JP2805929B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument suitable for simulating the generation of musical sounds such as a bowed instrument and a wind instrument.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides an operation means operable on a surface, and operates speed information based on an operation position in one direction and an operation position in another direction intersecting with the one direction in accordance with the operation of the operation means. And the tone information is controlled in accordance with the speed information and the position information, thereby making it possible to generate a tone similar to a bowed musical instrument or the like by a simple operation.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an electronic musical instrument capable of controlling tone characteristics such as tone and volume according to an operation speed, an operation pressure, and the like, conventionally, a rising waveform of a musical tone is controlled by detecting a key pressing speed on a keyboard. There is also known an apparatus which detects a key pressing pressure during key pressing to control a continuous waveform of a musical tone.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Generally, in the case of a bowed instrument such as a violin, a cello, and a viola, a tone rises due to speed, pressure, and the like during bowing.
Various expressions can be added to the duration, fall, etc.
In addition, the timbre change can be obtained by changing the bowing point.

That is, in a bowed musical instrument, the sound becomes harder and the higher frequency harmonics increase as the position at which the external force is applied to the string is closer to the fixed end, and the sound becomes softer as the position approaches the midpoint of the string. For example, in the violin, there is a technique of changing the bowing point, such as sul ponticello, which bows at a position close to the piece (also called bridge), sul-tasto, which bows on the fingerboard,
The tone change by the bowing point is actively used.

On the other hand, in the above-described conventional electronic musical instrument, the key pressing speed is detected by measuring a contact transition time of a switch linked to a key, and therefore, one speed information is provided for each key pressing operation. It is not possible to perform tone control according to the speed change during the operation as in the case of the bow operation only by obtaining the tone. Further, since the movable range of the key is narrow, the range of speeds that can be specified by pressing the key is also narrow, and an arbitrary speed cannot be specified in a wide range as in the case of a bow operation.

In addition, in a conventional electronic musical instrument, even when the continuous waveform is controlled in accordance with the key pressing pressure during key pressing, the key operation speed during key pressing is not reflected in the musical tone, so that it is the same as in the case of bow operation. Cannot express the performance by the combination of speed, pressure, bowed point, etc., and it is not possible to add various expressions to musical sounds like a bowed musical instrument.

Therefore, the conventional electronic musical instruments are not enough to simulate the generation of musical tones of bowed musical instruments.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new electronic musical instrument capable of generating musical tones similar to a bowed musical instrument, a wind instrument, and the like, and capable of controlling musical tones by a completely different operation method from conventional ones.

[Means for Solving the Problems] A first electronic musical instrument according to the present invention comprises: (a) an operation means operable on a surface; and (b) an operation position or displacement in one direction according to the operation of the operation means. Detecting means for detecting operation information corresponding to the amount and detecting position information corresponding to an operation position in the other direction intersecting with the one direction in accordance with the operation of the operation means; and (c) operation from the detection means. An information generating means for generating speed information based on the information; (d) a tone generating means for generating a tone signal having a tone characteristic according to the speed information from the information generating means; Control means for controlling the tone characteristics of the tone signal based on the position information.

Further, the second electronic musical instrument according to the present invention includes: (a) first variable delay means, first phase inversion means,
(B) an information circulation path in which the variable delay means and the second phase inversion means are sequentially connected in a closed loop, and (b) the sum of the first and second variable delay means corresponding to the pitch of a musical tone to be generated Instruction means for instructing the amount of delay; (c) operating means operable on the surface; and (d) detecting operation information corresponding to an operation position or displacement amount in one direction according to the operation of the operation means. Detecting means for detecting position information corresponding to an operating position in the other direction crossing the one direction in response to operation of the operating means; and (e) information for generating speed information based on the operating information from the detecting means. (G) generating means; (f) converting means for converting the position information from the detecting means into distribution ratio information representing a distribution ratio of the total delay amount to the first and second variable delay means; According to the distribution ratio information from the conversion means, Control means for controlling the delay amount of each variable delay means so as to distribute the total delay amount to the first and second variable delay means; and (h) converting speed information from the information generating means into excitation waveform information. Conversion input means for inputting the excitation waveform information to be circulated through the information circulation path; and (i) derivation means for deriving circulating waveform information having the pitch from the information circulation path as musical sound waveform information. ing.

[Operation] According to the first electronic musical instrument described above, the operation means operable on the surface is provided, and the speed is designated based on the operation position or displacement amount in one direction detected from this operation means, and the musical tone characteristic is specified. Is controlled, an arbitrary speed can be designated in a wide range, and various expressions can be added to the rise, duration, fall, etc. of the musical sound.

