JP2580817B2 - Music control device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a musical tone control device suitable for enhancing the performance expression of sustained musical tones such as bowed musical instruments and wind instruments.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides an operation element that can be moved, detects operation information corresponding to an operation position or an amount of displacement along a moving direction of the operation element, converts the operation information into speed information, Thus, various expressions can be added to sustained musical tones such as bowed musical instruments by controlling the musical tone characteristics in accordance with.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an electronic musical instrument capable of controlling tone characteristics such as tone and volume in accordance with an operation speed, an operation pressure, and the like, a key press speed on a keyboard is detected to control a rising waveform of a tone. There is known an apparatus which detects a key pressing pressure during key pressing to control a continuous waveform of a musical tone.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Generally, a bowed instrument such as a violin, a cello, a viola or the like can be operated in two directions of pulling and pushing a bow, and is controlled by a bow speed, a bow pressure and the like for each direction. The rise of the music,
Various expressions can be added to the duration, fall, etc.

On the other hand, in the above-described conventional electronic musical instrument, the key pressing speed is detected by measuring a contact transition time of a switch linked to a key, and therefore, one speed information is provided for each key pressing operation. It is not possible to perform tone control according to the speed change during the operation as in the case of the bow operation only by obtaining the tone. Further, since the movable range of the key is narrow, the range of speeds that can be specified by pressing the key is also narrow, and an arbitrary speed cannot be specified in a wide range as in the case of a bow operation.

In addition, in the above-described conventional electronic musical instrument, the key-pressing speed and the key-pressing pressure during key-depression are reflected in the musical tone, but the key operation speed during the key-depression is not reflected in the musical tone. Therefore, as in the case of the bow operation, the performance cannot be expressed by a combination of pressure and speed, such as changing the speed at a constant pressure or changing the pressure at a constant speed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to make it possible to express a sustained musical tone expressively.

[Means for Solving the Problems] (a) An operation element that can be moved (FIG. 15A), and (b) Operation position information and a displacement amount corresponding to an operation position along the movement direction of this operation element. Detecting means [FIGS. 15 and 16 and FIGS. 14 and 15] for detecting displacement amount information in accordance with (c) operating position information and displacement amount information from the detecting means as speed information for musical sound control, respectively. A conversion unit having first and second memories to be converted and a selection unit for arbitrarily selecting the first or second mode, wherein when the first mode is selected by the selection unit, Transmitting speed information for tone control from the first memory, and transmitting speed information for tone control from the second memory when the second mode is selected by the selecting means [ Fifteenth
FIGS. 18, 20, 110, 112], (d) pitch designation means [FIG. 15] for designating the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and (e) a tone designated by this pitch designation means. (F) a tone generating means for generating a tone signal having a height (FIG. 15); and (f) converting the tone signal generating mode (for example, rising, sustaining, falling, etc.) generated by the tone generating means into the conversion means. Control means for controlling according to the speed information from FIG.
160].

In such a configuration, any of the following configurations (a) to (c) may be employed.

(A) pressure detecting means for detecting pressure information according to the operating pressure of the operating element, wherein the control means controls the tone signal according to speed information from the converting means and pressure information from the pressure detecting means; Is controlled.

(B) A pressing operation section is provided in a part of the operation element,
Pressure detecting means for detecting pressure information corresponding to the operation pressure at the pressing operation section is provided, and the control means detects the tone signal according to the speed information from the converting means and the pressure information from the pressure detecting means. Control the mode of occurrence.

(C) pressure specifying means for generating pressure information according to a movement in a direction different from the pressing direction and the moving direction of the operation element, wherein the control means controls the speed information from the conversion means and the pressure information from the pressure specifying means; The generation mode of the tone signal is controlled according to the pressure information.

[Operation] According to the configuration of the present invention, when the first mode is selected by the selection unit, the tone signal generation mode is controlled in accordance with the speed information corresponding to the operation position of the operating element, and the second mode is selected by the selection unit.
When the mode is selected, the tone signal generation mode is controlled according to the speed information corresponding to the displacement amount of the operation element. First
Alternatively, in any of the second modes, the operation position information or displacement amount information is converted into speed information for tone control by the memory, so that processing from operation to output of speed information is fast, and the response of the tone signal The generation mode can be controlled.

When the operator is moved reciprocally, for example, after selecting one of the first and second modes, the tone signal generation mode is controlled in both the reciprocating directions according to the speed information. In addition, since operation information corresponding to the operation position or displacement amount of the operation element is detected and converted to speed information,
The speed can be arbitrarily specified in a wide range. Therefore, for example, various performance expressions can be performed in a wide speed range by a reciprocating operation similar to a bow operation of a bowed musical instrument.

