JPH08297489A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a keyboard device by which musical tone control signals excluding the influence of the vibration by the disturbance not intended by a player are obtd. as the keyboard device which is composed of keyboard parts movably relative to a musical instrument body and generates the musical tone control signals in accordance with the detection results of the moving quantity thereof. CONSTITUTION: This electronic musical instrument includes a keyboard 2 which is supported displaceably relative to the musical instrument body 1, first elastic member 3 which are elastically deformed according to the displacement of the keyboard 2, a first sensor 6-1 which detects the displacement of the first elastic members 3 and musical tone control means 8, 9 which control the musical tones according to the detection outputs of the first sensor 6-1. The musical instrument body 1 is provided with a mass body 4 via second elastic members 5 and is provided with a second sensor 6-2 which detects the displacement of these second elastic members 5. The second sensor 6-2 is connected together with the first sensor 6-1 to the musical tone control means 8.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to improvement of a tone control mechanism having a swingable keyboard.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an electronic keyboard instrument, the keyboard is constructed to be movable laterally (left and right direction, that is, the direction in which keys are arranged) with respect to the main body of the musical instrument in order to enhance the expressiveness of performance. After the key stroke, the keyboard is moved laterally or vibrated to detect the amount of movement (displacement amount),
Techniques have been developed for controlling the timbre, volume, pitch or various tones such as reverb, pan, vibrato, etc. according to the detection result to broaden the range of performance and enhance expressiveness.

A conventional laterally movable keyboard structure is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 5-90592. In the keyboard structure disclosed in this publication, a key guide member for connecting each key is configured to be movable as a whole with respect to a key frame fixed to a musical instrument body side, and a space between the key guide member and the key frame is formed. Is provided with a detecting means composed of a pressure sensitive sensor for detecting the moving amount and moving speed of the key guide member, and the entire key guide member is moved with respect to the key frame by laterally pressing each key to detect the detecting means. Describes the configuration of a musical tone control mechanism that detects the amount of movement.

[0004]

However, in the keyboard structure according to the above-mentioned prior art, when an external impact or the like acts on the instrument body, the instrument body vibrates and the detection means of the tone control mechanism operates. And transmits a detection signal, and the musical sound changes based on this detection signal. As a result, musical tone control not intended by the player is performed.

In order to prevent such a problem, the weight of the musical instrument body is made extremely large so that the musical instrument body does not vibrate due to impact or the like, or the musical instrument body such as a key or a key guide member is moved. It is necessary to make the mass of what is possible to be very small so that the disturbance vibration hardly influences the calculation result.

However, it is possible to make the weight of the musical instrument body so heavy that disturbance vibration does not occur, but it is difficult for a large-scale stationary instrument such as a synthesizer to carry it. In general, the keyboard stand of an electronic keyboard instrument is not so stiff in a standing state, but it sways when a strong external force is applied, and shock vibration due to disturbance is unavoidable. Moreover, in the shoulder keyboard, it is almost impossible to prevent the disturbance vibration which causes the detection means to malfunction because the main body of the musical instrument is always considered to be in a vibrating state.

Further, it is not preferable to reduce the mass of the key, the key guide member, etc., because the strength is structurally weakened and the structure is complicated if the strength is increased. Furthermore, in order to improve the reliability of the detection results, it is better that the mass of the movable member such as the key or the key guide member is large, and the mass should be extremely small even considering the added value of the product due to the weight feeling of the musical instrument. Is not preferable.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and is a keyboard device which is constructed such that the keyboard portion is movable with respect to the main body of the musical instrument and generates a tone control signal based on the detection result of the movement amount. In the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a keyboard device capable of obtaining a musical tone control signal without the influence of vibration due to a disturbance not intended by the player.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 1, a keyboard supported so as to be displaceable with respect to the musical instrument body, and a first elastically deformable according to the displacement of the keyboard. An elastic member, a first sensor for detecting a displacement of the keyboard with respect to the musical instrument body or a displacement of the first elastic member, and a musical sound control means for controlling a musical sound according to a detection output of the first sensor (for example, In an electronic musical instrument including an arithmetic circuit and a memory storing data necessary for arithmetic, etc., a mass body is provided in the musical instrument body via a second elastic member, and the displacement of the mass body to the musical instrument body or A second sensor for detecting the displacement of the second elastic member is provided,
There is provided an electronic musical instrument characterized in that the second sensor is connected to the musical tone control means together with the first sensor.

