JPH0849368A - Waterproof covering-layer forming material for civil engineering and construction - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To surely form a waterproof coat layer superior in strength, waterproof performance, and durability, etc., independent of the execution surface condition or meteorological conditions, when forming a waterproof coat layer for a road or building. CONSTITUTION: A net is either used as a base material or an asphalt material is formed into a net or is not used, a waterproof coat layer formation material coated with paraffin is placed on a construction surface, which is heated and dried by blowing frame from above, while the asphalt and paraffin of material are melted to flow. Thus, the net is crushed, and simultaneously material is bonded to the execution surface.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an asphalt-based waterproof coating layer forming material used for pavement work for roads and plazas and construction work for applying a waterproof coating to the floors and roofs of buildings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Asphalt has been used as the waterproof pavement material for roads and plazas since it has been the oldest, and it is still a typical one. Asphalt is also widely used as a coating material for waterproofing the floors and roofs of buildings. Forming a waterproof coating layer with asphalt (hereinafter sometimes referred to as asphalt construction)
In both cases of road pavement and floor construction, it is usual to use a bituminous material that has been heated to a molten state in a kettle installed at the construction site. In such conventional asphalt construction, the condition of the construction surface greatly affects the quality of the construction result. That is, in order to obtain good results in asphalt construction, the following three points are important in terms of construction.

Completely dry: An asphalt melt without hydrophilicity does not fit on a wet construction surface, and strong adhesion cannot be expected. In order to obtain good results, it is said that the concrete construction surface must be in a dry state with a water content of about 6% or less. Detergency: There should be no fragile thin layer of cement or calcareous, old asphalt residue, etc. that floated on the surface when placing concrete, and no aged or weathered surface. It is desirable that the surface is clean after being washed with water. Temperature: It is necessary to be about 10 ° C. or higher. The closer the temperature is to the temperature of molten asphalt, the less increase in viscosity due to cooling when the asphalt comes into contact with the construction surface,
Asphalt penetrates well into the construction surface and adheres securely.

However, these requirements are rarely observed in actual construction sites. At best, the compressor simply blows off the dust, and the construction is often forced even if the water content and temperature are not so favorable.
Moisture content is also a problem for aggregates such as sand and crushed stone that are mixed in asphalt, and paving with aggregates with a moisture content of more than 2% results in poor adhesion between asphalt and aggregate. Peeling due to lack of strength, etc., resulting in poor durability. In the asphalt pavement where the asphalt and aggregate are mixed at the construction site, it is not possible to expect to use only the aggregate in a sufficiently dry state, and the wet bone is used in the construction performed during bad weather conditions such as the rainy season. The pavement may have poor durability due to the use of timber.

In addition, asphalt pavement is impermeable to water and air, has physical properties capable of sufficiently resisting various stresses from automobile wheels traveling on the pavement surface, and softens at high temperatures in summer to cause a wavy phenomenon. However, in connection with this, the conventional asphalt pavement materials had the following problems. First,
Asphalt, which has a strong adhesiveness to the construction surface and aggregates and provides a pavement surface that is also favorable in terms of physical properties, has a relatively high viscosity, but in reality, it has a permeability to fine cracks on the construction surface, soil, crushed stone, etc. Considering the mixing property of, low viscosity ones are used. In addition, regardless of whether it is a high-viscosity product or a low-viscosity product, asphalt becomes brittle at low temperatures and tears easily to allow water to pass through, while it has the drawback of softening and waving at high temperatures in the summer, and pavement in areas where the difference between cold and hot is large. As a material, it is quite difficult to use. Further, it is a fairly difficult work to uniformly apply the molten asphalt pavement material, and the unevenness of the pavement thickness and the easy occurrence of uneven strength also make it difficult to achieve the above requirements.

