JPH0828072A - Construction of middle-and-high-storied multiple dwelling - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate works for carrying-in and installation. CONSTITUTION:An open ceiling 46, extending from the ground floor to the uppermost floor in the direction of the height of a building frame, is formed on the building frame 12 of a middle-and-high-storied multiple dwelling 10. Second floor-slabs 20B and dwelling units 34 are hung down for installation with a tower crane 52 through an opening 56 of the open ceiling 46. Thereby, dwelling units 34 can be carried in without interfering with columns 16, girders 18, beams 22 and first floor-slabs 20B.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of constructing a middle and high-rise housing complex.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the centralization of artificial cities, there is an increasing need for so-called middle and high-rise apartments. When constructing such middle- and high-rise apartments, at present, first construct the frame by RC construction or S construction, then bring in the necessary materials (panel materials, etc.) to the prescribed position on each floor, and then specialize in each field. Often, the craftsmen take the construction procedure of finishing by hand.

However, due to the shortage of workers and demands for quality improvement in recent years, a method called an industrialized method has been studied and adopted recently. This industrialized construction method aims to reduce the amount of labor, improve quality, shorten the construction period, etc. by increasing the proportion covered by factory production and reducing the work at the construction site as much as possible. There are some related to facilities. However, if productivity is emphasized and the parts are shared too much, the space will be standardized, and it will be difficult to deal with the diversification and individualization of the living space.

[0004] Therefore, a method of construction in which the degree of individual correspondence is taken into consideration while industrialization is advanced has already been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-78784. The construction method disclosed in this publication will be briefly described below.

FIG. 10 shows a floor plan of a predetermined floor of a middle and high-rise apartment house 150. As shown in this figure, the pillar 1
On each floor of a frame 156 composed of 52, beams, floor slabs 154, etc., various types (here, A type to C type) of living parts 158 are installed according to the plan desired by the home buyer. Each living part 158 has entrances 160A and 160B (see FIG. 1).
1 (A)), facility cores 162A for bathrooms, bathrooms, etc., 1
62B (see FIG. 11B), kitchens 164A, 16
4B (see FIG. 11C), dining living room 166.
A, 166B, 166C (see FIG. 11D), Western-style room 1
68A, 168B, 168C (see FIG. 11E), Japanese-style rooms 170A, 170B, 170C, 170D (FIG. 11)
It is configured by arbitrarily combining the subdivided living part constituent elements such as (F). It should be noted that these components of the living part are manufactured in advance in a factory. According to this construction method, industrialization can be promoted in that the number of corresponding parts in factory production is larger than in the past, and the individual adaptability can be improved to some extent.

[0006]

However, in the case of the construction method disclosed in the above publication, it is necessary to carry in and install the housing component at a predetermined position after the building body 156 is constructed. When you try to work, the following problems occur. That is, in this case, a carrying-in stage is provided on the outer wall surface of each floor, and the housing part constituent elements are taken in from the carrying-in stage by a trochanter or the like. At this time, the housing part constituent elements are columns 152, beams, or floor 154. There is a possibility of interfering with the like. For this reason, the work becomes difficult and the carrying-in and setting work is hindered.

In view of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to obtain a method for constructing a middle-high rise apartment house which can facilitate the carrying-in and installing work.

[0008]

A method for constructing a middle-high-rise apartment house according to the present invention is to construct a skeleton having a void portion penetrating in a height direction from a lower reference floor predetermined portion to an upper reference floor predetermined portion, From the opening on the upper standard floor side of the stairwell, alternately load and install units such as floor slabs and residential units,
It is characterized by:

[0009]

According to the above construction, the middle-high rise apartment house is constructed by the following procedure. In the description, the lower reference floor is the first floor and the upper reference floor is the rooftop floor as an example.

First, a frame having a blow-through portion that penetrates in the height direction from the first floor to the rooftop floor is constructed. Then
The floor slab is carried in from the opening on the rooftop floor side of this blow-through section and installed on the first floor. Then, a residential unit is loaded from the same opening and installed on the floor slab on the first floor that has already been installed. After that, the work of loading and installing the floor slab and the work of loading and installing the unit for residential use are alternately repeated until reaching the top floor (immediately below the roof floor). As a result, a high-rise apartment building is constructed.

