JP2730549C - - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having a performance operator such as a damper pedal. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, electronic musical instruments provided with damper operators such as a damper pedal have been put to practical use. If the damper operator is operated during the tone generation of the continuous tone, the tone continues to be emitted at the same tone level even if the tone operation is stopped (key off or breath off). Also,
If the damper operator is operated while the sound of the attenuation system is sounding, the attenuation sound (reverberation) continues even if the sounding operation is stopped. By the way, in the case of a natural musical instrument, for example, a piano, when the dumbbar pedal is turned on, a unique sound is generated in addition to the continuation of the musical tone as described above. This reverberation is caused by turning on the damper pedal, removing not only the sounding string but also the damper of a string that is not sounding (not hit), causing resonance or the like. Conventionally, various proposals have been made to reproduce this sound with an electronic musical instrument. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 64-91193 discloses that when a dambar pedal is turned on, a normal tone (a tone generated when the damper pedal is turned off) is mixed with a resonance tone formed based on the tone. It has been proposed to reproduce the above-mentioned sound by pronouncing the sound. [0005] However, in the above-described method, a resonance tone is formed based on a normal tone generated by the tone synthesizer, and the resonance tone is mixed with the normal tone to generate a sound. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that it is not possible to form a complicated and varied musical tone. On the other hand, there was a musical instrument in which the pitch of the musical tone was changed in accordance with the operation of the pedal operator, but the pitch deviation was set arbitrarily by the player, so that it was not easy to imitate a natural musical instrument. . The present invention changes the pitch of the musical tone itself generated by the musical tone generating means when a damper manipulator such as a dambar pedal is operated, and changes the pitch in accordance with the tone color. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electronic musical instrument capable of selectively generating a more faithful musical tone for each of a plurality of natural musical instruments. [0007] The invention according to claim 1 of the present application is a musical sound generation instruction means for instructing generation and stop of generation of a musical sound, and generates a musical sound in accordance with an instruction of the musical sound generation instruction means. A tone generating means, which is capable of being depressed, maintains a tone generated when a tone stop is instructed by the tone generation instructing means while being depressed, and emits the tone when the step is released An electronic musical instrument provided with a damper operator for silencing a tone, comprising: tone selection means for selecting a tone color of a tone generated by the tone generation means, wherein the tone generation means comprises a tone tone selected by the tone color selection means. Is generated, and when the damper operator is operated, the pitch of a musical tone generated in accordance with the operation is changed, and the pitch of the musical tone is changed by an amount corresponding to the tone color of the musical tone. Characterized in that it has a further pitch control means. The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is characterized in that the musical tone generating means generates a plurality of series of musical tones, and the pitch control means changes the pitch of each series of musical tones. . In the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, when the dambar operator is operated, the musical sound generating means can generate a slight pitch shift in the musical sound to be generated, thereby effectively expanding the musical sound. Since the pitch shift differs depending on the selected tone color, for example, resonance of a grand piano or resonance of an upright piano when a damper operator is operated can be selectively imitated. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. This electronic keyboard instrument is a so-called electronic piano-type electronic keyboard instrument.
The tone synthesis method is a waveform memory reading method. The waveform memory reading method is a method in which a sampled tone waveform is digitized and written in a ROM, and when a key is turned on, this data is read based on a tempo clock corresponding to the pitch of the key. This electronic musical instrument has a left-hand (L) and right-hand (R) two-channel stereo-sampled waveform memory, and can produce stereo sound. Further, the electronic musical instrument has a waveform memory of a montisically sampled fortissimo (ff) waveform, and crossfade the left and right channels with the fortissimo waveform in response to a key-on touch. This electronic musical instrument can generate 16 sounds at the same time, and each of the L, R, and ff channels has 16 time-division channels synchronized with a clock in order to form these 16 sounds independently. In addition, it has a damper pedal like the piano of a natural musical instrument, and performs an operation (detune) to slightly tune the above three series of musical sounds in accordance with the degree of depression of the pedal, and performs the operation of the musical sound when the damper pedal is depressed. I try to give a unique feeling of spread. In addition, it has a function to add effects that are not found in natural musical instruments such as tremolo and vibrato. When these functions are specified, LF
These effects are provided by modulating the F number for each time division channel by O (low frequency oscillator). In the block diagram of FIG. 1, the keyboard 1 has 88 keys, and each key is configured to detect at least an initial touch as well as key-on / key-off. As a mechanism for detecting an initial touch, for example, a mechanism for providing two switches having different ON depths and detecting a key pressing speed based on a time difference between ON times of these switches may be considered. Various other methods have already been proposed, but any method may be used as long as it can detect the speed and pressure of key depression. The keyboard 1 is connected to a touch detection circuit 2 and a key press detection sound generation assignment circuit 3.
