JP3585058B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to an improvement in a tone control mechanism having a swingable keyboard.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an electronic keyboard instrument, the keyboard is configured to be movable in a lateral direction (left / right direction, that is, a direction in which keys are arranged) with respect to the main body of the instrument in order to enhance performance expression. By moving or vibrating in the horizontal direction, the amount of movement (displacement) is detected, and for example, tone, volume, pitch, or various musical sounds such as reverb, pan, vibrato, etc. are controlled in accordance with the detection result to expand the range of performance. Technologies that enhance expressiveness have been developed.
[0003]
A conventional keyboard structure which can be moved in the horizontal direction is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 5-90592. In the keyboard structure disclosed in this publication, a key guide member connecting each key is configured to be entirely movable with respect to a key frame fixed to the musical instrument main body side, and the key guide member and the key frame are disposed between the key guide member and the key frame. Detecting means comprising a pressure-sensitive sensor for detecting the moving amount and moving speed of the key guide member, and pressing the respective keys in the lateral direction to move the entire key guide member with respect to the key frame, thereby detecting means. Describes a configuration of a tone control mechanism for detecting the amount of movement.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the keyboard structure according to the prior art, when an external impact or the like acts on the musical instrument main body, the musical instrument main body vibrates, and the detecting means of the musical tone control mechanism operates to transmit a detection signal. The tone changes based on the signal. As a result, tone control not intended by the player is performed.
[0005]
In order to prevent such problems, the weight of the instrument body is made very large so that the instrument body does not vibrate due to impact or the like, or it is configured to be movable with respect to the instrument body such as keys and key guide members. However, it is necessary to make the mass very small so that disturbance vibration hardly affects the calculation result.
[0006]
However, it is possible for a large stationary instrument to make the weight of the instrument main body so large that disturbance vibration does not occur, but it is difficult for a musical instrument to be carried around such as a synthesizer. In general, a keyboard stand of an electronic keyboard instrument is not very rigid in an upright state, but swings when a strong external force is applied, and impact vibration due to disturbance is inevitable. Furthermore, in the case of the shoulder keyboard, it is almost impossible to prevent disturbance vibration which causes the detection means to malfunction due to the vibrating state of the instrument body which is always shaken.
[0007]
In addition, reducing the mass of the key, the key guide member, and the like is not preferable because the strength is structurally weakened and the strength is increased because the structure becomes complicated. Furthermore, to increase the reliability of the detection results, the mass of movable members such as keys and key guide members should be large, and the mass should be extremely small considering the added value of the product due to the weight of the instrument. Is not preferred.
[0008]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and has been described in a keyboard apparatus which is constructed such that a keyboard portion is movable with respect to a musical instrument main body and generates a tone control signal based on a detection result of the movement amount. It is an object of the present invention to provide a keyboard device capable of obtaining a tone control signal excluding the influence of vibration due to disturbance unintended by a user.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 1, a keyboard supported displaceably with respect to a musical instrument main body, a first elastic member elastically deformed in accordance with the displacement of the keyboard, and the keyboard of the keyboard. A first sensor for detecting displacement of the first elastic member with respect to the musical instrument main body, and musical sound control means for controlling musical sounds in accordance with the detection output of the first sensor (for example, an arithmetic circuit and data necessary for arithmetic operation). In an electronic musical instrument equipped with a stored memory or the like), a mass body is provided on the instrument main body via a second elastic member, and a displacement of the mass body with respect to the musical instrument main body or a displacement of the second elastic member is detected. An electronic musical instrument characterized in that a second sensor is provided and the second sensor is connected to the musical tone control means together with the first sensor.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that a damper for braking is provided for each of the first and second elastic members.
[0011]
Further, in the invention according to claim 3, the natural frequency of the keyboard matches the natural frequency of the mass body, and the musical tone control means calculates disturbance vibration on the keyboard based on the output of the second sensor. In addition, the apparatus is characterized in that the disturbance vibration component is corrected from the output of the first sensor due to keyboard movement to generate a musical tone control signal.