According to the above construction method, since the blow-through portion is provided in the skeleton and the unit for residential use is carried in and installed by using this blow-through portion, the unit to be carried in and the pillar, beam, floor slab, etc. The problem of interference with is solved.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. [Overall Configuration] First, the overall configuration of the middle-high rise apartment house 10 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a state in which a middle-high-rise apartment 10 is being built. As shown in this figure, the skeleton 12 of the middle- and high-rise apartment house 10 is composed of a pillar 16 supported by a foundation 14 and a floor slab 20 supported on each floor by a girder 18 and the like.

On the other hand, FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure of each floor of the middle-high-rise apartment house 10 after completion. As shown in this figure, a small beam 22 is provided at an intermediate position between the left and right large beams 18. Of these, the first floor slab 20A is supported by the upper ends of the large beams 18 and the small beams 22 on the left side of the drawing. In addition, the lower end of the girder 18 and the girder 22 on the right side of the drawing
The second floor slab 20B is supported on the lower end of the second floor slab 20B.
In addition, the end portion of the second floor slab 20B is a large beam 18 on the right side of the drawing.
And the beam 22 are firmly connected by a fastener 24. Also, in the state where the second floor slab 20B is installed,
The second floor slab 20B is arranged parallel to the first floor slab 20 with a step.

Various panels such as a partition panel and a ceiling panel are built on the first floor slab 20A described above, whereby a south-side room having a ceiling height H is constructed. An overhead space chamber 26 is formed between the ceiling panel and the first floor slab 20A on the upper floor side. Using the overhead space chamber 26, a piping unit, a wiring unit, and the like (not shown) are installed. It is arranged.

Further, an alcove 28 is provided on the second floor slab 20B at a position adjacent to the girder 18 on the right side of the drawing. An entrance door 30 is installed so that the upper space of the alcove 28 can be used as an entrance. further,
On the second floor slab 20B, a pair of unit support beams 32 are arranged between the beam 22 and the alcove 28. On these unit support beams 32, residential units 34
Is installed. As a result, the north room is constructed.

When the residential unit 34 is installed, an underfloor chamber 36 is formed below it, and a piping unit 38, an underfloor storage section 40, a semi-embedded bath 42, etc. are installed using the underfloor chamber 36. To be done. In addition,
The underfloor chamber 36 and the above-ceiling chamber 26 on the same floor are communicated with each other at an appropriate location.
Alternatively, it can be utilized as an intake / exhaust chamber by communicating with an exhaust hole provided on the girder 18 which is in contact with the above-ceiling chamber 26 and communicates with the outside of the building.

Summarizing the above constructions, the floor slab 20 is divided into a first floor slab 20A and a second floor slab 20B, of which the upper space of the first floor slab 20A is the panel construction method. Is a panel construction method area, and the upper space of the second floor slab 20B is a unit construction method area. An outdoor component unit 44 is installed in a portion projecting from the girder 18 on the left side of the drawing, and is used as a sunroom or the like. Further, the portion protruding from the large beam 18 on the right side of the drawing is used as a corridor.

In order to allow the above-mentioned residential unit 34 to be installed, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the body 12 is provided with a blow-through portion 46. More specifically,
In a portion of the skeleton 12 corresponding to the unit construction method area, a blow-through portion 46 that penetrates in the skeleton height direction is formed from the first floor to the roof floor. In addition, since the first floor slab 20A is installed in a portion corresponding to the panel construction method area, there is no blow through.

The operation of the present embodiment will be described below through the description of the procedure for constructing the middle-high-rise apartment house 10.

First, the skeleton work is performed to construct the skeleton 12 of the middle and high-rise housing complex 10. At this time, the first floor slab 2
0A is provided for each floor, but the second floor slab 20B is not installed. As a result, in the state where the skeleton 12 is constructed, the blow-through portion 46 that penetrates in the skeleton height direction from the first floor to the rooftop floor is formed in the portion corresponding to the unit construction method area.

