JPH08287127A - Product assembly evaluating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To calculate the man-hours and easiness of product assembly from the shapes and weight of the components by calculating the man-hours of the assembly of the components from the cumulative value of the operation times of evaluation items selected out of a data base. CONSTITUTION: When production specification input information and selection information are inputted from an input means 20, an arithmetic control part 40 reads evaluation items, corresponding to an operation kind at the time of the assembly of the product corresponding to the input information, out of the data base 10. Then, difficulty Rk by components is found from Rk=(Σei-ST)×α+ΣPi, where Σei is the man-hours of the assembly by the components found from the cumulative values of the operation times of the evaluation items selected out of the data base 10 according to the selection information, ST a reference assembly time value, α an evaluation coefficient, and ΣPi the total of operation times that are not included in the man-hour calculation. Based on the difficulty Rk by the components, the easiness of the assembly of the product is found and the man-hours by the components are multiplied by the number of the components to calculate the assembly man-hours of the product, which are outputted to a display means 30.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the ease of assembling products and
The present invention relates to a product assembling ability evaluation device capable of quantifying the number of assembling steps.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the WF method (Work-Factor) has been used as a method for obtaining the assembly man-hours of home electric appliances such as televisions and personal computers.
method). The WF method is one of the standard time setting methods in which the time setting of manual work is done by desk calculation without using a stopwatch. Motion is decomposed into element motions, and appropriate time values are set for each element motion unit. Is determined in advance, and the working time is calculated by the synthesis.

There are detailed methods and simple methods in the WF method.
Here, the RWF (Read
y Work Factor) method is explained. For example, when the two parts 1 and 2 in FIG. 17 are assembled into one product 3, the assembly sequence (operation) is analyzed as follows. in this case,
The parts are arranged as shown in FIG. 17, and thereafter the work shown in FIG. 18 is performed.

1) Move the right hand, for example, 35 cm and bring it onto the part 1. 2) Grab component 1. 3) Move the component 1 to the assembly place, for example, 30 cm.

4) Place component 1 at the assembly location. 5) For example, move the right hand over the component 2 by 30 cm. 6) Grasp part 2.

7) The component 2 is moved to the component 1 side by, for example, 30 cm. 8) Assemble component 2 into component 1. From the above operation, as shown in FIG. 19 and FIG.
Pick up the time value corresponding to the time table of (1) and add them up to be the product man-hour (assembly time value).

This RWF method (method performed by using the table issued by the Japan Management Association <shown in FIGS. 19 and 20>) is a method generally recognized by those involved in production engineering (IE). is there.

In this case, as a method of calculating the ease of assembly, a method is known in which many simple questions are asked for each part and the assembly index for the question is summed over all parts (assemblability evaluation method). However, the content of the question and the assembly index corresponding thereto are determined by the know-how of several people, for example.

For example, when evaluating the two parts shown in FIG. 17, the following questions are answered Yes or No. 10) Preceding classification / selection combination is required. : 711) I hate oil.

12) The parts are intertwined with each other. : 3 13) The assembling direction is from bottom to top. : 5 14) Lead wires need to be processed. : There are a total of 120 question items such as 3.

When these questions are met, the points on the right side are added and the points of the parts are expressed by the deduction method from 100 points. In this case, the ease of assembling the product (evaluation score) is an average value obtained by dividing the score obtained by each component by the component score. Assuming that 10), 12), and 13) are applicable to the component 1, the component 1 has 15 points deduction, and the evaluation point is 85 points.

If only 12) is applicable to the part 2, the part 2 has 3 points deduction, and the evaluation point is 97 points. The product evaluation score is the average score of the parts, and is (85 + 9
7) / 2 = 91 points.

[0013]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The conventional RW described above
The method of calculating the assembly man-hours of a product based on the F method has the following problems. B) The motion analysis necessary to calculate the assembly man-hours using the RWF method is difficult for general workers and machine designers who do not have prior knowledge, as the education is provided by the Japan Management Association.

(B) Similarly, it is difficult to associate the motion analysis with the RWF time value table. C) Even an expert who analyzes the motion cannot accurately calculate the time value unless he / she grasps the actual work in the factory in detail.