In the invention according to claim 2, the first
Further, a damping damper is provided for each of the second elastic member and the second elastic member.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, the natural frequency of the keyboard coincides with the natural frequency of the mass body, and the musical sound control means produces disturbance vibration to the keyboard based on the output of the second sensor. Is calculated, and the tone vibration control signal is generated by correcting the disturbance vibration component from the output of the first sensor due to keyboard movement.

[0012]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when a shock or the like is applied to the body of the musical instrument due to a disturbance, the body of the musical instrument vibrates, the keyboard vibrates, the first elastic member vibrates, and the mass body vibrates. The elastic member 2 vibrates. The displacement of the keyboard with respect to the instrument body or the vibration of the first elastic member is detected by the first sensor and input to the musical sound control means, and the displacement of the mass body with respect to the instrument body or the vibration of the second elastic member is detected by the second sensor. And is similarly input to the musical tone control means. Thus, the musical sound control means calculates the disturbance vibration based on the signal from the second sensor, and based on the disturbance vibration and the signal from the first sensor for detecting the movement originally intended by the player. A tone control signal can be generated.

According to the invention of claim 2, a damper for braking is provided for each elastic member. By the action of this damper, the elastic member can be returned in the state of over-braking to suppress the vibration. This simplifies the vibration displacement curve (graph of the return displacement of the elastic member with respect to time) indicating the motion characteristics of the elastic member, and simplifies the calculation based on the sensor output. In addition, when performing different tone control for displacement in the left-right direction, or when making left-right displacement correspond to vibrato control, etc., the elastic member does not vibrate and returns in an over-braked state. It is possible to reliably detect the will of the performer.

According to the third aspect of the invention, since the keyboard and the mass body connected to the first and second elastic members have the same natural frequency, the vibration due to the disturbance is generated in both the first and second elastic members. It can be regarded as a sine wave having the same phase and the same period, and the disturbance vibration can be easily corrected based on the detection output of the first elastic member and the detection output of the second elastic member.

[0015]

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a musical tone control mechanism of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. A keyboard 2 is attached to a musical instrument body 1 so as to be swingable in a lateral direction (a direction in which keys are arranged, that is, a horizontal direction in the drawing). A first elastic member 3 is mounted between the musical instrument body 1 and the keyboard 2. Within the range of elastic deformation of the first elastic member 3, the keyboard 2 swings (vibrates) laterally with respect to the musical instrument body 1 as indicated by arrow A. Further, the mass body 4 is attached to the musical instrument body 1 via the second elastic member 5. Like the keyboard 2, the mass body 4 is also swingable laterally within the elastic deformation range of the second elastic member 5 as indicated by arrow A.

The elastic displacement a of the first elastic member 3 is, for example, a strain sensor attached to the member 3 or a first optical sensor or the like as shown in FIG. It is detected by the displacement sensor 6-1. The elastic displacement b of the second elastic member 5 is detected by a second displacement sensor 6-2 having the same structure as the first displacement sensor 6-1. First displacement sensor 6-1
Is connected to the calculation unit 8 via the A / D converter 7-1, and the displacement detection amount of the first elastic member 3 is calculated as the S1 signal by the calculation unit 8
Is input to Similarly, the second displacement sensor 6-2 is A /
The displacement detection amount of the second elastic member 5 is connected to the calculation unit 8 via the D converter 7-2, and is input to the calculation unit 8 as an S2 signal. Further, pitch data from the keyboard is input to the arithmetic unit 8 via a line L. The arithmetic unit 8 is connected to a parameter table memory group 9 including a ROM that stores data necessary for controlling various musical tones. The parameter table memory group 9 stores a conversion table for the detection data corresponding to the musical sound to be controlled and mathematical expressions and coefficients for arithmetic processing according to the control conditions. The arithmetic unit 8 reads out necessary data from the parameter table memory group 9 and removes the influence of disturbance vibration based on the S1 signal, the S2 signal and the pitch data, as described later, and controls the musical tone according to the player's will. Combine signals. Therefore, the arithmetic unit 8 and the parameter table memory group 9 constitute the musical sound control means in claim 1. The tone control signal generated by the tone control means is input to the tone generator circuit 10 and output as voice from the voice circuit 11 such as a speaker.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another structural example of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. The key 26 can be swung in the vertical direction (up and down direction) along the key guide 28 as shown by an arrow B, and a player performs a key-depressing performance operation. A key guide 28 that engages with each key 26 is fixed to the keyboard frame 24. The keyboard frame 24 is connected to the shelf plate 20 which is the main body of the musical instrument via a first plate spring 22 which is elastically deformable in the lateral direction (arrow A direction). Therefore, the keyboard frame 24 can swing as shown by an arrow A within the elastic deformation range of the first plate spring 22. Therefore, the player elastically deforms the first leaf spring 22 by swinging the keyboard 26 in the lateral direction as shown by the arrow C (including the case of urging in one direction or alternately vibrating in both directions). Then, it can be swung as indicated by arrow A. The first leaf springs 22 are provided on the left and right ends of the keyboard frame 24.

