JPH09120811A - Sealed storage battery - Google Patents

Sealed storage battery

Info

Publication number
JPH09120811A
JPH09120811A JP7275468A JP27546895A JPH09120811A JP H09120811 A JPH09120811 A JP H09120811A JP 7275468 A JP7275468 A JP 7275468A JP 27546895 A JP27546895 A JP 27546895A JP H09120811 A JPH09120811 A JP H09120811A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
safety valve
battery
valve
storage battery
opened
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP7275468A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3667835B2 (en
Inventor
Takashi Yonemura
敬 米村
Yukinobu Yao
幸伸 八尾
Tetsunori Matsuoka
哲則 松岡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP27546895A priority Critical patent/JP3667835B2/en
Publication of JPH09120811A publication Critical patent/JPH09120811A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3667835B2 publication Critical patent/JP3667835B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent breakage of a battery case by a first safety valve, and a second safety valve which easily and securely actuates. SOLUTION: A safety valve 6 installed on a sealed storage battery is provided with a first safety valve 6A capable of self-restoring, and a second safety valve 6B without self-restoring composed of a circularly formed slit 8 except for a hinge part 10, and thermoplastic resin 9 gas-tightly closing the slit 8. Valve opening pressure of the second safety valve 6B is set to be higher than that of the first safety valve 6A, and lower than pressure to break a seal part of a battery case 14, so the second safety valve 6B is opened by breakage of the thermoplastic resin 9 to bend a part of it surrounded by the slit 8 at the hinge part 10.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電池内圧や温度が
異常に上昇したときに開弁して、電池の破損を防止する
安全弁を内蔵する密閉型蓄電池に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sealed storage battery having a built-in safety valve that opens when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery rises abnormally to prevent damage to the battery.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】アルカリ蓄電池等の従来の密閉型蓄電池
は、安全弁を内蔵している。安全弁は、電池内部にガス
が発生して、内部の圧力が上昇したときに開弁されて、
電池内部のガスを電池ケースの外に放出して、電池ケー
スが破裂するのを防止する。安全弁を設けていない電池
ケースは、内圧が異常に上昇したときに、外装缶の開口
部を気密に閉塞している封口部が破損する。封口部の強
度が他の部分よりも弱いからである。高圧の気体に押さ
れて電池ケースが破損すると、その衝撃は液体に押圧さ
れるのに比較して相当に大きくなる。液体は圧縮性がな
いので、極微量を排出して圧力を急激に低下できるが、
気体は圧縮性があるので、微量を排出しても直ちに圧力
が低下せず、封口部に連続して高い圧力が作用して破損
させるからである。2. Description of the Related Art Conventional sealed storage batteries such as alkaline storage batteries have a built-in safety valve. The safety valve is opened when gas is generated inside the battery and the internal pressure rises,
The gas inside the battery is released to the outside of the battery case to prevent the battery case from bursting. In a battery case without a safety valve, when the internal pressure rises abnormally, the sealing portion that hermetically closes the opening of the outer can is damaged. This is because the sealing portion is weaker in strength than the other portions. When the battery case is damaged by being pressed by high-pressure gas, the impact is considerably larger than that of being pressed by the liquid. Since liquid is not compressible, it is possible to discharge a very small amount and sharply reduce the pressure.
Since the gas has compressibility, the pressure does not immediately drop even if a trace amount is discharged, and high pressure continuously acts on the sealing portion to damage it.

【０００３】密閉型の蓄電池は、使用環境によって一時
的に内圧が上昇することがある。たとえば、大電流で放
電したり、あるいは過充電したりすると電池ケースの内
部でガスが発生して、電池内圧が上昇することがある。
このとき、安全弁を開弁してガスを排出する。電池内圧
が正常な値に低下すると、安全弁は閉弁する。安全弁が
閉弁すると、密閉型蓄電池は再使用できる状態となる。
安全弁が開弁したときに、少量のガスが排出されて、電
池性能は多少低下するが、再使用できる状態に復元す
る。密閉型の二次電池は、充電して、繰り返し使用可能
であることから、安全弁の作動後においても自己復帰さ
せて使用可能な構造としている。The internal pressure of a sealed type storage battery may temporarily rise depending on the use environment. For example, when the battery is discharged with a large current or overcharged, gas is generated inside the battery case, and the internal pressure of the battery may increase.
At this time, the safety valve is opened to discharge the gas. When the battery internal pressure drops to a normal value, the safety valve closes. When the safety valve is closed, the sealed storage battery is ready for reuse.
When the safety valve is opened, a small amount of gas is discharged, and the battery performance is slightly reduced, but is restored to a state where it can be reused. Since the sealed secondary battery can be charged and repeatedly used, it has a structure in which it can be self-reset and used even after the safety valve is activated.

