4 is transmitted to the glass plate 5 and is radiated from the surface thereof, so that a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a rise in the temperature of the solar cell 5 is avoided. However, the efficiency of heat collection by the heat collecting plate 3 is low.

The hybrid panel shown in FIG. 12 improves this point. Long-wavelength light that is not absorbed by the solar cell 4 passes through the solar cell 4 and reaches the heat collecting plate 3. However, in this case, since reflection on the back surface of the solar cell 4 cannot be expected, there is a problem that the power generation efficiency is greatly reduced.

In order to improve the power generation efficiency, it is desirable to use a stacked solar cell as described above. In the case of a stacked type, since the two photovoltaic layers are stacked in series, it is necessary to adjust the thickness of each photovoltaic layer so that the currents generated in the photovoltaic layers are equal. Becomes However, in such a case, when the spectrum of sunlight changes, the generated current of each power generation layer changes, and a difference occurs in the generated current.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid panel having both high heat collection efficiency and high power generation efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to install such a hybrid type panel as a roof member on a roof base material, thereby eliminating the need for an original roof member such as a tile and as part of roof construction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a building equipped with a hybrid panel that can be constructed as a solar panel and can greatly reduce the total cost of a solar house.

[0018]

A hybrid panel according to the present invention comprises a first light-transmitting solar cell and a second solar cell disposed on the back side of the first solar cell via an air layer. A battery and a heat collecting plate disposed on the back side of the second solar cell in contact with the second solar cell are provided, thereby achieving the above object.

Preferably, the heat collecting plate is arranged on the back side of the transparent substrate via an air layer between the transparent substrate and a heat insulating material is arranged on the back side of the heat collecting plate. The first solar cell is provided on the back surface of the substrate, and the second solar cell is provided on the surface of the heat collecting plate.

Preferably, the band gap of the second solar cell is narrowed by at least 0.3 eV or more than the band gap of the first solar cell.

[0021] Preferably, the first solar cell and the second solar cell are connected in parallel in such a manner that an equal voltage is generated by integration and series connection.

[0022] Preferably, the first solar cell is an amorphous thin-film solar cell containing silicon as a main component.

Preferably, at least 80% of the back electrode of the first solar cell is a transparent conductive film.

Preferably, the second solar cell comprises an amorphous thin-film solar cell containing silicon and germanium as main components, a crystalline thin-film solar cell containing silicon as a main component, and cadmium telluride as a main component. Thin-film solar cells,
Alternatively, a solar cell mainly containing indium copper diselenide.

Preferably, the second solar cell is formed directly on the surface of the heat collecting plate.

Preferably, the second solar cell is a crystalline wafer solar cell containing silicon as a main component.

Preferably, the second solar cell has a minimum value of reflection due to interference at a wavelength of 650 to 900 nm.
The surface has an antireflection film whose film thickness is set so as to appear in (1).

Preferably, air present in an air layer between the first solar cell and the second solar cell is circulated.

Further, in a building provided with the hybrid panel of the present invention, the above-mentioned hybrid panel is installed on a roof base material, thereby achieving the above object.

Hereinafter, the operation will be described.

The light-transmitting first solar cell generates electric power by absorbing light having a short wavelength. Since this solar cell only needs to absorb light having a short wavelength, a semiconductor having a wide band gap can be used, and thus the power generation voltage can be increased. Further, since long-wavelength light is transmitted, heat radiation through the glass plate is small. Further, since an air layer is interposed between the heat collecting plate and the heat collecting plate, a decrease in power generation efficiency due to an increase in temperature of the heat collecting plate can be avoided.

On the other hand, the second solar cell disposed on the back side of the first solar cell via the air layer absorbs long-wavelength light transmitted through the first solar cell to generate power. The heat generated in the solar cell is easily transmitted to the heat collecting plate regardless of whether the solar cell is a light transmission type or a light reflection type. In the case of the light transmission type, light of a longer wavelength that has passed through the second solar cell reaches the heat collecting plate, and its heat energy is collected by the heat collecting plate.

As with the stacked solar cells, the power generation efficiency of the two solar cells can be improved by making the band gap of the second solar cell narrower than the band gap of the first solar cell. That is, by making the band gap of the second solar cell narrower than the band gap of the first solar cell, the long-wavelength light energy transmitted through the first solar cell can be efficiently converted into electric energy by the second solar cell. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell as a whole is improved.