In the asphalt waterproofing work for buildings, there are almost the same problems as in the above-mentioned pavement work.
In waterproofing construction, asphalt primer is often used for the purpose of improving the adhesion of the asphalt waterproof layer to the construction surface made of concrete, etc., because water leakage is more of a problem than pavement construction. The general primer, which is made by dissolving the blown asphalt in mineral spirit, xylol, solvent naphtha, etc., will not penetrate if the water content of the construction surface is high, and then when hot molten asphalt is sprayed. It is not possible to prevent bubbles from being generated in the asphalt layer (or between the asphalt layer and the base) and causing cracks due to water vapor rapidly generated from the construction surface.
Tar epoxy-based or tar urethane-based resin primers have better adhesion to the substrate and are superior to asphalt primers, but they are still unsatisfactory on moist construction surfaces and are expensive, so they are popular. Has not yet reached. Regarding the asphalt for waterproofing work, while the demand for water blocking performance is strict as described above, the work is often subdivided compared to the pavement work, so the following points become problems.

Since the heating conditions in the melting pot are not constant, and the time taken to take them out after they have been taken out of the pot is not constant, the asphalt having a viscosity unsuitable for construction is scattered and the thickness is uneven. It often causes poor adhesion. It is difficult to check the amount of asphalt used specified in the specifications. Smoke and foul odors generated from the asphalt melting pot worsen the surrounding environment. In addition, it may cause burns, fires and other disasters, making it difficult to secure workers. It is difficult to secure skilled workers because it takes time to melt asphalt in a melting pot, scavenge the molten asphalt, transport it, and disperse it, and it is difficult to secure skilled workers. Is high.

In waterproofing work, there is a method of attaching so-called asphalt roofing. Asphalt roofing is a completely water-blocking sheet manufactured at the factory, so a high degree of waterproofing is relatively easy to achieve in construction using it. However, even in this case, the dry condition of the construction surface remains a problem,
In addition, stone powder that adheres to the roofing surface hinders the adhesion of asphalt. Even if you have ear bleeding, wrinkles, insufficient crimping, damage, etc., you can not repair it well. The asphalt protruding from both ends of the roofing is cold and thick when the next roofing to be stuck next to it is likely to cause a crimping failure in the overlapping portion of the roofing. If it rains during construction, it will be difficult to treat the accumulated rainwater. Skills are required for detailed construction of special parts such as projecting corners, entering corners, and drain areas. The crack resistance of the asphalt roofing itself is not very good. However, there are many problems such as water leakage due to these problems.

[0009]

As described above, the conventional asphalt construction is difficult to carry out unless the construction surface is clean and dry and at an appropriate temperature, and if the construction is daunting, it will result. Was usually significantly inferior. And, as for this problem, conventional asphalt construction materials are hardly considered. Further, the quality instability that is unavoidable in the conventional asphalt pavement materials or waterproof materials prepared on site also deteriorates the reliability of waterproof performance and durability. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to provide a waterproof coating layer which is excellent in strength, waterproof performance, durability, etc., without selecting construction conditions than conventional asphalt construction materials, and for new asphalt construction. To provide the material.

[0010]

The present invention succeeded in achieving the above object. In the present invention, asphalt is impregnated and adhered to the yarn portion of the mesh, and paraffin is adhered to the surface of the asphalt that has adhered, and adhered. Civil engineering construction for forming an asphalt coating layer without spraying asphalt, characterized in that the amount of asphalt is sufficient to fill the mesh when the attached asphalt is melted and fluidized. The present invention provides a waterproof coating layer forming material. This material is made of cotton, hemp, wool, heat-resistant synthetic fibers, asbestos, glass fibers, etc., preferably made of a thread made of fibers that do not melt when heated to about 240 ° C.
It is simply manufactured by immersing it in the asphalt melt and impregnating it with the asphalt, cooling the net pulled from the asphalt melt to solidify the asphalt adhering to the net, and finally immersing it in the paraffin melt and pulling it up. However, the manufacturing method is not limited to this. The amount of asphalt deposited on the surface can be increased by repeating immersion in the asphalt melt and cooling 2-3 times. Stone powder, aluminum powder, finely cut fibers, etc. may be attached to the surface of the asphalt by utilizing the adhesiveness of the asphalt attached to the net immediately after being pulled up from the asphalt melt.

