JPH09166981A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electronic musical instrument capable of selectively generating a complex and wide musical tone faithful to each of plural natural instruments by changing the pitch of a musical tone generated from a musical tone generating means when a damper operator such as a damper pedal is operated and changing the pitch in accordance with a timbre. SOLUTION: This instrument is provided with a keyboard 1, a damper pedal 5 and a timbre changing switch 14. When the keyboard 1 is turned off during the depression of the pedal 5, the generation of a musical tone generated at the time is maintained, and when the depression of the pedal 5 is released, the generation of the musical tone is damped. During the depression of the pedal 5, generation pitches of plural systems are shifted and resonated and a sound generation pitch to be resonated is changed in accordance with the timbre selected by the switch 14.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument provided with a damper operator such as a damper pedal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, electronic musical instruments provided with damper operators such as a damper pedal have been put to practical use. If the damper operator is operated during the tone generation of the continuous tone, the tone continues to be emitted at the same tone level even if the tone operation is stopped (key off or breath off). Further, if the damper operator is operated during the generation of the musical sound of the damping system, the damped sound (reverberation) continues even if the sounding operation is stopped.

In a natural musical instrument, for example, a piano, when the damper pedal is turned on, a unique sound is generated in addition to the continuation of the musical tone as described above. This sound is
When the damper pedal is turned on, not only the sounding string but also the string that is not sounding (not hit) is removed, so that resonance occurs.

Conventionally, various proposals have been made to reproduce this sound with an electronic musical instrument. For example, JP-A-64-
In 91193, when the damper pedal was turned on,
It has been proposed to reproduce the above-mentioned reverberation by mixing a normal musical sound (a musical sound produced when the damper pedal is turned off) and a resonance sound formed based on this musical sound.

[0005]

However, in the above-described method, a resonance tone is formed based on a normal tone generated by the tone synthesizer, and the resonance is mixed with the normal tone to produce a sound. There is a disadvantage that it is not possible to form a complicated and varied musical tone. On the other hand, there was a musical instrument in which the pitch of the musical tone was changed in accordance with the operation of the pedal operator, but the pitch deviation was set arbitrarily by the player, so that it was not easy to imitate a natural musical instrument. .

According to the present invention, when a damper operator such as a damper pedal is operated, the pitch of the musical tone itself generated by the musical tone generating means is changed, and the pitch is changed in accordance with the timbre. Yes,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of selectively generating a more faithful musical tone for each of a plurality of natural musical instruments.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a musical tone generating means for instructing generation and stop of generation of a musical tone, and a musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone in accordance with the instruction of the musical tone generating instruction means. And can be stepped on,
And a damper operator for maintaining the sound of the generated tone when the stop of the tone is instructed by the tone generation instructing means while being depressed, and silencing the sound when the step is released. In an electronic musical instrument, timbre selecting means for selecting a timbre of a tone generated by the tone generating means,
Pitch control means for generating a tone of the tone selected by the tone selection means and changing a pitch of a tone generated when the damper operator is operated by an amount corresponding to the tone of the tone; It is characterized by having.

The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is
The musical tone generating means generates a plurality of series of musical tones, and the pitch control means changes the pitch of each series of musical tones.

In the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, when the damper operator is operated, the musical sound generating means can make the musical sound to be generated have a slight pitch shift, thereby effectively expanding the musical sound. Since the pitch shift differs depending on the selected tone, for example, resonance of a grand piano or resonance of an upright piano when a damper operator is operated can be selectively imitated.

[0010]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. This electronic keyboard instrument is a piano-type electronic keyboard instrument called a so-called electronic piano, and a method of synthesizing a musical tone is a waveform memory reading method.
The waveform memory reading method is a method in which a sampled musical tone waveform is digitized and written in a ROM, and when a key is turned on, this data is read based on a tempo clock corresponding to the pitch of the key. This electronic musical instrument has a left-hand (L) and right-hand (R) two-channel stereo-sampled waveform memory, and can produce stereo sound. Furthermore, this electronic musical instrument is a mono sampled fortissimo (ff)
It has a waveform memory for waveforms, and cross fades are applied to the left and right channels with this fortissimo waveform in response to a key-on touch. This electronic musical instrument can generate 16 sounds at the same time, and 16 time-division channels synchronized with a clock are set for each of the L, R, and ff channels in order to form these 16 sounds independently.
It also has a damper pedal, similar to the piano of a natural musical instrument, and performs an operation (detune) to finely shift the tuning of the above three series of musical sounds in accordance with the degree of depression of the pedal, and the peculiarity of the musical sound when the damper pedal is depressed. I try to give a sense of expanse. In addition, it also has a function to add effects not found in natural musical instruments such as tremolo and vibrato. When these functions are specified, the LFO (low frequency oscillator) modulates the F number for each time division channel. I am trying to give these effects.