The touch detection circuit 2 is a circuit that detects an initial touch signal TD of a turned-on key and outputs the signal in synchronization with time-division timing. The key press detection sounding assignment circuit 3
The key currently pressed is determined by constantly scanning each key of the keyboard 1. When the key press detection tone generation allocating circuit 3 detects a new key press, a time division channel for generating a tone of the key code KC corresponding to the turned on key is allocated.
The sound assignment is performed as an operation of outputting the key code KC and the key-on signal KON at the timing of the corresponding time-division channel. The timing at which the above-mentioned TD is output is also synchronized with this. The damper pedal 5 is provided at the leg of the electronic keyboard instrument and at the foot of the player.
When the player is operating the keyboard 1 with his / her hand, the keyboard 1 is operated by stepping on the foot (usually the right foot). When the damper pedal 5 is operated, the damper pedal depression signal DP
This signal is output to a tone synthesis circuit 15 (15L, 15R, 15f) described later.
Has a function of controlling the envelope shape, etc. The damper pedal 5 outputs 0 to 7 data (3 bits) according to the degree of depression. Further, on the operation panel of the electronic keyboard instrument, a tone color changeover switch 14 and a vibrato instruction operation element 16 are provided. The output signals TS and LF of these switches and operators are output to a tone synthesis circuit 15 described later. This electronic keyboard instrument is provided with three tone synthesis circuits 15, a left channel tone synthesis circuit 15 L, a right channel tone synthesis circuit 15 R, and a fortissimo tone synthesis circuit 15 f. The circuit receives the TS, LF and TD, DP, and receives the key code K
C and a key-on signal KON are input. The tone synthesis circuit 15 outputs a predetermined tone waveform to the output accumulator 10 based on these input signals. The accumulator 10 is a time-division tone signal EWD subjected to envelope processing.
(Tone signal output from the tone synthesis circuit 15) is accumulated, the time division state is released, the L / R signal is distributed to the corresponding channel, and output as SL and SR. In the accumulation, both the cross-fade of the L, R, and ff3 musical tones and the synthesis of the musical tones of each time-division channel are performed. The synthesized musical tones SL and SR are output to the effect circuits 11 (111, 11r) for both the left and right channels. This effect circuit 1
Reference numeral 1 denotes a circuit for giving an effect such as reverb to a musical tone in accordance with a damper pedal depression signal DP. Adjusts the reverb attenuation ratio according to the depressed state of the damper pedal. The above operation is performed as digital signal processing (signal not interpolated). The sound system 12 (12l, 12r) performs D / A conversion of an input musical sound signal, amplification of an analog-converted signal, and the like. The gain at the time of amplification is set by a volume or the like (not shown). The tone signal amplified by the sound system 12 is output as sound from the speakers 13 (131, 13r). FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the tone synthesis circuit 15. This figure shows 15L, 15R
, 15f of one of the three tone synthesis circuits provided. The circuit configuration of the other tone synthesis circuits is the same. The tone configuration circuit includes a frequency number generation circuit 151, a detune table 152, an LFO 153, an accumulator 154, a waveform memory 155, a waveform selection circuit 156, a filter 157, and a multiplication circuit 1.
58 and an envelope signal generating circuit 159. The key code KC input from the key press detection sounding assignment circuit 3 is input to the frequency number generation circuit 151 and the detune table 152. The frequency number generating circuit 151 decodes the input key code KC and synthesizes an address, and uses the address to read out the corresponding frequency number (F) from the ROM in the frequency number generating circuit.
Number) is output. This F number determines the change speed of the waveform memory read address signal described later. The detune table 152 also has a frequency number generation circuit 151.
