JPH09199161A - Metal hydride alkaline battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the rate of occurrence of a liquid overflow defect when a battery is assembled and suppress a self-discharge by containing an ion exchange material in at least one of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte separately from a separator. SOLUTION: At least one is selected from a group of the sulfone group, carboxyl group, and amine group for the ion exchange group of an ion exchange material. A solid ion exchange material or an ion exchange material soluble in an alkaline electrolyte is used. An ion exchange resin or sulfonated polyolefin is used for the solid ion exchange material, and unbridged polystyrene sulfuric acid is used for the ion exchange material soluble in the alkaline electrolyte. The solid ion exchange material is formed into a powder shape or a fiber shape, and it is mixed in the active material of a positive electrode or the active material of a negative electrode.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention includes a negative electrode containing a hydrogen storage alloy as a main component, a positive electrode containing nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide, silver oxide or the like as a main active material, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An intervening separator, an alkaline electrolyte consisting of an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, a separator, and a battery container accommodating a power generating element consisting of the alkaline electrolyte, and a nitrogen-containing substance in the alkaline electrolyte. The present invention relates to suppression of self-discharge of a metal hydride alkaline battery provided with a substance to be released.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A negative electrode composed mainly of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode composed mainly of nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide, silver oxide, etc., a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and water. A metal hydride alkaline battery including a battery container accommodating an alkaline electrolyte composed of an alkaline oxide aqueous solution and the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separator, and the alkaline electrolyte has been developed in recent years and is a high energy density battery. As a result, it is expected to be used for portable equipment, and is expected to be used for electric vehicles and artificial satellites.

The negative electrode of this battery uses a hydrogen storage alloy capable of electrochemically storing and releasing hydrogen electrochemically, and this electrode reaction is used as the electromotive reaction of the negative electrode.
It shows a potential close to that of a cadmium electrode or hydrogen gas diffusion electrode.

For the positive electrode, the separator, the electrolytic solution and the battery container of this battery, those similar to the nickel-cadmium battery were used.

AB ₅ type and AB ₂ type intermetallic compounds are used as the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode. Among these, AB ₅ type is a discharge capacity, charge-discharge cycle life, by partially substituting La and Ni of intermetallic compound LaNi ₅ having a CaCu ₅ type crystal structure with various dissimilar metals,
The high-rate discharge characteristics were optimized (T. Hazama, US Pat. No. 5,284,619). Also, AB ₂ type is C14 type (MgZn ₂
Lave with a C15 type or C15 type (MgCu ₂ type) crystal structure
It is an s-phase intermetallic compound, and even in this hydrogen storage alloy, multiple different metal elements were used at the A and B sites to optimize the discharge capacity and charge-discharge cycle life (K. Sapru, et. al., U.S. Patent 4,551,400; T. Gamo, e.
t. al., European Patent 293660B1).

[0006]

However, such a metal hydride alkaline battery has a problem that the self-discharge rate is higher than that of a cadmium alkaline battery using cadmium for the negative electrode.

The main cause of self-discharge of nickel-cadmium battery is nitrogen derived from the raw material salt, which remains as an impurity in the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material, and nitrogen derived from the decomposition product of the polyamide separator. It is known to be in the "nitrate-nitrite shutlle" mechanism due to the contained substances.

A similar self-discharging mechanism is also considered in metal hydride alkaline batteries.

In the nickel-metal hydride battery, as one of the countermeasures, when a sintered nickel hydroxide electrode manufactured by using an aqueous solution containing nickel nitrate is used as a positive electrode, it is charged in an open system after the battery is assembled. , A storage method at 30 to 60 ° C. to remove nitrate ions has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-3202071). However, in this method, while the battery is charged in an open system and left to stand, the alkaline electrolyte absorbs carbonate in the air and contaminates the electrolyte, or the water in the alkaline electrolyte evaporates. Therefore, there was a problem that the concentration and amount of the electrolytic solution changed.