D) The ease of assembly is not universal because the assembly index is determined by the know-how of several people, and the evaluation points are handled differently between plants. For example, the product of factory A is 60
In the case of points, it is not difficult to assemble by the factory and it is 70 points in terms of points.
It is difficult to persuade if you feel it is a point. Also, A
If the deduction points are matched to the factory, the same thing may happen at factory B.

E) It takes time to calculate man-hours and ease of assembly. An object of the present invention is to provide a product assemblability evaluation apparatus capable of calculating the number of man-hours and ease of assembling a product from the shape and weight of a component without performing detailed motion analysis.

[0017]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 provides an evaluation item according to the type of work at the time of assembling product constituent parts of each product and each evaluation item. A database in which corresponding work time values are stored and stored, product specific input information for specifying at least the product name, and selection information for selecting an evaluation item according to the type of work during assembly can be input. Input means, display means for displaying evaluation items and assembly man-hours based on the selection information input by the input means, and input from the database based on the product-specific input information and the selection information from the input means Read the evaluation items according to the type of work at the time of assembling the product corresponding to the information, and work on the evaluation items selected in the database based on the selection information. The assembly man-hour for each part is calculated based on the cumulative value of the interval values, the assembly man-hour for each part is multiplied by the number of parts to calculate the product assembly man-hour, and the calculated product assembly man-hour is output to the display means. A product assembling property evaluation apparatus comprising:

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 2 is such that an evaluation item corresponding to a type of work at the time of assembling a product component of each product and a work time value corresponding to each evaluation item are provided. Stored database, input means for inputting at least product specific input information for specifying the product name and selection information for selecting an evaluation item according to the type of work at the time of assembly, and the input means. Display means for displaying the evaluation item and the assembly man-hour based on the selection information input by the above, and the assembly of the product corresponding to the input information from the database based on the product specific input information and the selection information from the input means. The evaluation item corresponding to the type of work at the time is read out, and based on the cumulative value of the working time values of the evaluation items selected in the database based on the selection information. Σe the assembly man-hours of each are required parts
i and set the standard assembly time value (basic assembly man-hour) to ST
And the evaluation coefficient is α, and the difficulty Rk for each part is Rk =, where ΣPi is the total work time that is not included in the man-hour calculation.
(Σei −ST) × α + ΣPi is obtained, the easiness of assembling the product is obtained based on the difficulty Rk of each part, and the assembly man-hour of the product is calculated by multiplying the assembly man-hour of each part by the number of parts.
A product assemblability evaluation apparatus comprising: an arithmetic and control unit that outputs the calculated man-hours for assembling the product and the ease of assembly to the display unit.

[0019]

According to the invention corresponding to claim 1, the arithmetic control means is stored in the database by selecting the evaluation item displayed on the display screen of the display means according to the product constituent parts to be assembled. The assembly man-hour is automatically calculated based on the work time value corresponding to each evaluation item, and the calculated man-hour is displayed on the display means. As a result,
The assembly man-hours can be calculated without performing detailed motion analysis as in the past.

According to the invention corresponding to claim 2, the operation control means is stored in the database by selecting the evaluation item displayed on the display screen of the display means according to the product constituent parts to be assembled. The assembly man-hours are calculated based on the work time values corresponding to the respective evaluation items, and the calculated assembly man-hours are displayed on the display means and the ease of assembly is displayed on the display means. As a result, the number of man-hours for assembly and the ease of assembly can be calculated without performing detailed motion analysis as in the conventional case.

[0021]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The product assemblability evaluation apparatus of this embodiment is composed of a personal computer, and specifically, as shown in FIG.
0, an input unit 20, a display unit 30, and an arithmetic control unit 40, which is used to calculate the assembly man-hours and quantify the ease of assembly, and to make it easy for a product designer to evaluate. By narrowing down the items from the conventional RWF method, the evaluation time is shortened, a personal computer is used, and standard parts such as screws are registered to shorten the evaluation time.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, the database 10 is evaluated according to the work at the time of assembling the product constituent parts of each product, that is, the type of gripping, assembling, moving, joining, wiring, and unifying. Items and work time values corresponding to these evaluation items are stored.