Next, the work of loading the building materials 48 (see FIG. 1) such as various panels into the panel construction area of each floor and the work of loading and installing the residential unit 34 in the unit construction area are performed. This work is performed by operating the tower crane 52 supported by the girder 18 of the skeleton 12 via the metal fixture 50. In particular,
The procedure is as follows.

First, the second floor slab 20B is suspended by the wire 54 of the tower crane 52 and lifted up, and the blow-through portion 46
From the rooftop floor opening 56 to the unit construction area on the first floor. When the unit construction method area is reached, it is placed on the lower end of the girder 18 and the lower end of the girder 22 as shown in FIG. As a result, the second floor slab 20B is installed in the unit construction area on the first floor.
Is installed, and the floor slab 20 is configured together with the first floor slab 20A.

Next, by operating the tower crane 52 in the same manner, the building materials 48 such as various panels are collectively suspended from the opening 56 on the roof floor of the blow-through section 46, and the second floor is already installed. It is placed on the plate 20B. After the placement, the building material 48 is transferred to the panel construction area on the first floor. On this occasion,
The second floor slab 20B plays a scaffolding role. After this work, the building work for each panel will be performed, and the north side room will be constructed. Further, in parallel, the installation work of the piping unit 38, the underfloor storage section 40, the semi-embedded bus 42, etc. is performed on the second floor slab 20B.

Thereafter, the tower crane 52 is also operated in the same manner to suspend the residential unit 34 from the opening 56 on the roof floor of the blow-through section 46 and place it on the pair of unit support beams 32 (not shown). Secure with anchor bolts. This constitutes the north side room. In addition, for example, on an appropriate floor such as a basement, a unit dedicated to equipment is installed in place of the residential unit 34.

By carrying out the above-described series of operations, the work of loading the building material 48 on the first floor and the work of loading and installing the residential unit 34 and the like are completed. And
This series of work is repeated from the second floor to the top floor. After all the work is completed, a lid 58 (see FIG. 1) having a design effect such as a mountain shape or a dome shape is provided to close the opening 56 on the rooftop floor of the blow-through portion 46 of the skeleton 12. Is installed.

As described above, in this embodiment, the blow-out portion 46 penetrating in the height direction of the body is provided in the portion corresponding to the unit construction area of the body 12 from the first floor to the rooftop floor, and the opening of the blow-out portion 46 is provided. Since a method of construction in which the second floor slab 20B and the residential unit 34 are alternately loaded and installed from 56 is devised, an attempt is made to carry them into the pillar 16, the girder 18, the beam 22, the first floor slab 20, etc. It is possible to smoothly and safely carry in and install the living unit 34 without interfering with it.

Moreover, according to the present embodiment, since the residential unit 34 is manufactured at the factory, the quality can be improved, and the field work can be greatly reduced by performing various works such as interior work at the factory. It is possible to make full use of the merits of the unit construction method, such as the possibility of shortening the construction period. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the industrialization rate, and it is possible to sufficiently meet requests for reduction of labor amount, quality improvement, cost reduction, and the like. It should be noted that even in the conventional structure, it is possible to improve the industrialization rate to some extent in that it uses the factory-produced living part constituent elements, but since this structure is based on subdividing the residential part In this example, the industrialization rate can be increased.

Furthermore, since the panel construction method area is provided in addition to the unit construction method area, it is possible to maintain a high degree of freedom in the layout of the south-side living room, and it is possible to increase the degree of individual correspondence of the home buyer.

Further, according to the present embodiment, since the underfloor chamber 36 is formed between the residential unit 34 and the second floor slab 20B below the residential unit 34 when the residential unit 34 is installed, It can be used as an installation space for the piping unit 38, the underfloor storage 40, the semi-embedded bath 42, or the like, or as an intake / exhaust chamber. Therefore, it is possible to effectively use the space. [Details of Each Part] The above is the basic configuration of the present embodiment.
The details of each part are also mentioned below. Unit Closed System FIG. 3A shows a plan layout of the residential units 34. In this embodiment, the residential units 34 are allocated in units of rooms. Note that, in FIG. 2, only one living unit 34 is shown, unlike the plan layout view of FIG. 3A, because this is a conceptual representation of the living unit.

