JPH0832584B2 - Alumina-based ceramic cutting tool with high toughness - Google Patents
Alumina-based ceramic cutting tool with high toughnessInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0832584B2 JPH0832584B2 JP61246186A JP24618686A JPH0832584B2 JP H0832584 B2 JPH0832584 B2 JP H0832584B2 JP 61246186 A JP61246186 A JP 61246186A JP 24618686 A JP24618686 A JP 24618686A JP H0832584 B2 JPH0832584 B2 JP H0832584B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- cutting tool
- cutting
- high toughness
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、高靱性を有し、したがって特に高靱性が
要求されるフライス切削やならい切削などの衝撃や大き
な負荷を受けるような条件下で使用した場合にすぐれた
切削性能を長期に亘って発揮するアルミナ基セラミック
ス製切削工具（以下、アルミナ系切削工具という）に関
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention has high toughness, and therefore, under conditions such as milling and profile cutting, which require particularly high toughness, to be subjected to impacts and large loads. The present invention relates to an alumina-based ceramics cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as an alumina-based cutting tool) that exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time when used.
従来、高硬度と高強度を有するアルミナ系切削工具と
して、容量％で（以下、％は容量％を示す）、11〜100
μｍの平均長さを有する炭化けい素（以下、SiCで示
す）ホイスカ:20〜40％、酸化イットリウム（以下、Y2O
3で示す）:0.1〜３％を含有し、残りが酸化アルミニウ
ム（以下、Al2O3で示す）と不可避不純物からなる組成
を有するアルミナ基セラミックスで構成されたものが知
られている。Conventionally, as an alumina-based cutting tool having high hardness and high strength, the capacity% (hereinafter,% indicates the capacity%), 11 to 100
Silicon carbide (hereinafter referred to as SiC) whiskers having an average length of μm: 20 to 40%, yttrium oxide (hereinafter Y 2 O)
3 )): 0.1 to 3%, and the rest is composed of alumina-based ceramics having a composition of aluminum oxide (hereinafter referred to as Al 2 O 3 ) and inevitable impurities.
しかし、上記の従来アルミナ系切削工具においては、
これを構成するアルミナ基セラミックスが高硬度および
高強度を有するものの十分な靱性を具備するものでない
ために、これをフライス切削やならい切削などの衝撃や
大きな負荷を受ける切削に用いると、切刃に欠けやチッ
ピングなどの欠損が発生し易く、これが原因で比較的短
時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。However, in the above conventional alumina-based cutting tool,
The alumina-based ceramics that make up this have high hardness and high strength, but do not have sufficient toughness, so if this is used for cutting such as milling or contour cutting that is subject to impact or large load, the cutting edge will be The current situation is that defects such as chipping and chipping are likely to occur, and this causes the service life to be reached in a relatively short time.
そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、上記
の従来アルミナ系切削工具に着目し、これに高靱性を付
与すべく研究を行なった結果、「原料粉末として用いら
れているSiCホイスカに、例えば空気中、300〜1000℃の
温度に30分〜５時間保持の条件で加熱酸化処理を施す
と、これに混在している遊離カーボンがCOやCO2となっ
て除去されて、SiCホイスカは活性化するようになり、
したがってこの酸化加熱処理されたSiCホイスカを原料
粉末として用いると共に、さらに窒化チタン（以下、Ti
Nで示す）を21〜30％の割合で含有させてアルミナ系切
削工具を製造すると、この結果のアルミナ系切削工具
は、前記の活性化したSiCホイスカとTiNの作用で」靱性
が著しく向上し、高靱性が要求されるフライス切削やな
らい切削などに用いた場合に、すぐれた耐欠損性を示
し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するようにな
るという研究結果を得たのである。Therefore, the present inventors have focused their attention on the above-mentioned conventional alumina-based cutting tool from the above-mentioned viewpoints, and as a result of research to impart high toughness to the cutting tool, "the SiC whiskers used as raw material powders" In addition, for example, when heat oxidization is performed in air at a temperature of 300 to 1000 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours, free carbon mixed therein is removed as CO and CO 2, and SiC Whiskers become activated,
Therefore, the SiC whiskers that have been subjected to the oxidative heat treatment are used as the raw material powder, and the titanium nitride (hereinafter referred to as Ti
(Denoted by N) in a proportion of 21 to 30% to produce an alumina-based cutting tool, the resulting alumina-based cutting tool has a significantly improved toughness due to the action of the activated SiC whiskers and TiN. The research results show that when used in milling and profile cutting, which require high toughness, they exhibit excellent fracture resistance and exhibit excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.