The net of the base material is made of spun yarn, and in particular, a net made of loosely spun bulky yarn or a net made by tape-forming a plurality of parallel yarns. Is most preferable because it is well impregnated with asphalt and adheres to the surface in a large amount, but a net composed of multifilaments or monofilaments may be used. This material is not only a net base material but also a net-like material, and has openings. Preferred for general use are those with openings of about 15-35 mm. Another waterproof coating layer forming material provided by the present invention, without using a net as a base material, an asphalt material appropriately mixed with reinforcing short fibers and the like is formed into a net by a method such as cast molding. It is formed. This material may also have its surface coated with paraffin. For any of the above materials, the mesh size, the quality of asphalt, the amount of asphalt and paraffin deposited on the net, the type and amount of additives or deposits on the asphalt can be arbitrarily selected according to the intended use, but general applications The amount of asphalt adhered is about 1.2.
It is suitable that the amount of paraffin adhered is about one-tenth to about one-tenth of the amount of asphalt attached, which is about 3.0 kg / m ² .

[0012]

The method of forming a waterproof coating layer using the above-mentioned net-like coating layer forming material (hereinafter referred to as asphalt net) according to the present invention is as follows. First, place the asphalt net on the construction surface, and directly heat and dry the construction surface by blowing a flame or high temperature combustion gas over the placed asphalt net and melt and flow the asphalt and paraffin of the asphalt net, and thereby At the same time as crushing the mesh, it causes adhesion between the asphalt net and the construction surface.

In the asphalt construction using the above-mentioned material according to the present invention, the flame or high temperature combustion gas sprayed from above the asphalt net placed on the construction surface reaches the construction surface through the openings of the asphalt net. As a result, combustible dust and oil stains on the construction surface are burned to form ash and blown away, and the construction surface is cleaned. Even if it is wet or damp, it will dry quickly, and at the same time, the surface will be heated to a temperature suitable for asphalt fusion. In parallel with this, the paraffin and asphalt of the asphalt net are also heated, melted and flow with additives and deposits, and flow to the construction surface while crushing the mesh. At this time, the paraffin melt, which has lower viscosity and better flowability and permeability than asphalt, penetrates deeply into all the fine irregularities and cracks on the construction surface, but the paraffin eventually burns down, and then the asphalt. To enable close adhesion between the construction surface and asphalt. As a result, the asphalt net changes into a sheet with no holes and is firmly adhered to the construction surface,
Form a uniform and strong waterproof coating layer. As mentioned above, the paraffin on the surface of the asphalt net functions to help the penetration of the molten asphalt, and also prevents the asphalt net from fusing together when it is rolled up or stacked before use. It also works.

The asphalt construction method using the asphalt net according to the present invention will be described in more detail below. In order to obtain the flame or high temperature combustion gas required in the asphalt construction of the present invention using an asphalt net, a torch lamp that uses petroleum as a fuel or a burner of any structure that uses liquefied petroleum gas as a fuel is used depending on the scale of the construction. Select and use. The flame generated by the burner may be blown onto the asphalt net as it is, or if it has a sufficient amount of heat to melt the asphalt, it may be blown onto the asphalt net after it has become a high temperature combustion gas out of the flame state. . Hereinafter, the case where a flame is mainly used will be described, but the same can be performed by using a high temperature combustion gas. The temperature of the flame emitted by the torch lamp or burner is about 1000 ° C to 1100 ° C. If such a high-temperature flame was blown directly through the openings of the asphalt net, it would be like having encountered a fire, and it might be feared that the concrete on the construction surface would be seriously damaged. However, many experimental examples and examples of the present invention have confirmed that such concerns are unnecessary.