【０００４】自己復帰する安全弁を内蔵する従来の密閉
型蓄電池の断面構造を図１に示す。この図の密閉型蓄電
池は、電池ケース１４の内部に電極体１１を内蔵してい
る。電極体１１を定位置に配設するために、電極体の上
にはスペーサー１５を配設している。電池ケース１４の
封口蓋３には、安全弁６を設けている。安全弁６は、電
池内圧が上昇すると開弁し、内圧が低下すると閉弁でき
るように、弾性を有するバネ１と弁体２を封口蓋３に設
けている。バネ１は弁体２を、封口蓋３の封口板３Ａに
開口された弁孔４の上面に弾性的に押圧している。バネ
１が弁体２を弁孔４に押圧して、安全弁６は閉弁状態と
なる。この構造の密閉型蓄電池は、電池内圧が上昇する
と、弁体２が押し上げられて、弁孔４が開口される。弁
孔４が開口されると、電池内のガスは、弁孔４を通過し
て、電極キャップ３Ｂに開口されたガス抜孔５を通過し
て、電池の外に排出される。電池内圧が低下すると、バ
ネ１が弁体２を弁孔４に押し付けて閉塞し、安全弁６を
閉弁する。この図の密閉型蓄電池は、バネ１で弁体２を
押圧しているが、バネに代わってゴムで弁体を押圧する
こともできる。またゴムは弁体を使用することなく、直
接に弁孔を閉塞する構造とすることもできる。FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a conventional sealed type storage battery having a built-in self-returning safety valve. The sealed storage battery shown in this figure has an electrode body 11 built in a battery case 14. In order to arrange the electrode body 11 at a fixed position, a spacer 15 is arranged on the electrode body. A safety valve 6 is provided on the sealing lid 3 of the battery case 14. The safety valve 6 is provided on the sealing lid 3 with a spring 1 and a valve body 2 having elasticity so that the safety valve 6 can be opened when the internal pressure of the battery rises and closed when the internal pressure falls. The spring 1 elastically presses the valve body 2 against the upper surface of the valve hole 4 opened in the sealing plate 3A of the sealing lid 3. The spring 1 presses the valve body 2 against the valve hole 4, and the safety valve 6 is closed. In the sealed storage battery having this structure, when the battery internal pressure rises, the valve body 2 is pushed up and the valve hole 4 is opened. When the valve hole 4 is opened, the gas in the battery passes through the valve hole 4, passes through the gas vent hole 5 opened in the electrode cap 3B, and is discharged to the outside of the battery. When the internal pressure of the battery decreases, the spring 1 presses the valve body 2 against the valve hole 4 to close it, and the safety valve 6 is closed. In the sealed type storage battery in this figure, the valve body 2 is pressed by the spring 1, but the valve body can be pressed by rubber instead of the spring. Further, the rubber may have a structure that directly closes the valve hole without using the valve body.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】図１に示すように、自
己復帰する安全弁を内蔵する密閉型蓄電池は、安全弁作
動後に、弾性により弁体が自己復帰してもとの位置に戻
り、電池内部を密閉状態に保持して、電池として使用で
きる特長がある。As shown in FIG. 1, a sealed storage battery having a built-in self-returning safety valve returns to its original position after the safety valve is actuated, even if the valve body self-returns, and the internal battery It has the feature that it can be used as a battery by keeping it sealed.

【０００６】ところが、電池を適正に使用している場合
には問題はないが、適正な状況で使用されず、電池が異
常に温度上昇するような状態に置かれると、電池内部の
スペーサーなどのプラスチックが溶融、硬化して弁孔を
塞ぎ、安全弁が正常に作動しなくなることが考える。ま
た、安全弁にゴムを使用する電池は、前述のような異常
な温度上昇によって、安全弁のゴムが溶融、硬化して弁
孔を閉塞することも考えられる。さらにまた、適正な状
況で使用されない場合には、弁体を押圧するのにバネを
使用する安全弁においても、バネが錆びて弁体を正常に
作動させなくなることも推測できる。このように、安全
弁が正常に作動できなくなると、密閉型蓄電池の内部圧
力が上昇したときに、安全弁を設けていない電池と同様
に、電池の封口部が破壊されて、内部ガスを電池外に放
出することになる。更に電池を異常な方法で使用し、安
全弁のガス排出能力を越えて電池内部の圧力が急激に上
昇すると、電池の封口部が破損することが考えられる。However, there is no problem when the battery is used properly, but when the battery is not used in an appropriate situation and the battery is placed in a state where the temperature rises abnormally, a spacer or the like inside the battery It is considered that the plastic melts and hardens to block the valve hole and the safety valve does not operate normally. Further, in a battery using rubber for the safety valve, it is conceivable that the rubber of the safety valve melts and hardens due to the abnormal temperature rise as described above to close the valve hole. Furthermore, it can be inferred that even in a safety valve in which a spring is used to press the valve element, the spring will rust and the valve element will not operate normally if it is not used in an appropriate situation. In this way, if the safety valve fails to operate normally, when the internal pressure of the sealed storage battery rises, the sealing part of the battery will be destroyed and the internal gas will be discharged to the outside of the battery, like a battery without a safety valve. Will be released. Furthermore, if the battery is used in an abnormal manner and the pressure inside the battery rises rapidly beyond the gas discharge capacity of the safety valve, it is conceivable that the sealing portion of the battery will be damaged.