Further, the residential units 34 are joined to each other only around the doors 60 of the residential units 34 and the openings 62 such as the sliding doors. In other words, the joint portion (docking portion) of the residential unit 34 is set in the opening portion 62 for providing the fitting such as the door 60. At this time, FIG.
As shown in an enlarged view in (B), when a slight deviation occurs in the assembly position of the adjacent residential units 34, the adjustment is performed around the opening 62. Specifically, by changing the thickness of the adjusting material 64, the deviation of the assembling position is absorbed. The clearance adjustment allowance 66 shown in FIG. 3B is a gap used for adjusting the assembly position when the living unit 34 is installed.

According to the above structure, the following effects can be obtained. Conventionally, due to the emphasis on the frame size of the residential units, joints between the residential units often appear in the middle of the room, so that the construction work such as floors, walls, and ceilings remains as on-site work, and eventually It was the cause of land outbreak. However, according to the above configuration, since the allocation of the residential units 34 is completed for each room, the opening 62
The housing unit 34 can be configured as a closed hexahedron except for. For this reason, the useless construction does not remain as a site work, and only the adjustment work around the opening 62 need be performed at the construction site by joining the two only around the opening 62. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the on-site work that requires a degree of skill, and the trouble does not occur. Furthermore, since the site work is reduced and the factory work is mainly performed, the type and quantity of parts to be sent to the construction site are also reduced, so that the problem of erroneous items at the construction site can be solved and the transportation cost can be reduced. You can Slide guide system for partition installation Fig. 4 shows the south side room, which is the panel construction area, and the sectional structure along line 5-5 and line 6-6 is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. . As shown in FIG.
A channel-shaped ceiling-side runner 68 is fixed by screws 70 to the back surface (that is, the ceiling) of the first floor slab 20A on the upper floor side. Corresponding to this, on the surface of the first floor slab 20 </ b> A on the lower floor side, a floor-side runner 72, which also serves as a skirting board and is assembled into an L-shaped cross section, is arranged. Among these, a semicircular groove 74 is formed at the center of the bottom of the floor-side runner 72.
A fruit 76 having a circular cross section is fitted in the inside of the container 4. And
In these ceiling side runner 68 and floor side runner 72,
A partition panel 78 is slidably mounted.
It should be noted that a groove 80 that meshes with the fruit 76 is formed at the lower end of the partition panel 78. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, a groove 80 into which the fruit 76 is fitted is also formed at the widthwise end of the partition panel 78.

According to the above construction, the partition panel 78 is slid along the ceiling runner 68 and the floor runner 72 in the order numbered in FIG. However, for the partition panel 78 that is mounted fourth, only the ceiling-side runner 68 is used. When sliding the partition panel 78, the partition panel 7
An adhesive is applied to the end surface of the width direction end portion of 8. After the partition panel 78 is mounted as described above, the partition panel 78 is wedge-fastened at the portion indicated by the symbol "▼" shown in FIG. As a result, the grooves 80 of the partition panel 78 are tightly fitted to the actual 76. Therefore, not only the work of constructing the partition panel 78 can be facilitated, but also it is possible to prevent the partition panel 78 from becoming uneven. Further, as a result, the work of stretching the partition cloth material 82 is easy because there is no inconvenience. Wall / ceiling cloth tensioned factory cloth tensioned FIG. 7 shows an enlarged cross-section of a part of the wall 84 of the residential unit 34. As shown in this figure, the wall 8
Between the pair of plaster boards 86 forming part 4, the frame material 88 and the actual material 90 for preventing the occurrence of non-landing are provided.
The frame material 88 is fixed to the wooden bricks 94 by a misplaced flat hull 92. Also, between the plaster boards 86,
A rib base 96 made of a lumber core or the like for ensuring its flatness (preventing bending deformation) is discontinuously bonded and arranged at a predetermined interval at a required portion. Then, the wall cloth material 98 is directly attached by the factory work while making the most of the indoor surface of the plaster board 86 whose flatness is ensured. At this time, the end of the wall cloth material 98 is wound around the frame material 88 side.