That is, the cement hydrate in concrete starts dehydration reaction at around 260 ° C. when heated and completes dehydration at approximately 480 ° C. Therefore, when a flame is blown onto the concrete surface, it directly comes into contact with flame or hot air. This dehydration reaction occurs at an extremely early stage on the surface part, but since the dehydration reaction is an endothermic reaction and the concrete whose density has been reduced by dehydration also has a low thermal conductivity, the internal temperature rises slowly and The alteration of is only required for the surface layer. In addition, if the temperature of the particular place on the construction surface continued to rise because the flame continued to be applied, thermal decomposition accompanied by significant volume expansion started following dehydration, and the decomposed surface layer rapidly Peel from the inner layer. Since this peeling occurs remarkably with a squealing noise, the operator can easily recognize this, and the psychology is usually fearing that the peeling will intensify due to further heating. Therefore, if the heating limit is determined by taking this small explosive peeling phenomenon as a guide, there is no possibility that thermal decomposition will proceed to the inner layer of the construction surface to cause cracking or decrease in strength. Of course, the surface of the construction surface that has been heated until the peeling phenomenon has changed so that traces of peeling can be seen, but this is immediately covered with asphalt, and it is rather better in terms of adhesiveness with asphalt. The peeling phenomenon is almost the same as crackling when salt is sprinkled in a fire, and therefore there is no risk of causing injury such as burns to an operator.

There is also no need to worry that the direct blowing of flame may ignite asphalt having a flash point of about 200 ° C. and cause a fire, or oxidize the asphalt to cause deterioration of quality. The flame and high-temperature combustion gas blown out from a torch lamp or a burner mainly consist of carbon dioxide gas, in which most of oxygen in the air is consumed by combustion of gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas as fuel. Generally, when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air exceeds 4%, the combustion of combustibles is stopped. Therefore, the high temperature gas blown to the asphalt net in the method of the present invention does not assist the combustion even if the temperature is high. Absent. Then, the continuously blown gas covers the heating region and its periphery to prevent air from entering there. Therefore, continuous combustion is not possible in the heating area. When the heating area moves due to the movement of the crater of the burner, ambient air with a low carbon dioxide concentration may flow into the asphalt heated to a temperature above the flash point to ignite the asphalt. Combustion can be temporary if heating is performed while moving the position frequently.

And, it takes only a short time to blow and melt / fluidize the flame, and since it is performed in the non-oxidizing atmosphere as described above, which is different from the burning, it deteriorates the quality of the asphalt. Nor. As you can see from the fact that asphalt (blown asphalt) is modified by blowing air and water vapor in the molten state to cause polycondensation and partial oxidation, asphalt is generally heated and melted in an open kettle. In typical asphalt construction, the time and temperature maintained in the molten state have a great influence on the quality of the asphalt, and as the time elapses and the temperature rises, the asphalt deteriorates and the softening point rises. Ductility decreases. That is, it becomes hard and brittle, and the workability and work quality deteriorate. Therefore, the temperature of molten asphalt must be strictly controlled so that it does not exceed the optimum temperature for construction, the molten asphalt is used up as soon as possible, and then new asphalt is melted. Has been paid. The method of the present invention in which the asphalt net is fused to the construction surface by heating for a short time in a substantially oxygen-free state is advantageous over the conventional method also in that there is less risk of deterioration of the asphalt due to oxidation or polycondensation.

If the asphalt net that has been exposed to rain and dew while being placed outdoors on a construction site is subjected to flame treatment as it is, the asphalt droplets will make a crackle with rapid evaporation of water. It scatters and burns with black smoke, which ends naturally as soon as the evaporation of water is complete. In other words, even if a small amount of water adheres to the asphalt net, it does not interfere with the asphalt construction of the present invention, so it does not need to be dried and can be used as it is. Two or more coating layers can be further formed as described above on the coating layer formed using asphalt net, whereby
It is possible to form a coating layer having more excellent waterproofness and strength. In the process, sand, crushed stone, or the like may be sprinkled or molten asphalt may be applied, if necessary, and a waterproof sheet or roofing may be attached. The asphalt net of the present invention exerts its characteristics best when subjected to flame treatment by placing it directly on concrete or old pavement surface as described above, but after applying asphalt from the melting pot to the construction surface, it is applied while flame treatment. You can also wear it.