Also, since the tone characteristics are controlled in accordance with the operation position in the other direction crossing one direction, the tone characteristics based on the speed designation in one direction and the tone control based on the position designation in the other direction are combined. By doing so, various performance expressions are possible.
For example, when simulating the performance expression of a bowed instrument, the bow speed corresponds to the speed specification, and the bow pressure or the bowing point corresponds to the position specification, and the bow speed and the bow pressure or the bowing point are combined. Can simulate various performance expressions. As another example,
When simulating the performance expression of wind instruments, if the breath pressure is made to correspond to the speed specification and the umbu share (lip holding, squeezing condition) is made to correspond to the position specification, various performance expressions by the combination of the breath pressure and the umbu share are made. I can simulate.

In the first electronic musical instrument, the information generating means may generate speed information corresponding to the operation position. In this case, the speed can be changed only by changing the operation position. Becomes easier. Further, the information generating means may generate speed information corresponding to the operation speed. In this case, the operation speed is directly reflected on the musical tone characteristics, and the information generation means is more suitable for playing a bowed instrument or the like. Get closer.

In the first electronic musical instrument, the detecting means detects pressure information corresponding to the operating pressure in accordance with the operation of the operating means, and the control means controls the tone characteristics of the tone signal based on the pressure information from the detecting means. You may do so. In this way, other pressures of the speed are also reflected in the musical tone characteristics.For example, if the bow speed corresponds to the speed specification, the bow pressure corresponds to the pressure specification, and the bowed point corresponds to the position specification. It is even closer to a bowed instrument.

The above-mentioned second electronic musical instrument is suitable for simulating the generation of a musical tone of a bowed musical instrument. That is, the first and second
The phase inversion means of (1) gives a phase inversion effect corresponding to the reflection of the vibration wave at one end and the other end of the string to the circulating waveform information. Further, the first and second variable delay means add a pitch corresponding to the total delay amount of both to the circulating waveform information,
The distribution of the total delay amount is changed and controlled in accordance with the distribution ratio variably set by the operating means, thereby changing the circulating waveform and causing a timbre change. For example, if the total delay is 1
When the distribution ratio is set to 0.5, a soft tone corresponding to the string at the middle point of the string is obtained. When the distribution ratio approaches 1 for any of the variable delay means, the friction near the fixed end of the string is obtained. The tone becomes a solid tone corresponding to the string, and it is possible to simulate a tone change due to a difference in the bowing point.

Further, since the distribution ratio and the speed can both be designated by one operation means, the configuration and operation are simpler than when these are designated by separate means, and the change in tone, volume, etc. due to the waveform change accompanying the speed change. Thus, it is possible to generate a musical tone similar to a bowed tone.

In the second electronic musical instrument, the detecting means detects pressure information corresponding to the operation pressure in accordance with the operation of the operating means, and the conversion input means converts the speed information into excitation waveform information in accordance with a conversion characteristic corresponding to the pressure information from the detecting means. In this case, it is not necessary to provide a pressure designation unit separately from the operation unit, so that the configuration and operation are simplified, and the timbre, Since a change in volume and the like can be obtained, the sound becomes closer to a bowed sound.

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this electronic musical instrument, the tone generation is controlled by a microcomputer. In addition,
In FIGS. 1, 6 and 7, the hatched signal lines indicate that a plurality of signal lines are included or a plurality of bits of information are transmitted.

Circuit Configuration (FIG. 1) A central processing unit (CPU) 12, a program memory 14, a working memory 16, a speed conversion memory 18, a pen pressure-bow pressure conversion memory 20, a coordinate-distribution ratio conversion memory 21, Coordinate / pressure detection circuit 22, key press detection circuit 24, operation detection circuit 26,
A tone generator circuit 28 and the like are connected.

The CPU 12 executes various processes for generating a musical tone in accordance with a program stored in the memory 14, and these processes will be described later with reference to FIGS. 14 to 17. As for the CPU 12, a timer circuit 32 is provided, and this circuit 32 has a value of 1 to 10 [ms], preferably 3 [ms].
Timer clock signal TMC having a clock cycle of
As an interrupt command signal.

The working memory 16 includes a large number of registers used for various processes by the CPU 12, and registers related to the embodiment of the present invention will be described later.

For the coordinate / pressure detection circuit 22, a two-dimensional input panel 34 known as a digitizer is provided. Various types of digitizers such as a switch array type, a voltage drop type, an encoder type, a magnetic field phase type, an electrostatic coupling type, an ultrasonic type, a magnetostrictive type, an electromagnetic induction type, and an electromagnetic transfer type have been proposed. Can be used.

