JPH08270094A - Insulating wall member for replacing air in building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve comfortableness for temperature, sound shield, air flow, and humidity by forming an air passage in a direction parallel to a composite board and by containing a layer comprising a hydrophilic material oppositely to spacers of a thermal insulating material layer. CONSTITUTION: An insulating wall component itself consists of thermally insulating materials and comprises a thermally insulating material layer as a center layer 2 placed between two strong gypsum type, hydrophilic layers 4. A series of spacers 3 are arranged on one of the two surfaces of this center layer 2, in this way, air passages 5 flowing air at least in two directions in parallel to the composite board 1 is formed. The spacers 3 are projected out from the center layer 2 and are formed in one united body with the center layer 2, and gypsum layers 4 are superimposed on the projected parts, that is, the spacers 3. For this composite board 1, only a single gypsum layer 4 may be included in some case, and also the insulating center layer 2 can include the spacers 3 by facing to said gypsum layer only.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dynamic insulating wall member for in-building air replacement for making a building more comfortable and less costly.

[0002]

The inventor of the present invention has already invented a plate-like insulating wall member for covering a floor or a ceiling and described it in French Patent Publication No. 2 637 887. This insulating wall member, an insulating material layer having a protrusion on one surface,
And a coating material layer covering the insulating material layer. These protrusions leave passages, and such passages should allow the passage of fluid for heating, cooling, dehumidification, humidification of the premises, or laying other gas, water, electricity, etc. pipes. Can be used for. This wall member is
Not only the thermal insulation effect but also the acoustic insulation effect is given.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is preferably
It is to provide two sheet-like air flows on both sides of the insulating material layer. Satisfying these demands will allow the maximum benefits from the thermal inertia of the floor or ceiling to be dampened, dampening the effects of sudden temperature changes in the outside air, thus improving the thermal comfort of the building. Is done. This temperature control effect makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy demand by accumulating solar energy, and it is also possible to moderate energy replenishment, for example by expelling cold air accumulated at night during the day. To do.
Moreover, this effect eliminates the phenomenon of dew condensation, which keeps the wall dry at all times.

However, when the open passages between the protrusions of the insulating material layer are used to carry fresh air to replace the air in the living or office space,
The conventional insulating wall member has a drawback that the air in the building becomes too dry when heated at the same time. This deficiency is not unique to such a particular wall member, but occurs in all modern air replacement systems. The conventional solution to this problem is to use an air humidifier, but such a solution is expensive.

[0005]

According to the present invention, the above object is constituted by a composite plate having at least one heat insulating material layer having a spacer on at least one surface thereof,
A wall member used in a building, wherein the spacer is
In a wall member in which air passages are formed in at least two directions parallel to the composite plate to allow air to enter the building, the composite plate is further arranged so as to face the spacer of the heat insulating material layer. A solution is provided by a wall member characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of a strong, hydrophilic material provided.

[0006] Hydrophilic materials serve as an excellent source of moisture storage, taking in moisture when the incoming air is moist (when the environment is rain or fog), and the incoming air. It emits this moisture when it is dry. This layer of tough, hydrophilic material also reinforces the wall member as a whole and protects the projections of the insulating material layer. In addition, this layer of tough, hydrophilic material can be used to provide various elements to the wall member, such as nails, screws, adhesives, etc. (when the wall member is used on the floor, cables and pipes; decorative materials, coatings, When slabs, or perhaps wall members, are used vertically on the exterior or interior,
Make it easy to attach cables, pipes, etc.) using nails, screws, adhesives, etc.

Naturally, the wall element according to the invention retains as it is the temperature and acoustic insulation properties known from French patent publication 2 367 887. In addition to this, the layer of tough, hydrophilic material increases the thermal inertia of the composite plate, which makes it possible to damp the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations.

A layer of tough, hydrophilic material can be fixed with nails or the like without any special requirements, provided that this layer of material is a hard layer. For example, it may take some time for nailing to form a wall, and if not nailed carefully, it could cause localized damage to this tough, hydrophilic material layer. . To eliminate these drawbacks, all layers of tough, hydrophilic material are perforated with similar holes. In this way, it is possible to use a wall plug to attach various things to this layer of durable, hydrophilic material easier and faster than with nails. These holes may be through holes or blind holes provided on the surface opposite to the heat insulating material layer. Blind holes prevent foreign matter from entering the air passages of the composite plate.