According to the above construction, since the work of sticking the wall cloth material 98 can be processed by the factory work, the work of sticking the wall cloth material 98 at the construction site can be eliminated. Further, the putty treatment of the lower ground of the wall cloth material 98, which is conventionally required, becomes unnecessary. Further, since the end of the wall cloth material 98 is caught, the wall cloth material 98 has a good followability to the temporary deformation of the wall surface due to the vibration during the transportation, and prevents the wall cloth material 98 from being wrinkled. be able to.

The above structure is applied not only to the wall cloth material 98 but also to the ceiling cloth material. Holding Structure at the Time of Adhesion of Various Rear Interior Parts FIG. 8A is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the pillar 100 of the living unit 34. As shown in this figure, the pillar 1
A column cover 102 is arranged around 00. The post cover 102 is adapted to be retrofitted to the wall 84 of the residential unit 34 with an adhesive.

Here, when an adhesive is used, it is necessary to hold the attached state until the adhesive dries. In this respect, conventionally, a method of fixing the column cover 102 to the finished surface with a nail or the like has been adopted. For this reason, there have been problems such as complicated work. In consideration of this point, in this configuration, as shown in FIG. 8B, the spring fasteners 106 are provided at appropriate intervals on the frame member 104 on the back surface of the column cover 102, and the wall 84 corresponds to each spring fastener 106. The fastener 108 is provided. In addition, what is indicated by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. 8B is a wedge-shaped jig (a mounting base) used when fixing the spring fastener 106 to the frame member 104.

According to the above construction, in order to attach the pillar cover 102, after applying the adhesive, the pillar cover 102 may be dropped so that the spring fastener 106 is locked to the fastener 108 of the wall 84. As a result, the pillar cover 102 is attracted to the wall 84 side by the biasing force of the spring fastener 106 and is held in a close contact state. Then, the adhesive is completely dried while this state is maintained. Therefore, the pillar cover 102 can be attached with one touch.

The above structure is applicable not only to the column cover 102 but also to various rear interior members. Expansion System of Unit Internal Chamber FIG. 9 shows a plan layout of the residential unit 34. The residential unit 34 is provided so that the internal chambers of the unit can be expanded. That is, one of the four walls 84 of the residential unit 34 (hereinafter referred to as "wall 84A") is in a temporarily fixed state with a temporary bolt or the like at the time of factory production. In addition, in the residential unit 34, extension bases (not shown) for expansion floors, ceilings, and walls are built in.

According to the above configuration, when the residential unit 34 is transported from the factory to the construction site, the residential unit 34 is transported in an unexpanded state in consideration of stacking restrictions and the like. At this time, the wall 84A is in a temporarily fixed state. As a result, the residential unit 34 is closed during transportation.
Since it can be held by a face piece, the rigidity of the residential unit 34 can be ensured. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the residential unit 34 from being deformed during transportation.

On the other hand, after the residential unit 34 is carried into the construction site and further installed at a predetermined position of the skeleton 14 by using the above-mentioned tower crane 52, the temporary bolts and the like are removed and the wall 84A is planned to be expanded. Is slid up to. Next, the extension base built in the residential unit 34 is slid to the slidable wall 84A side. Then, the wall panel 110, the floor panel 112, and the ceiling panel are built. As a result, the residential unit 3
4 is expanded by relatively easy work. Further, by incorporating the extension base, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of unevenness after the expansion, which contributes to the quality improvement.

In this embodiment, the blow-through part 46 is provided through from the first floor of the frame 12 to the roof floor (in this case, "first floor" is the "lower reference floor" in claim 1). And the "roof floor" corresponds to the "upper standard floor"), but not limited to this, for example, when building a high-rise apartment building, the skeleton is divided into predetermined floor units such as 10 floors First, construct a structure with a stairwell on the first floor or the basement to the 10th floor and perform the above-mentioned work, then build a structure with a stairwell on the 11th floor to the 20th floor and perform the same work. It may be carried out (in this case, "first floor or basement" and "11th floor" correspond to the "lower reference floor", and "10th floor" and "roof floor" to the "upper reference floor". Equivalent to).