Further, when the tone signal generation mode is controlled in consideration of the pressure information according to the above-described configurations (a) to (c), more various performance expressions can be realized by a combination of pressure and speed.
In addition, in the case of adopting the above configuration (b) or (c), it is not necessary to worry about the pressing operation of the operation element itself, so that the pressure instruction operation becomes easy, and the performance expression using the pressure change frequently is performed. Becomes possible.

[Embodiment] Performance operation device (FIGS. 1 to 14) FIG. 1 shows an example of a performance operation device used in carrying out the present invention.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a flat plate-shaped pressure sensor 2 provided on the bottom surface of a box-shaped case 1 having an open top, and a slide resistor 3 overlapped with the pressure sensor 2 and housed in the case 1 so as to be vertically movable. It is. In the slide resistor 3, the knob 4 is connected to a slider (not shown) via a connecting rod 3A, and the knob is grasped and the slider is moved in the longitudinal direction of the resistor 3 (in the direction of the arrow x). Can be reciprocated along.

When a current is applied to the resistor 3 and a sliding operation is performed by the knob 4, a voltage signal V _PO corresponding to the operation position can be obtained from the pair of terminals 3a and 3b of the resistor 3. Further, the pair of terminals 2a and 2b of the pressure sensor 2 can be taken out voltage signal V _PR corresponding to operating pressure.

The pressure sensor 2 may be divided into a plurality of parts as shown as 2A and 2B in FIG. 2, and the output signals of the plurality of pressure sensors 2A and 2B may be averaged and used.

Further, the case 1, a plurality of inward projections as illustrated in FIG. 3 as P ₁ to P _4, smoothly so allow the pressure detected by reducing the contact area of the case 1 and the resistor 3 It may be. In FIG. 3, 3R indicates a region where the resistor 3 should overlap.

FIG. 4 shows a modification of the pressure detector, which is configured to enable uniform pressure application of the pressure sensor. That is, the lower projections Q _{1 to} Q ₃ are provided on the back surface of the slide resistor 3, and the resistor 3 is arranged on the pressure sensor 2 via the smoothing plate 5. In this way, even if the position of the knob 4 changes,
The pressure sensor 2 is uniformly pressurized via the smoothing plate 5, and pressure unevenness can be eliminated.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 4, elastic members such as springs S ₁ and S ₂ may be interposed between the smoothing plate 5 and the bottom surface of the case 1 as shown in FIG. In this case, no force is applied to the pressure sensor 2 unless a force is applied from above by hand,
The offset due to the weight of the slide resistor 3 can be eliminated. The direction in which the knob 4 is pressed (the direction of the arrow h)
You can afford to have a natural feeling of playing,
You can also get the feeling of pushing the strings with a bow.

FIG. 6 shows a modification of the resistor arrangement. In this example, elastic bodies E ₁ and E ₂ such as springs and sponges are provided on the back surface of the slide resistor 3 so that the knob 4 has a sufficient displacement in the pressing direction so that a natural playing feeling and pressing feeling similar to those described above can be obtained. Is obtained. In this case, pressure detection or pressure designation can be performed by a method described later with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 7 shows a modification of the connecting portion of the slide resistor 3. In this example, a spring SP is wound around a connecting rod 3A having a knob 4, and the connecting rod 3A is attached to a slider so as to be vertically movable within a certain range. Even in this case, the same natural playing feeling and pressing feeling as described with reference to FIG. 6 can be obtained. In this case, the pressure detection or pressure designation is the first
The processing may be performed by the method shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 2, or may be performed by the method shown in FIG. 8 to FIG.

FIG. 8 shows another example of the pressure detecting means.
In this example, the pressing member 4A is movably disposed in the hole on the side of the knob 4 so as not to be detached outward, and can be pressed in the hole via the pressing member 4A as shown in FIG. Thus, the pressure sensor 2 is provided. Note that such a pressure detecting section may be provided above the knob 4 as indicated by a broken line 4A '.

In such a configuration, when performing the sliding operation by gripping the knob 4, the pressing member 4A (or
By pressing 4A '), pressure information corresponding to a desired pressure can be extracted from the pressure sensor 2. In this case, the pressure detecting means as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 need not be provided.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the pressure specifying means. In this example, a knob 4 is provided for the connecting rod 3A of the slide resistor 3 so as to be freely angularly displaced as shown by an arrow S,
An angle detector 6 for detecting a displacement angle of the knob 4 from a reference position, and an angle-pressure converter 7 for converting displacement angle information from the angle detector into pressure information are provided. Pressure can be specified.

The pressure specifying means shown in FIGS.
Since the desired pressure can be specified independently of the operation of pressing, it is convenient to slightly change the pressure during the sliding operation.