In this embodiment, as the input panel 34, a liquid crystal display panel and a digitizer which is capable of detecting and receiving pressure by an electromagnetic transfer function are used, and an electronic pen 34A is used as a coordinate indicator. As the electronic pen 34A, a pen tip switch for detecting contact with the input panel 34 can be used.However, contact detection can be performed by pressure detection on the input panel side, so that there is no pen tip switch. May be used. It is convenient to use the input panel 34 that can be displayed, because the input operation can be performed while checking the coordinates indicated by the electronic pen 34A on the display.

The coordinate / pressure detection circuit 22 detects x and y coordinates and operation pressure indicated by the electronic pen 34A in the effective reading area ER of the input panel 34.

The speed conversion memory 18 includes a position-speed conversion memory 18A and a distance-speed conversion memory 18B. Memory 18A
Converts the x-coordinate value (operation position) detected by the detection circuit 22 into speed data in accordance with a conversion characteristic illustrated in FIG. 2. The memory 18B stores the x-coordinate value detected by the detection circuit 22. The moving distance (operation speed) per unit time obtained from the value is converted into speed data according to a conversion characteristic illustrated in FIG. In this embodiment, it is possible to arbitrarily select either the position mode using the speed data corresponding to the operation position or the speed mode using the speed data corresponding to the operation speed by operating the mode switch.

The pen pressure-bow pressure conversion memory 20 is provided to obtain pressure data that matches the pressure sensation of the playing person. The pressure (pen pressure) detected by the detection circuit 22 is, for example, the fourth pressure.
The pressure (bow pressure) data is converted according to the conversion characteristics shown in the figure. Note that the pressure data from the detection circuit 22 can be used as it is without performing such conversion.

The coordinate-distribution ratio conversion memory 21 includes a first variable delay means (delay circuit 60 in FIG. 7) and a second variable delay means (7
This is used to determine the distribution ratio when allocating the total delay amount corresponding to the pitch of the musical tone to be produced to the delay circuit 68) in the figure, and its conversion characteristic is shown in FIG. 5 as an example. It has become. In Figure 5, the horizontal axis indicates the y-coordinate value 0~Y _m / 2~Y _m in the valid reading area ER of the input panel 34, the vertical axis, first when the total delay amount of 1 4 shows the distribution ratio for the variable delay means. According to such a conversion characteristic, the y-coordinate value detected by the detection circuit 22 is, for example, Y _m / 2
Then, the distribution ratio for the first variable delay means is 0.5, and therefore the distribution ratio for the second variable delay means is also 1-0.
5 = 0.5.

The key press detection circuit 24 detects key press information (key on / off and key code information) for each key on the keyboard 36.

The operation detection circuit 26 detects operation information for each switch in the switch group 38 including the mode switch and the like described above.

The tone generator circuit 28 forms and outputs a tone signal TS based on the above-described speed data, pressure data, key press information, and the like.
Details will be described later with reference to FIG.

The tone signal TS from the tone generator 28 is supplied to a sound system 40 including an output amplifier, a speaker, and the like, and is generated as a tone.

Sound Source Circuit 28 (FIG. 6) FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of the sound source circuit 28. The circuit 28 includes four sound sources corresponding to four strings of a violin.
TG1 to TG4 are included. Therefore, in this embodiment, up to four sounds can be generated simultaneously. The sound sources TG1 to TG4 have the same configuration and operate similarly, and
The configuration and operation of TG1 will be described later.

The register VR stores the speed data read from the memory 18, and stores the speed data VE from this register.
L is supplied to each sound source of TG1 to TG4. Also, register PR
Is for storing the pressure data read from the memory 20, and the pressure data PRS from this register is TG1 to TG4
Are supplied to each sound source.

The registers KCR1 to KCR4 are provided corresponding to the sound sources TG1 to TG4, respectively, and store key code data (pitch data) corresponding to a key pressed on the keyboard 36. The key code data KC1 to KC4 from the registers KCR1 to KCR4 are supplied to key code-delay amount conversion memories DM1 to DM4, respectively.

The conversion memories DM1 to DM4 each store the total delay amount data corresponding to the pitch for each key of the keyboard 36.
The input key code data is converted into the total delay amount data corresponding to the pitch for each memory. The total delay amount data DLC1 to DLC4 from the conversion memories DM1 to DM4 are supplied to the multiplication circuits MP1 to MP4, respectively.

The register RAT stores the distribution ratio data read from the memory 21, and the distribution ratio data K1 from this register is supplied to the multiplication circuits MP1 to MP4 and the subtraction circuit SB. The subtraction circuit SB subtracts the distribution ratio data value K1 from 1 and distributes the distribution ratio data K2 corresponding to the difference to the multiplication circuits MP1 to MP4.
To supply.