【０００７】これらの弊害は、機械的に作動する安全弁
の故障を皆無にすれば解消できる。極めて簡単な構造
で、電池内圧が異常に上昇したときに確実に開弁する安
全弁を内蔵する密閉型蓄電池として、下記のものが開発
されている。 外装缶にＣ形に裂けやすい弱み線を設け、電池の内
圧が上昇すると弱み線が破壊されて開弁される安全弁を
備える電池（実開昭６３−６０２７３号公報）。 封口蓋の弁孔を閉塞するように金属薄板を溶着し、
電池の内圧が上昇すると金属薄板を破壊させて安全弁を
開弁する密閉型蓄電池（実開昭５８−１７９７５７号公
報）。 封口蓋の弁孔をダイヤフラムで閉塞し、電池の内圧
が上昇するとダイヤフラムが変形されて切刃で破壊され
安全弁を開弁する密閉型蓄電池（実開平２−７１９６６
号公報）。 外装缶に溝を設けて、この溝を破壊させる密閉型蓄
電池（実開平６−３８１５５号公報、実公平５−４２０
４号公報）。この構造の密閉型蓄電池は、外装缶の内
面、あるいは外面に、安全弁として溝を設けている。外
装缶の溝の部分は破損しやすいので、電池内圧が異常に
高くなったときに、この部分で破損して、ガスを放出で
きる。These adverse effects can be solved by eliminating the mechanical failure of the safety valve. The following has been developed as a sealed storage battery with a very simple structure and a safety valve built-in that reliably opens when the internal pressure of the battery rises abnormally. A battery provided with a C-shaped weakening line on the outer can and having a safety valve that is opened by breaking the weakening line when the internal pressure of the battery rises (Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-60273). Weld a thin metal plate to close the valve hole of the sealing lid,
A sealed type storage battery (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-179757) in which a metal thin plate is destroyed when the internal pressure of the battery rises to open a safety valve. The valve hole of the sealing lid is closed with a diaphragm, and when the internal pressure of the battery rises, the diaphragm is deformed and destroyed by the cutting edge, and the safety valve is opened (actual open battery 2-71966).
No.). A groove is provided in the outer can to destroy the groove (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-38155, Japanese Utility Model Publication 5-420).
No. 4). The sealed storage battery of this structure has a groove as a safety valve on the inner surface or the outer surface of the outer can. Since the groove portion of the outer can is easily damaged, when the internal pressure of the battery becomes abnormally high, the groove can be damaged and the gas can be released.

【０００８】これ等の公報に記載される密閉型蓄電池
は、簡単な構造の安全弁を備えるので、安全弁を確実に
開弁できる特長がある。しかしながら、この構造の密閉
型蓄電池は、安全弁が開弁した後は、電池として使用で
きなくなる欠点がある。安全弁が自己復帰しないからで
ある。このため、この構造の密閉型蓄電池は、電池ケー
スの破裂を有効に阻止できるが、電池を有効利用できな
い欠点がある。本発明者等は、この欠点を解決すること
を目的に、自己復帰する第１安全弁と、自己復帰しない
第２安全弁とを備える密閉型蓄電池を開発した（特願平
７−１７７０４３号）。この密閉型蓄電池は、第１安全
弁の開弁圧を、第２安全弁の開弁圧よりも低く設定し、
さらに、第２安全弁の開弁圧を、封口部が破損する破損
圧力よりも低く設定している。この構造の密閉型蓄電池
は、電池内圧が異常に上昇すると第１安全弁が先に開弁
し、第１安全弁が作動しないときに、さらに電池内圧が
上昇すると、第２安全弁を開弁させて電池内圧の異常な
上昇を防止するものである。The sealed type storage batteries described in these publications have a safety valve having a simple structure, and therefore have a feature that the safety valve can be opened reliably. However, the sealed storage battery having this structure has a drawback that it cannot be used as a battery after the safety valve is opened. This is because the safety valve does not recover itself. Therefore, the sealed storage battery having this structure can effectively prevent the battery case from rupturing, but has a drawback that the battery cannot be effectively used. The present inventors, for the purpose of solving this drawback, have developed a sealed storage battery including a first safety valve that is self-restoring and a second safety valve that is not self-restoring (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-177043). In this sealed storage battery, the valve opening pressure of the first safety valve is set lower than the valve opening pressure of the second safety valve,
Further, the valve opening pressure of the second safety valve is set lower than the breakage pressure at which the sealing portion is broken. In the sealed storage battery having this structure, the first safety valve opens first when the battery internal pressure rises abnormally, and the second safety valve opens when the battery internal pressure further rises when the first safety valve does not operate. This is to prevent an abnormal rise in internal pressure.

【０００９】第２安全弁６Ｂとして、図２の外装缶７の
底面図で示すように、外装缶７の底面に溝を設けてい
る。電池の内圧が異常に高くなったときは、第２安全弁
６Ｂの溝を亀裂させて開弁して内圧の上昇を防止する。
この構造の密閉型蓄電池は、内圧が異常に上昇したとき
に、仮に第１安全弁が開弁しなくても、第２安全弁６Ｂ
の溝が亀裂するので、確実に高圧ガスを排気して、電池
ケース１４の破裂を防止できる。As the second safety valve 6B, as shown in the bottom view of the outer can 7 of FIG. 2, a groove is provided on the bottom of the outer can 7. When the internal pressure of the battery becomes abnormally high, the groove of the second safety valve 6B is cracked and opened to prevent the internal pressure from rising.
The sealed storage battery having this structure has the second safety valve 6B even if the first safety valve does not open when the internal pressure rises abnormally.
Since the groove is cracked, the high pressure gas can be surely exhausted to prevent the battery case 14 from bursting.

【００１０】しかしながら、この構造の第２安全弁は、
外装缶の底面に設ける溝加工に極めて高い精度が要求さ
れる。それは、溝を設けて外装缶を薄く加工する薄肉部
の厚さによって、第２安全弁が開弁する圧力が大幅に変
動するからである。このため、この構造の密閉型蓄電池
は、第２安全弁の加工に高い精度が要求されると共に、
第２安全弁を設定された圧力で正確に開弁させるのが難
しい欠点がある。However, the second safety valve of this structure is
Extremely high precision is required for the groove processing provided on the bottom surface of the outer can. This is because the pressure at which the second safety valve opens greatly changes depending on the thickness of the thin portion where the groove is provided and the outer can is processed thinly. Therefore, the sealed storage battery having this structure requires high accuracy in processing the second safety valve, and
There is a drawback that it is difficult to open the second safety valve accurately at the set pressure.