FIG. 11 shows another example of the performance operation device.
In this example, the connecting rod 3A of the slide resistor 3 is held by the holding base 8, and the sliding operation is performed along the direction of the arrow x with the body of the resistor 3 by hand. In this case, the connecting rod 3A is preferably pivotally mounted on the slider as shown by 3a, and the body of the resistor 3 may be rotatable in the y direction. In addition, the same pressure detecting portion 2a as shown in FIG. 8 is provided on the holding portion of the resistor main body, or an appropriate pressure sensor 2b is provided on the holding base 8 to enable the pressure designation or pressure detection. .

According to such a configuration, there is an advantage that the performance operation more similar to the bow operation can be performed.

FIG. 12 shows still another example of the performance operation device. In this example, the slide resistor 3 is attached to the substrate 9 by a hinge RX at one end so as to be rotatable in the y direction, and is pressed onto the substrate 9 at a position corresponding to a position below the other end of the resistor 3. An angle-pressure converter 31 is provided.
The converter 31 mounts the movable member 31B on the support member 31A so that the movable member 31B is rotatable within a certain range, and the support member 31A
And a spring 31C provided between the movable member 31B and the angle detector (corresponding to 6 in FIG. 10) detects a depression angle of the movable member 31B and outputs pressure information corresponding to the depression angle as an angle-pressure. It is taken out of the converter (corresponding to 7 in FIG. 10). Note that a pressure detecting unit may be provided instead of the converter 31.

According to such a configuration, an operation similar to the operation of swinging down the bow can be performed by lifting the resistor 3 and then pressing the movable member 31B. In addition, when the knob 4 is pressed down with the same force and the position of the knob 4 is closer to the transducer 31, pressure information of a larger value can be obtained than that of the farther side.
The knob operation near the tip of the bow corresponds to the bow operation near the tip of the bow, and the knob operation near the converter 31 corresponds to the bow operation near the bow. Therefore, by moving the knob 4 from the hinge RX toward the transducer 31 or in the opposite direction, the down bow of the bowed instrument can be reduced.
Bow and Up Bow performances can be simulated.

FIG. 13 shows still another example of the performance operation device.
The device of this example is an application of the principle of a linear encoder. Guide rail fixed to a support (not shown)
A slide bar 43 is attached to 41 so as to be guided by the rail and slide in the longitudinal direction of the rail. On the upper surface of the slide bar 43, there is provided a slit printing portion 45 on which two slit patterns having phases different from each other by 90 ° are printed, and one side of the slide bar 43 is gripped during a sliding operation. Handle 47 is provided. A displacement detector 49 for detecting the displacement of the slide bar 43 is fixed to the support described above.

The displacement detector 49 has a reader for optically reading the two slit patterns of the slit printing unit 45, performs processing such as direction discrimination and counting based on the output of the reader, and performs processing for the slide bar 43. Displacement data according to the displacement direction and the displacement amount is transmitted.

In order to obtain the pressure information, a method of providing a pressure detector as shown in FIG. 8 on the handle 47, a method of providing a pressure sensor on or near the rail 41, and the like can be adopted.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 13, when the grip 47 is gripped and the sliding operation is performed, the grip 47 moves to the side of the rail 41, but the grip 47 moves upward or downward with respect to the rail 41. The arrangement may be different. In this case, the displacement detector 49 is arranged to read the slit pattern from the side of the slide bar 43.

FIG. 14 shows still another example of the performance operation device.
In the same figure, the operation bar 54 is shown in a state where it is turned upside down when it is used. The device of this example is based on the principle of an optical encoder, and has an operation bar 54 corresponding to a bow of a bowed instrument.
And a code reading unit 57.

On the back surface of the operation bar 54, a code printing section 56 is provided which prints an optically readable position code at each of sequential positions along the longitudinal direction. Further, on the upper surface of the code reading unit 57, a light emitting unit 57a and a light receiving unit 57b are provided.

In order to obtain the pressure information, a method of providing a pressure detecting unit as shown in FIG.

When the operation bar 54 is slid so that the back surface contacts the upper surface of the unit 57, the code reading unit 57 sequentially reads the position codes of the code printing unit 56 and sends out the position data.

In the performance operation device shown in FIG. 14, the operation bar 54 is separated and independent from the code reading unit 57, and the operation direction is not restricted by grooves or rails, so that the degree of freedom of operation is large. Further, since the operation bar 54 is light, a more agile operation can be performed as compared with the operation of a slide resistor or the like. Therefore, there is an advantage that a performance operation similar to the bowing operation of the bowed instrument can be performed.

Note that the position data can also be obtained by fixing what corresponds to the operation bar 54 and moving the code reading unit 57 along the code printing section.

Configuration of Electronic Musical Instrument (FIG. 15) FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electronic musical instrument. In this electronic musical instrument, tone generation is controlled by a microcomputer. Also,
In this embodiment, a pressure-sensitive slide type as shown in FIG. 1 is used as the performance operation device. However, when another type is used, it is easy to cope by changing a part of this embodiment. it can. In FIGS. 15, 18, and 19, the hatched signal lines indicate that a plurality of signal lines are included or a plurality of bits of information are transmitted.