The multiplication circuits MP1 to MP4 have the same configuration and operate similarly, and the configuration and operation of MP1 will be described as a representative. The multiplier MP1 is provided with two multipliers M1 and M2 that receive the total delay amount data DLC1 from the conversion memory DM1. The multiplier M1 multiplies the total delay amount data DLC1 by the distribution ratio data K1 from the register RAT and supplies the delay amount data DLC11 corresponding to the product to the tone generator circuit TG1. The multiplier M2 multiplies the total delay amount data DLC1 by the distribution ratio data K2 from the subtraction circuit SB, and supplies the delay amount data DLC12 corresponding to the product to the sound source TG1.

As an example, if the value of the distribution ratio data K1 is 0.8, the value of the distribution ratio data K2 will be 0.2. The value of the total delay amount data DLC1 (for example, the number of delay stages) N multiplied by 0.8 is the value of the delay amount data DLC11, and the value of N multiplied by 0.2 is the value of the delay amount data DLC12. When the value of the register KCR1 is 0 (that is, there is no key code data), the first and second delay means (for example, 60 and 68 in FIG. 7) of the sound source TG1 are turned off as data DLC11 and DLC12. Such data is supplied.

The delay amount data DLC21, 22 to DLC41, 42 are supplied to the other sound sources TG2 to TG4 in the same manner as described above for TG1.

The tone generator circuits TG1 to TG4 generate digital tone waveform data in digital form based on the tone generator control information supplied as described above, and the tone waveform data WO1 to WO4 from the tone generators TG1 to TG4 are mixed circuits. Mix at 50. And
The tone waveform data from the mixing circuit 50 is converted into an analog tone signal T by a digital / analog (D / A) conversion circuit 52.
Is converted to S, and this tone signal TS is converted to sound system 40
(FIG. 1).

Sound Source TG1 (FIG. 7) FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of the sound source TG1.
G1 is configured to simulate a bowed sound.

Variable delay circuit 60, filter 62, multiplier 64, adder 66,
Variable delay circuit 68, filter 70, multiplier 72, and adder 74
Are connected in a closed loop to form a data circulation path, and the total delay time of the data circulation path corresponds to the length of a string (vibrator), that is, the fundamental wave period of the generated sound. The state of propagation and distribution of vibration on the string is represented by waveform data circulating through the data circulation path.

Each of the delay circuits 60 and 68 has a delay amount
The setting is controlled so that the values indicate C11 and DLC12. A pitch corresponding to the total delay amount of the delay circuits 60 and 68 is given to the waveform data circulating through the data circulation path. That is, the pitch of the generated musical tone is strictly determined by the sum of the delay amounts in the closed loop.
If the total delay amount of the circuits 60 and 68 is determined in consideration of the delay amount of a filter other than the filter, a pitch corresponding to the total delay amount can be obtained.

The filters 62 and 70 are for simulating the loss of vibration propagation due to the material of the string, and for simulating the nonlinearity of the propagation speed with respect to the frequency. A low-pass filter is used for the former simulation. For the latter simulation, an all-pass filter is used, and the generation of non-integer overtones is realized by utilizing the fact that the frequency versus delay characteristics have nonlinearity.

Multipliers 64 and 72 simulate the phase inversion corresponding to the reflection of the oscillating wave at one and the other end of the string by multiplying the circulating waveform data by the negative coefficients from coefficient generators 76 and 78, respectively. Things. In this case, the negative coefficient should be -1 when there is no loss at the fixed end of the string.
If it is desired to have a steady loss, an appropriate value may be selected in a range of 0 to -1 corresponding to the loss, and the value may be changed and controlled over time as desired.

The adders 66 and 74 are for introducing excitation waveform data from the nonlinear conversion unit NL to the data circulation path.

The speed data VEL is supplied to a non-linear conversion unit via adders 82 and 84.
Supplied to NL. The conversion unit NL is provided to simulate the non-linear change of the bowed string, and includes a divider 86 that receives the output of the adder 84 as an input, and a nonlinear conversion memory 88 that receives the output of the divider as an input. A multiplier 90 having the output of the memory as an input is provided. The divider 86 and the multiplier 90 are supplied with pressure data PRS, and the multiplier 90 outputs excitation waveform data.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the non-linear change of the bowed string. The horizontal axis indicates the relative speed of the bow with respect to the string, and the vertical axis indicates the displacement speed given from the bow to the string. When the bow speed is around 0, the contribution of the static friction is dominant, so the string displacement speed increases linearly with an increase in the bow speed. However, when an external force of a certain degree or more is applied, the dynamic friction becomes dominant and suddenly It is known that the degree of contribution of the external force to the chord displacement speed decreases, resulting in a non-linear change as shown in FIG. In addition, static friction-
It is also known that a hysteresis phenomenon occurs in the transition of dynamic friction as shown in FIG.