この発明は、上記の研究結果にもとづいてなされたも
のであって、 11〜100μｍの平均長さを有する加熱酸化処理されたSiC
ホイスカ:10〜29％、 TiN:21〜30％、 Y2O3:0.1〜３％、 を含有し、残りがAl2O3と不可避不純物からなる組成を
有するアルミナ基セラミックスで構成してなる、高靱性
を有するアルミナ系切削工具に特徴を有するものであ
る。The present invention was made based on the above research results, and has been characterized by the fact that heat-oxidized SiC having an average length of 11 to 100 μm is used.
Whiskers: 10~29%, TiN: 21~30% , Y 2 O 3: 0.1~3%, containing, consisting constituted by alumina-based ceramics having a composition the remainder of Al 2 O 3 and inevitable impurities It is characterized by an alumina-based cutting tool having high toughness.
つぎに、この発明のアルミナ系切削工具を構成するア
ルミナ基セラミックスの組成を上記の通りに限定した理
由を説明する。Next, the reason why the composition of the alumina-based ceramics constituting the alumina-based cutting tool of the present invention is limited as described above will be explained.
（ａ） SiCホイスカ SiCホイスカには、原料粉末として加熱酸化処理した
状態で用いることによりアルミナ系切削工具の硬さと強
度を向上させる作用があるが、その含有割合が10％未満
では、前記作用に所望の効果が得られず、一方その含有
割合が29％を越えると、焼結性に低下傾向が現われ、強
度が低下するようになることから、その含有割合を10〜
29％と定めた。(A) SiC whiskers SiC whiskers have the effect of improving the hardness and strength of an alumina-based cutting tool when used as a raw material powder in a state of being heated and oxidized. If the desired effect cannot be obtained and the content ratio exceeds 29%, the sinterability tends to decrease, and the strength decreases.
29%.
なお、その平均長さを11〜100μｍとしたのは、その
平均長さが11μｍ未満では、繊維強化型による所望の強
度向上が得られず、一方その平均長さが100μｍを越え
ると焼結性が低下し、強度が急激に低下するようになる
という理由によるものである。The average length is set to 11 to 100 μm because if the average length is less than 11 μm, the desired strength improvement due to the fiber reinforced type cannot be obtained, and if the average length exceeds 100 μm, the sinterability is increased. Is decreased, and the strength is rapidly decreased.
（ｂ） TiN TiNは、TiとＮが1:1の割合よりもずれた、活性の高い
TiN0.5〜TiN0.98の形で存在し、このように化学量論的
な割合からずれたTiN対Ｎ比の状態にあるTiNが、焼結時
にSiCホイスカおよびAl2O3間で活発に反応し、これらと
強固に結合し、靱性を著しく向上させる作用があるが、
その含有割合が21％未満では所望の高靱性を確保するこ
とができず、一方その含有割合が30％を越えると耐摩耗
性が低下するようになることから、その含有割合を21〜
30％と定めた。(B) TiN TiN is highly active with Ti and N deviated from the ratio of 1: 1.
TiN, which exists in the form of TiN 0.5 to TiN 0.98 and has a TiN to N ratio deviated from the stoichiometric ratio, actively reacts between the SiC whiskers and Al 2 O 3 during sintering. , Has the effect of strongly bonding to these and significantly improving toughness,
If the content ratio is less than 21%, the desired high toughness cannot be ensured, while if the content ratio exceeds 30%, the wear resistance tends to decrease.