The bus 10 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 12, a program memory 14, a working memory 16, a position-speed conversion memory 1
8, distance-speed conversion memory 20, position / pressure detection circuit 22,
A key press detection circuit 24, an operation detection circuit 26, a sound source circuit 28, and the like are connected.

The CPU 12 executes various processes for generating a musical tone in accordance with a program stored in the memory 14. These processes will be described later with reference to FIGS. 24 to 27. As for the CPU 12, a timer circuit 32 is provided, and this circuit 32 has a value of 1 to 10 [ms], preferably 3 [ms].
Timer clock signal TMC having a clock cycle of
As an interrupt command signal.

The working memory 16 includes a large number of registers used for various processes by the CPU 12, and registers related to the embodiment of the present invention will be described later.

Regarding the position and pressure detection circuit 22, a performance operation device 34 having an operator 34A is provided. This device 34 is configured to be able to detect an operation position and an operation pressure in accordance with a sliding operation of the operation element 34A along the longitudinal direction. For a specific example of the configuration, see FIG. 1 and the like. And as described above. The operation position along the longitudinal direction, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed to represent the coordinate values 0~X _m / 2~X _m.

The position / pressure detection circuit 22 detects a voltage signal V _PO corresponding to the operation position and a voltage signal V _PR corresponding to the operation pressure from the performance operation position 34, and these voltage signals V _PO and V
_It converts _PR into digital position data and pressure data.

The position-speed conversion memory 18 converts the position data from the detection circuit 22 into speed data according to a conversion characteristic illustrated in FIG. Distance-speed conversion memory
Numeral 20 converts the moving distance (operation speed) per unit time obtained based on the position data from the detection circuit 22 into speed data in accordance with a conversion characteristic illustrated in FIG. In this embodiment, it is possible to arbitrarily select either the position mode using the speed data corresponding to the operation position or the speed mode using the speed data corresponding to the operation speed by operating the mode switch.

The key press detection circuit 24 detects key press information (key on / off and key code information) for each key on the keyboard 36.

The operation detection circuit 26 detects operation information for each switch in the switch group 38 including the mode switch and the like described above.

The tone generator circuit 28 forms and outputs a tone signal TS based on the above-described speed data, pressure data, key press information, and the like.
Details will be described later with reference to FIG.

The tone signal TS from the tone generator 28 is supplied to a sound system 40 including an output amplifier, a speaker, and the like, and is generated as a tone.

Sound source circuit 28 (FIG. 18) FIG. 18 shows an example of a configuration of a sound source circuit 28, which includes four sound sources corresponding to four strings of a violin.
TG1 to TG4 are included. Therefore, in this embodiment, up to four sounds can be generated simultaneously. The sound sources TG1 to TG4 have the same configuration and operate similarly, and
The configuration and operation of TG1 will be described later.

The register VR stores speed data read from the memory 18 or the memory 20, and the speed data VEL from this register is supplied to each of the sound sources TG1 to TG4. The register PR stores the pressure data.
The pressure data PRS from this register is supplied to each of the sound sources TG1 to TG4.

The registers KCR1 to KCR4 are provided corresponding to the sound sources TG1 to TG4, respectively, and store key code data (pitch data) corresponding to a key pressed on the keyboard 36. The key code data KC1 to KC4 from the registers KCR1 to KCR4 are supplied to key code-delay amount conversion memories DM1 to DM4, respectively.

Each of the conversion memories DM1 to DM4 stores the first and second delay amount data for each key of the keyboard 36. First for each key
And the second delay amount data is for distributing the total delay amount corresponding to the pitch of the key to the first and second delay means (for example, 60 and 68 in FIG. 19) at a predetermined distribution ratio. Where D is the total delay amount (for example, the number of delay stages) and K is the distribution ratio (K is 0
If <K <1 is set to a value in the range of 0.5, for example, 0.5), the first delay amount data indicates a delay amount of D × K, and the second delay amount data indicates a delay amount of D × (1−K). .

As an example, the conversion memory DM1 converts the input key code data KC1 into first and second delay amount data D corresponding to pitches.
The data is converted into LC11 and DLC12, and these data are supplied to the sound source TG1. When the value of the register KCR1 is 0 (that is, there is no key code data), data that makes the first and second delay means of the sound source DG1 non-conductive is supplied as the data DCL11 and DLC12.

The delay amount data DLC21, 22 to DLC41, 42 are supplied to the other sound sources TG2 to TG4 in the same manner as described above for TG1.