In order to simulate the nonlinear change as shown in FIG.
As an example, the non-linear conversion memory 88 stores numerical data in accordance with a conversion characteristic shown by a solid line A in FIG. Then, in order to simulate a change in the static friction region according to the bow pressure, a divider 86 and a multiplier 90 are provided on the input side and the output side of the memory 88, respectively, to perform division and multiplication with the pressure data PRS. When the input of the memory 88 is divided by the pressure data PRS, the characteristic shown in FIG. 9A becomes a characteristic as shown by a one-dot chain line B in the same figure. When the output of the memory 88 is multiplied by the pressure data PRS, the characteristic shown in FIG. Has characteristics as shown by a broken line C in FIG. In addition, in order to enable the characteristic change according to the pressure data PRS, not only the above-described calculation method but also a memory
The conversion characteristic may be stored in the storage unit 88 for each pressure value, and the conversion characteristic to be used may be designated according to the pressure data PRS.

As an example, when velocity data indicating a temporal change as shown in FIG. 10 is input to the nonlinear conversion unit NL, the nonlinear conversion unit
Excitation waveform data as shown in FIG. 11 is output from NL and input to the data circulation path via adders 66 and 74.

In order to simulate the hysteresis phenomenon described above, the nonlinear conversion unit NL includes a low-pass filter (LPF) 92 having the output Q of the multiplier 90 as an input, and a coefficient generator 9 connected to the output of the filter.
A feedback path including a multiplier 94 for multiplying the coefficient from 6 and an adder 84 for adding the output of the multiplier to the output S of the adder 82 and supplying the added output S 'to the divider 86 is provided. Have been. The LPF 92 is provided for preventing oscillation and for compensating gain or phase. However, since the output waveform of the non-linear converter NL also changes according to the filter characteristics, it is possible to obtain a tone change.

As an example, a conversion characteristic (input S ′) as shown in FIG.
If the nonlinear conversion section NL has the characteristic of the output Q, and the feedback ratio β = 0.1 (10%), the conversion characteristic of the circuit section including the feedback path and the nonlinear conversion section NL (input S additional output Q Characteristics)
Has a hysteresis characteristic as shown in FIG. In this case, if the feedback ratio is changed, for example, by changing the coefficient generated by the coefficient generator 96, the hysteresis characteristic is changed. In addition, speed data VEL or pressure data PRS
If the feedback rate is changed and controlled in accordance with the above-mentioned conditions, it is possible to generate a musical sound that is more similar to a bowed sound. In order to obtain the hysteresis characteristic, the conversion method is not limited to the above-described feedback method, and the conversion characteristic is stored in the memory 88 for each input value change direction, and the conversion value to be used by detecting the input value change direction is used. You may make it specify a characteristic.

The adder 98 adds the outputs of the multipliers 64 and 72 and supplies the added output to the adder 82. By providing such an adder 98, the circulating waveform data is again input to the data circulating path via the non-linear converter NL, and a complicated waveform change is obtained.

The musical sound waveform data WO1 composed of circulating waveform data is derived from the output side of the multiplier 72 as an example. The derived position of the musical tone waveform data is not limited to that shown in the figure, but may be any location where the waveform data circulates. Also, instead of deriving from only one location, those derived from a plurality of locations may be mixed and output.

The above-mentioned sound source TG1 has a so-called comb filter characteristic because it has a delay loop structure including a filter. When the excitation waveform data is input to the data circulation path from the non-linear conversion unit NL representing the relationship between the string and the bow, the waveform data indicating the harmonic spectrum configuration according to the resonance peak frequency of the comb filter circulates through the data circulation path. Will be.

The sound source TG1 generates the musical sound waveform data WO1 on condition that the speed data VEL and the pressure data PRS are supplied and that the data DLC11 and DLC12 indicate the amount of delay. Therefore, when no key is depressed on the keyboard 36, or when key code data is not set in the register KCR1 even if the key is depressed, no tone waveform data is generated even if an input operation is performed with the electronic pen 34A on the input panel 34. Even if the key code data is set in the register KCR1, no musical sound waveform data is generated unless an input operation is performed with the electronic pen 34A.

When input operation with the electronic pen 34A is started in a state where the key code data is set in the register KCR1, various expressions can be added to the rise of the musical sound depending on how the operating force is applied at that time (for example, rapidly or gradually). it can.
Also, various expressions can be added to the musical sound by adjusting the operation speed and / or the operating pressure even during the musical sound generation,
After that, when the musical sound is attenuated, various expressions can be added to the fall of the musical sound depending on how to release the operation force (for example, rapidly or gradually).