【００１１】本発明はさらにこの欠点を解決することを
目的に開発されたもので、本発明の重要な目的は、自己
復帰する第１安全弁でもって、電池内圧が上昇した後も
再使用でき、さらに、自己復帰しない第２安全弁でもっ
て、電池ケースの破裂を有効に防止でき、さらにまた、
第２安全弁を簡単な構造として、加工を容易にし、電池
異常時には確実に開弁して安全に使用できる密閉型蓄電
池を提供することにある。The present invention was further developed with the object of resolving this drawback, and an important object of the present invention is to use a first safety valve that self-recovers so that it can be reused after the internal pressure of the battery rises. Further, the second safety valve which does not self-recover can effectively prevent the battery case from rupturing.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a sealed storage battery which has a simple structure as the second safety valve, facilitates processing, and can be reliably opened and used safely when the battery is abnormal.

【００１２】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の密閉型蓄電池
は、前述の目的を達成するために下記の構成を備える。
密閉型蓄電池は、電池ケース１４に安全弁６を設けてい
る。電池ケース１４は、外装缶７と、この外装缶７の開
口部を密閉する封口蓋３からなっている。The sealed type storage battery of the present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above-mentioned object.
The sealed storage battery has a battery case 14 provided with a safety valve 6. The battery case 14 includes an outer can 7 and a sealing lid 3 that seals an opening of the outer can 7.

【００１３】安全弁６は、開弁と閉弁を繰り返しできる
自己復帰可能な第１安全弁６Ａと、ひんじ部１０を残し
て環状に形成されたスリット８及びこのスリット８を気
密に閉塞する熱可塑性樹脂９で構成された自己復帰しな
い第２安全弁６Ｂとを備える。第２安全弁６Ｂの開弁圧
力は、第１安全弁６Ａよりも高くて、電池ケース１４の
封口部が破損する圧力よりも低く設定され、かつ、第２
安全弁６Ｂは、熱可塑性樹脂９が破壊されてスリット８
で囲まれた部分がひんじ部１０で折曲されて開弁するよ
うに構成されている。The safety valve 6 includes a first safety valve 6A capable of self-returning which can be repeatedly opened and closed, a slit 8 formed in an annular shape with the hinge portion 10 left, and a thermoplastic material which hermetically closes the slit 8. A second safety valve 6B made of resin 9 that does not self-recover. The opening pressure of the second safety valve 6B is set higher than that of the first safety valve 6A and lower than the pressure at which the sealing portion of the battery case 14 is damaged, and the second
The safety valve 6B has a slit 8 when the thermoplastic resin 9 is destroyed.
The portion surrounded by is bent at the elbow portion 10 to open the valve.

【００１４】電池が異常な使用状態となって、内圧が上
昇すると、第２安全弁６Ｂよりも先に第１安全弁６Ａが
圧力で開弁される。さらに、異常な状態が進行して、し
かも、第１安全弁６Ａが正常に開弁しないで、内圧と温
度が上昇すると、第２安全弁６Ｂの熱可塑性樹脂９が熱
破壊される。熱可塑性樹脂９が熱破壊されると、熱可塑
性樹脂９はスリット８の対向する側縁を連結できなくな
り、封口蓋３はひんじ部１０で折曲されて、スリット８
の内側で開口されて第２安全弁６Ｂが開弁される。自己
復帰できる構造の第１安全弁６Ａは、圧力で開閉するた
めに、構造が複雑になる。これに対して、熱可塑性樹脂
９を熱で破壊されて開弁される第２安全弁６Ｂは、簡単
な構造で確実に開弁されて、電池内圧と温度の異常な上
昇を確実に阻止する。When the battery becomes abnormally used and the internal pressure rises, the first safety valve 6A is opened by pressure before the second safety valve 6B. Further, when an abnormal state progresses and the first safety valve 6A does not open normally and the internal pressure and temperature rise, the thermoplastic resin 9 of the second safety valve 6B is thermally destroyed. When the thermoplastic resin 9 is thermally destroyed, the thermoplastic resin 9 cannot connect the opposite side edges of the slit 8, and the sealing lid 3 is bent at the hinge portion 10 to cause the slit 8 to move.
And the second safety valve 6B is opened inside. Since the first safety valve 6A having a structure capable of self-returning is opened and closed by pressure, the structure becomes complicated. On the other hand, the second safety valve 6B, which is opened by breaking the thermoplastic resin 9 by heat, is surely opened with a simple structure to surely prevent an abnormal rise in battery internal pressure and temperature.

【００１５】密閉型蓄電池は、異常な状態で使用される
と、電池の内圧が上昇すると共に、温度も上昇する。本
発明の密閉型蓄電池は、自己復帰可能な第１安全弁６Ａ
を圧力で開弁させ、自己復帰できない第２安全弁６Ｂを
熱で開弁させる。電池が異常な状態で使用されるとき、
自己復帰可能な第１安全弁６Ａを第２安全弁６Ｂより先
に開弁して、少々の異常が発生してそれが解消された後
は、電池を再び使用できるようにする。第１安全弁６Ａ
が正常に動作しないとき、あるいは第１安全弁６Ａの排
出能力を超えるガスが発生してさらに圧力が上昇する
と、自己復帰できない第２安全弁６Ｂを開弁させる。第
２安全弁６Ｂは、熱可塑性樹脂９を熱破壊して開弁させ
る構造、いいかえると、第１安全弁６Ａのように機械的
な可動部分を必要とせず、熱可塑性樹脂９を熱で破壊し
て確実に開弁する。このため、第２安全弁６Ｂは温度が
上昇すると電池の封口部を破損することが無く確実に開
弁される。When the sealed storage battery is used in an abnormal state, the internal pressure of the battery rises and the temperature rises. The sealed storage battery of the present invention includes a first safety valve 6A capable of self-recovery.
Is opened by pressure, and the second safety valve 6B, which cannot be self-recovered, is opened by heat. When the battery is used in an abnormal condition,
The self-recoverable first safety valve 6A is opened before the second safety valve 6B so that the battery can be used again after a few abnormalities have occurred and are resolved. First safety valve 6A
Does not operate normally, or when gas exceeding the discharge capacity of the first safety valve 6A is generated and the pressure further rises, the second safety valve 6B that cannot self-recover is opened. The second safety valve 6B has a structure in which the thermoplastic resin 9 is thermally destroyed to open the valve. Be sure to open the valve. For this reason, the second safety valve 6B is reliably opened without damaging the sealing portion of the battery when the temperature rises.