Further, in the nickel-metal hydride battery,
Even if the raw material salt of the positive electrode active material does not contain nitrate radicals and a polyamide separator is not used, there is a problem that the self-discharge rate is high, and this problem could not be solved by the method of JP-A-4-322071. As one of the causes, even in a separator made of a non-polyamide synthetic resin material such as a polyolefin-based separator, the synthetic resin material contains various nitrogen-containing substances as additives. , Which elutes in the alkaline electrolyte of the battery,
It is considered that the self-discharge of the metal hydride alkaline storage battery occurs. In addition, nitrogen roots derived from nitrogen in the air adhered to the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode, which was eluted in the alkaline electrolyte and contributed to self-discharge of the metal hydride alkaline storage battery. .

Therefore, there has been a means for suppressing self-discharge of a nickel metal hydride alkaline battery by using a sulfonated polyolefin separator.

However, although the sulfonated polyolefin separator itself has a permanent hydrophilicity due to the sulfone group, it does not have a polyamide separator or a surface active agent attached thereto, or has a fluorine and hydroxyl group or a carbonyl group on its surface. Compared with a polyolefin separator that has been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment such as by including, since the absorption rate of the alkaline electrolyte is low, using this as a separator reduces the production efficiency of the metal hydride alkaline battery. I had a problem with.

Further, since the sulfonated polyolefin separator uses fuming sulfuric acid or hot concentrated sulfuric acid in order to carry out the sulfonation treatment of the polyolefin, strict protective measures are required in the sulfonation treatment step. There is also a problem that the cost of the polyolefin separator increases.

Therefore, it is possible to charge the battery in an open system and to leave it without using a polyolefin separator.
A metal hydride alkaline storage battery having excellent self-discharge characteristics has been desired.

[0015]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an alkali. Electrolyte solution, a battery container, in a metal hydride battery comprising a substance that releases a nitrogen-containing substance to the alkaline electrolyte, separately from the separator, at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode or the alkaline electrolyte, an ion Provided is a metal hydride alkaline battery having an exchange material. Further, there is provided the above metal hydride alkaline battery, wherein the ion exchange group of the ion exchange material is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfone group, a carboxyl group and an amine group. Further, there is provided the above metal hydride alkaline battery, wherein the ion exchange material included in at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode is solid. And, the metal hydride alkaline battery in which the solid cation exchange material is an ion exchange resin or polystyrene sulfonic acid is provided. Also provided is the above metal hydride alkaline battery in which the ion exchange material is a material soluble in the alkaline electrolyte. Further provided is the above metal hydride alkaline battery in which the cation exchange material soluble in the alkaline electrolyte is uncrosslinked sulfonated polystyrene. Then, the metal hydride alkaline battery is provided in which the solid ion-exchange material is in the form of powder or fibers and is mixed with the active material of the positive electrode or the active material of the negative electrode.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A metal hydride alkaline battery according to the present invention is a metal hydride alkaline battery provided with a substance for releasing a nitrogen-containing substance into an electrolytic solution, and at least a negative electrode, a positive electrode or an alkaline electrolytic solution is provided separately from a separator. One is configured to include an ion exchange material. Then, at least one of the group consisting of a sulfone group, a carboxyl group and an amine group is selected and used as the ion exchange group of this ion exchange material. Further, the ion exchange material is solid or soluble in an alkaline electrolyte, an ion exchange resin or a sulfonated polyolefin as a solid ion exchange material, and an uncrosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid as an ion exchange material soluble in an alkaline electrolyte. To use. Further, the solid ion-exchange material is powdery or fibrous and is mixed with the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material.

By adopting such a configuration,
The following effects are obtained.

That is, according to a detailed study by the inventors, a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an alkaline electrolyte, and a battery container In the metal hydride battery including a substance that releases a nitrogen-containing substance into the alkaline electrolyte, at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode, or the alkaline electrolyte is a metal hydride alkaline battery including an ion exchange material, With this ion exchange material,
Ionic nitrogen-containing substances that cause self-discharge are trapped. As a result, the concentration of the nitrogen-containing substance in the alkaline electrolyte is significantly reduced, and self-discharge can be effectively suppressed.