The tone generator circuits TG1 to TG4 generate digital tone waveform data in digital form based on the tone generator control information supplied as described above, and the tone waveform data WO1 to WO4 from the tone generators TG1 to TG4 are mixed circuits. Mix at 50. And
The tone waveform data from the mixing circuit 50 is converted into an analog tone signal T by a digital / analog (D / A) conversion circuit 52.
Is converted to S, and this tone signal TS is converted to sound system 40
(Fig. 15).

Sound Source TG1 (FIG. 19) FIG. 19 shows an example of a configuration of a sound source TG1, which is configured to simulate a bowed sound.

Variable delay circuit 60, filter 62, multiplier 64, adder 66,
Variable delay circuit 68, filter 70, multiplier 72, and adder 74
Are connected in a closed loop to form a data circulation path, and the total delay time of the data circulation path corresponds to the length of a string (vibrator), that is, the fundamental wave period of the generated sound. The state of propagation and distribution of vibration on the string is represented by waveform data circulating through the data circulation path.

Each of the delay circuits 60 and 68 has a delay amount
The setting is controlled so that the values indicate C11 and DLC12. A pitch corresponding to the total delay amount of the delay circuits 60 and 68 is given to the waveform data circulating through the data circulation path. That is, the pitch of the generated musical tone is strictly determined by the sum of the delay amounts in the closed loop.
If the total delay amount of the circuits 60 and 68 is determined in consideration of the delay amount of a filter other than the filter, a pitch corresponding to the total delay amount can be obtained.

The filters 62 and 70 are for simulating the loss of vibration propagation due to the material of the string, and for simulating the nonlinearity of the propagation speed with respect to the frequency. A low-pass filter is used for the former simulation. For the latter simulation, an all-pass filter is used, and the generation of non-integer overtones is realized by utilizing the fact that the frequency versus delay characteristics have nonlinearity.

Multipliers 64 and 72 are coefficient generators for circulating waveform data
By multiplying by negative coefficients from 76 and 78, respectively, the phase inversion corresponding to the reflection of the vibration wave at one end and the other end of the string is simulated. In this case, the negative coefficient is
If it is desired that there is no loss at the fixed end of the string, it is set to -1. If it is assumed that there is a steady loss, an appropriate value in the range of 0 to -1 may be selected according to the loss. ,
If desired, the value may be changed and controlled over time.

The adders 66 and 74 are for introducing excitation waveform data from the nonlinear conversion unit NL to the data circulation path.

The speed data VEL is supplied to the nonlinear conversion unit NL via the adder 82.
Supplied to The conversion unit NL is provided to simulate the non-linear change of the bowed string. The conversion unit NL includes a divider 86 that receives the output of the adder 82 as an input, and a nonlinear conversion memory 88 that receives the output of the divider as an input. And a multiplier 90 having the output of the memory as an input.
The PRS is supplied, and excitation waveform data is output from the multiplier 90.

FIG. 20 shows an example of the non-linear change of the bowed string. The horizontal axis indicates the relative speed of the bow with respect to the string, and the vertical axis indicates the displacement speed given to the string from the bow. When the bow speed is around 0, the contribution of the static friction is dominant, so the string displacement speed increases linearly with an increase in the bow speed. However, when an external force of a certain degree or more is applied, the dynamic friction becomes dominant and suddenly It is known that the degree of contribution of the external force to the chord displacement speed decreases, resulting in a non-linear change as shown in FIG. In addition, static friction-
It is also known that a hysteresis phenomenon occurs in the transition of dynamic friction as shown in FIG.

In order to simulate the nonlinear change as shown in Fig. 20,
As an example, the non-linear conversion memory 88 stores numerical data according to a conversion characteristic as shown by a solid line A in FIG. Then, in order to simulate a change in the static friction region according to the bow pressure, a divider 86 and a multiplier 90 are provided on the input side and the output side of the memory 88, respectively, to perform division and multiplication with the pressure data PRS. When the input of the memory 88 is divided by the pressure data PRS, the characteristic of FIG. 21A becomes a characteristic as shown by a one-dot chain line B in FIG. 21. When the output of the memory 88 is multiplied by the pressure data PRS, the characteristic of FIG. Has characteristics as shown by a broken line C in FIG. In addition, in order to enable the characteristic change according to the pressure data PRS, not only the above-described calculation method but also a memory
The conversion characteristic may be stored in the storage unit 88 for each pressure value, and the conversion characteristic to be used may be designated according to the pressure data PRS.

As an example, when speed data indicating a temporal change as shown in FIG. 22 is input to the nonlinear conversion unit NL, the nonlinear conversion unit
Excitation waveform data as shown in FIG. 23 is output from NL and input to the data circulation path via adders 66 and 74.

The adder 92 adds the outputs of the multipliers 64 and 72 and supplies the added output to the adder 82. By providing such an adder 92, the circulating waveform data is again input to the data circulating path via the non-linear converter NL, and a complicated waveform change is obtained.