[0019]

【Example】

Example 1 (Example of producing asphalt net) A tape-like yarn having a width of 25 mm, which is obtained by aligning six jute yarns in parallel, is stretched at intervals of 25 mm to form a warp,
As a weft, a tape-shaped yarn consisting of 12 jute yarns having a width of 30 mm was struck therein with a spacing of 30 mm to produce a net having a plain weave structure. This net is about 150-200
It was dipped in an asphalt melt at 0 ° C, pulled up and air-cooled, then dipped in another asphalt melt at a temperature of about 70 to 100 ° C, immediately pulled up and air-cooled. The net with the asphalt attached was then immersed in molten paraffin at 70 ° C., immediately pulled up, and cooled by blowing cold air. As a result, an asphalt net having a mesh size of 25 × 30 mm, an asphalt adhesion amount of about 1.8 kg / m ² and a paraffin adhesion amount of about 0.8 kg / m ² was obtained. This asphalt net is
It is suitable as an asphalt net used in the following examples.

Example 2 (Execution example of waterproof layer in road pavement) Asphalt net is spread on the road surface where crushed stones are spread and spread, and the flame of the burner is directly blown to melt and flow the asphalt of the asphalt net to the crushed stone gap. Permeate and coat the road surface. Immediately thereafter, sand, crushed stone, etc. are sprinkled, and flame treatment is performed again until the surface becomes flat.

Example 3 (Example of repairing asphalt pavement) The damaged part of the pavement was first treated with a burner flame,
Next, lay an asphalt net and spray a burner flame on it. Depending on the repair scale, crushed stones are sprayed and asphalt mortar is placed in parallel with the flame treatment.

Example 4 (Example of use as seam material) A seam of a concrete pavement for a road is cleaned, and an asphalt net cut to an appropriate width is lightly packed therein. Flame treatment is performed to melt the asphalt and penetrate the groove wall of the seam. When it gets a little cool, put another asphalt net on the seam and stuff it into the seam while flame-treating. Repeat the above work until there is no dent in the seam.

Example 5 (Example of waterproof construction work) Asphalt net is laid on a concrete rooftop floor,
Flame treatment is performed to clean, dry and heat the concrete surface, and at the same time, asphalt of asphalt net is melted and fluidized. Continue flame treatment until the mesh openings are gone and the concrete surface is covered with asphalt. On top of the formed waterproof coating, a roofing (or other tarpaulin) may be placed and pressed to bond while the asphalt is still hot and tacky. Depending on the required waterproof performance, if an asphalt net is placed on top of it and subjected to flame treatment, and roofing is placed on top of it and pressed and adhered repeatedly, a highly waterproof coating layer is formed. A waterproof film-forming material may be applied on top of the initial waterproof coating of asphalt net.

Example 7 (Example of waterproof construction work) Floors with high demand for moisture proof performance such as grain warehouses and sugar warehouses, and floors requiring chemical resistance such as chemical laboratories are constructed with asphalt mortar or asphalt concrete. In doing so, a waterproof coating similar to that in Example 5 is first formed by flame treatment of asphalt net, and asphalt mortar or the like is sprinkled on it, followed by trowel finishing while flame treatment.

Example 8 (Example of small-scale waterproofing treatment) A flame treatment is performed by placing an asphalt net at a crack generation site of concrete or asbestos tile. With the spread of prefabricated construction, there is an increasing number of cases where conventional waterproofing methods cannot deal with water leaks at the joints of various building members, around sashes, etc., but this can also be easily done by applying flame treatment with asphalt nets. , It is possible to complete the welded joint. If a sealing material that can follow expansion and contraction to some extent is applied and filled on top of that, waterproofing will be more complete.

Example 9 (Expansion example of waterproofing of expansion joint) The water blocking plate and the groove walls on both sides of the joint are flame-treated to be cleaned and dried, and the asphalt net is flame-treated at the joint portion to stop the asphalt waterproofing. Permeate and adhere to the gap between the plate and concrete. After that, a liquid sealing material is poured. If there is a high level of demand for waterproof performance, the undersides on both sides of the joint should be covered with a flame treatment of asphalt net with a width of about 30 cm, and then the waterproof sheet should be slackened for reinforcement.