It was set at 30%.
（ｃ） Y2O3 Y2O3には、TiNとの共存において、一段と焼結性を向
上させ、SiCホイスカおよびAl2O3による強度および硬さ
（耐摩耗性）の向上、並びにTiNによる靱性向上を促進
する作用があるが、その含有割合が0.1％未満では前記
作用に所望の効果が得られず、一方その含有割合が３％
を越えると耐摩耗性が低下するようになることから、そ
の含有割合を0.1〜３％と定めた。(C) Y 2 O 3 Y 2 O 3 further improves the sinterability in the coexistence with TiN, improves the strength and hardness (wear resistance) of SiC whiskers and Al 2 O 3 , and improves the TiN content. Has the effect of promoting toughness improvement, but if its content is less than 0.1%, the desired effect cannot be obtained on the other hand, while its content is 3%.
If it exceeds, the wear resistance will decrease, so the content ratio was set to 0.1 to 3%.
なお、この発明のアルミナ系切削工具は、原料粉末と
して、30〜500μｍの平均長さ（この場合、500μｍ以下
のSiCホイスカは混合時および焼結時に壊れて焼結後の
セラミックス中には100μｍ以下の平均長さで存在する
ようになる）を有し、かつ混在する遊離カーボンをCOや
CO2として除去して活性化する目的で、空気中、300〜10
00℃の温度に30分〜５時間保持の条件で加熱酸化処理し
たSiCホイスカ、0.2〜２μｍの平均粒径を有するAl2O3
粉末、TiN粉末、およびY2O3粉末を用意し、これらの原
料粉末を、 SiCホイスカ:10〜29％、 TiN:21〜30％、 Y2O3:0.1〜３％、 Al2O3：残り、 からなる配合組成に配合し、まずSiCホイスカを除く原
料粉末を、例えばボールミルなどを用いて十分に混合し
た後に、SiCホイスカを加え、これ壊さないように、例
えばロータリ式回転機により混合し、この混合粉末を圧
粉末にプレス成形し、この圧粉体あるいは上記混合粉末
に直接、真空中あるいは不活性ガス雰囲気中、温度:165
0〜1850℃、圧力:1〜5kg/mm2、保持時間:30分〜３時間
の条件でホットプレスを施すか、あるいは上記圧粉体
に、真空中、1650〜1850℃の温度に30分〜３時間補助の
条件での真空焼結と、不活性ガス雰囲気中、温度:1650
〜1850℃、圧力:1000〜2000気圧の条件での熱間静水圧
プレス（HIP）を施すことにより製造するのが望まし
い。The alumina-based cutting tool of the present invention has an average length of 30 to 500 μm (in this case, a SiC whisker of 500 μm or less is broken during mixing and sintering and 100 μm or less in the ceramic after sintering). To be present at an average length of
To remove CO 2 and activate it, in air,
SiC whiskers heat-oxidized at a temperature of 00 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours, Al 2 O 3 having an average particle size of 0.2 to 2 μm
Prepare powder, TiN powder, and Y 2 O 3 powder, and use these raw material powders as SiC whiskers: 10 to 29%, TiN: 21 to 30%, Y 2 O 3 : 0.1 to 3%, Al 2 O 3 : The rest is blended to a blending composition consisting of, and first, the raw material powders excluding the SiC whiskers are thoroughly mixed using, for example, a ball mill, and then the SiC whiskers are added, and mixed by, for example, a rotary rotary machine so as not to break it. Then, the mixed powder is press-molded into a compressed powder, and the compressed powder or the mixed powder is directly heated in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 165.
0 to 1850 ℃, pressure: 1 to 5 kg / mm 2 , holding time: 30 minutes to 3 hours, or hot pressing, or the above powder compact in vacuum at a temperature of 1650 to 1850 ℃ for 30 minutes ~ 3 hours vacuum assisted sintering and inert gas atmosphere, temperature: 1650
It is desirable to manufacture by subjecting to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) under the conditions of ~ 1850 ° C and pressure: 1000-2000 atm.