In the block diagram of FIG.
Each key has a key, and each key is configured to detect at least initial touch as well as key-on / key-off. As a mechanism for detecting the initial touch, for example, a mechanism in which two switches having different turning-on depths are provided and the key pressing speed is detected based on the time difference between these switches being turned on can be considered. Various other methods have already been proposed, but any method may be used as long as it can detect the speed and pressure of key depression.

The keyboard 1 is connected to a touch detection circuit 2 and a key press detection sound generation assignment circuit 3. The touch detection circuit 2 detects an initial touch signal TD of the turned on key,
This is a circuit that outputs in synchronization with the time division timing. The key press detection sounding assignment circuit 3 determines the currently pressed key by constantly scanning each key of the keyboard 1. When the key press detection tone generation allocating circuit 3 detects a new key press, a time division channel for generating a tone of the key code KC corresponding to the key turned on is allocated. The sound allocation is performed as an operation of outputting the key code KC and the key-on signal KON at the timing of the corresponding time division channel. The timing at which the above-mentioned TD is output is also synchronized with this.

The damper pedal 5 is provided at the legs of the electronic keyboard instrument and at the feet of the player. When the player is operating the keyboard 1 with his / her hand, the damper pedal 5 is operated by depressing with the foot (usually the right foot). Is done. When the damper pedal 5 is operated, a damper pedal depression signal DP is output, and this signal instructs detune to the musical tone synthesis circuit 15 (15L, 15R, 15f) described later and also functions to control the envelope shape. have. The damper pedal 5 outputs 0 to 7 data (3 bits) according to the degree of depression. Further, on the operation panel of the electronic keyboard instrument, a tone color changeover switch 14 and a vibrato instruction operation element 16 are provided. The output signals TS and LF of these switches and operators are output to a tone synthesis circuit 15 described later.

The electronic keyboard instrument includes a tone synthesis circuit 15.
There are provided a left channel tone synthesis circuit 15L, a right channel tone synthesis circuit 15R, and a fortissimo tone synthesis circuit 15f. The TS, LF, TD, and DP are input to each tone synthesis circuit. And the key code KC
And the key-on signal KON is input. The tone synthesis circuit 15 outputs a predetermined tone waveform to the output accumulator 10 based on these input signals. The accumulator 10 is a time-division tone signal E subjected to envelope processing.
It accumulates the WD (tone signal output from the tone synthesis circuit 15), cancels the time division state, distributes the L / R signal to the corresponding channel, and outputs it as SL and SR. In the accumulation, both the crossfading of the musical tones of the L, R, and ff3 series and the synthesis of the musical tones of the respective time-division channels are performed. The synthesized musical tones SL and SR are output to the effect circuits 11 (111, 11r) for both the left and right channels. The effect circuit 11 is a circuit for imparting an effect such as reverb to a musical sound according to the damper pedal depression signal DP. Adjusts the reverb attenuation ratio according to the depressed state of the damper pedal. The above operation is performed as a digital signal process (a signal which is not interpolated). The sound system 12 (12l, 12r) performs D / A conversion of an input musical sound signal, amplification of an analog-converted signal, and the like. The gain at the time of amplification is set by a volume or the like (not shown). The tone signal amplified by the sound system 12 is output as sound from the speakers 13 (131, 13r).

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the tone synthesis circuit 15. This figure shows one circuit configuration of three tone synthesis circuits 15L, 15R and 15f. The circuit configuration of the other tone synthesis circuits is the same. The tone structure circuit includes a frequency number generating circuit 151, a detune table 152, an LFO 153, and an accumulator 15.
4, a waveform memory 155, a waveform selection circuit 156, a filter 157, a multiplication circuit 158, and an envelope signal generation circuit 159. The key code KC input from the key press detection tone generation allocating circuit 3 is
1 and input to the detune table 152. The frequency number generation circuit 151 receives the input key code KC
Is decoded to synthesize an address, and a corresponding frequency number (F number) is output from the ROM in the frequency number generation circuit according to the address. This F number determines the change speed of the waveform memory read address signal described later.
The detune table 152 is also used as the frequency number generation circuit 15.
1, and outputs a detune signal (a minute frequency correction signal) to the circuit based on the damper pedal press signal DP. This detune table 15
In 2, the presence or absence of a signal output is determined depending on whether or not the damper pedal is depressed, without considering the degree of depression. The LFO 153 is a circuit that outputs a low frequency signal for modulating the F number. By modulating the F number, effects such as vibrato and tremolo can be produced on a musical tone generated by modulating the F number. In this embodiment, LFO modulation is applied only to the L channel and the R channel, and LFO modulation is not applied to the ff channel. That is, the tone synthesis circuit 1 shown in FIG.
5f has a configuration without this LFO 153.
The LFO 153 operates independently for each time-division channel, and the initial phase is set to L = 0 ° and R = 90 ° at the rise of KON in each time-division channel, and the phase is adjusted according to the cycle of the LFO. It rotates. However, when the output LF of the vibrato instruction operator 16 is LF = 0, L = 0 ° and R = 0 ° are set. This is to match the phases of both LR systems when no effect is applied.