The input means 20 is configured so that at least product specific input information for specifying a product name and selection information for selecting an evaluation item according to the type of work at the time of assembly can be input.

The display means 30 displays the evaluation item based on the selection information input by the input means 20, the work time value corresponding to each evaluation item, and the assembly man-hour. When the product-specific input information and the selection information are input from the input unit 20, the arithmetic control unit 40 reads out from the database 10 the evaluation item corresponding to the type of work at the time of assembling the product corresponding to the input information. , A reference assembly time value (basic assembly man-hour), where Σei is an assembly man-hour calculated for each part based on a cumulative value of work time values of evaluation items selected in the database 10 based on the selection information.
Is ST, the evaluation coefficient is α, and the difficulty Rk for each part is Rk = (Σei −ST) × α + ΣPi when the total work time that cannot be included in the man-hour calculation is ΣPi, and the difficulty Rk for each part Based on this, the ease of assembly of the product is obtained, the number of assembly steps for each part is multiplied by the number of parts to calculate the number of assembly steps of the product, and the calculated number of assembly steps of the product and the ease of assembly are output to the display means 30. To do.

<Determination of Standard Work (Standard Work) Conditions> The standard work method in the factory is determined as shown in FIG. This is a model of general parts placement in each factory to calculate the standard net assembly man-hours.

Description of the model: The worker 4 sequentially brings the parts from the parts storage 6 to the work place (assembly place) 5 and performs the assembly work. Carry parts only with one hand, not with both hands at the same time. The parts storage space 6 is, for example, 350 mm from the work space 5.
Calculate the number of man-hours when all parts can be placed at distant positions.

<Procedure at the time of evaluation> 1 of the parts that make up the product
For each type, find the applicable part of the following items using the assembly process analysis diagram and the actual or parts diagram. Figure 1
In this case, the product 3 is produced by assembling the parts 1 and 2 of 7.

The assembly process analysis diagram in this case is as shown in FIG. 9, and the components 1 are evaluated by small items (evaluation items shown in FIGS. 2 to 7) corresponding to the following middle items. 1) Evaluation items related to symmetry corresponding to gripping work of product component Complete symmetry Axial symmetry Easy to discriminate direction Complete asymmetry 2) Evaluation items related to parts condition corresponding to gripping work of product component Entanglement / slip 3) Evaluation items related to assembly type, assembly state, assembly direction, turn over, and POKAYOKE corresponding to assembly work of product component parts 4) Evaluation items related to part size 5) Products Rivet connection that corresponds to the operation of connecting component parts,
Evaluation items related to sticking, cure bonding, instant bonding, arc welding, and brazing respectively 6) Terminal processing corresponding to wiring work of product component parts, wire drawing, wire bundling (bundling distance), wire fixing, Evaluation items related to line connection 7) Evaluation items corresponding to integration work of product components (items unrelated to man-hours) The above-mentioned evaluation items are for calculating the assembly man-hour with an accuracy of ± 5%. , And the vertical downward, horizontal, and vertical upward (visible, invisible) evaluation items related to the assembly direction in 1) and 3) are extracted from the items in FIGS. 19 and 20. , Is newly added to the evaluation items obtained by the conventional RWF method.

The time value of each type of component thus obtained is multiplied by the number of components, respectively, and the total is the assembly man-hour of the product. <Quantification of ease of assembly> Ease of assembly is quantified using evaluation points. The evaluation score is calculated by a deduction method from 100 points. The deduction value is represented by the difference between the actual assembling man-hour and the reference assembling time, which will be described later. However, instead of deducting the man-hours as they are, use the value multiplied by the coefficient for each item.

The standard assembly time is calculated by assuming a simple model. The simple model is the easiest assembly work,
For example, in the component insertion work, the case where a component that does not require front / back discrimination is inserted into a component having a chamfered insertion portion is used as a reference.
In actual assembly of parts, it is necessary to distinguish between the front and back and to align the parts at the time of insertion.