Further, in the present embodiment, the area is divided into the panel construction method area and the unit construction method area, and the blow-through portion 46 is provided in this area in order to install the residential unit 34 only in the unit construction method area. Not limited to this, the panel construction method area may be a unit construction method area, and a plurality of blow-through portions 46 may be provided in the skeleton 12. In this case, the residential unit 34 having a high degree of layout freedom
By using, for example, there is no loss of individual support for home buyers.

Further, when the present invention according to claim 1 is more concretely described, for example, it is as follows. `` Construct a skeleton that has a stairwell that penetrates in the height direction from a predetermined part on the lower reference floor to a predetermined part on the upper reference floor, and install units such as floor slabs and residential units from the opening on the upper reference floor side of the stairwell. A method of constructing a middle-high-rise apartment house, characterized by carrying in and installing so that a predetermined space can be opened alternately between the two. "In the case of the above, the floor slab (second floor slab 20B)
Since a chamber (underfloor chamber 36) is formed between a unit for living and the like (unit 34 for living), it is possible to find utility value as an installation space for a piping unit or an intake / exhaust chamber. Can be effectively used.

Further, the present invention according to claim 1 can be embodied as follows. "At the time of the floor plan, it is divided into a unit construction method adoption area and a unit construction method non-adoption area, and a frame with a blow-through part that penetrates in the height direction from the lower reference floor predetermined area to the upper reference floor predetermined area in the unit construction method area is constructed. After loading and installing the floor slab from the opening on the upper reference floor side of the stairwell, carry in the building materials used in the area where the unit construction method is not adopted from the opening, and then the unit for residential use etc. from the opening. A method of constructing a middle- and high-rise apartment house characterized by repeating a series of operations for loading and installing each floor. ”In the case of the above, while increasing the individual support level of the home buyer, the industrialization rate It is possible to improve. In addition,
The panel construction method area in the above-described embodiment corresponds to the "unit construction method non-adoption area" in the above example.

[0045]

As described above, the method of constructing a middle-high rise apartment house according to the present invention constructs a frame having a blow-through portion which penetrates in a height direction from a predetermined portion on the lower reference floor to a predetermined portion on the upper reference floor. Since the construction method is configured to alternately carry in and install units such as floor slabs and residential units from the opening on the upper reference floor side of the blow-through section, it can be said that the carry-in installation work can be facilitated. Has excellent effect.

Further, according to the method for constructing a middle-high-rise apartment house according to the present invention, the merit of the unit construction method can be fully utilized, so that an excellent effect that the industrialization rate can be further enhanced can be obtained. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a state in which a middle-high-rise apartment building according to this embodiment is in the process of being constructed.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of each floor of the middle-high-rise housing complex after completion.

FIG. 3 relates to an explanatory view for explaining a closed system of a unit, (A) is a plan layout view of a residential unit, and (B) is an enlarged view taken along the line A.

FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a partition panel according to an explanatory view for explaining a slide guide system for installing a partition.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4;

6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view for explaining how to apply a wall / ceiling cloth to a factory cloth.

FIG. 8 relates to an explanatory view for explaining a holding structure at the time of adhering various rear interior members, (A) is a plan view showing a pillar cover of a residential unit, and (B) is a main part of the holding structure. It is a perspective view shown.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an expansion system of a unit internal chamber.

FIG. 10 is a floor plan of a medium- and high-rise apartment building having a conventional structure.

11 is an example of a unit structural unit used for the floor plan configuration of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Mid-High-Rise Apartment House 12 Body 20B Second Floor Slab 34 Residential Unit (Residential Unit) 46 Venthole 56 Opening

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A building body having a blow-through portion penetrating in a height direction from a predetermined portion of a lower reference floor to a predetermined portion of an upper reference floor is constructed, and a floor slab and a residence are opened from an opening portion on the upper reference floor side of the blow-through portion. A method of constructing a middle- and high-rise apartment building, characterized in that units such as the above are alternately loaded and installed.