And outputs a detune signal (a minute frequency correction signal) to the circuit based on the damper pedal press signal DP. This detune table 1
At 52, the presence or absence of a signal output is determined depending on whether or not the damper pedal is depressed, without considering the degree of depression. The LFO 153 is a circuit that outputs a low-frequency signal for modulating the F number. By modulating the F number, it is possible to produce an effect such as vibrato or tremolo on a musical tone to be generated. In this embodiment, the LFO modulation is applied only to the L channel and the R channel, and the LFO modulation is not applied to the ff channel. That is, the tone synthesis circuit 15f in FIG. 1 does not have the LFO 153. The LFO 153 operates independently for each time-division channel, and the initial phase is set to L = 0 ° and R = 90 ° at the rise of KON in each time-division channel, and the phase is set in accordance with the LFO cycle. Rotates. However, when the output LF of the vibrato instruction operator 16 is LF = 0, L = 0 ° and R = 0 ° are set. This is to match the phases of both LR systems when no effect is applied. The accumulator 154 receives the F number corrected by the detune signal and the LFO effect signal for each time division channel as described above, accumulates the F number for each time division channel, and accesses the waveform memory 155. To calculate an address signal AD for performing the operation. The waveform memory 155 digitally stores instantaneous values at each sampling timing from the rise to the disappearance of the musical tone waveform. The instantaneous values are sequentially read out based on the address signal AD to form the musical tone waveform. Can be. By changing the reading speed, the pitch of the musical tone formed can be changed. In order to better express the characteristics of a natural musical instrument whose timbre changes subtly depending on the pitch, musical tones of a plurality of pitches are sampled, and these sampled data are matched to the pitch to be generated. Mixing (crossfade) is performed to form a musical tone. Further, in the case of an electronic musical instrument capable of producing the timbres of a plurality of musical instruments, the electronic musical instrument has a set of sampling waveforms corresponding to those timbres. The waveform memory 155 is connected to a waveform selection circuit 156 that outputs a bank selection signal WS. The waveform selection circuit 156 has a key code KC, a tone color switching signal TS,
The touch detection signal TD is input, and a waveform to be read is determined in accordance with the data. That is, in order to better express the characteristics of a natural musical instrument whose timbre changes subtly depending on the pitch, the waveform memory 155 samples and stores musical tones of a plurality of pitches. The sampling data is mixed (cross-fade). The waveform memory 155 stores a waveform for each tone color that can be specified by the tone color changeover switch 14.
56 switches to the corresponding tone color bank based on the tone color switching signal TS. The bank selection signal WS that outputs the bank selection signal WS is a signal indicating the head address of a certain waveform signal. Starting from this address, the memory tone is read in accordance with the AD output by the accumulator, and the specified musical tone waveform is obtained. Will be formed. The filter 157 is, for example, a low-pass filter (LPF). Natural musical instruments are characterized in that the lower the sounding level, the lower the number of higher harmonics, and the higher the sounding, the higher the proportion of higher harmonics. In order to simulate this in an electronic musical instrument, a filter that cuts high frequencies based on the touch data TD of the keyboard 1 is inserted here. Therefore, this filter is an active filter whose passing characteristic changes based on TD. The multiplier 158 is a circuit that adds an envelope signal ED to the waveform data WD that has passed through the filter 157. The envelope signal ED is formed by an envelope signal generation circuit 159. This circuit outputs an envelope signal ED for each channel in a time sharing manner in accordance with the key code KC, the key-on signal KON, the touch data TD, and the damper pedal depression signal DP. The envelope signal is
Generally, it consists of an attack part immediately after key-on, a decay part of a sustained sound that gradually decays, and a release part when the key is turned off without depressing the damper pedal.These waveforms depend on the timing from key-on and key-off. Is generated.
Also, when the damper pedal is depressed during key-on, the circuit 159 generates the same envelope signal as during key-on even when the damper pedal is depressed even if the key is depressed, and when the damper pedal is depressed. When released, an envelope signal for the release section is generated. The envelope-shaped waveform signal EWD is output from the multiplication circuit and input to the accumulator 10. When the damper pedal 5 is depressed on the electronic keyboard instrument, the tone being produced continues to be produced even when the key is turned off, and the frequency (pitch) is slightly shifted so that the tone can be expanded. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this electronic keyboard instrument, the electronic keyboard instrument shown in FIG. 1 has three tone synthesis circuits and processes three channels of L channel, R channel and f channel in parallel. The difference is that all the sound channels (16 × 3) are serially processed in a time-division manner. In the configuration of the electronic keyboard instrument shown in FIG. 1, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. The address signal generation circuit 4 outputs an address signal AD in a time division manner in accordance with KC, KON and a damper pedal depression signal DP. Here, in this embodiment,
For each key, three addresses must be output to generate three waveforms, L, R, and ff. Accordingly, the address signal AD is obtained by further dividing the time division timing of the key code (timing for each of the 16 sounding channels) into L, R, ff.
Output for each. That is, three addresses are output in a time division manner for one key code. Also, depending on the depression of the damper pedal, L, R,
In order to perform detuning between the ff series, the pitch of the L and R channels is shifted higher or lower according to the amount of depression of the damper pedal. Further, as described above, the detune amount changes according to the set tone color. As a specific circuit configuration, a system using a detune table as shown in FIG. 2 may be used, and an address signal A as shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-6796 may be used.