The same facial expression addition as described above is also possible when key code data is set in the register KCR1 in response to a key press operation after starting an input operation with the electronic pen 34A.

On the other hand, if the register KCR1 is cleared in response to a key release during generation of a musical tone, the delay circuits 60 and 68 become non-conductive, so that the musical tone rapidly attenuates. Further, if the input operation by the electronic pen 34A is stopped without clearing the register KCR1 during the generation of the musical tone, the musical tone gradually attenuates because the circulating waveform data suffers a loss of the circulating path. Therefore, two types of attenuation, rapid and slow, can be obtained.

Attenuation control accompanying key release is not limited to the one in which the delay circuits 60 and 68 are made non-conductive, and a variable attenuator is connected in the data circulation path and the attenuation is controlled so as to increase in accordance with the key release detection. A method or a method of controlling the gain of the filter 62 and / or 70 to decrease in response to the detection of key release may be adopted.

Working Memory 16 Of the registers in the working memory 16, those related to the implementation of the present invention are listed as follows.

(1) Mode register MD: This register is set to "1" or "0" according to the operation of the mode switch. "1" indicates the speed mode, and "0" indicates the position mode. .

(2) Key code register KCD... Each time a key-on or key-off event is detected via the detection circuit 24, key code data corresponding to a key related to the event detection is stored.

(3) Tone generator on / off register KOR ... These are the four registers respectively corresponding to registers KCR1 to KCR4 in FIG.
Including KOR1 to KOR4, "1" for each register indicates that the corresponding sound source is sounding, and "0" indicates that no sound is generated.

(4) x-coordinate register X... This is where the x-coordinate value detected via the detection circuit 22 is set.

(5) y-coordinate register Y... This is where the y-coordinate value detected via the detection circuit 22 is set.

(6) Pressure register P... This register sets a pressure value detected through the detection circuit 22.

(7) Pen status register PSW: This is used when an electronic pen 34A having a pen tip switch is used. If the pen tip switch is turned on (touched), "1" is set.
Are off (non-contact), "0" is set respectively.

(8) Old x-coordinate register X _p ... This is from register X to x
The coordinate value is set. While register X indicates the x-coordinate value at the time of this timer interrupt, register X
_p indicates the x coordinate value at the time of the previous timer interruption.

(9) data flag OLD ... This is because of representing the presence or absence of data in the register X _p, "1" if the data present, representing a "0" if no data.

(10) Distance register DIST ... This is the difference obtained by subtracting the value of the register X from the value of register X _p (travel distance per unit time) is set.

Main Routine (FIG. 14) FIG. 14 shows the flow of the processing of the main routine, and this routine is started when the power is turned on or the like.

First, in step 100, various registers are initialized. For example, all the registers (1) to (10) are cleared. Then, the process proceeds to step 102.

In step 102, it is determined whether there is a key-on event on the keyboard 36. If yes (Y), a key-on subroutine is executed in step 104 as described later with reference to FIG.

When the result of the determination in step 102 is negative (N) or when the process in step 104 is completed, the process proceeds to step 106, and it is determined whether or not a key-off event has occurred on the keyboard 36. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), the routine proceeds to step 108, where a key-off subroutine is executed as described later with reference to FIG.

When the result of the determination in step 106 is negative or when the process in step 108 is completed, the process proceeds to step 110, where it is determined whether the mode switch has an ON event. If this determination result is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 112, where "1"
Set the value obtained by subtracting the content of MD from MD. That is, if the content of MD is "0", MD is set to "1", and if the content of MD is "1", MD is set to "0". As a result, the position mode and the speed mode are alternately designated each time the mode switch is turned on.

When the determination result of step 110 is negative (N) or when the process of step 112 is completed, the process proceeds to step 114, and other processes (for example, a process of setting a volume or the like) are executed. Thereafter, the process returns to step 102, and the subsequent processes are repeated in the same manner as described above.

Key-On Subroutine (FIG. 15) FIG. 15 shows a key-on subroutine. In step 120, a key code related to key-on is set in KCD. Then, the process proceeds to step 122.

In step 122, it is determined whether any of the contents of the KOR is "0". If the result of this determination is negative (N), all the sound sources are in use and the key code assignment process is not performed, and
It returns to the routine of FIG. Note that even when all the sound sources are in use, rewriting may be performed in order from the key on first.