In order to improve the sound insulation, the composite board may optionally include an elastic sound insulation material layer. This elastic sound-insulating material layer can be an additional layer, be included in the heat-insulating material layer described above or be formed by the heat-insulating material layer itself.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a substantially horizontal support wall on which the above-mentioned wall member is arranged with a layer of durable hydrophilic material facing upwards. Including, the air passages of the various wall members are horizontally interconnected and connected to the air inlet coming from the outside and the air outlet going to the inside of the building, the heating means facing upwards and covered in the surface layer. To provide a floor of a building, which is disposed on a layer of durable, hydrophilic material. The air flowing along the air passages defined by the protrusions of the layer of insulating material is thus heated by the underfloor heating before entering the interior of the building, achieving temperature comfort and reducing heat loss. .
According to one embodiment, the surface layer is a concrete or self-smooth coating layer formed on a layer of a strong hydrophilic material, between the coating layer and a layer of a strong hydrophilic material. A waterproof film is provided in the cover to prevent contact between the tough and hydrophilic material layer and the coating layer, and the heating means is embedded in the coating layer. According to another embodiment, the surface layer is a dry coating and the heating means are embedded in a bed of sand, the bed being provided with the dry coating.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a substantially vertical support wall having the wall member described above mounted such that the layer of tough, hydrophilic material faces the exterior of the building, and said tough, hydrophilic wall. To provide a building facade including a surface layer that insulates a layer of material from bad weather, and connecting air passages of various wall members to an air inlet communicating with the atmosphere of the outside world and an air outlet leading to the inside of the building. . Suitably, the support wall is arranged to be exposed to the sun during at least some of the daytime. Therefore, the air flowing along the air passages in the composite plate is heated by the outer surface material which is heated under the sunlight in winter. In some cases, during the summer
The air entering the building should be taken out from the north side of the building at least several times and / or to some extent,
This makes it possible to obtain cooler air.

The object of the invention also comprises at least one floor and ceiling, each provided with a wall member as described above,
A system for displacing air within a building, wherein a ceiling wall member is in horizontal communication with each other and includes an air passageway connected to an air inlet communicating with the exterior of the building, wherein the floor wall member is It is an object of the present invention to provide a system including an air passage communicating with the air passage of the bristles member of the ceiling and secondly communicating with an air outlet communicating with the inside of the building. In this way, during winter, incoming air is also heated in the ceiling before it reaches the room, which contributes to the phenomenon of temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling. Further, means for blocking the air flowing in through the ceiling in the summer is also provided, and further, in the summer, the inflowing air is an auxiliary air inlet that directly communicates with the atmosphere, preferably an air inlet provided on the north side. There is also provided a means for flowing into the room during at least some time during the day.

According to a preferred embodiment, the air exchange system of the present invention further comprises a heat pump for removing heat from the air exiting the building, which heat pump enters the building through the air passages of the wall members. To receive. This air exchange system also allows the heat pump to heat the air entering the building or cool the air entering the building, and further to have no effect on the air entering the building. Means for selectively acting on either is included.

Preferably, the heat pump is also used to heat the water in the hot water tank in the hot water circuit.

An object of the present invention is also a system for displacing air in a building, comprising at least one floor or ceiling containing the wall element according to the above paragraph, wherein the air taken from outside the building is an air passage. It is to provide a system further including a blower for injecting into the system. In some cases, the blower is associated with a means for treating the air, such as for sterilizing the air, deodorizing, removing worms, and the like. The blower is thus capable of injecting air at the temperature of the ambient environment for at least some period of time, or for some time of the day.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017]