【００１６】[0016]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基
づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明
の技術思想を具体化するための密閉型蓄電池を例示する
ものであって、本発明は密閉型蓄電池を下記のものに特
定しない。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below illustrate a sealed storage battery for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the sealed storage battery as follows.

【００１７】さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を
理解し易いように、実施の形態に示される部材に対応す
る番号を、「特許請求の範囲の欄」、および「課題を解
決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記してい
る。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施の形
態の部材に特定するものでは決してない。Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as "the claims column" and "to solve the problems. It is added to the members shown in the column of "means". However, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.

【００１８】図３に示す密閉型蓄電池は、円筒状のニッ
ケル−カドミウム電池で、外装缶７に、電極体１１と電
解液（図示せず）を充填している。電池ケースは外装缶
７の開口部を、封口蓋３で気密に閉塞している。図に示
す密閉型蓄電池はニッケル−カドミウム電池であるが、
本発明は電池をニッケル−カドミウム電池に特定しな
い。密閉型蓄電池は、たとえば、ニッケル−水素電池や
リチウムイオン二次電池等とすることもできる。ニッケ
ル−カドミウム電池である密閉型蓄電池は、電極体の−
極を外装缶７に接続し、＋極を封口蓋３に電気接続して
いる。The sealed storage battery shown in FIG. 3 is a cylindrical nickel-cadmium battery, and the outer can 7 is filled with an electrode body 11 and an electrolytic solution (not shown). In the battery case, the opening of the outer can 7 is airtightly closed by the sealing lid 3. The sealed storage battery shown in the figure is a nickel-cadmium battery,
The present invention does not specify the battery as a nickel-cadmium battery. The sealed storage battery may be, for example, a nickel-metal hydride battery or a lithium ion secondary battery. The sealed storage battery, which is a nickel-cadmium battery, has a
The pole is connected to the outer can 7, and the + pole is electrically connected to the sealing lid 3.

【００１９】外装缶７は、有底円筒状に成形されてい
る。この外装缶７は、開口部に封口蓋３をかしめて固定
して、気密に閉塞している。封口蓋３と外装缶７の間に
は、絶縁パッキン１２を挟着している。絶縁パッキン１
２は外装缶７と封口蓋３とを電気的に絶縁するととも
に、この間のガス漏れを防止している。The outer can 7 is shaped like a cylinder with a bottom. The outer can 7 is airtightly closed by caulking and fixing the sealing lid 3 at the opening. An insulating packing 12 is sandwiched between the sealing lid 3 and the outer can 7. Insulation packing 1
The reference numeral 2 electrically insulates the outer can 7 and the sealing lid 3 and prevents gas leakage between them.

【００２０】図４は前記密閉型蓄電池の封口蓋の平面
図、図５は図４のＡ−Ａ断面図である。これ等の図に示
す封口蓋３は、封口板３Ａの上面に電極キャップ３Ｂを
スポット溶接している。電極キャップ３Ｂは中央部を上
方に突出し、封口板３Ａは中央部を下方に突出させて、
電極キャップ３Ｂと封口板３Ａの間に、第１安全弁６Ａ
の弾性体であるバネ１と弁体２とを配設している。封口
板３Ａは中心に弁孔４を開口している。弁孔４の外周縁
には、弁体２を気密に密着させる凸部１３を設けてい
る。弁体２は金属板２Ａの下面にゴム２Ｂを積層して接
着している。弁体２が封口板３Ａの弁孔４を閉塞するた
めに、弁体２は弁孔４の上面に、弾性体であるバネ１で
弾性的に押圧されている。弁孔４に押圧される弁体２
は、弁孔４を気密に閉塞して第１安全弁６Ａを閉弁状態
に保持する。バネ１は、下方に向かって巻き径が次第に
小さくなる渦巻状のコイルバネである。弾性体にはバネ
１に代わってゴム状弾性体も使用できる。FIG. 4 is a plan view of the sealing lid of the sealed storage battery, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. In the sealing lid 3 shown in these drawings, the electrode cap 3B is spot-welded to the upper surface of the sealing plate 3A. The electrode cap 3B has a central portion protruding upward, and the sealing plate 3A has a central portion protruding downward.
The first safety valve 6A is provided between the electrode cap 3B and the sealing plate 3A.
The spring 1 and the valve body 2 which are the elastic bodies are arranged. The sealing plate 3A has a valve hole 4 at the center. The outer peripheral edge of the valve hole 4 is provided with a convex portion 13 for airtightly adhering the valve body 2. The valve body 2 is formed by laminating rubber 2B on the lower surface of a metal plate 2A and adhering it. Since the valve body 2 closes the valve hole 4 of the sealing plate 3A, the valve body 2 is elastically pressed against the upper surface of the valve hole 4 by the spring 1 which is an elastic body. The valve body 2 pressed by the valve hole 4
Shuts the valve hole 4 airtightly and holds the first safety valve 6A in the closed state. The spring 1 is a spiral coil spring whose winding diameter gradually decreases downward. As the elastic body, a rubber-like elastic body can be used instead of the spring 1.