The musical sound waveform data WO1 composed of circulating waveform data is derived from the output side of the multiplier 72 as an example. The derivation position of the music waveform data is not limited to the illustrated position, and may be any location where the waveform data circulates. Also, instead of deriving from only one location, those derived from a plurality of locations may be mixed and output.

Since the above-described string TG1 has a delay loop structure including a filter, it exhibits a so-called comb filter characteristic. When the excitation waveform data is input to the data circulation path from the non-linear conversion unit NL representing the relationship between the string and the bow, the waveform data indicating the harmonic spectrum configuration according to the resonance peak frequency of the comb filter circulates through the data circulation path. Will be.

The sound source TG1 generates the musical sound waveform data WO1 on condition that the speed data VEL and the pressure data PRS are supplied and that the data DLC11 and DLC12 indicate the amount of delay. Therefore, when no key is depressed on the keyboard 36, or when key code data is not set in the register KCR1 even if the key is depressed, tone waveform data is generated even if the operation element 34A is slid by the performance operation device 34. Not done. Even if the key code data is set in the register KCR1, no tone waveform data is generated unless the sliding operation is performed by the operation element 34A.

When the sliding operation by the operating element 34A is started in a state where the key code data is set in the register KCR1, various expressions are added to the rise of the musical sound depending on how the operating force is applied (for example, rapidly or gradually). Can be. Also, various expressions can be added to the musical sound by adjusting the operation speed and / or the operating pressure even during the generation of the musical sound, and thereafter, when the musical sound is attenuated, how to release the operating force (for example, rapidly or gradually) Various expressions can be added to the fall of the musical sound.

The same facial expression addition as described above is also possible when the key code data is set in the register KCR in response to the key pressing operation after the sliding operation by the operating element 34A is started.

On the other hand, if the register KCR1 is cleared in response to a key release during generation of a musical tone, the delay circuits 60 and 68 become non-conductive, so that the musical tone rapidly attenuates. Further, if the sliding operation by the operator 34A is stopped without clearing the register KCR1 during generation of the musical tone, the musical tone gradually attenuates because the circulating waveform data suffers a loss of the circulating path. Therefore, two types of attenuation, rapid and slow, can be obtained.

Attenuation control accompanying key release is not limited to the one in which the delay circuits 60 and 68 are made non-conductive, and a variable attenuator is connected in the data circulation path and the attenuation is controlled so as to increase in accordance with the key release detection. A method or a method of controlling the gain of the filter 62 and / or 70 to decrease in response to the detection of key release may be adopted.

Working Memory 16 Of the registers in the working memory 16, those related to the implementation of the present invention are listed as follows.

(1) Mode register MD: This register is set to "1" or "0" according to the operation of the mode switch. "1" indicates the speed mode, and "0" indicates the position mode. .

(2) Key code register KCD... Each time a key-on or key-off event is detected via the detection circuit 24, key code data corresponding to a key related to the event detection is stored.

(3) Sound source on / off register KOR ... This is four registers corresponding to registers KCR1 to KCR4 in Fig. 18, respectively.
Including KOR1 to KOR4, "1" for each register indicates that the corresponding sound source is sounding, and "0" indicates that no sound is generated.

(4) Position register POS: This is where the position data from the detection circuit 22 is set.

(5) Pressure register PRES... This is where the pressure data from the detection circuit 22 is set.

(6) Old position register OPOS... This sets position data from the register POS. The register POS indicates the operation position at the time of the current timer interruption, while the register OPOS indicates the operation position at the time of the previous timer interruption.

(7) Data flag OLD: This indicates the presence or absence of data in the register OPOS. "1" indicates that data is present, and "0" indicates that there is no data.

(8) Distance register DIST... This sets a difference (moving distance per unit time) obtained by subtracting the value of the register POS from the value of the register OPOS.

Main Routine (FIG. 24) FIG. 24 shows the flow of the processing of the main routine, and this routine is started when the power is turned on or the like.

First, in step 100, various registers are initialized. For example, all the registers (1) to (8) described above are cleared. Then, the process proceeds to step 102.

In step 102, it is determined whether there is a key-on event on the keyboard 36. If yes (Y), a key-on subroutine is executed in step 104 as described later with reference to FIG.

When the result of the determination in step 102 is negative (N) or when the processing in step 104 is completed, the process proceeds to step 106, and it is determined whether or not a key-off event has occurred on the keyboard 36. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 108, where a key-off subroutine is executed as described later with reference to FIG.

When the result of the determination in step 106 is negative or when the process in step 108 is completed, the process proceeds to step 110, where it is determined whether the mode switch has an ON event. If this determination result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 112, where "1"
Set the value obtained by subtracting the content of MD from MD. That is, if the content of MD is "0", MD is set to "1", and if the content of MD is "1", MD is set to "0". As a result, the position mode and the speed mode are alternately designated each time the mode switch is turned on.