Furthermore, if the means of the present invention is adopted, the separator is not made of sulfonated polyolefin having a low electrolyte absorption rate, but is made of polyamide, has a surfactant attached, or has fluorine and hydroxyl groups or carbonyl groups on the surface. Even in the case of using a separator having a high absorption rate of an electrolytic solution, such as a polyolefin containing a nitrogen-containing substance that has been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment such as by including the above, the self-discharge can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain the operational effect of suppressing self-discharge without inducing a decrease in production efficiency of the metal hydride alkaline storage battery.

Further, self-discharge of a metal hydride alkaline storage battery is performed by reducing a nitrogen-containing substance having a high oxidation state such as nitrite ion dissolved in an alkaline electrolyte by a hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode (at that time). The negative electrode is oxidized and discharged.) A nitrogen-containing substance in a reduced state such as ammonium ion is generated, and this nitrogen-containing substance in a reduced state such as ammonium ion diffuses in the alkaline electrolyte and moves to the positive electrode. The self-discharge progresses by the mechanism of being oxidized into the positive electrode active material (the positive electrode is reduced and discharged at that time). Since the nitrogen-containing substance involved in such a reaction mechanism is an anion such as nitrite ion or a cation such as ammonium ion, in the present invention, the cation-exchangeable or anion-exchangeable substance is used as the ion-exchange substance. , Or both ion-exchangeable ions, the ionic nitrogen-containing substance is captured by the ion-exchanged substance, effectively suppressing self-discharge of the metal hydride alkaline storage battery. To be done.

As the ion exchange material in the present invention, a solid insoluble in the alkaline electrolyte and a material soluble in the alkaline electrolyte can be used. As the solid insoluble in the alkaline electrolyte, there are organic polymer substances such as ion exchange resins and sulfonated polyolefins. However, sulfonated polyolefins are difficult to sulfonate to the inside, whereas ion-exchange resins are
Since the ion-exchange groups are present up to the inside, the ion-exchange capacity is orders of magnitude larger, and therefore the use of ion-exchange resins is far more effective. Also, an inorganic substance such as zeolite can be applied. As the ion exchange substance soluble in the alkaline electrolyte, a water-soluble substance such as uncrosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid can be applied.

The solid ion exchange material can be provided by mixing it inside the negative electrode or the positive electrode or by disposing it on the surface of the negative electrode or the positive electrode. As a result, the ionic nitrogen-containing substance that permeates the inside of the negative electrode or the positive electrode and is dissolved in the alkaline electrolyte that comes into contact with the surface of the negative electrode or the positive electrode is trapped by the ion exchange substance and the self-discharge is suppressed. The solid ion-exchange resin can be mixed with the powdery positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material, especially when it is in the form of powder or fiber, and therefore, in producing a metal hydride alkaline storage battery including the ion-exchange material, the positive electrode It is advantageous in that it facilitates the production of the negative electrode.

Alternatively, by adding an ion exchange substance soluble in the alkaline electrolyte to the alkaline electrolyte, the ionic nitrogen-containing substance eluted in the alkaline electrolyte is trapped by the ion exchange substance and self-generated. Discharge is suppressed.

Further, the ion exchange group of the ion exchange material in the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfone group, a carboxyl group and an amine group, so that a product such as a commercially available ion exchange resin can be obtained. As an advantage, the ion exchange material can be easily obtained at low cost. That is, as the cation exchange resin, one having a sulfone group or a carboxyl group as an ion exchange group is easily available, and as the anion exchange resin, one having an amine group as an ion exchange group is easily available.

[0025]

The invention will be described in detail by means of suitable examples. [Battery A (Example of the present invention)] The positive electrode of the metal hydride alkaline storage battery of the present invention was manufactured by the following method.