If the determination result in step 122 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 124, in which the key code of the KCD is stored in any of the registers KCR (KCR1 to KCR4 in FIG. 6) corresponding to the KOR determined to be "0". Is set. Then, the process proceeds to step 126.

In step 126, “1” is set to the KOR corresponding to the KCR related to the key code set. Then, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

According to the routine of FIG. 15, for example, when KOR1 is "0", a key code is set in KCR1 and KOR1 is set.
Is set to "1", and a tone can be generated by the sound source TG1.

Key Off Subroutine (FIG. 16) FIG. 16 shows a key off subroutine. In step 130, a key code related to key off is set in KCD. Then, the process proceeds to step 132.

In step 132, it is determined whether any of the KCRs has the same key code as the KCD. If the result of this determination is negative (N), no musical tone corresponding to the key that has been turned off is being generated, and
Since the key-off process is unnecessary, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 132 is affirmative (Y), the process proceeds to step 134, where the KOR corresponding to the KCR having the same key code is cleared (set to "0"). Then, after clearing the KCR with the same key code in step 136, the 14th
It returns to the routine of the figure.

According to the routine of FIG. 15, for example, when KCR1 has the same key code as KCD, both KOR1 and KCR1 are cleared, and in response to the clearing of KCR1, the sound source TG1 receives the seventh key code.
The delay circuits 60 and 68 in the figure become non-conductive, and the tone being generated starts to attenuate. Note that, without performing key-off clearing, all mute processing may be performed in response to a pen release operation (change of the value of P or PSW to 0).

Timer Interrupt Routine (FIG. 17) FIG. 17 shows a timer interrupt routine, which starts at a cycle of, for example, 3 [ms] for each clock pulse of the timer clock signal TMC.

First, in step 140, the x-coordinate value from the detection circuit 22 is calculated.
The y coordinate value and the pressure value are taken and set to X, Y and P, respectively. When the electronic pen 34A having a pen tip switch is used, the status signal (“1” or “0”) of the pen tip switch is set to PSW.

Next, in step 142, it is determined whether all of the KORs are “0”. If the result of this determination is affirmative (Y), none of the sound sources is generating a tone and processing is not required, and the process returns to the routine of FIG.

If the determination result of step 142 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 144, where it is determined whether the value of P is 0 (whether the electronic pen is not in contact). When a pen having a nib switch is used as the electronic pen 34A, PS is replaced with PS
It is determined whether the content of W is “0”. If the result of such determination is affirmative (Y), the processing described below is not necessary, and the routine returns to the routine of FIG.

When the determination result of step 144 is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 146, where the distribution ratio data corresponding to the value of Y is read from the memory 21 and set in the register RAT (FIG. 6). Then, the process proceeds to step 148.

In step 148, the pressure data corresponding to the value of P is read from the memory 20, and set in the register RP (FIG. 6). Then, the process proceeds to step 150.

In step 150, it is determined whether the content of the MD is “1” (speed mode). If the determination result is negative (N), the process proceeds to step 152.

At step 152, speed data corresponding to the value of X is read from the memory 18A and set in the register VR (FIG. 6). By the processing of step 152, x as shown in FIG.
The speed can be specified according to the coordinate value (the operation position in the x direction). For example, in the input panel 34, x on the right side of X _m / 2
If a coordinate value is indicated, a positive speed value corresponding to the coordinate value is obtained. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pulling direction in FIG. 8 or FIG. If the x coordinate value is indicated on the left side of X _m / 2, a negative speed value is obtained correspondingly. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pushing direction in FIG. 8 or FIG.

When the process of step 152 is completed, the process returns to the routine of FIG.

When the determination result of step 150 is affirmative (Y) passes to step 154, (or no data to X _P) content is "0" or OLD determined. For example, first step 15 after power on
In a case such as 4, the determination result of step 154 is affirmative (Y), and the process proceeds to step 156.

At step 156, OLD is set to "1". And
After setting the value of X to X _P in step 158, the process returns to the routine in FIG. 14.

Thereafter, when the routine of FIG. 17 is entered again, step 15
The determination result of 4 is negative (N), and the routine proceeds to step 160.

In step 160, it sets the difference obtained by subtracting the value of X from the value of X _P to DIST. Then, the process proceeds to step 162.

In step 162, speed data corresponding to the value of DIST is read from the memory 18B and set in the register VR (FIG. 6). Then, the value of X from the set X _P in step 158, the process returns to the routine in FIG. 14.

According to the processing of steps 154 to 162, it is possible to specify the speed according to the moving distance per unit time (operation speed in the x direction) as shown in FIG. For example, the sign of if moving the input panel 34 of the electronic pen 34A in the right direction difference (X _P -X) is negative and positive velocity value in FIG. 3 is obtained. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pulling direction in FIG. 8 or FIG. If the pen 34A is moved to the left, the sign of the difference becomes positive, and a negative speed value is obtained in FIG. This corresponds to the bow speed or input in the pushing direction in FIG. 8 or FIG.