つぎに、この発明のアルミナ系切削工具を実施例によ
り具体的に説明する。Next, the alumina-based cutting tool of the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples.
原料粉末として、30〜500μｍの範囲内の所定の平均
長さを有し、かつ大気中、300〜1000℃の範囲の所定温
度に30分〜５時間の範囲内の所定時間保持の条件で加熱
酸化処理を施した各種の本発明アルミナ系切削工具用Si
Cホイスカ並びに前記加熱酸化処理を施さない従来アル
ミナ系切削工具用SiCホイスカ、平均粒径:0.2μｍのAl2
O3粉末、同0.8μｍの各種のTiNx（x:0.5〜0.98）粉末、
および同1.5μｍのY2O3粉末を用意し、これらの原料粉
末を所定の配合組成に配合し、まず、Al2O3粉末とTiN粉
末とY2O3粉末をボールミルで72時間混合し、これをロー
タリ式回転機に移し、これにSiCホイスカを加えて30分
間混合し、1ton/cm2の圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、こ
の圧粉体に、 （ａ） Arガス雰囲気中、温度:1750℃、圧力:3kg/m
m2、時間:1時間の条件でのホットプレス、 （ｂ） 真空中、温度:1700℃、保持時間:10分の条件で
の真空焼結と、Arガス雰囲気中、温度:1730℃、圧力:15
00気圧、保持時間:40分の条件でのHIP、上記（ａ）また
は（ｂ）の条件での焼結を行なうことにより、それぞれ
第1,2表に示される平均長さのSiCで構成され、かつ組成
を有するアルミナ基セラミック スからなり、いずれもISO規格SNGN120408のチップ形状
をもった本発明アルミナ系切削工具（以下、本発明切削
工具という）１〜９および従来アルミナ系切削工具（以
下、従来切削工具という）１〜９をそれぞれ製造した。As a raw material powder, it has a predetermined average length within the range of 30 to 500 μm and is heated in the atmosphere at a predetermined temperature within the range of 300 to 1000 ° C. for a predetermined time within the range of 30 minutes to 5 hours. Various types of Si for alumina cutting tools of the present invention that have been subjected to oxidation treatment
C whiskers and SiC whiskers for conventional alumina-based cutting tools that are not subjected to the above-mentioned thermal oxidation treatment, Al 2 with an average particle size of 0.2 μm
O 3 powder, various TiN x (x: 0.5-0.98) powder of 0.8 μm,
And 1.5 μm Y 2 O 3 powder are prepared, and these raw material powders are blended into a predetermined blending composition. First, Al 2 O 3 powder, TiN powder and Y 2 O 3 powder are mixed in a ball mill for 72 hours. Then, this was transferred to a rotary type rotating machine, SiC whiskers were added to it, mixed for 30 minutes, and press-formed into a green compact at a pressure of 1 ton / cm 2 , and (a) in an Ar gas atmosphere. , Temperature: 1750 ℃, pressure: 3kg / m
m 2, time: hot pressing under the conditions of 1 hour, (b) in vacuum, temperature: 1700 ° C., holding time: the vacuum sintering at the 10 minute conditions, in an Ar gas atmosphere at a temperature: 1730 ° C., the pressure : 15
HIP under the conditions of 00 atm and holding time: 40 minutes, and by sintering under the conditions of (a) or (b) above, each was composed of SiC of the average length shown in Tables 1 and 2. And ceramics having a composition The present invention alumina-based cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as the present invention cutting tool) 1 to 9 and the conventional alumina-based cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as the conventional cutting tool) 1 to 9 each having an ISO standard SNGN120408 chip shape. Were manufactured respectively.