Moreover, unlike the stacked solar cell, the two solar cells are separated, so that they can be connected in parallel. In the case of parallel connection, it is not necessary to make the generated currents of the two solar cells equal. Even if the spectrum of sunlight changes due to weather conditions, the change in voltage is small. For these reasons, there is no loss due to a difference in generated current due to a change in the solar spectrum, which is a problem in the stacked type. Therefore, also in this regard, the power generation efficiency of the entire solar cell can be improved.

For these reasons, according to the hybrid panel of the present invention, both the heat collection efficiency and the power generation efficiency can be improved.

The thickness of the anti-reflection film formed on the surface of the second solar cell is set so that the minimum value of the reflection due to interference is a wavelength of 6
If it is set so as to appear at 50 to 900 nm, reflection of long wavelength light transmitted through the first solar cell at the second solar cell is minimized.

Further, if the second solar cell is formed directly on the surface of the heat collecting plate, the efficiency of heat transfer from the second solar cell to the heat collecting plate is improved.

Further, if air existing in the air layer between the first solar cell and the second solar cell is circulated, heat can be collected by air, so that the overall heat collecting efficiency can be improved. .

Further, when the above-mentioned hybrid panel is installed on a roof base material, the hybrid panel replaces an original roof member such as a tile, so that a tile or the like becomes unnecessary. Also, it can be constructed as part of roof construction. Therefore, the total cost of a solar house can be significantly reduced.

[0040]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIGS. 1 to 3 show Embodiment 1 of a hybrid panel of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, this hybrid type panel has a flat box type case 10.
Is provided. A heat insulating material 20 is spread on the bottom surface of the case 10, and a heat collecting plate 30 is disposed thereon. on the other hand,
A glass plate 40 made of tempered white glass is fitted into the upper opening of the case 10 with an air layer 50 having a sufficient width between the glass plate 40 and the heat collecting plate 30. And the glass plate 4
The first solar cell 60 is adhered to the back surface of the heat collecting plate 3.
The second solar cell 70 is adhered to the surface of the zero.

The first solar cell 60 is a light-transmitting thin-film solar cell using amorphous silicon for the power generation layer.
This solar cell 60 has the structure shown in FIG. 2 and is manufactured by the following process.

First, a p-type conductive layer 63, an i-type conductive layer 64, and an n-type conductive layer 6 are formed on a glass substrate 61 via a patterned transparent conductive film 62 by a CVD method.
5 are laminated in this order. Subsequently, after patterning the laminated film, a transparent conductive film 66 is formed thereon by a sputtering method, and this is patterned. Each layer is electrically connected in series.

Here, each of the p-type conductive layer 63, the i-type conductive layer 64 and the n-type conductive layer 65 has a thickness of 10n.
m, 150 nm and 15 nm. The i-type conductive layer 64 was formed from a mixed gas of monosilane and hydrogen, and had an optical band gap of 1.7 eV. Collector electrodes 67, 67 were formed on the transparent conductive films 62, 66 by screen printing silver paste.

On the other hand, the second solar cell 70 is a light-transmitting thin-film solar cell using amorphous silicon germanium for the power generation layer. As shown in FIG. 3, the second solar cell 70 has a p-type conductive layer formed on a glass substrate 71 via a transparent conductive film 72 by a CVD method, similarly to the first solar cell 60. 73, an i-type conductive layer 74 and an n-type conductive layer 75 are laminated in this order, and then a transparent conductive film 76 is formed thereon by sputtering, and a collecting electrode 77 is formed on the transparent conductive films 72 and 76. , 77 are formed.

Here, the p-type conductive layer 73, the i-type conductive layer 74, and the n-type conductive layer 75 each have a thickness of 10n.
m, 300 nm and 15 nm. i-type conductive layer 7
No. 4 was formed from a mixed gas of monosilane, germanium and hydrogen, and its optical band gap was 1.4 eV.

The assembly of the hybrid panel was performed as follows. First, the first solar cell 60, the EAV resin, and the transparent film are laminated on the glass plate 40,
The first solar cell 60 is bonded to the glass plate 40 by vacuum heating. In bonding, an output output line to the outside is formed by a copper foil. On the other hand, the second solar cell 70
The heat collecting plate 30 is adhered to the surface of the heat collecting plate 30 using a heat conductive silicon resin. In bonding, an output output line to the outside is formed by a copper foil.

Further, glass wool having a thickness of 35 mm is spread as a heat insulating material 20 on the bottom surface of the case 10.
The heat collecting plate 30 to which the second solar cell 70 is bonded is installed. Thereafter, the glass plate 40 to which the first solar cell 60 is adhered is attached to the case 10 such that the solar cell 60 faces the back side. The two solar cells 60, 70 are connected in parallel, with each being integrated and connected in series such that an equal voltage is generated.