A method in which the stepping speed of D is slightly shifted for each series may be used. The address signal generating circuit 4 receives the DP signal from the damper pedal 5 and the key code KC and the key-on signal KON from the key press detection / sound assignment circuit 3. The address signal generation circuit 4 outputs an address signal AD, and the address signal AD is input to the waveform memory 6. The waveform memory 6 has the same configuration as the waveform memory 155 shown in FIG. 2, and the waveform selection circuit 7 is a circuit for inputting the bank switching signal WS to the waveform memory 6, and is similar to the waveform selection circuit 156 shown in FIG. It has a configuration. However, the waveform memory 6 and the waveform selection circuit 7 have a function of sequentially processing the three-channel waveforms of L, R, and ff in a time-division manner, and the clock is synchronized with the address signal generation circuit 4 and the like. Operate based on signals. Multiplier 8 controls the envelope of the waveform. Here, the control of the degree of mixing of each stream is also performed in the form of the amplitude of the envelope. In the present embodiment, a natural connection in the touch direction is realized by cross-fading the L and R signals obtained by sampling a sound of about mesoforte and the f signal sampled by the fortissimo according to a touch. Envelope signal generation circuit 9 uses key code K
C, key-on signal KON, touch data TD, and damper pedal depression signal DP
Is a circuit that changes and outputs the envelope signal BD in a time-sharing manner in accordance with. The accumulator 10 has a function of accumulating the time-division musical tone signal EWD subjected to the envelope processing, releasing the time-division state, generating an L signal and an R signal, and distributing the signals to the corresponding channels. FIG. 4 shows a time-sharing operation state of this embodiment. Three timings L, R, and ff of the AD signal correspond to one key code. The signal A1 calculates the waveform values of the L and R systems and the waveform value of the ff system in each time-division channel (cross-fade).
This is the timing at which a stereo signal of the time-shared channel is obtained. The timing (A1) is different between AD and A1 by one key code cycle because of L,
This is because the calculation cannot be performed unless the R and ff signals are taken into the accumulator 10. The signals SL and SR can be obtained by adding the L and R signals of all time division channels obtained at the timing of A1. In this embodiment, a circuit configuration using hardware has been mainly described. However, data input from a keyboard or the like and output of data for synthesizing a musical tone are performed by a CP.
A configuration by software performed by U is also possible. Further, in addition to performing detune of each series by the damper pedal, detune may be performed by another operator. Further, in this embodiment, the fortissimo signal is performed by monaural sampling. However, the fortissimo waveform may be independently provided for each of L and R. In this embodiment, a fortissimo signal is sampled in addition to a normal tone (mesoforte), but a pianissimo signal may also be sampled and a crossfade may be applied according to the strength of the touch. In this embodiment, the DP signal is set to 0 according to the amount of depression of the damper pedal 5.
Although it is configured to have a 3-bit value of up to 7, the amount of detune may be changed according to this signal. Further, the LFO for adding the vibrato or tremolo effect is added only to the L and R channels, but may be added to the ff channel. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the LFO is constantly operating, and the addition of effects such as vibrato and tremolo is started from the phase of the LFO when sound generation is started.
It is also possible to make the initial phase of the FO constant over all sounding channels (sounding timing). In the case of supporting a sound source capable of simultaneously producing a plurality of timbres, a configuration may be employed in which a specific timbre is not affected by the damper pedal. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, by operating the damper operator such as the damper pedal, it is possible to generate a musical tone with a shifted pitch even after key-off. For example, it is possible to simulate a spacious and unique sound such as when a damper pedal of a natural musical instrument piano is depressed. In addition, since the detune amount is changed according to the set tone, the resonance of a natural musical instrument can be reproduced more faithfully, for example, the resonance of a grand piano and the resonance of an upright piano can be imitated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a tone synthesis circuit of the electronic keyboard instrument. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing time-division timings of an electronic keyboard instrument according to another embodiment. [Description of Signs] 5 damper pedal, 15 (15L, 15R, 15f) tone synthesis circuit, 152 detune table.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A musical sound generation instruction means for instructing generation and stop of a musical sound, a musical sound generation means for generating a musical sound in accordance with an instruction of the musical sound generation instruction means, and An electronic musical instrument having a damper operator for maintaining the sounding of the generated tone when the generation stop instruction is issued from the musical sound generation instructing means while the sound is being generated, and for silencing the sound when the stepping is released. In the above, there is provided a tone selection means for selecting a tone color of a tone generated by the tone generation means, wherein the tone generation means generates a tone of a tone selected by the tone color selection means, and the damper operator is operated. And a pitch control means for changing a pitch of a tone generated in response to the operation and changing the pitch of the tone by an amount corresponding to the tone color of the tone. Electronic musical instrument to be. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said tone generating means generates a plurality of series of musical tones, and said pitch control means changes the pitch of each series of musical tones.