Modifications The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
It can be implemented in various modifications. For example, the following changes are possible.

(1) The present invention can be applied not only to a double-tone electronic musical instrument but also to a single-tone electronic musical instrument.

(2) The operating means is not limited to the digitizer type, but may be a means such as a mouse which can move in a plane.
Further, the input panel is not limited to a panel using an input tool such as a pen, but may be a panel capable of touch input.

(3) The sound source circuit is not limited to the one that simulates a bowed musical instrument, but may be one that simulates a wind instrument, or another well-known sound source circuit.

(4) The speed information may be converted into acceleration information and used for tone control.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the tone characteristic is controlled by designating the speed by operating in one direction on the surface and designating the position by operating in the other direction crossing the one direction. As a result, various expressions can be added to the rising, sustaining, falling, etc. of the musical tone with a simple configuration and operation, and the effect of generating a musical tone similar to a bowed instrument, a wind instrument, etc. can be obtained. Things.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 show memories 18A and 18 respectively.
6 is a graph illustrating the conversion characteristics of B, 20 and 21, respectively. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the tone generator 28, FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the tone generator TG1, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a characteristic change of the non-linear conversion unit NL, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are waveform diagrams respectively illustrating an input example and an output example of the non-linear conversion unit NL, FIG. 12 is a graph showing an example of the non-linear conversion characteristic, FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of applying hysteresis by feedback, FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a main routine, and FIGS. And a flowchart showing a key-off subroutine. FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a timer interrupt routine. 10 Bus, 12 Central processing unit, 14 Program memory, 16 Working memory, 18 Speed conversion memory, 20 Pen pressure-bow pressure conversion memory, 21 Coordinate-distribution ratio conversion Memory, 22: Coordinate / pressure detection circuit, 24: Key press detection circuit, 26: Operation detection circuit, 28: Sound source circuit, 32 ...
Timer circuit, 34 Input panel, 34A Electronic pen, 36
... keyboard, 38 ... switch group, 40 ... sound system, TG1-TG4 ... sound source, DM1-DM4 ... key code-delay amount conversion memory, MP1-MP4 ... multiplier circuit, PAT ... distribution ratio register , SB ... Subtraction circuit.

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G10H 1/00-7/12

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] (A) operating means operable on a surface; (b) detecting operation information corresponding to an operation position or displacement amount in one direction in accordance with the operation of the operating means, and Detecting means for detecting position information corresponding to an operating position in the other direction intersecting with the one direction in response to an operation; (c) information generating means for generating speed information based on the operating information from the detecting means; (D) tone generating means for generating a tone signal having tone characteristics according to the speed information from the information generating means; and (e) controlling tone characteristics of the tone signal based on position information from the detecting means. An electronic musical instrument with control means. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said information generating means generates speed information corresponding to an operation position. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said information generating means generates speed information corresponding to an operation speed. 4. The detecting means detects pressure information corresponding to an operating pressure in accordance with an operation of the operating means, and the control means detects the tone signal based on the pressure information from the detecting means. The electronic musical instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which controls the tone characteristics of the electronic musical instrument. (A) an information circulation path in which a first variable delay means, a first phase inversion means, a second variable delay means, and a second phase inversion means are sequentially connected in a closed loop; (D) instruction means for instructing a total delay amount of the first and second variable delay means in accordance with a pitch of a musical tone to be generated; (c) operation means operable on a plane; Detects operation information corresponding to an operation position or displacement amount in one direction according to operation of the operation means, and detects position information corresponding to an operation position in another direction crossing the one direction according to operation of the operation means. (E) information generating means for generating speed information based on operation information from the detecting means; and (f) position information from the detecting means, the first and second variable delay means. To the distribution ratio information representing the distribution ratio of the total delay amount to (G) control means for controlling the delay amount of each variable delay means to distribute the total delay amount to the first and second variable delay means according to the distribution ratio information from the conversion means. (H) conversion input means for converting the speed information from the information generating means into excitation waveform information and inputting the excitation waveform information to circulate the information circulation path, and (i) the sound from the information circulation path. An electronic musical instrument provided with deriving means for deriving circulating waveform information having a height as musical sound waveform information. 6. The detecting means detects pressure information corresponding to an operation pressure in accordance with an operation of the operating means, and the conversion input means includes a conversion characteristic corresponding to the pressure information from the detecting means. 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the velocity information is converted into excitation waveform information according to the following.