[0012]
[Action]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, when an impact or the like due to disturbance is applied to the instrument body, the instrument body vibrates, the keyboard vibrates, the first elastic member vibrates, and the mass body vibrates, and the second elastic body vibrates. The member vibrates. The displacement of the keyboard with respect to the instrument body or the vibration of the first elastic member is detected by the first sensor and input to the musical tone control means, and the displacement of the mass body with respect to the instrument body or the vibration of the second elastic member is detected by the second sensor. And similarly input to the tone control means. Accordingly, the musical tone control means calculates disturbance vibration based on a signal from the second sensor, and based on the disturbance vibration and a signal from the first sensor for detecting a movement originally intended by the player. A tone control signal can be generated.
[0013]
According to the invention according to claim 2, a damper for braking is provided for each elastic member. By the action of the damper, the elastic member is returned in an over-braking state, and the vibration can be suppressed. As a result, a vibration displacement curve (a graph of the return displacement of the elastic member with respect to time) indicating the motion characteristics of the elastic member is simplified, and the calculation based on the sensor output is simplified. Also, when performing another tone control for the displacement in the left-right direction or when making the left-right displacement correspond to vibrato control, etc., the elastic member returns to the over-braking state without vibrating. It is possible to reliably detect the player's intention.
[0014]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the natural frequencies of the keyboard and the mass body connected to the first and second elastic members are equal, the vibration caused by disturbance has the same phase in both the first and second elastic members. It can be regarded as a sine wave having the same period, and it is possible to easily correct the disturbance vibration based on the detection output of the first elastic member and the detection output of the second elastic member.
[0015]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a tone control mechanism of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. A keyboard 2 is attached to the musical instrument main body 1 so as to be swingable in a horizontal direction (a direction in which keys are arranged, that is, a horizontal direction in the drawing). A first elastic member 3 is mounted between the musical instrument main body 1 and the keyboard 2. The keyboard 2 swings (vibrates) in the lateral direction as shown by an arrow A with respect to the musical instrument main body 1 within the range of the elastic deformation of the first elastic member 3. The mass body 4 is further attached to the musical instrument main body 1 via a second elastic member 5. Like the keyboard 2, the mass body 4 can swing laterally as indicated by an arrow A within the range of elastic deformation of the second elastic member 5.
[0016]
The elastic displacement a of the first elastic member 3 is, for example, a first displacement sensor 6 including a strain sensor attached to the member 3 or an optical sensor as shown by a sensor 32 in FIG. -1 is detected. The elastic displacement b of the second elastic member 5 is detected by a second displacement sensor 6-2 having the same configuration as that of the first displacement sensor 6-1. The first displacement sensor 6-1 is connected to the calculation unit 8 via the A / D converter 7-1, and the displacement detection amount of the first elastic member 3 is input to the calculation unit 8 as an S1 signal. Similarly, the second displacement sensor 6-2 is connected to the calculation unit 8 via the A / D converter 7-2, and the displacement detection amount of the second elastic member 5 is input to the calculation unit 8 as an S2 signal. . Further, pitch data from the keyboard is input to the arithmetic unit 8 via a line L. The operation unit 8 is connected to a parameter table memory group 9 composed of a ROM or the like storing data necessary for various tone control. The parameter table memory group 9 stores a conversion table for detection data corresponding to a musical tone to be controlled, and a mathematical expression, a coefficient, and the like for arithmetic processing according to a control condition. The operation unit 8 reads necessary data from the parameter table memory group 9 and removes the influence of disturbance vibration as described later based on the S1 signal, the S2 signal and the pitch data, and controls the tone according to the player's will. Combine the signals. Therefore, the arithmetic section 8 and the parameter table memory group 9 constitute the musical tone control means of the first aspect. The tone control signal created by the tone control means is input to the tone generator 10 and output as audio from an audio circuit 11 such as a speaker.
[0017]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. The key 26 is swingable in the vertical direction (up and down direction) along the key guide 28 as shown by an arrow B, and the player performs a key pressing performance operation. A key guide 28 that engages with each key 26 is fixed to the keyboard frame 24. The keyboard frame 24 is connected to a shelf board 20 as a musical instrument main body via a first leaf spring 22 that can be elastically deformed in the horizontal direction (the direction of arrow A). Therefore, the keyboard frame 24 can swing as indicated by the arrow A within the range of elastic deformation of the first leaf spring 22. Therefore, the player elastically deforms the first leaf spring 22 by swinging the keyboard 26 in the horizontal direction as indicated by arrow C (including the case where the keyboard 26 is urged in one direction or alternately oscillated in both directions). Then, it can be swung as shown by the arrow A. The first leaf springs 22 are provided at both left and right ends of the keyboard frame 24.