A rigid body 30 is fixed on the shelf plate 20 so as to face the first plate spring 22 (only one plate spring is required). A leaf spring 22 is provided between the first leaf spring 22 and the rigid body 30.
An optical sensor 32 for detecting the displacement (distance) between the rigid body 30 and the leaf spring 22 by elastic deformation of the damper 34 and the leaf spring 22 for damping the movement of the elastic deformation of the leaf spring 22 is provided. As the sensor 32, for example, a reflection type sensor as illustrated is used. This reflective sensor
A light emitting element 32b and a light receiving element 32c are provided in a case 32a made of an elastic material, and a white reflecting surface 3 is provided on the inner surface of the case.
2d is formed to accommodate the case 3 in accordance with elastic deformation of the leaf spring 22.
The amount of displacement of the leaf spring 22 is detected by elastically deforming 2a to displace the reflecting surface 32d in the case 32a and change the amount of received light. The reflective sensor may have a shape similar to that of the movable portion of the key switch, which has a case shape in the shape of a bowl.

A second leaf spring 38 is further mounted on the shelf board 20 so as to be elastically deformed in the lateral direction like the first leaf spring 22. A mass body 36 having a predetermined mass is supported on the upper end of the second leaf spring 38. A rigid body 40 is fixed on the shelf plate 20 so as to face the second leaf spring 38, as in the case of the first leaf spring 22, and a damper 42 is provided between the rigid body 40 and the second leaf spring 38. And the optical sensor 44 is mounted. The configurations and operations of the damper 42 and the sensor 44 are similar to those of the damper 34 and the sensor 32 provided corresponding to the above-described first leaf spring 22.

FIG. 3 is a diagram modeling the above embodiment. The operation of the keyboard device according to the above embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.

The keyboard 2 in FIG. 1 (corresponding to the key 26, the key guide 26 and the keyboard frame 24 in FIG. 2) is represented as a mass body having a mass M1 in FIG. 3, and the first elastic member 3 (FIG. 2).
Then, the spring constant of (corresponding to the first leaf spring 22) is represented by K1. The keyboard 2 and the first elastic member 3 constitute a first system X1 for controlling a musical sound by a player's operation.

Similarly, the mass body 4 shown in FIG.
The mass of 6) is represented by M2 in FIG. 3, and the spring constant of the second elastic member 5 (corresponding to the second leaf spring 38 in FIG. 2) is represented by K2. The mass system 4 and the second elastic member 5 are used to remove the second system X for removing the disturbance vibration.
2 is configured. Both the first system X1 and the second system X2 are provided on the same musical instrument body 1 (corresponding to the shelf board 20 in FIG. 2).

In this case, the mass M2 and the spring constant K2 of the second system X2 are K1 for each of the first system X1.
It is set so that / M1 = K2 / M2. As a result, the intrinsic angular frequency of each system X1 and X2 is ω =
(K1 / M1) ^1/2 = (K2 / M2) ^1/2 , and both are equal.

When controlling musical tones by playing operations,
For example, the key 26 (FIG. 2) is laterally swayed with respect to the stationary instrument body as indicated by arrow C. As a result, the first leaf spring 22 (first elastic member 3 (FIG. 1)) swings as indicated by arrow A, and this elastic displacement is detected by the sensor 32 (first displacement sensor 6-1 (FIG. 1)). To detect. The detected displacement amount signal is input to the calculation unit 8 as a digital S1 signal (FIG. 1). At this time, since the mass body 4 (36) is kept stationary, the second elastic member 5 (second leaf spring 38) does not swing and displacement is not detected. Therefore, the S2 signal in FIG. 1 is zero, and the arithmetic unit 8 creates the tone control signal only by the S1 signal based on the player's intention and inputs it to the sound source.