That is, a positive electrode active material powder mainly composed of nickel hydroxide obtained by coprecipitating hydroxides of these metals so that the weight ratio of nickel, cobalt and zinc is 95: 2: 3, Mix a small amount of cobalt hydroxide powder,
Water was added to this and kneaded to prepare a paste-like material. Cobalt hydroxide is an additive for improving the utilization rate of the active material of the positive electrode active material and obtaining the discharge reserve of the negative electrode. A similar effect can be obtained by using cobalt metal or cobalt oxide. Next, add about 300μ of this paste.
A foamed nickel porous body having an average pore size of m 2 was filled, dried, pressed, and cut into a predetermined size to obtain a positive electrode plate.

The negative electrode of the metal hydride alkaline storage battery of the present invention was manufactured by the following method.

That is, misch metal (hereinafter referred to as Mm. The main components are La: about 45% by weight, Ce: about 5).
% By weight, Pr: about 10% by weight, Nd: about 40% by weight. ), Ni, Co, Mn and Al metallic materials, M
It melted in an induction furnace so as to have the composition of _{mNi 3.50 Co 0.78 Al 0.40 Mn 0.} 32, solidified cast in a mold. Then, the ingot was crushed and sieved to obtain a hydrogen storage alloy powder having an average particle size of about 30 μm. Next, this hydrogen storage alloy powder, a small amount of carbon black as a conductive additive, and powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin, which is a trade name as an ion exchange material (manufactured by Organo Corporation. Strongly acidic cation exchange gel type. The ion exchange functional group is a sulfone group, a spherical shape having an effective diameter of 0.45 to 0.60 mm, a total powder exchange capacity of 4.4 mg equivalent / g dry resin), and the cation exchange resin powder is added to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy powder. The mixture was mixed in an amount of 0.5 part by weight, and this mixture was kneaded with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol having a function of a thickener and a binder to prepare a paste. Next, this paste material is applied to a nickel-plated perforated steel sheet having a thickness of about 80 μm and a porosity of about 39%, dried, pressed, and cut into a predetermined size. , A negative electrode was obtained.