[0018]
A rigid body 30 is fixed on the shelf 20 so as to face the first leaf spring 22 (only one leaf spring may be used). A displacement (distance) between the rigid body 30 and the leaf spring 22 is provided between the first leaf spring 22 and the rigid body 30 by a damper 34 for braking the elastic deformation movement of the leaf spring 22 and the elastic deformation of the leaf spring 22. An optical sensor 32 for detection is provided. As the sensor 32, for example, a reflection-type sensor as illustrated is used. In this reflection type sensor, a light emitting element 32b and a light receiving element 32c are provided in a case 32a made of an elastic material, and a white reflecting surface 32d is formed on the inner surface of the case to elastically deform the case 32a in accordance with the elastic deformation of the leaf spring 22. The displacement of the leaf spring 22 is detected by displacing the reflection surface 32d in the case 32a to change the amount of received light. The reflection type sensor may have the same shape as the movable portion of the key switch whose case shape is a bowl shape.
[0019]
A second leaf spring 38 is further mounted on the shelf 20 so as to be elastically deformed in the lateral direction similarly to the first leaf spring 22. A mass body 36 having a predetermined mass is supported on the upper end of the second leaf spring 38. A rigid body 40 is fixed on the shelf 20 facing the second leaf spring 38 in the same manner as for the first leaf spring 22, and a damper 42 is provided between the rigid body 40 and the second leaf spring 38. And an optical sensor 44 is mounted. The configuration and operation of the damper 42 and the sensor 44 are the same as those of the damper 34 and the sensor 32 provided corresponding to the first leaf spring 22 described above.
[0020]
FIG. 3 is a diagram modeling the above embodiment. The operation of the keyboard device according to the above embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.
[0021]
The keyboard 2 in FIG. 1 (corresponding to the key 26, the key guide 26, and the keyboard frame 24 in FIG. 2) is represented as a mass body having a mass M1 in FIG. 3, and a first elastic member 3 (a first leaf spring in FIG. 2). 22) is represented by K1. The keyboard 2 and the first elastic member 3 constitute a first system X1 for controlling a musical tone by a player's operation.
[0022]
Similarly, the mass of the mass body 4 in FIG. 1 (corresponding to the mass body 36 in FIG. 2) is represented by M2 in FIG. 3, and the spring of the second elastic member 5 (corresponding to the second leaf spring 38 in FIG. 2). The constant is represented by K2. The mass body 4 and the second elastic member 5 constitute a second system X2 for removing disturbance vibration. The first system X1 and the second system X2 are both provided on the same musical instrument body 1 (corresponding to the shelf 20 in FIG. 2).
[0023]
In this case, the mass M2 and the spring constant K2 of the second system X2 are set such that K1 / M1 = K2 / M2 for each of the first systems X1. As a result, the unique angular frequency of each of the systems X1 and X2 is ω = (K1 / M1) ^1/2 = (K2 / M2) ^1/2 , and both are equal.
[0024]
When the musical tone is controlled by the performance operation, for example, the key 26 (FIG. 2) is swung in the horizontal direction as shown by the arrow C with respect to the stationary musical instrument body. Thereby, the first leaf spring 22 (the first elastic member 3 (FIG. 1)) swings as shown by the arrow A, and the elastic displacement is detected by the sensor 32 (the first displacement sensor 6-1 (FIG. 1)). Is detected. The signal of the detected displacement amount is input to the arithmetic unit 8 as a digital S1 signal (FIG. 1). At this time, since the mass body 4 (36) is kept stationary, the second elastic member 5 (the second leaf spring 38) does not swing and no displacement is detected. Accordingly, the S2 signal in FIG. 1 is zero, and the calculation unit 8 creates a tone control signal only by the S1 signal based on the intention of the player and inputs this to the sound source.