[0027]

The effects of the present invention based on the above configuration will be listed below. 1. Simultaneously with the start of the flame treatment, the construction surface is cleaned with hot air, dried and heated, and the construction surface is in an ideal state for adhesion of molten asphalt. In other words, the water content, which is the construction standard for asphalt construction, is 6% or less for waterproof foundations of buildings and 2% or less for asphalt roads.
This water content standard is easily achieved even on wet construction surfaces after rain. As a result, the asphalt penetrates deeply into the microscopic voids on the construction surface and covers all fine irregularities to leave no gaps, so even a single layer achieves a high level of waterproof / moisture-proof performance, which is superior to conventional primers. ing.
Further, the construction can be performed without being restricted by the water content of the construction surface, and the preparation work can be simplified.

2. Due to the fact that asphalt flows under flame treatment and the temperature of the construction surface rises due to direct heating, even high-viscosity asphalt that could not be used for conventional asphalt construction is given sufficient fluidity for construction. Since it can be penetrated into the surface, it is possible to use a high-viscosity asphalt that gives a coating layer having a strong caking force and excellent strength. 3. The above-mentioned features 1 and 2 become more remarkable in the case of having a paraffin coating layer on the surface because of the action of promoting the penetration of paraffin. 4. By ensuring that the construction surface is dry, and even if the asphalt net itself is wet, it will evaporate while it melts and flows, ensuring "zero" in both single-layer and multi-layer construction. A moisture and zero-foam coating layer is formed, providing excellent waterproof performance and durability.

5. Since the net base material of the asphalt net acts as a reinforcing material for the waterproof layer even after construction, a pavement in which cracks and waviness are less likely to occur even with uneven loads received from automobiles running on the road surface can be obtained. 6. In the conventional construction method, repairing of cracked roads is performed by cutting V along the crack to widen the opening width and making it easier for asphalt to flow in. When the method of the invention is adopted, asphalt can be introduced into cracks without V-cutting and repaired like welding. 7. The use of factory-produced asphalt net guarantees the uniformity of the amount of asphalt applied per unit area of the construction surface and the mixing ratio of auxiliary materials such as sand and fibers, so even an unskilled person can easily perform uniform asphalt construction. It can be carried out. 8. With the above 5 and 7, it is possible to perform asphalt construction with the same performance even if it is thinner than before.

9. In conventional asphalt construction, the asphalt is crushed, and the amount of asphalt that can be used up in a short time is put in a pan, heated to a predetermined temperature and melted, the molten asphalt is pumped out, transported to the construction surface, and applied. That is, complicated and dangerous manual work and careful quality control are required, but the method of the present invention only requires an easy-to-handle asphalt net and flame treatment. Since the flame treatment is performed while observing a remarkable change in the construction surface and the flow state of asphalt as described above, no skill is required and there is no danger. Therefore, the present invention greatly facilitates the work, facilitates the repair work in a narrow space, and saves the labor cost, improves the safety, and shortens the construction period.

10. Eliminating the need for asphalt melting pots and solvent-based primers at construction sites reduces the likelihood of environmental problems such as fire and air pollution during construction near residential areas. 11. The asphalt net can be cut with scissors into any size and shape, and the flame treatment can be done by using a small burner, and the flame can be sprayed on a vertical wall or ceiling surface. Since it is possible, it is possible to perform work that was not possible with conventional asphalt work without being limited by the shape or site. 12. Improves joint waterproofing and fitting of joint parts.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method in which asphalt is impregnated and adhered to a yarn portion of a mesh, and paraffin is adhered to a surface of the adhered asphalt, and the amount of the adhered asphalt is a mesh when the adhered asphalt is melted and fluidized. A material for forming a waterproof coating layer for civil engineering and construction for forming an asphalt coating layer without spraying asphalt, characterized in that the material is a sufficient amount to fill the ground. 2. An asphalt material in which reinforcing short fibers are mixed is formed into a mesh shape, and the amount of the asphalt formed into the mesh shape fills the mesh when the attached asphalt is melted and fluidized. A material for forming a waterproof coating layer for civil engineering and construction for forming an asphalt coating layer without spraying asphalt, characterized in that it is a sufficient amount.