【００２１】この構造の第１安全弁６Ａは、電池内圧が
設定圧よりも低いときに閉弁状態に保持される。バネ１
が弁体２を封口板３Ａに押し付けて弁孔４を閉塞してい
るからである。電池内圧が上昇すると、弁孔４に作用す
るガス圧が弁体２を押し上げて開弁する。この状態にな
ると、電池内のガスは、封口板３Ａの弁孔４と、電極キ
ャップ３Ｂのガス抜孔５を通過して電池外に放出され
る。電極キャップ３Ｂには、図４と図５に示すように、
凸部との境界部分にガス抜孔５を開口している。弁体２
が弁孔４から離れる電池内圧、いいかえると第１安全弁
６Ａが開弁する開弁圧は、たとえば、ニッケル−カドミ
ウム電池の場合は約１〜２ＭＰａに設定される。第１安
全弁６Ａの開弁圧は、電池の電池ケース１４が破裂する
圧力に比較して充分に低い圧力に設定される。The first safety valve 6A of this structure is kept closed when the battery internal pressure is lower than the set pressure. Spring 1
This is because the valve body 2 is pressed against the sealing plate 3A to close the valve hole 4. When the battery internal pressure rises, the gas pressure acting on the valve hole 4 pushes up the valve body 2 to open the valve. In this state, the gas in the battery passes through the valve hole 4 of the sealing plate 3A and the gas vent hole 5 of the electrode cap 3B and is discharged to the outside of the battery. In the electrode cap 3B, as shown in FIGS.
A gas vent hole 5 is opened at the boundary with the convex portion. Valve 2
The internal pressure of the battery leaving the valve hole 4, in other words, the valve opening pressure at which the first safety valve 6A opens is set to about 1 to 2 MPa in the case of a nickel-cadmium battery, for example. The valve opening pressure of the first safety valve 6A is set to a pressure sufficiently lower than the pressure at which the battery case 14 of the battery bursts.

【００２２】外装缶７は、鉄板等の金属板を、プレスし
て、底のある円筒状、すなわち有底筒状に成形して製造
される。鉄板製の外装缶７は、プレス加工した後に、あ
るいはプレス加工する前工程で、表面にニッケル等のメ
ッキを施している。The outer can 7 is manufactured by pressing a metal plate such as an iron plate into a cylindrical shape having a bottom, that is, a bottomed cylindrical shape. The outer can 7 made of an iron plate has its surface plated with nickel or the like after the press working or before the press working.

【００２３】封口蓋３には、自己復帰可能な第１安全弁
６Ａに加えて、第２安全弁６Ｂを設けている。第２安全
弁６Ｂは、電池が異常な状態で使用されて、電池内圧が
第１安全弁６Ａの設定圧まで上昇しても第１安全弁６Ａ
が正常に開弁せず、あるいは、第１安全弁６Ａの排出能
力よりも多量のガスが発生して内圧が上昇し、圧力と温
度がさらに上昇すると、熱破壊されて開弁する安全弁６
である。第２安全弁６Ｂは、いったん開弁されると閉弁
しない、すなわち、自己復帰しない。第２安全弁６Ｂ
は、封口蓋３を構成する封口板３Ａに設けたスリット８
と、このスリット８を気密に閉塞する熱可塑性樹脂９で
構成される。The sealing lid 3 is provided with a second safety valve 6B in addition to the first safety valve 6A capable of self-restoration. The second safety valve 6B is used when the battery is in an abnormal state and the internal pressure of the battery rises to the set pressure of the first safety valve 6A.
Does not open normally, or a larger amount of gas than the discharge capacity of the first safety valve 6A is generated to increase the internal pressure, and if the pressure and temperature rise further, the safety valve 6 is opened due to thermal destruction.
It is. Once opened, the second safety valve 6B does not close, that is, does not self-recover. Second safety valve 6B
Is the slit 8 provided in the sealing plate 3A that constitutes the sealing lid 3.
And a thermoplastic resin 9 that hermetically closes the slit 8.

【００２４】スリット８は、ここを閉塞する熱可塑性樹
脂９が熱破壊されたときに、図６と図７に示すように開
口される。このように、スリット８は封口蓋３の封口板
３Ａに、ひんじ部１０を残してＣ形に設けられている。
ひんじ部１０を残してスリット８をＣ形に設けるのは、
スリット８の熱可塑性樹脂９が熱で軟化、溶融して破壊
されたときに、スリット８の内側の封口板３Ａが完全に
分離されないようにするためである。完全に分離されな
いで開弁される第２安全弁６Ｂは、開弁時の安全性を相
当に高くできる。それは、スリット８の内側が完全に分
離して開弁されると、開弁した瞬間の高圧ガスで、吹き
飛ばされるが、ひんじ部１０を残してＣ形に設けたスリ
ット８は、熱可塑性樹脂９が熱破壊されて開弁しても、
ひんじ部１０でスリット８の内側を連結しているので、
この部分が分離して吹き飛ばされないからである。The slit 8 is opened as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 when the thermoplastic resin 9 that closes the slit 8 is thermally destroyed. In this way, the slit 8 is provided in the sealing plate 3A of the sealing lid 3 in a C-shape except for the hinge portion 10.
Providing the slit 8 in a C shape while leaving the hinge portion 10
This is to prevent the sealing plate 3A inside the slit 8 from being completely separated when the thermoplastic resin 9 of the slit 8 is softened and melted by heat and destroyed. The second safety valve 6B, which is opened without being completely separated, can considerably increase the safety when opened. When the inside of the slit 8 is completely separated and the valve is opened, it is blown off by the high-pressure gas at the moment when the valve is opened. However, the slit 8 provided in the C shape except for the hinge portion 10 is made of a thermoplastic resin. Even if 9 is opened due to thermal destruction,
Since the inside of the slit 8 is connected by the hinge part 10,
This is because this part is not separated and blown away.