ついで、この結果得られた各種の切削工具について、
ロックウェル硬さ（Ａスケール）および杭折力を測定
し、さらに、 被削材:FC25の角材、 切削速度:320m/min、 一刃当りの送り:0.16mm/刃、 切込み:1mm、 切削時間:10分、 の条件での鋳鉄角材の単刃によるフライス切削試験を行
ない、切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定した。これらの測定結
果を第1,2表に示した。Then, regarding the various cutting tools obtained as a result,
Measures Rockwell hardness (A scale) and pile breaking force. Work material: FC25 square material, Cutting speed: 320m / min, Feed per blade: 0.16mm / blade, Depth of cut: 1mm, Cutting time A milling cutting test was carried out with a single blade of cast iron square bar under the condition of: 10 minutes, and the flank wear width of the cutting edge was measured. The results of these measurements are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
〔発明の効果〕 第1,2表に示される結果から、本発明切削工具１〜９
は、いずれも高靱性を示し、高靱性を必要とするフライ
ス切削で、切刃に欠損の発生なく、すぐれた耐摩耗性を
発揮するのに対して、従来切削工具１〜９においては、
靱性不足が原因で切刃に欠損が発生し、これが原因で比
較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。[Effects of the Invention] From the results shown in Tables 1 and 2, the cutting tools 1 to 9 of the present invention
Shows high toughness, and in milling cutting that requires high toughness, it exhibits excellent wear resistance without the occurrence of defects in the cutting edge, whereas in the conventional cutting tools 1 to 9,
It is clear that due to lack of toughness, the cutting edge is chipped, which leads to a relatively short service life.
上述のように、この発明のアルミナ系切削工具は、高
硬度と高強度を有し、さらに一段とすぐれた靱性を有す
るので、連続切削は勿論のこと、フライス切削やならい
切削などに用いてもすぐれた耐欠損性を示し、長期に亘
ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するのである。As described above, since the alumina-based cutting tool of the present invention has high hardness and high strength and further has excellent toughness, it is excellent not only in continuous cutting but also in milling cutting and profile cutting. It also exhibits chipping resistance and exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.
Claims (1)
処理された炭化けい素ホイスカ:10〜29％、 窒化チタン:21〜30％、 酸化イットリウム:0.1〜３％、 を含有し、残りが酸化アルミニウムと不可避不純物から
なる組成（以上容量％）を有するアルミナ基セラミック
スで構成したことを特徴とする高靱性を有するアルミナ
基セラミックス製切削工具。1. A heat-oxidized silicon carbide whisker having an average length of 11 to 100 μm: 10 to 29%, titanium nitride: 21 to 30%, yttrium oxide: 0.1 to 3%, and the rest. A cutting tool made of alumina-based ceramics having high toughness, characterized in that the cutting tool is made of alumina-based ceramics having a composition of aluminum oxide and unavoidable impurities (volume% or more).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61246186A JPH0832584B2 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Alumina-based ceramic cutting tool with high toughness |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61246186A JPH0832584B2 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Alumina-based ceramic cutting tool with high toughness |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63100055A JPS63100055A (en) | 1988-05-02 |
| JPH0832584B2 true JPH0832584B2 (en) | 1996-03-29 |
Family
ID=17144793
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61246186A Expired - Lifetime JPH0832584B2 (en) | 1986-10-16 | 1986-10-16 | Alumina-based ceramic cutting tool with high toughness |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0832584B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6433069A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1989-02-02 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Shaft shaped ceramic cutting tool |
| ES2099429T3 (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1997-05-16 | Advanced Composite Materials | PRESSURE-FREE SINTERING OF MATERIALS COMPOSED OF ALUMINA REINFORCED WITH MONOCRISTALS. |
| US5656217A (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1997-08-12 | Advanced Composite Materials Corporation | Pressureless sintering of whisker reinforced alumina composites |
| US20040009112A1 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-15 | Advanced Composite Materials Corporation | Silicon carbide fibers essentially devoid of whiskers and method for preparation thereof |
| US20070235450A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-11 | Advanced Composite Materials Corporation | Composite materials and devices comprising single crystal silicon carbide heated by electromagnetic radiation |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62235266A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-10-15 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Fiber reinforced composite material for tool |
-
1986
- 1986-10-16 JP JP61246186A patent/JPH0832584B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63100055A (en) | 1988-05-02 |
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