The performance of the produced hybrid panel was measured on a spring sunny day. The area of the panel is 1 m ² .
Water having an initial temperature of 25 ° C. was circulated from the heat storage tank to the heat collecting plate 30. Table 1 shows the measured performance together with the performance of the comparative example. The power generation efficiency and panel temperature were measured at noon, and the water temperature in the thermal storage tank was measured at sunset.

[0050]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, Comparative Example 1 is a hybrid type panel shown in FIG. 10 and has a structure in which a solar cell is attached in close contact with the surface of a heat collecting plate. Comparative Example 2 is a hybrid type panel shown in FIG. 11, and has a structure in which a solar cell is attached in close contact with the back surface of a glass plate. Comparative Example 3 is a hybrid panel shown in FIG.
The solar cell has a structure in which the solar cell is closely attached to the back surface of a glass plate, and the back surface electrode is formed of a transparent conductive film.
In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the back electrode of the solar cell is a metal electrode having a high reflection effect.

In each of the comparative examples, the solar cell was a laminated thin-film solar cell, and the first layer was made of amorphous silicon having an optical band cap of 1.7 eV and the second layer was made according to the first embodiment. Has an optical band cap made of amorphous silicon germanium having 1.4 eV. However, the first layer and the second layer are connected in series.

In Comparative Example 1, the temperature of the heat collecting plate was high because the solar cell was closely attached to the surface of the heat collecting plate.
Although the water temperature also rose the most, the power generation efficiency was low at 7.8% due to the transmission loss of the glass plate on the surface and the cell temperature rose, and the daily power generation was as low as 371 (Wh).

In Comparative Example 2, the power generation efficiency was as high as 8.8% because the solar cell was attached in close contact with the back surface of the glass plate, but the daily power generation was 427 (Wh). 443 (Wh) of Example 1 corresponding to Embodiment 1
There were few compared with. This is considered to be due to a loss caused by a change in the solar spectrum. Regarding heat collection, the temperature of the heat collecting plate was low and the rise in water temperature was the smallest because sunlight did not pass through the solar cell.

In Comparative Example 3, since the back electrode of the solar cell attached in close contact with the back surface of the glass plate was transparent, there was no effect of containing light, and the power generation efficiency and the amount of power generated per day were minimal ( 7.5% and 364 (Wh), respectively. The heat collection was better than Comparative Example 2, but the temperature of the heat collecting plate was lower and the rise in water temperature was smaller than that of Example 1.

In the first embodiment, the first solar cell 6
Table 2 shows the photoelectric conversion efficiency when the band cap of 0 was fixed at 1.7 eV and the band cap of the second solar cell 70 was changed. As is apparent from Table 2, in order to improve the power generation efficiency, the difference between the band cap of the first solar cell 60 and the band cap of the second solar cell 70 may be set to 0.3 eV or more. You can see that.

[0057]

[Table 2]

(Embodiment 2) FIGS. 4 and 5 show Embodiment 2 of the hybrid panel of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the second solar cell 70 provided on the surface of the heat collecting plate 30
However, this is different from that of the first embodiment. First solar cell 60
Since other configurations including the above are the same as those in the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the detailed description is omitted.

The second solar cell 70 of the second embodiment is a light reflection type thin film solar cell using amorphous silicon germanium for the power generation layer, and is formed directly on the surface of the heat collecting plate 30.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the solar cell 70 is formed by applying and firing silicon dioxide as an insulating film 72 ′ on the surface of a metal substrate 71 ′ also serving as the heat collecting plate 30. A metal film 73 'is formed as a back electrode by a sputtering method. Then, an n-type conductive layer 74 ′, an i-type conductive layer 75 ′, and a p-type conductive layer 7 are formed on the metal film 73 ′ by a plasma CVD method.
6 'are laminated in this order, and a transparent conductive film 77' also serving as an antireflection film is formed thereon by sputtering. Further, collecting electrodes 78 'and 78' are formed on the metal film 73 'and the transparent conductive film 77'. The heat collecting plate 30 is also formed by coating the front surface with a transparent resin and attaching the heat collecting tube 31 to the back surface of the metal substrate 71 '.