The accumulator 154 receives the F number corrected by the detune signal and the LFO effect signal for each time division channel as described above, accumulates the F number for each time division channel, and accesses the waveform memory 155. Has the function of calculating the address signal AD. The waveform memory 155 digitally stores the instantaneous value at each sampling timing from the rise of the musical tone waveform to its disappearance, and the musical tone waveform is formed by sequentially reading the instantaneous value based on the address signal AD. You can The pitch of the musical tone formed can be changed by changing the reading speed.

Further, in order to better express the characteristics of a natural musical instrument whose timbre changes subtly depending on the pitch, musical tones of a plurality of pitches are sampled, and these sampled data are matched with the pitch to be generated. Mixed (crossfade)
To form musical tones. Further, in the case of an electronic musical instrument capable of generating the timbres of a plurality of musical instruments, the electronic musical instrument has a set of sampling waveforms corresponding to those timbres.

The waveform memory 155 has a bank selection signal W
A waveform selection circuit 156 that outputs S is connected. The key code KC and the tone color switching signal T
S and the touch detection signal TD are input, and a waveform to be read is determined in accordance with these data. That is, in order to better express the characteristics of a natural musical instrument in which the timbre changes subtly depending on the pitch, the waveform memory 155 samples and stores musical tones of a plurality of pitches. The data is mixed (cross-fade). Further, the waveform memory 155 stores a waveform for each tone color that can be designated by the tone color switch 14, and the waveform selection circuit 156 switches to the corresponding tone color bank based on the tone color switching signal TS. Bank selection signal WS for outputting bank selection signal WS
Is a signal indicating the head address of a certain waveform signal, and starting from this address, reading the memory in accordance with the AD output from the accumulator results in the formation of the specified tone waveform.

The filter 157 is, for example, a low pass filter (LPF). A natural musical instrument is characterized in that the lower the pronunciation level, the lower the number of higher harmonics, and the higher the pronunciation, the higher the proportion of higher harmonics. In order to simulate this in an electronic musical instrument, a filter for cutting high frequencies based on the touch data TD of the keyboard 1 is inserted here. Therefore, this filter is an active filter whose passing characteristic changes based on TD. The multiplier 158 is a circuit that adds an envelope signal ED to the waveform data WD that has passed through the filter 157. The envelope signal ED is formed by an envelope signal generation circuit 159. This circuit outputs an envelope signal ED for each channel in a time sharing manner in accordance with the key code KC, the key-on signal KON, the touch data TD and the damper pedal depression signal DP. The envelope signal generally consists of an attack portion immediately after key-on, a decay portion of a sustained sound that gradually decreases, and a release portion when the key is turned off without depressing the damper pedal.
These waveforms are generated according to the timing from the key-off. Also, when the damper pedal is depressed during key-on, the circuit 159 generates the same envelope signal as during key-on even when the damper pedal is depressed even if the key is depressed, and when the damper pedal is depressed. When released, an envelope signal for the release section is generated. The envelope-shaped waveform signal EWD is output from the multiplication circuit and input to the accumulator 10.