Then, these three positive electrodes and four negative electrodes were laminated with a separator made of a polyamide non-woven fabric interposed therebetween and housed in a nickel-plated iron battery container.
An alkaline electrolyte in which 10 g / l of LiOH was dissolved in mol KOH aqueous solution was injected, and the battery was sealed with a lid having a positive electrode terminal also serving as a safety valve, and a rectangular sealed nickel metal hydride alkaline storage battery of the present invention. -Metal hydride battery A was manufactured. The size of this battery is 67mm long,
The width is 16.4 mm and the thickness is 5.6 mm. [Battery B (Example of the present invention)] Battery B of the example of the present invention is
Instead of the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin used in Battery A under the trade name, Amberlite IRC-50 cation exchange node powder (manufactured by Organo Co., weak acidic cation exchange MR type, ion exchange functional group is carboxyl). Spherical powder having an effective diameter of 0.33 to 0.50 mm and a total exchange capacity of 10 mg equivalent / g dry resin), and other configurations including the amount of the ion exchange resin are the same as those of the battery A. Battery B was manufactured. [Battery C (Example of the present invention)] Battery C of the example of the present invention is
In place of the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin used in Battery A, Amberlite IRA-400 anion exchange resin (manufactured by Organo. Strongest basic anion exchange gel type. Ion exchange functional group is-) N
(CH ₃ ) ₃ X group (X is an anion). Effective diameter 0.40
0.53 mm spherical powder. Total exchange capacity 3.7 mg equivalent /
g dry resin. ) Was used, and the other structures were the same as the battery A including the amount of the ion exchange resin, and the battery C of the present invention was manufactured. [Battery D (Example of the present invention)] The battery D of the example of the present invention is
In Battery A, the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin under the trade name was applied to the surface of the negative electrode instead of being mixed with the active material of the negative electrode. In other configurations, the amount of the cation exchange resin was also included. A battery D of the present invention was manufactured in the same manner as above. [Battery E (Example of the present invention)] The battery E of the example of the present invention is
In Battery A, the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin under the trade name is mixed with the active material of the positive electrode instead of being mixed with the active material of the negative electrode, and other configurations include the amount of the cation exchange resin. A battery E of the present invention was manufactured in the same manner as A. [Battery F (Example of the present invention)] The battery F of the example of the present invention is
In Battery A, the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin under the trade name was applied to the surface of the positive electrode instead of being mixed with the active material of the negative electrode, and the other configurations include the amount of the cation exchange resin. A battery F of the present invention was manufactured in the same manner as in. [Battery G (Example of the present invention)] The battery F of the example of the present invention is
In Battery A, in place of the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin under the trade name, fibers of sulfonated polyolefin sulfonated in a ratio of about 3 × 10 ⁻³ of sulfur per weight of carbon in the material, Hydrogen storage alloy powder 1
A battery G of the present invention was manufactured by mixing the same in the amount of 5 parts by weight with respect to 00 parts by weight and making the other configurations the same as the battery A. [Battery H (Example of the present invention)] The battery H of the example of the present invention is
In Battery A, instead of mixing powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin under the trade name, uncrosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd. was used in an alkaline electrolyte with respect to 100 parts by weight of hydrogen storage alloy powder. Then, a battery H of the present invention was manufactured in the same manner as the battery A except that the other components were dissolved and added in an amount of 0.3 parts by weight. [Battery I (Example of the present invention)] The battery I of the example of the present invention is
In Battery A, a separator made of a polyolefin nonwoven fabric having fluorine and a hydroxyl group or a carbonyl group on its surface to impart hydrophilicity is used instead of the polyamide nonwoven fabric separator, and other configurations are the same as those of Battery A. A battery I of the present invention was manufactured. [Battery J (Comparative Example)] A battery J of a comparative example was the same as Battery A except that the powder of Amberlite IR-120B cation exchange resin under the trade name was not used. [Battery K (Comparative Example)] The battery of Comparative Example K is the same as the battery I except that a separator made of a sulfonated polyolefin non-woven fabric is used instead of the separator made of the polyamide non-woven fabric. A battery K as a comparative example was manufactured. [Battery L (Comparative Example)] The battery of Comparative Example L is a battery I made of a polyolefin nonwoven fabric having fluorine and hydroxyl groups or carbonyl groups on the surface to impart hydrophilicity, instead of the polyamide nonwoven fabric separator. A battery L of a comparative example was manufactured by using the following separator and making the other configurations the same as the battery I. (Experiment) Regarding the batteries A to I of the present invention and the batteries J to L of the comparative example described above, the defective product occurrence rate of "liquid overflow" of the alkaline electrolyte at the time of battery assembly was examined. This "liquid overflow" means that when a battery is manufactured by injecting an alkaline electrolyte, if the electrolyte absorption rate of the separator is slow, it becomes difficult for the alkaline electrolyte to be absorbed by the separator, and the electrolyte becomes a battery container. It refers to a defect in the production of a battery that overflows outside. When this phenomenon occurs, the amount of the electrolytic solution retained in the battery after sealing becomes smaller than a predetermined amount, which causes a disadvantage that the charge / discharge cycle life of the battery is shortened. Here, it is represented by the ratio of the batteries in which liquid overflow has occurred in 100 assembled batteries.

Next, these remaining batteries, which did not cause liquid overflow, were subjected to formation by charging / discharging several times at 20 ° C. and then charged with a current of 180 mA (about 5 hour rate) for 6 hours. The discharge capacity when discharged with a current of 180 mA was about 900 mAh, and the capacity limiting pole of this discharge was the positive electrode. Further, both charging and discharging of this battery are limited by the capacity of the positive electrode.

Then, the self-discharge rate, that is, the capacity retention characteristic was examined under the following conditions.