【００２５】第２安全弁６Ｂを開弁する温度は、第１安
全弁６Ａが開弁されてから、電池ケース１４が破壊され
る前に開弁されるように、たとえば、電池温度が２００
〜３００℃になると開弁するように設定される。第２安
全弁６Ｂが開弁する温度は、スリット８を閉塞する熱可
塑性樹脂９の種類と、スリット８の形状で調整できる。
熱可塑性樹脂９に、軟化、溶融温度の低いプラスチック
を使用すると、第２安全弁６Ｂの開弁温度は低くなる。
反対に、熱可塑性樹脂９に軟化、溶融温度の高いプラス
チックを使用すると、第２安全弁６Ｂの開弁温度は高く
なる。第２安全弁６Ｂの熱可塑性樹脂９には、たとえ
ば、ナイロン、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリエチレン樹
脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、アクリル樹脂等のプラスチックが
使用されるが、軟化、溶融温度を考慮するとナイロンが
最適である。The temperature at which the second safety valve 6B is opened is set so that the second safety valve 6B is opened before the battery case 14 is destroyed after the first safety valve 6A is opened.
The valve is set to open when the temperature reaches 300 ° C. The temperature at which the second safety valve 6B opens can be adjusted by the type of the thermoplastic resin 9 closing the slit 8 and the shape of the slit 8.
When a plastic having a low softening and melting temperature is used for the thermoplastic resin 9, the valve opening temperature of the second safety valve 6B becomes low.
On the contrary, when the softening and melting temperature of the thermoplastic resin 9 is high, the opening temperature of the second safety valve 6B becomes high. For the thermoplastic resin 9 of the second safety valve 6B, for example, plastics such as nylon, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, vinyl chloride resin, acrylic resin, etc. are used, but nylon is most suitable in consideration of softening and melting temperatures.

【００２６】図３と図４に示す第２安全弁６Ｂは、熱可
塑性樹脂９の上下に、両側に突出する凸条９Ａを設け、
凸条９Ａで封口板３Ａの上面と下面を挟着して気密に閉
塞している。凸条９Ａが大きいと、軟化した熱可塑性樹
脂９が外れ難くなる。したがって、凸条９Ａを大きくす
ると第２安全弁６Ｂが開弁する温度が高くなる。The second safety valve 6B shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is provided with ridges 9A protruding from both sides above and below the thermoplastic resin 9,
The ridge 9A sandwiches the upper surface and the lower surface of the sealing plate 3A to hermetically close them. If the ridge 9A is large, the softened thermoplastic resin 9 becomes difficult to come off. Therefore, when the ridge 9A is made larger, the temperature at which the second safety valve 6B opens becomes higher.

【００２７】[0027]

【発明の効果】本発明の密閉型蓄電池は、自己復帰型の
第１安全弁と、自己復帰しない第２安全弁とを備え、自
己復帰する第１安全弁は圧力で開弁し、自己復帰しない
第２安全弁は熱可塑性樹脂が破壊されて開弁される。こ
の構造の密閉型蓄電池は、電池が異常な状態で使用され
て第１安全弁が開弁されても、その後に電池内圧が低下
すると再び電池として使用できる。さらに、第１安全弁
で電池の異常な状態が解消されないときは、電池の圧力
と温度が上昇して、第２安全弁の熱可塑性樹脂が破壊さ
れて第２安全弁が開弁する。第２安全弁を構成する熱可
塑性樹脂は、軟化、溶融温度になると、確実に破壊され
て第２安全弁を開弁させる。熱可塑性樹脂を熱破壊させ
て開弁する第２安全弁は、機械的な可動部分を必要とせ
ず、極めて簡単な構造で熱可塑性樹脂の熱軟化、溶融特
性で開弁されるので、故障することがなく、設定温度に
なると確実に開弁して、密閉型蓄電池を安全に保護す
る。The sealed storage battery of the present invention is provided with the first safety valve of self-recovery type and the second safety valve which does not self-recover, and the first safety valve which self-recovers opens with pressure and the second safety valve which does not self-recover. The safety valve is opened when the thermoplastic resin is destroyed. The sealed storage battery having this structure can be used again as a battery when the battery is used in an abnormal state and the first safety valve is opened, and then the internal pressure of the battery decreases. Further, when the abnormal state of the battery is not resolved by the first safety valve, the pressure and temperature of the battery rise, the thermoplastic resin of the second safety valve is destroyed, and the second safety valve opens. The thermoplastic resin forming the second safety valve is reliably destroyed when the softening or melting temperature is reached, and the second safety valve is opened. The second safety valve that opens by breaking the thermoplastic resin by heat does not require any mechanical moving parts, and is opened with the extremely soft structure and thermal softening and melting characteristics of the thermoplastic resin. When the temperature reaches the set temperature, the valve will open without fail to safely protect the sealed storage battery.