Here, the thicknesses of the n-type conductive layer 74 ', the i-type conductive layer 75', and the p-type conductive layer 76 'were 50 nm, 300 nm, and 10 nm, respectively. The i-type conductive layer 75 'is formed from a mixed gas of monosilane, germanium, and hydrogen, and has an optical band gap of 1.4.
eV. The refractive index of the transparent conductive film 77 ′ also serving as an anti-reflection film was 1.9, and the film thickness was 100 nm. At this time, it was confirmed that the minimum value of the reflection due to interference appeared at a wavelength of 770 nm.

When the performance of the hybrid panel manufactured as described above was measured, the second solar cell 70
Is formed directly on the heat collecting plate 30, the thermal conductivity during this period is good, and it has been confirmed that the heat collecting efficiency can be improved as compared with the first embodiment.

In the second solar cell 70, the thickness of the transparent conductive film 77 ′ on the surface also serving as the anti-reflection film is set to 100 nm so that the minimum value of the reflection due to interference appears at the wavelength of 770 nm. In order to clarify the effectiveness, the film thickness is set to 78 n so that the minimum value of reflection due to interference appears at a wavelength of 550 to 600 nm as in a general solar cell.
The comparison with the case where m was set was performed.

FIG. 9 shows the respective spectral reflectances together with the spectral intensity of the second solar cell 70. When the film thickness of the transparent conductive film 77 'is 100 nm, the current of the second solar cell 70 is increased by about 3% as compared with the case where the film thickness is 78 nm. This is because the maximum value of the spectral sensitivity of the second solar cell 70 is near the wavelength of 740 nm, and when the film thickness is 100 nm, the reflection takes the minimum value near the wavelength.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 6 shows Embodiment 3 of the hybrid panel of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the second solar cell 70 provided on the surface of the heat collecting plate 30 is formed of a single-crystal silicon wafer. This solar cell 70
It is bonded in a sandwich state to the surface of the heat collecting plate 30 using the EVA resin 79. The thickness of the antireflection film made of titanium oxide was set to 87 nm so that the minimum value of reflection due to interference appeared at a wavelength of 800 nm. First solar cell 6
Since the configuration of other parts, including 0, is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to corresponding parts, and specific description will be omitted.

The performance of the produced hybrid panel was measured. As a result, it was confirmed that the first solar cell 60 absorbed long-wavelength light as compared with the first embodiment, so that the power generation efficiency could be improved.

(Embodiment 4) FIGS. 7 and 8 show Embodiment 4 of the hybrid panel of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG.
00 are arranged on the roof surface in both vertical and horizontal directions. As shown in FIG. 8, each hybrid panel 100 is configured integrally with a roof. That is, the heat collecting plate 30 having the second solar cell 70 adhered to the surface thereof is stacked on the field plate 110 as an example of the roof base material constituting the roof via the roofing 120, and Thermal insulation 1 below
30 are provided.

The glass plate 40 disposed on the heat collecting plate 30 via the air layer 50 and having the first solar cell 60 adhered to the back surface is held in the frame 80 together with the heat collecting plate 30. . The frame 80 has a structure in which openings are provided on upper and lower side surfaces so that air existing in the air layer 50 flows. The circulating air passes through the inside of the plurality of hybrid panels 100 arranged in the vertical direction from the top to the bottom, and is taken into the room from the duct 140 provided in the roof ridge.

In the fourth embodiment, not only heat is collected by the water and the antifreeze flowing through the heat collecting tube provided on the heat collecting plate 30, but also by the air flowing between the heat collecting plate 30 and the glass plate 40. Since heat collection is performed, heat collection efficiency can be improved. In addition, the efficiency of the solar cell can be improved by the cooling effect of air.

According to the fourth embodiment, a building such as a solar house having the above-mentioned hybrid panel as a roof member can be realized. According to such a building, since the hybrid panel replaces the original roof member such as a tile, the tile or the like becomes unnecessary. Also, it can be constructed as part of roof construction.

[0071]

According to the hybrid panel of the present invention described above, the second solar cell is disposed on the back side of the light-transmitting first solar cell via an air layer, and the second solar cell Since the heat collecting plate is arranged on the back surface in contact with the solar cell, both the heat collecting efficiency and the power generation efficiency can be improved. For this reason,
A panel with high solar energy collection efficiency can be realized.

According to the hybrid panel of the third aspect, the band gap of the second solar cell is
From the band gap of the first solar cell, at least 0.
Since the width is narrowed by 3 eV or more, there is an advantage that the power generation efficiency of the entire solar cell can be particularly increased.

According to the hybrid panel of the present invention, the two solar cells are connected in parallel with each other in a state where the same voltage is generated by integration and series connection. Since there is no loss due to the difference between the currents generated in the two solar cells, there is an advantage that the power generation efficiency can be increased accordingly.