That is, the above nickel-metal hydride battery was charged at a current of 900 mA at 20 ° C. for 66 minutes, and then a terminal voltage of 1.0 mA was applied at a current of 180 mA at 20 ° C.
Discharge to V and check the discharge capacity before self-discharge. After that, charge at a current of 900 mA at 20 ° C. for 66 minutes, and then store in a constant temperature bath of 40 ° C. for 7 days, and then, at a current of 180 mA at 20 ° C., a terminal voltage of 1.0 V.
Discharge and check the remaining discharge capacity. The capacity retention rate is calculated from the ratio of the remaining discharge capacity and the discharge capacity before self-discharge.

In these experiments, Table 1 shows the occurrence rate of liquid overflow at the time of battery assembly and the capacity retention rate for examining self-discharge.

[0034]

[Table 1] From Table 1, in addition to the separator, the metal hydride alkaline storage batteries A to H of the present invention, in which at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode or the alkaline electrolyte is provided with an ion exchange material, have no liquid overflow during battery assembly, and It can be seen that it also has an excellent performance that the capacity retention rate when left in a charged state is high, that is, the self-discharge rate is low.

On the other hand, the batteries I and L of the comparative example in which at least one of the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the alkaline electrolyte does not have an ion exchange substance do not cause liquid overflow defects, but retain the capacity when left in a charged state. Because the rate is small,
It can be seen that the self-discharge rate is high.

Further, the battery K of the comparative example using the sulfonated polyolefin nonwoven fabric as the separator has a low self-discharge rate, and therefore is excellent in that the capacity retention rate when left in a charged state is as large as the product of the present invention. However, since the separator made of the sulfonated polyolefin non-woven fabric has a low alkaline electrolyte absorption speed, a large amount of liquid overflow defects occur.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the case where the nickel hydroxide electrode is used as the positive electrode has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to the case where silver oxide or manganese oxide is used for the positive electrode.

Further, in the above embodiment, the specific amount of the ion exchange material in the present invention was explained, but this is only one example of the amount in which the action and effect of the present invention are sufficiently obtained. However, the present invention is not limited to this amount. The amount to be added can be variously selected according to the design needs such as the amount of nitrogen radicals released from the electrode constituent material, and the range not to unnecessarily increase the volume of the electrode. This is within the range easily conceivable from the essence of the present invention.

Further, in the above-mentioned examples, the hydrogen storage alloy having a specific composition and manufacturing method, the positive electrode active material having the additive of the specific composition, the positive electrode composition and the negative electrode composition, the specific electrode manufacturing method, the specific electrode Although the shape and electrode configuration of the battery and the composition and amount of the specific alkaline electrolyte have been described in detail, those having ordinary technical knowledge in the technical field can make modifications and changes within the scope of the present invention. And such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the invention.

[0040]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides a metal hydride alkaline storage battery which has two excellent properties of suppressing the occurrence of liquid overflow defects during battery assembly and suppressing self-discharge.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an alkaline electrolyte, a battery container, and a nitrogen-containing substance in the alkaline electrolyte. In a metal hydride battery provided with a substance to be released, separately from the separator, the negative electrode,
At least one of the positive electrode and the alkaline electrolyte contains an ion exchange material, and a metal hydride alkaline battery is provided. 2. The metal hydride alkaline battery according to claim 1, wherein the ion exchange group of the ion exchange material is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfone group, a carboxyl group and an amine group. . 3. The metal hydride alkaline battery according to claim 1, wherein the ion exchange material is a solid. 4. The solid, ion-exchange material is:
The metal hydride alkaline battery according to claim 3, which is an ion exchange resin or a sulfonated polyolefin. 5. The metal hydride alkaline battery according to claim 1, wherein the ion exchange material is a material soluble in the alkaline electrolyte. 6. The metal hydride alkaline battery according to claim 5, wherein the ion exchange material soluble in the alkaline electrolyte is uncrosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid. 7. The ion exchange material, which is the solid,
4. A powdery or fibrous form, which is mixed with the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode active material.
The alkaline metal hydride battery according to.