[0025]
On the other hand, when a disturbance such as an impact acts on the instrument body, that is, when a disturbance force F acts on the instrument body 1 in FIG. 3, the instrument body 1 (20) vibrates and the keyboard of the first system X1. 2 (24, 26, 28) vibrates, and the mass body 4 (36) of the second system X2 vibrates. Therefore, the displacement detection signal S2 of the second elastic member 5 (38) by the second displacement sensor 6-2 is input to the calculation unit 8 together with the detection signal S1 by the first displacement sensor 6-1. Here, as described above, since the natural frequencies of the first system X1 and the second system X2 are equal, both the S1 signal and the S2 signal can be regarded as sine waves having the same phase and the same cycle. Therefore, if the tone control signal is a function S (t) of time t, it can be expressed as S (t) = S1 (t) -G * S2 (t) (G is a constant). Therefore, when disturbance vibration is applied during the performance operation, the arithmetic unit 8 uses the G read out from the parameter table memory group 9 in accordance with the control condition to use the signal S1 of the first system X1 related to the performance operation. By removing the component of the signal S2 of the second system X2 related to the disturbance vibration from the above, it is possible to create a tone control signal accurately corresponding to the control operation by the player.
[0026]
In order to more accurately detect disturbance vibration, a plurality of systems for removing disturbance vibration (for example, in each of the X, Y, and Z directions) may be provided.
[0027]
In addition, the sensor of the elastic member in each system is not limited to an optical sensor, but a sensor for detecting a force such as a pressure sensor, a sensor for detecting a speed of a two-make system, a resistance change detecting sensor such as a strain gauge, or any other suitable position. It may be a detection sensor. Regardless of the type of sensor, the detection is performed based on the displacement of the elastic member.
[0028]
Next, the operation of the dampers provided in the systems X1 and X2 in the above embodiment will be described. By providing a damper, a system having a resistance proportional to the speed is obtained. When a mass point (mass m) on the x-axis is pulled back to the origin, the force is -kx, and the resistance proportional to the velocity is -λx '. Therefore, the equation of motion is mx ″ = − kx−λx ′
It is expressed as Here, if the resistance (−λx ′) is not too large, it can be regarded as a simple equation of damped vibration, so that calculation for removing disturbance vibration can be performed only by adjusting the damping ratios in the respective systems X1 and X2.
[0029]
On the other hand, when the musical tone control operation is performed by actually mounting each system on a musical instrument, an overbraking state in which the system is attenuated without vibration may be preferable. That is, if a performance operation element (for example, each key of the keyboard) is pressed and left at an arbitrary position, the element is returned to a physically neutral position by the time the operation element is used next time. desirable. In this case, the return operation is desirably quick and does not vibrate. This is because a key that has not returned to the neutral position is detected when detecting the key pressing force in the left and right direction and using it for vibrato control, or when controlling with different musical tones in each of the left and right directions. This is to eliminate the possibility of generating an error signal.
[0030]
FIG. 4 is a graph of the return operation of the performance operator. (A) shows a damped vibration, and is a graph when no damper is provided. The three graphs (B), (C), and (D) show the damping operation of overbraking in the case where the damper is provided, and the movement is aperiodic motion substantially without vibration. In the case of such overbraking, the motion characteristics can be matched by mechanically matching the configurations of the systems X1 and X2, and the arithmetic processing can be performed using a simple difference equation. In addition, since the neutral return is quickly performed by the braking, the performance can be performed without disturbing the musical sound when a sudden impact is applied.
[0031]
Hereinafter, an example of arithmetic processing for generating a tone control signal will be further described.
[0032]
Assuming that the aforementioned tone control signal is S, the signal A / D-converted from the first system X1 is S1, and the signal A / D-converted from the second system X2 is S2, then S = F ( S1, S2)
It becomes. A more specific example representing the signal S will be described below.
[0033]
As a first example, as described above, there is S = S1−GS2 (G is a constant). In this case, when the disturbance vibration acts, the natural frequency and the phase of each system match, but the amplitude of each system is different. Therefore, the constant G is adjusted so that S = 0 when disturbance vibration acts. By setting such G in advance and storing it in a memory and performing arithmetic processing based thereon, it is possible to prevent a tone control signal from being erroneously generated when a disturbance vibration is applied, and to prevent a tone control signal from being generated during a tone control operation. When disturbance vibration is applied, the disturbance vibration component is removed, and the musical tone can be controlled based only on the player's will.
[0034]
As a second example, S = aS1−bS2 using preset parameters a and b.