When the determination result of step 110 is negative (N) or when the process of step 112 is completed, the process proceeds to step 114, and other processes (for example, a process of setting a volume or the like) are executed. Thereafter, the process returns to step 102, and the subsequent processes are repeated in the same manner as described above.

Key-On Subroutine (FIG. 25) FIG. 25 shows a key-on subroutine. In step 120, a key code related to key-on is set in KCD. Then, the process proceeds to step 122.

In step 122, it is determined whether any of the contents of the KOR is "0". If the result of this determination is negative (N), all the sound sources are in use and the key code assignment process is not performed, and
It returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 122 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 124, where the key code of the KCD is stored in any of the registers KCR (KCR1 to KCR4 in FIG. 18) corresponding to the KOR determined to be "0". Is set. Then, the process proceeds to step 126.

In step 126, “1” is set to the KOR corresponding to the KCR related to the key code set. Then, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

According to the routine of FIG. 25, for example, when KOR1 is "0", a key code is set in KCR1 and KOR1 is set.
Is set to "1", and a tone can be generated by the sound source TG1.

26 shows a key-off subroutine. FIG. 26 shows a key-off subroutine. In step 130, a key code related to the key-off is set in KCD. Then, the process proceeds to step 132.

In step 132, it is determined whether any of the KCRs has the same key code as the KCD. If the result of this determination is negative (N), no musical tone corresponding to the key that has been turned off is being generated, and
Since the key-off process is unnecessary, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 132 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 134, where the KOR corresponding to the KCR having the same key code is cleared (set to "0"). Then, after clearing the KCR with the same key code in step 136, the 24th
It returns to the routine of the figure.

According to the routine of FIG. 26, for example, when the same key code as KCD is found in KCR1, both KOR1 and KCR1 are cleared, and in response to the clearing of KCR1, the 19th sound source TG1
The delay circuits 60 and 68 in the figure become non-conductive, and the tone being generated starts to attenuate.

Timer Interrupt Routine (FIG. 27) FIG. 27 shows a timer interrupt routine, which starts at a cycle of, for example, 3 [ms] for each clock pulse of the timer clock signal TMC.

First, in step 140, the position data and pressure data from the detection circuit 22 are set in POS and PRES, respectively.

Next, in step 142, it is determined whether or not any of KOB is “0”. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), none of the sound sources is generating a tone and processing is not required, so the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 142 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 144, where the value of PRES is 0 (the performance operation device 3).
4 is non-operation).

If the result of such a determination is affirmative (Y), the processing described below is unnecessary, and the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

When the result of the determination in step 144 is negative (N), the flow proceeds to step 146, and the pressure data of PRES is stored in the register PR.
(Fig. 18). Then, the process proceeds to step 148.

In step 148, is the content of MD “1” (speed mode)
If the result of this determination is negative (N), the step
Move to 150.

In step 150, speed data corresponding to the value of POS is read from the memory 18 and set in the register VR (FIG. 18). By the processing of step 150, it is possible to specify the speed according to the coordinate value (operation position) as shown in FIG. For example, if the performance operation device 34 indicates a position on the right side of X _m / 2, a corresponding positive velocity value is obtained. this is,
This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pulling direction in FIG. 20 or FIG. If the position is indicated on the left side of X _m / 2, a negative speed value is obtained correspondingly. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pushing direction in FIG. 20 or FIG.

When the process of step 150 is completed, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 148 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 152, where it is determined whether the content of OLD is "0" (no data is present in OPOS). For example, first step after power on
In the case where it has reached 152, the determination result of step 152 is affirmative (Y), and the routine proceeds to step 154.

At step 154, "1" is set to OLD. And
At step 156, the value of POS is set in OPOS, and the process returns to the routine of FIG.

Thereafter, when the routine of FIG. 27 is entered again, step 15
The determination result of 2 is negative (N), and the routine proceeds to step 158.

In step 158, the difference obtained by subtracting the POS value from the OPOS value is set in DIST. Then, the process proceeds to step 160.

In step 160, speed data corresponding to the value of DIST is read from the memory 20, and set in the register VR (FIG. 18). Then, in step 156, the value of POS is set to OPOS, and the process returns to the routine of FIG.

According to the processing of steps 152 to 160, it is possible to specify the speed according to the moving distance (operation speed) per unit time as shown in FIG. For example, if the operator 34A is moved rightward in the performance operation device 34, the sign of the difference (OPOS-POS) becomes negative, and a positive speed value is obtained in FIG. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pulling direction in FIG. 20 or FIG. If the operator 34A is moved to the left, the sign of the difference becomes positive, and a negative speed value is obtained in FIG. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pushing direction in FIG. 20 or FIG.

Modifications The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
It can be implemented in various modifications. For example, the following changes are possible.