The ease of assembly is expressed by the difference between the state of the parts when they are most easily assembled and the current state of the parts. That is, the difference between the time value for each part type and the work time value (reference man-hour value) in FIG.
And the average of all parts (evaluation point). The work shown in FIG. 10 is the easiest assembling work when assembling things.

Assembly man-hour: Man-hour for each part Tk = Σei Tk is the kind of part, and ei is the time value of the corresponding item. The product man-hour T = ΣTk × nk nk is the number of parts of the part type Tk.

Ease of assembly: Difficulty for each part Rk = (Σei −ST) × α + ΣP i ST is a standard assembly time value, which is a time value in the simplest assembly work, as shown in FIG. 10, for example. Working time value when inserting a hollow disk 8 that does not require front and back discrimination into the chamfered shaft 7, Pi is a deduction value that does not count in man-hour calculation, α is an evaluation coefficient (for setting an appropriate value), ΣP
i shows only the evaluation items.

Product difficulty R = ΣRk × nk Evaluation point: Evaluation point Pk = 100−Rk for each part Evaluation point P = (ΣPi × ni) / N N of the product is the total number of parts.

<Setting of Evaluation Items> In the conventional RWF method,
The man-hours are calculated based on the following evaluation items. a) movement distance, body parts used (fingers, arms, legs, legs, torso),
Weight, whether stop or direction adjustment is required b) Main dimensions, diameter, thickness, grip type (knob type, winding type), number of movements, sliding, sticking c) Proportion occurrence rate, main dimension d) Assembly type, fit ratio, target size, tolerance e) Invisible distance, whether index is required RWF is determined by standard work in determining standard work method described above.
The distance handled by is constant, and the arm of the body part used is the basis. This eliminates the need to evaluate distances and body parts. Similarly, assembling parts is a major premise, so there are always stops and changes in direction, and this item is also included in the standard manpower values as a premise. The evaluation items are the part shape,
The items are the ease of grasping, the weight of parts, the positioning method, items in which special incidental work other than FIG. 10 is patterned in advance, the joining method, and the wiring method.

The evaluation items other than the man-hours are the following items f) and g). f) Is it possible to integrate? g) Is there a design to prevent poker? Here, the design to avoid poker is a design that takes into consideration the shape that parts cannot be attached to other than the proper position. Say that.

According to the embodiment described above, the following operational effects can be obtained. v) No need for analysis of assembly operation. w) Assembly man-hours can be grasped from the shape of parts and the assembly procedure.

X) Conventionally, it took, for example, 3 minutes to evaluate the assemblability of one component using a personal computer, but when using the same personal computer, it can be calculated in about 1 minute. y) Since the standard work is set, there is no difference between the evaluated persons.

Z) Conventionally, the RWF method is generally used as a basis, so that the evaluation point can be understood even if it does not match the sense. <Evaluation procedure> Each type of component is evaluated according to the assembly order of the products. That is, the product name, the part name, and the number of parts are input to the input means 20 of FIG. Then, the evaluation items shown in FIG. 11 sequentially appear on the display screen of the display means 30 such as a CRT. When Yes, No or a numerical value is entered in each item, the evaluation point and the man-hour of the evaluated part are automatically calculated and displayed. The evaluation results of the parts are also displayed on the screen at the same time, so you can see the items that are poorly assembled even during evaluation.

<Software Configuration> The software operating on the personal computer described above is roughly composed of the following two. (1) Display the next screen for the input result and calculate the evaluation score. (2) Describe the evaluation items and screen configuration.

<Evaluation Item> The evaluation item has man-hours, evaluation points, and assembly difficulty as shown in FIG. 12, and a bad part can be displayed in a graph for easy understanding for each item. further,
In order to improve the efficiency of improvement, the evaluation results are arranged in ascending order of assemblability so that the focus points of design improvement can be identified.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
For example, by adding the evaluation items shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, it is possible to obtain the man-hours for assembling the product and the ease of assembling the product when the auxiliary device (crane or the like) is provided.
In addition, by adding the evaluation items shown in FIG.
The man-hours for assembling the product and the ease of assembling the product in the case of manual work can be obtained.