According to the hybrid type panel of the present invention, since a portion of the back electrode of the first solar cell, which is 80% or more, is a transparent conductive film, the power generation efficiency of the second solar cell and There is an advantage that the heat collecting efficiency of the heat collecting plate can be further improved.

According to the hybrid panel of the present invention, since the second solar cell is formed directly on the surface of the heat collecting plate, the heat collecting efficiency of the heat collecting plate can be further improved. There is.

According to the hybrid panel of the present invention, the second solar cell preferably includes an antireflection film having a thickness set such that a minimum value of reflection due to interference appears at a wavelength of 650 to 900 nm. Because it has on the surface,
There is an advantage that the power generation efficiency of the second solar cell and the heat collection efficiency of the heat collecting plate can be further improved.

According to the hybrid panel of the present invention, the air existing in the air layer between the first solar cell and the second solar cell is circulated. This has the advantage that the overall heat collection efficiency can be further improved.

In addition, according to the building having the hybrid panel of the present invention, the hybrid panel replaces the original roof member such as a tile, so that the tile is not required. Also,
Can be constructed as part of roof construction. For this reason, there is an advantage that the total cost as a solar house can be significantly reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing Embodiment 1 of a hybrid panel of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first solar cell used for the hybrid panel of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second solar cell used for the hybrid panel of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing Embodiment 2 of the hybrid panel of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a second solar cell used for the hybrid panel of the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing Embodiment 3 of the hybrid panel of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a hybrid panel according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing a usage state of the hybrid panel.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing Embodiment 4 of the hybrid panel of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the antireflection film and the spectral reflectance together with the spectral intensity of the second solar cell.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a conventional example of a hybrid panel.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing another conventional example of a hybrid panel.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing still another conventional example of a hybrid panel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Case 20 Heat insulating material 30 Heat collecting plate 40 Glass plate 50 Air layer 60 1st solar cell 70 2nd solar cell 80 Frame 100 Hybrid type panel 110 Field plate 120 Roofing 130 Heat insulating material 140 Duct

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Agency reference number FI Technical indication H01L 31/042 H01L 31/04 R (72) Inventor Shigeru Sugita 22nd Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka No. 22 Inside Sharp Corporation (72) Inventor Satoshi Fujii 22-22 Nagaikecho, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Inside Sharp Corporation (72) Inventor Masafumi Kano 32 Wadai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Atsushi Hasegawa 32 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshihiro Kondo 32 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A light-transmitting first solar cell, a second solar cell disposed on the back side of the first solar cell via an air layer, and a back side of the second solar cell. And a heat collecting plate disposed in contact with the second solar cell. 2. The transparent substrate, wherein the heat collecting plate is disposed on the back side of the transparent substrate via an air layer between the transparent substrate and a heat insulating material is disposed on the back side of the heat collecting plate. The hybrid panel according to claim 1, wherein the first solar cell is provided on a back surface of the heat collecting plate, and the second solar cell is provided on a surface of the heat collecting plate. 3. The hybrid panel according to claim 1, wherein a band gap of the second solar cell is narrower by at least 0.3 eV than a band gap of the first solar cell. 4. The first solar cell and the second solar cell are connected in parallel in such a manner that equal voltages are generated by integration and series connection, respectively. 4. The hybrid panel according to any one of 3. 5. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the first solar cell is an amorphous thin-film solar cell containing silicon as a main component.
The hybrid panel according to any one of the above. 6. 80% of the back electrode of the first solar cell
The hybrid panel according to claim 1, wherein the portion is a transparent conductive film. 7. The second solar cell is an amorphous thin-film solar cell mainly containing silicon and germanium, a crystalline thin-film solar cell mainly containing silicon, and a thin-film solar cell mainly containing cadmium telluride. The hybrid panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hybrid panel is a battery or a solar cell mainly containing indium copper diselenide. 8. The hybrid panel according to claim 1, wherein the second solar cell is formed directly on a surface of the heat collecting plate. 9. The hybrid panel according to claim 1, wherein the second solar cell is a crystal wafer solar cell containing silicon as a main component. 10. The second solar cell according to claim 1, wherein an antireflection film having a thickness set such that a minimum value of reflection due to interference appears at a wavelength of 650 to 900 nm. A hybrid panel as described in Crab. 11. The hybrid panel according to claim 1, wherein air existing in an air layer between said first solar cell and said second solar cell is circulated. 12. A building provided with a hybrid panel in which the hybrid panel according to claim 1 is installed on a roof base material.