(1) The present invention can be applied not only to a double-tone electronic musical instrument but also to a single-tone electronic musical instrument.

(2) The performance operation device is not limited to those shown in FIGS. 1 to 14, and various configurations can be considered. For example, in the performance operation device as shown in FIG. 1, the slit pattern reading method shown in FIG. 13 or the code reading method shown in FIG. 14 can be adopted.

(3) The tone to be controlled is not limited to a tone of a bowed instrument, but may be any sustained tone, and the present invention can be applied to a tone such as a wind instrument.
In this case, the speed information may be replaced by the breath pressure, and the pressure information may be replaced by the ambushare (the degree of biting of the lead).

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform tone control in a wide speed range by reciprocating operation of a movable operator, and also possible to control tone by a combination of pressure and speed. As a result, it is possible to obtain an effect that various expressions can be added to sustained musical sounds such as a bowed musical instrument.

In addition, since the operation position information or the displacement amount information is converted into speed information for tone control by the memory, the tone control with good responsiveness is possible, and the speed corresponding to the operation position of the operation element is designated. Since the performance can be performed by selecting an arbitrary mode from the first mode and the second mode for designating the speed corresponding to the displacement amount of the operation element, there is an advantage that the performance operability is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a performance operating device used in carrying out the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the pressure detecting section, and FIG. 3 is a modified example of the case. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing another modified example of the pressure detecting section, FIG. 5 is a side view showing another modified example of the pressure detecting section, and FIG. 6 is a resistor arrangement. FIG. 7 is a side view showing a modification of the connecting portion, FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of the pressure detecting means, and FIG. 9 is a knob of FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the pressure specifying means, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are side views showing other examples of the performance operating device, FIG. 13 and FIG. FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing still another example of the performance operation device. FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an electronic musical instrument. FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the conversion characteristics of the memories 18 and 20, respectively. FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating the configuration of the tone generator 28, FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram illustrating the configuration of the tone generator TG1, and FIG. , A graph illustrating the non-linear change of the bowed string, FIG. 21 is a graph illustrating the characteristic change of the non-linear conversion unit NL, and FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 show an input example and an output example of the non-linear conversion unit NL, respectively. Waveform diagrams, FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a main routine, FIGS. 25 and 26 are flowcharts showing key-on and key-off subroutines, respectively, and FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing a timer interrupt routine. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Case, 2 ... Pressure sensor, 3 ... Slide resistor, 3A ... Connection rod, 4 ... Knob, 4A ... Pressing member, 7
…… Angle-pressure converter, 8 …… Holding stand, 9 …… Substrate, 18
… Position-speed conversion memory, 20… Distance-speed conversion memory, 22… Position / pressure detection circuit, 34A… Operator, 34…
… Performance operation device, 43… slide bar, 49… displacement detector, 54… operation bar, 57… code reading unit.

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-52-117120 (JP, A) JP-A-57-135993 (JP, A) JP-A-50-39923 (JP, A) JP-A-63-2095 (JP, A) , A) Japanese Utility Model Showa 58-50492 (JP, U) Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-42963 (JP, B1) Japanese Utility Model Showa 52-34971 (JP, Y1)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A detection for detecting (a) an operation element which can be moved and (b) operation position information corresponding to an operation position and displacement amount information according to a displacement amount along a moving direction of the operation element. (C) first and second memories for respectively converting the operation position information and displacement amount information from the detection means into musical sound control speed information, and arbitrarily selecting the first or second mode. Conversion means having a selection means, wherein when the first mode is selected by the selection means, speed information for musical tone control from the first memory is transmitted, and (2) when the second mode is selected, the speed information for tone control from the second memory is transmitted; (d) pitch designation means for designating the pitch of a tone to be generated; Generates a tone signal having a pitch specified by the pitch specifying means (F) a musical tone control device comprising: (f) control means for controlling a generation mode of a musical tone signal generated by the musical tone generating means in accordance with speed information from the conversion means. 2. A pressure detecting means for detecting pressure information according to an operating pressure of said operating element, wherein said control means controls said pressure information in accordance with speed information from said converting means and pressure information from said pressure detecting means. 2. The tone control device according to claim 1, wherein the tone signal generation mode is controlled. 3. A pressing operation part is provided on a part of the operation element, and pressure detecting means for detecting pressure information according to an operation pressure at the pressing operation part is provided. 2. A tone control device according to claim 1, wherein the tone signal generation mode is controlled in accordance with speed information and pressure information from said pressure detecting means. 4. A pressure specifying means for generating pressure information according to a movement in a direction different from a pressing direction and a moving direction of said operating element, wherein said control means controls speed information from said conversion means and said pressure specification. 2. The tone control device according to claim 1, wherein the tone signal generation mode is controlled in accordance with pressure information from the means.