Can be used. In this equation, by appropriately setting the values of a and b, tone control signals having various control characteristics can be obtained as shown in the following examples.
[0035]
(I) If a = 1 and b = 0, the signal from the second system X2 is ignored, so that the operation is the same as that of a conventional musical instrument.
[0036]
(Ii) If a = 0 and b <0, the signal from the first system X1 is ignored and the tone is controlled only by the signal from the second system X2. Thus, it is possible to obtain a control characteristic in which the musical tone does not change by the rocking operation of the keyboard, but the musical tone changes by intentionally shaking the musical instrument body.
[0037]
(Iii) If a> 0 and b <0, the signals from both the first and second systems X1 and X2 are added up, so that the musical tone can be changed by the lateral swing operation of the keyboard. Further, the musical tone can be changed even when the musical instrument body is swung in the lateral direction.
[0038]
If a = 1 and b = G, the result is the same as that of the first example.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when an impact or the like due to disturbance is applied to the musical instrument main body, the musical instrument main body vibrates, the keyboard vibrates, the first elastic member vibrates, and the mass body vibrates. Then, the second elastic member vibrates, the vibration of the first elastic member is detected by the first sensor and input to the musical tone control means, and the vibration of the second elastic member is detected by the second sensor. Is input to the musical tone control means, the musical tone control means calculates a disturbance vibration based on a signal from the second sensor, and detects the disturbance vibration and a movement originally intended by the player by a first sensor. The tone control signal can be generated by correcting or removing the disturbance vibration based on the signal from the CPU. This prevents a tone control signal from being erroneously generated when disturbing vibration is applied, and removes the disturbing vibration component when disturbing vibration is applied during the tone control operation, thereby limiting the player's will only. The musical tone can be controlled based on the musical tone.
[0040]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, a damper for braking is provided for each elastic member, and the elastic member can return to an over-braking state by the action of the damper, thereby suppressing vibration. The vibration displacement curve indicating the motion characteristics is simplified, and the calculation based on the sensor output is simplified. Also, when performing another tone control for the displacement in the left and right direction or when making the left and right displacement correspond to vibrato, the elastic member returns to the over-braking state without vibrating. Can be reliably detected.
[0041]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the natural frequencies of the keyboard and the mass body connected to the first and second elastic members are equal, the vibration caused by disturbance has the same phase in both the first and second elastic members. It can be regarded as a sine wave having the same period, and the disturbance vibration can be easily corrected based on the detection output of the first elastic member and the detection output of the second elastic member.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a main part configuration of a keyboard device and a block circuit of a musical tone control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a main part configuration diagram showing a more specific configuration of the keyboard device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram in which each component of the keyboard device according to the embodiment of the present invention is modeled and displayed.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of an attenuation curve of a damper for braking of the keyboard device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Instrument main body, 2: Keyboard, 3: First elastic member, 4: Mass body, 5: Second elastic member, 6-1: First displacement sensor, 6-2: Second displacement sensor, 7-1, 7-2: A / D converter, 8: arithmetic unit, 9: parameter table memory group, 10: sound source, 20: shelf board (instrument body), 22: first leaf spring, 24: keyboard Frame, 26: key, 28: key guide, 30: rigid body, 32: optical sensor, 34: damper, 36: mass body, 38: second leaf spring, 40: rigid body, 42: damper, 44: optical sensor.

Claims (3)

A keyboard supported to be displaceable with respect to the instrument body, a first elastic member elastically deformed in accordance with the displacement of the keyboard, and detecting a displacement of the keyboard with respect to the instrument body or a displacement of the first elastic member. An electronic musical instrument comprising a first sensor and a musical tone control means for controlling a musical tone according to a detection output of the first sensor,
A mass body is provided on the musical instrument body via a second elastic member, and a second sensor for detecting a displacement of the mass body with respect to the musical instrument body or a displacement of the second elastic member is provided. An electronic musical instrument, characterized in that said sensor is connected to said musical tone control means together with said first sensor. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein a damper for braking is provided for each of the first and second elastic members. The natural frequency of the keyboard matches the natural frequency of the mass body, the musical tone control means calculates disturbance vibration on the keyboard based on the output of the second sensor, and calculates the disturbance vibration on the keyboard from the output of the first sensor. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical tone control signal is generated by correcting a disturbance vibration component.

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