Although the above-mentioned embodiments are all product assembling ability evaluation apparatuses constituted by a personal computer, the designer can use the product assembling ability evaluation sheets shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 and 13 to 16. Selects each evaluation item and accumulates the time value corresponding to each selected item, so that the man-hours for each part can be calculated, and the calculated man-hours for each part can be multiplied by the number of parts. Thus, the man-hours of the product can be obtained. In addition, the ease of assembly described above can be obtained based on the number of man-hours for each component.

[0044]

According to the present invention described above, there is provided a product assemblability evaluation apparatus capable of calculating the number of man-hours and ease of assembling a product from the shape, weight, etc. of parts without performing detailed motion analysis. Can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a product assembly property evaluation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of evaluation items and time values stored in the database of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of evaluation items and time values stored in the database of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of evaluation items and time values stored in the database of FIG.

5 is a diagram showing an example of evaluation items and time values stored in the database of FIG.

6 is a diagram showing an example of evaluation items and time values stored in the database of FIG.

7 is a diagram showing an example of evaluation items and time values stored in the database of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a standard work method in a factory.

FIG. 9 is an assembly process analysis diagram.

FIG. 10 is a view for explaining the simplest assembly work.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a state before evaluation by way of example of the display screen of the display unit in FIG. 1.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state after an evaluation result by using an example of the display screen of the display unit of FIG. 1.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a database for applying the product assemblability evaluation apparatus according to the present invention to crane work.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a database for applying the product assembly property evaluation device according to the present invention to crane work.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a database for applying the product assemblability evaluation apparatus according to the present invention to crane work.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a database for applying the product assembly property evaluation device according to the present invention to a two-person work.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of components for explaining a conventional method for calculating assembly man-hours.

FIG. 18 is a component layout diagram for explaining a conventional method for calculating an assembly man-hour.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a conventional RWF table required to calculate assembly man-hours.

FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a table of RWF required for calculating a conventional assembly man-hour.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 ... Database, 20 ... Input means, 30 ... Display means, 40 ... Arithmetic control means.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A database that stores and stores evaluation items according to the type of work at the time of assembling product components for each product and work time values corresponding to these evaluation items, and at least the product name is specified. Input means for inputting product-specific input information for selection and selection information for selecting evaluation items according to the type of work at the time of assembly, and evaluation items and assembly man-hours based on the selection information input by this input means Display means for displaying, based on the product-specific input information and selection information from the input means, read out the evaluation items from the database according to the type of work at the time of assembly of the product corresponding to the input information, Based on the selection information, the assembly man-hours for each component are calculated based on the cumulative value of the working time values of the evaluation items selected in the database, and the assembly for each component is performed. A product assemblability evaluation apparatus comprising: arithmetic control means for calculating the product assembly man-hour by multiplying the man-hour by the number of parts and outputting the calculated product assembly man-hour to the display means. 2. A database storing evaluation items according to the type of work at the time of assembling product constituent parts of each product and work time values corresponding to these evaluation items, and at least to identify the product name. The input means capable of inputting the product specific input information and the selection information for selecting the evaluation item according to the type of the work at the time of assembling, and the evaluation item and the assembly man-hour based on the selection information input by the input means. Display means for displaying, and based on the product-specific input information and selection information from the input means, read out the evaluation items from the database according to the type of work at the time of assembling the product corresponding to the input information, Let Σei be the assembly man-hour for each part obtained based on the cumulative value of the working time values of the evaluation items selected in the database based on the selection information, and Time value (underlying assembling steps) and ST, the evaluation coefficient is alpha, the level of difficulty Rk for each component when the ΣPi the total working time of entering the number of steps calculated Rk = (Σei -ST) × α
+ ΣPi is calculated, the easiness of assembling the product is calculated based on the difficulty Rk of each part, the assembly man-hour of each product is multiplied by the number of parts to calculate the product assembly man-hour, and the calculated man-hour of assembly of the product and A product assemblability evaluation apparatus comprising: an arithmetic control unit that outputs the assembling ease to the display unit.