On the other hand, when a disturbance such as impact acts on the instrument body, that is, when a disturbance force F acts on the instrument body 1 in FIG. 3, the instrument body 1 (20) vibrates and the first system X1
Keyboard 2 (24, 26, 28) vibrates and the second
The mass body 4 (36) of the system X2 of (3) vibrates. Therefore, the first
Second with the detection signal S1 from the displacement sensor 6-1 of
Second elastic member 5 (38) by the displacement sensor 6-2 of
The displacement detection signal S2 of is input to the calculation unit 8. here,
As described above, since the natural frequencies of the first system X1 and the second system X2 are the same, both the S1 signal and the S2 signal can be regarded as sine waves having the same phase and the same period. Therefore, if the tone control signal is a function S (t) of time t, then S (t)
= S1 (t) -G * S2 (t) (G is a constant). Therefore, when disturbance vibration is applied during the performance operation, the signal S1 of the first system X1 related to the performance operation is used by the operation unit 8 by using G read from the parameter table memory group 9 according to the control condition. Therefore, the component of the signal S2 of the second system X2 relating to the disturbance vibration can be removed to create a tone control signal that accurately corresponds to the control operation by the performer's intention.

In order to detect the disturbance vibration more accurately, a plurality of systems for eliminating the disturbance vibration (for example, X,
May be provided) (for each of the Y and Z directions).

Further, the sensor of the elastic member in each system is not limited to an optical sensor, but a sensor for detecting force such as a pressure sensitive sensor, a sensor for detecting two-make type speed, a resistance change detecting sensor such as a strain gauge, or the like. It may be a suitable position detection sensor. In any of the sensors, the detection is substantially performed based on the displacement of the elastic member.

Next, each system X1 and X in the above embodiment
The operation of the damper provided in 2 will be described. By providing a damper, the system has a resistance proportional to the speed. The force when a mass point (mass m) on the x-axis is pulled back to the origin is -kx, and the resistance proportional to the velocity is -λx '.
Is. Therefore, the equation of motion is expressed as mx ″ = − kx−λx ′. Here, if the resistance (−λx ′) is not too large, it can be regarded as a simple equation of damping oscillation, so the damping ratios in each system X1 and X2 are matched. The calculation for removing the disturbance vibration becomes possible only by itself.

On the other hand, when the musical tone control operation is performed by actually mounting each system on a musical instrument, there are cases where an over-braking state in which damping is performed without vibration is preferable. That is, when a performance operator (for example, each key on the keyboard) is pressed and left at an arbitrary position, it may be returned to a physically neutral position by the time the operator is next used. desirable. in this case,
It is desirable that the return operation is quick and does not vibrate. This is to detect the key that has not returned to the neutral position when detecting the pressing force of the key in the left and right direction and using it for vibrato control, or when controlling different musical sounds for each of the left and right directions. This is to eliminate the possibility that an error signal will be generated.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the returning operation of the performance operator. (A) is a graph showing damped vibrations and not including a damper. The three graphs (B), (C), and (D) show the damping operation of over-braking when a damper is provided, which is an aperiodic motion that is substantially free of vibration. In the case of such over-braking, the motion characteristics can be matched by mechanically matching the configurations of the systems X1 and X2, and the arithmetic processing can be performed by a simple difference formula. Also, because the neutral return by braking is performed quickly,
It becomes possible to perform without disturbing the musical sound when a sudden impact is applied.

Hereinafter, an example of arithmetic processing for creating a tone control signal will be further described.

The above-mentioned tone control signal is S, the signal obtained by A / D conversion from the first system X1 is S1, and the signal obtained from the second system X2 is A / D.
If the converted signal is S2, S by the composite operation is S = f (S1, S2). A more specific example showing the signal S will be described below.

As described above as the first example, S = S1−
There is GS2 (G is a constant). In this case, when the disturbance vibration acts, the natural frequency and the phase of each system match, but the amplitude of each system differs. Therefore, the constant G is adjusted so that G = 0 so that S = 0 when disturbance vibration acts.
Set. By presetting such G and storing it in a memory and performing arithmetic processing based on it, it is possible to prevent a musical tone control signal from being erroneously generated when a disturbance vibration acts, and also during musical tone control operation. When disturbance vibration is applied, this disturbance vibration component can be removed to control the musical sound based only on the player's will.