【００２８】第２安全弁の熱可塑性樹脂を熱破壊させる
状況になった密閉型蓄電池は、たとえ、第２安全弁が自
己復帰したとしても、その後に再使用できることはほと
んど期待できない。それは、電池に内蔵されるセパレー
タ等のプラスチックも溶融されているからである。した
がって、本発明の密閉型蓄電池は、第２安全弁で安全性
を著しく改善するが、第２安全弁が開弁することによっ
て、異常が解消された後に再使用できる電池を使用でき
なくするものではない。再使用できないほど厳しい環境
で使用される場合での、密閉型蓄電池の安全性を著しく
改善する。It is almost impossible to expect that the sealed type storage battery, which is in a state where the thermoplastic resin of the second safety valve is thermally destroyed, can be reused after that even if the second safety valve recovers itself. This is because the plastic such as the separator built in the battery is also melted. Therefore, the sealed storage battery of the present invention remarkably improves the safety with the second safety valve, but the opening of the second safety valve does not prevent the use of the reusable battery after the abnormality is resolved. . It significantly improves the safety of sealed batteries when they are used in harsh environments that cannot be reused.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】自己復帰する安全弁を内蔵する従来の密閉型蓄
電池の断面図FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional sealed storage battery having a built-in self-returning safety valve.

【図２】本発明者等が先に開発した密閉型蓄電池の底面
図FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the sealed storage battery previously developed by the present inventors.

【図３】本発明の実施の形態の密閉型蓄電池の断面図FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the sealed storage battery according to the embodiment of the present invention.

【図４】図３に示す密閉型蓄電池の封口蓋の平面図FIG. 4 is a plan view of a sealing lid of the sealed storage battery shown in FIG.

【図５】図４に示す密閉型蓄電池の封口蓋のＡ−Ａ断面
図5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of the sealing lid of the sealed storage battery shown in FIG.

【図６】図３に示す封口蓋の第２安全弁が開弁した状態
を示す断面図6 is a sectional view showing a state in which a second safety valve of the sealing lid shown in FIG. 3 is opened.

【図７】図３に示す封口蓋の第２安全弁が開弁した状態
を示す平面図7 is a plan view showing a state in which a second safety valve of the sealing lid shown in FIG. 3 is opened.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１…バネ ２…弁体 ２Ａ…金属板 ２Ｂ…ゴム ３…封口蓋 ３Ａ…封口板 ３Ｂ…電極キ
ャップ ４…弁孔 ５…ガス抜孔 ６…安全弁 ６Ａ…第１安全弁 ６Ｂ…第２安
全弁 ７…外装缶 ８…スリット ９…熱可塑性樹脂 ９Ａ…凸条 １０…ひんじ部 １１…電極体 １２…絶縁パッキン １３…凸部 １４…電池ケース １５…スペーサーDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Spring 2 ... Valve body 2A ... Metal plate 2B ... Rubber 3 ... Sealing lid 3A ... Sealing plate 3B ... Electrode cap 4 ... Valve hole 5 ... Gas vent hole 6 ... Safety valve 6A ... 1st safety valve 6B ... 2nd safety valve 7 ... Exterior Can 8 ... Slit 9 ... Thermoplastic resin 9A ... Convex strip 10 ... Elbow portion 11 ... Electrode body 12 ... Insulating packing 13 ... Convex portion 14 ... Battery case 15 ... Spacer

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 外装缶(7)とこの外装缶(7)の開口部を密
閉する封口蓋(3)からなる電池ケース(14)に安全弁(6)を
設けた密閉型蓄電池において、 前記安全弁(6)は、開弁と閉弁を繰り返しできる自己復
帰可能な第１安全弁(6A)と、ひんじ部(10)を残して環状
に形成されたスリット(8)及びこのスリット(8)を気密に
閉塞する熱可塑性樹脂(9)で構成された自己復帰しない
第２安全弁(6B)とを備え、 前記第２安全弁(6B)の開弁圧力は、第１安全弁(6A)より
も高くて、前記電池ケース(14)の封口部が破損する圧力
よりも低く設定され、かつ、前記第２安全弁(6B)は、前
記熱可塑性樹脂(9)が破壊されて前記スリット(8)で囲ま
れた部分が前記ひんじ部(10)で折曲されて開弁すること
を特徴とする密閉型蓄電池。1. A sealed type storage battery comprising a safety valve (6) in a battery case (14) consisting of an outer can (7) and a sealing lid (3) for sealing the opening of the outer can (7). (6) is a self-recoverable first safety valve (6A) capable of repeating opening and closing, a slit (8) formed in an annular shape leaving the hinge portion (10) and this slit (8). A second safety valve (6B) made of a thermoplastic resin (9) that is airtightly closed and does not self-reset, and the opening pressure of the second safety valve (6B) is higher than that of the first safety valve (6A). The pressure is set lower than the pressure at which the sealing portion of the battery case (14) is damaged, and the second safety valve (6B) is surrounded by the slit (8) when the thermoplastic resin (9) is destroyed. A closed type storage battery characterized in that a closed portion is bent at the hinge portion (10) to open the valve.
JP27546895A 1995-10-24 1995-10-24 Sealed storage battery Expired - Fee Related JP3667835B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27546895A JP3667835B2 (en) 1995-10-24 1995-10-24 Sealed storage battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27546895A JP3667835B2 (en) 1995-10-24 1995-10-24 Sealed storage battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09120811A true JPH09120811A (en) 1997-05-06
JP3667835B2 JP3667835B2 (en) 2005-07-06

Family

ID=17555967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP27546895A Expired - Fee Related JP3667835B2 (en) 1995-10-24 1995-10-24 Sealed storage battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3667835B2 (en)

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