When the damper pedal 5 is depressed on the electronic keyboard instrument, the tone being produced continues to be produced even if the key is turned off, and the frequency (pitch) is slightly shifted so that the tone can be expanded.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention. This electronic keyboard instrument is shown in FIG.
Is provided with three tone synthesis circuits and processes three channels of L channel, R channel and f channel in parallel. On the other hand, each of the three sound channels (16 × 3) Are all serially processed in a time-sharing manner. In the configuration of the electronic keyboard instrument shown in FIG. 1, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The address signal generation circuit 4 outputs an address signal AD in a time sharing manner in accordance with KC, KON and a damper pedal depression signal DP. Here, in this embodiment, to generate three waveforms of L, R, and ff for each key, three addresses must be output. Therefore, the address signal AD is output to each of L, R, and ff by further dividing the time division timing of the key code (timing for each of 16 sounding channels) into three. That is, three addresses are output in a time division manner for one key code. In addition, in order to perform detuning between the L, R, and ff series according to the depression of the damper pedal, L, R
The pitch of the R channel is shifted higher or lower in accordance with the amount of depression of the damper pedal.
In addition, as described above, the detune amount changes according to the set tone color. A specific circuit configuration may be a system using a detune table as shown in FIG. 2 or a system in which the stepping speed of the address signal AD is slightly shifted for each system as shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-6796. Good. The address signal generating circuit 4 receives the DP signal from the damper pedal 5 and the key code KC and the key-on signal KO from the key press detection / sound assignment circuit 3.
N has been entered. The address signal generation circuit 4 outputs an address signal AD, which is input to the waveform memory 6. The waveform memory 6 has the same configuration as the waveform memory 155 shown in FIG. 2, and the waveform selection circuit 7 is a circuit for inputting the bank switching signal WS to the waveform memory 6, and is similar to the waveform selection circuit 156 shown in FIG. It has a configuration. However, the waveform memory 6 and the waveform selection circuit 7
Has a function of sequentially processing the three-channel waveforms L, R, and ff in a time-division manner, and operates based on a clock signal in synchronization with the address signal generation circuit 4 and the like. Multiplier 8 controls the envelope of the waveform. Here, the control of the degree of mixing of each stream is also performed in the form of the amplitude of the envelope. In the present embodiment, a natural connection in the touch direction is realized by cross-fading the L and R signals obtained by sampling a sound of about mesoforte and the f signal sampled by the fortissimo according to the touch. The envelope signal generation circuit 9 is a circuit that changes and outputs the envelope signal ED in a time division manner in accordance with the key code KC, the key-on signal KON, the touch data TD, and the damper pedal depression signal DP. The accumulator 10 has a function of accumulating the time-divisional tone signal EWD subjected to the envelope processing, releasing the time-division state to generate the L signal and the R signal, and distributing them to the corresponding channels.

FIG. 4 shows a time division operation state of this embodiment. Three timings L, R, and ff of the AD signal correspond to one key code. The signal A1 is a timing at which a stereo signal of the time division channel obtained by calculating (cross-fading) the waveform values of the L and R systems and the waveform value of the ff system in each time division channel is obtained. At this timing (A1), AD and A1 are separated by one key code cycle because calculation cannot be performed unless the L, R, and ff signals are taken into the accumulator 10. The signals SL and SR can be obtained by adding the L and R signals of all time division channels obtained at the timing of A1.

In this embodiment, a circuit configuration using hardware is mainly described. However, a configuration using software in which a CPU performs data input from a keyboard or the like and data output for synthesizing a musical tone can also be used. . Further, not only detraining of each series is performed by the damper pedal, but detuning may be performed by another operator. Further, in this embodiment, the fortissimo signal is performed by monaural sampling, but the fortissimo waveform may be independently provided for each of L and R. Further, in this embodiment, the fortissimo signal is sampled in addition to the normal musical sound (mesoforte), but the pianissimo signal may also be sampled and crossfades may be applied according to the strength of the touch. Further, in this embodiment, the DP signal is configured to have a 3-bit value of 0 to 7 according to the depression amount of the damper pedal 5, but the detune amount is also changed according to this signal. Is also good. Further, the LFO for adding the vibrato or tremolo effect is added only to the L and R channels, but may be added to the ff channel. Further, in this embodiment, the LFO is always operating, and addition of effects such as vibrato and tremolo is started from the phase of the LFO when the sound generation is started. It is also possible to make it constant over the sound generation channel (sound generation timing).

When a plurality of timbres are supported by a sound source capable of simultaneously producing sounds, a specific timbre may not be affected by the damper pedal.

[0026]

As described above, according to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, it is possible to produce a musical tone with a shifted pitch even after key-off by operating a damper operator such as a damper pedal. You can simulate a wide and unique sound as if you stepped on the damper pedal of a piano. Also, since the detune amount is changed according to the set tone, for example,
It has the effect of reproducing the resonance of natural instruments more faithfully, such as the resonance of a grand piano and the resonance of an upright piano.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a tone synthesis circuit of the electronic keyboard instrument. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing time-division timing of an electronic keyboard instrument according to another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5-damper pedal, 15 (15L, 15R, 15f)-tone synthesis circuit 152-detune table.

Claims (2)

[Claims] A musical tone generating means for instructing generation and stop of generation of a musical tone; a musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone in accordance with an instruction of said musical tone generating instruction means; An electronic musical instrument comprising: a damper operator that, when instructed to stop generating sound by the musical sound generation instructing means, maintains the sound of the generated musical sound, and silences the sound when released from being depressed; Means for selecting a tone color of a tone generated by the means, and the tone generating means generates a tone of the tone selected by the tone color selecting means, and a pitch of a tone generated when the damper operator is operated. An electronic musical instrument having pitch control means for changing the pitch by an amount corresponding to the tone color of the musical tone. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said tone generating means generates a plurality of series of musical tones, and said pitch control means changes the pitch of each series of musical tones.