As a second example, the equation expressed by S = aS1-bS2 can be used by using the preset parameters a and b. In this formula,
By properly setting the values of a and b, it is possible to obtain tone control signals having various control characteristics as shown in the following example.

(I) If a = 1 and b = 0, the signal from the second system X2 is ignored and the same operation as the conventional musical instrument is achieved.

(Ii) If a = 0 and b <0, the signal from the first system X1 is ignored and the musical tone is controlled only by the signal from the second system X2. As a result, the control characteristic can be such that the musical sound does not change by the rocking operation of the keyboard, but the musical sound changes by intentionally shaking the instrument body.

(Iii) If a> 0 and b <0, the first
Since the signals from both the first and second systems X1 and X2 are added together, the musical sound can be changed by the lateral rocking operation of the keyboard, and the musical sound can be changed even when the instrument body is laterally rocked. be able to.

When a = 1 and b = G, the above-mentioned first
It will be the same as the example.

[0039]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the invention, when a shock or the like due to a disturbance is applied to the instrument body,
The musical instrument body vibrates, the keyboard vibrates, the first elastic member vibrates, the mass body vibrates, the second elastic member vibrates, and the vibration of the first elastic member is detected by the first sensor to generate a musical sound. Since the vibration of the second elastic member is input to the control means and detected by the second sensor and is also input to the musical sound control means, the musical sound control means calculates the disturbance vibration based on the signal from the second sensor. However, the disturbance vibration component can be corrected or removed based on the disturbance vibration and the signal from the first sensor for detecting the movement originally intended by the player to generate the tone control signal. This prevents erroneous generation of a musical tone control signal when a disturbance vibration acts, and when a disturbance vibration is applied during a musical tone control operation, this disturbance vibration component is removed and only the player's will does. Based on this, the musical sound can be controlled.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a damper for braking is provided for each elastic member, and the vibration of the elastic member can be suppressed by returning the elastic member in the overbraked state by the action of this damper. The vibration displacement curve showing the motion characteristics of the elastic member becomes simple and the calculation based on the sensor output becomes easy. Also, when performing different musical tone control for displacement in the left-right direction, or when making left-right displacement correspond to vibrato, the elastic member does not vibrate and returns in an over-braked state. It becomes possible to reliably detect the will of.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the natural frequencies of the keyboard and the mass body connected to the first and second elastic members are equal, vibration due to disturbance is generated in both the first and second elastic members. It can be regarded as a sine wave having the same phase and the same period, and the disturbance vibration can be easily corrected based on the detection output of the first elastic member and the detection output of the second elastic member.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a main configuration of a keyboard device and a block circuit of a tone control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a main part configuration diagram showing a more specific configuration of the keyboard device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram in which each component of the keyboard device according to the embodiment of the present invention is modeled and displayed.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of a damping curve of a braking damper of a keyboard device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Instrument main body, 2: Keyboard, 3: First elastic member, 4: Mass body, 5: Second elastic member, 6-1: First displacement sensor, 6-2: Second displacement sensor, 7-1, 7-2: A
/ D converter, 8: arithmetic unit, 9: parameter table memory group, 10: sound source, 20: shelf plate (instrument body), 22: first leaf spring, 24: keyboard frame, 26: key, 28: key Guide, 30: rigid body, 32: optical sensor, 34: damper, 36: mass body, 38: second leaf spring, 40: rigid body, 42: damper, 44: optical sensor.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A keyboard that is displaceably supported with respect to a musical instrument body, a first elastic member that elastically deforms according to the displacement of the keyboard, and a displacement of the keyboard with respect to the musical instrument body or the first elastic member. An electronic musical instrument comprising a first sensor for detecting the displacement of the musical instrument and a musical tone control means for controlling a musical tone in accordance with the detection output of the first sensor, wherein a mass body is provided in the musical instrument body via a second elastic member. Is provided
A second sensor for detecting a displacement of the mass body on the musical instrument body or a displacement of the second elastic member is provided.
An electronic musical instrument characterized in that the second sensor is connected to the musical tone control means together with the first sensor. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein a damping damper is provided for each of the first and second elastic members. 3. The natural frequency of the keyboard coincides with the natural frequency of the mass body, and the musical tone control means calculates a disturbance vibration for the keyboard based on the output of the second sensor, and the first vibration The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the musical instrument control signal is generated by correcting the disturbance vibration component from the output of the sensor.