1 and 2 show an insulating wall member according to the present invention. This insulating wall member is composed of a layer of heat insulating material, namely a central layer 2, which is made of a material which is itself thermally insulating and which is arranged between two layers 4 of tough, hydrophilic material of the plaster type. . A series of spacers 3 are arranged on one of the two faces of the central layer 2. As a result, the air passage 5 that allows air to flow in at least two directions parallel to the composite plate 1 is formed. The spacers 3 preferably project from the central layer 2 and are integrally formed with this central layer. The gypsum layer 4 is preferably overlaid on the protrusions or spacers 3, but it may be secured to these protrusions by any suitable means. In a particular embodiment, the central layer 2 is about 40 mm thick and each of the air passageways is 20 mm thick. Suitably, at least one of the gypsum layers comprises holes 6. This hole 6 is opened outside the composite plate 1 for the purpose described later. Preferably, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the holes 6 are blind holes that do not communicate with the air passages, so that impurities such as dust do not enter the air passages. The protrusions or spacers 3 may be of any shape, but the preferred shape is
Square or rectangular protrusions are arranged so as to be aligned with each other. The composite board 1 is preferably factory prefabricated to standard dimensions. This composite board 1
In some cases, it may include a single gypsum layer 4, and in some cases, insulative central layer 2
May include spacers 3 only facing this gypsum layer.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the wall member of FIGS. 1 and 2 is used for the floor. This floor contains a horizontal slab 7 or any other supporting wall. The top surface of the slab 7 is preferably flat. If the top surface of this slab 7 is not flat, scrape it or place a flat sand bed 2 on it.
4 can be laid. In some cases, a layer of elastic sound insulating material may also be disposed on this slab 7.
It is also possible to incorporate an elastic sound-insulating material into the composite plate 1. A composite board as shown in Figures 1 and 2 can provide good sound insulation even though no additional layers of elastic sound insulating material are incorporated into the composite board. this is,
This is because the projection 3 is bad in transmitting impact noise and forms a sound trap. In addition to this, the central layer 2 of the composite plate 1 may also have some elasticity to damp impact noise.

The composite plates 1 are arranged side by side on the slab 7. If necessary, pipes, electric cable ducts or heating means or heating cables 9 are arranged on this composite plate 1. Preferably, the ducts, cables are fixed to the composite board 1, optionally by nails or the like, which engage the top plaster layer 4. Preferably, the hook-shaped plug 25 (see FIG. 4) is inserted into the blind hole for fixing. A waterproof film (26), for example polyane film, is placed on the composite board and the duct or cable and then the concrete coating 8 or some other surface layer is applied to the film 26 (eg dry coating, in which case the cable or duct is , Preferably embedded in a bed of sand between the dry coating and the composite board)
Mold on top.

As described above, the air passages 5 of the various composite plates 1 communicate with each other in the horizontal direction so that two horizontal air passages 5 are formed.
b, 5c are formed. Two horizontal air passages 5b
And / or 5c communicates firstly with an air inlet (not shown) which takes in air from the outside of the building and secondly with an air outlet leading to the interior of the building. As already mentioned,
The gypsum layer 4 plays a role of controlling the humidity of air. Moreover, the air flow makes it possible to recover most of the heat transferred to the heating cable 9 in the upper gypsum layer 4. This results in a significant energy savings and an improvement in comfort. Furthermore, a considerable thermal inertia of the slab 7 and possibly of the composite plate 1 is used to mitigate the effects of sudden changes in the temperature of the external air. In this way, it is possible during summer to provide a considerable amount of cooling of the air entering the building. In some cases, in addition to the heating cable 9, a cooling duct can be attached to the upper plaster layer 4.

As shown in FIG. 5, the wall member of the present invention can also be vertically disposed inside the facade of a building. In the example shown, the composite board 1 comprises only one plaster layer facing the interior of the building. However, it is also possible to dispose two plaster layers 4 on the composite board 1. The air that has entered the building flows along the air passages 5a of the vertical composite plate 1. When the facade wall 10 is exposed to the sun, it provides a significant amount of heating. This is the solar energy picked up by the facade wall 10 and the facade wall 1
With a thermal inertia effect of 0. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the facade wall 10 has an opening 16 communicating with the atmosphere. Also,
The vertical composite plate air passages 5a are primarily
An air outlet communicating with 16 and secondly into the interior of the building 17
Communicate with Air outlet of air passage 5a of vertical composite plate 1
17 also communicates with the air inlet 12 for the lower air passage 5b of the horizontal composite plate 1 above the relevant ceiling slab. This ceiling air passage 5b communicates with the upper air passage 5c of the composite board 1 arranged on the floor slab of the floor concerned. Further, the air passage 5c communicates with the floor lattice 13 and allows air to enter the room. The air passage that penetrates into the ceiling of the room makes it possible to recover some of the heat of the air at the top of the room. The air at the top of this room is the warmest air in the room. This reduces the vertical temperature gradient in the room and improves thermal comfort.

As shown in FIG. 6, the composite board 1 can optionally be arranged outside the facade wall 10 of the building. In this case, the gypsum layer 4 on the outside of the building is
Covered by 1 (slate, stone slab, or any other coating). This protects the gypsum layer 4 from bad weather. In this particular embodiment, the gypsum layer 4 may optionally be replaced by a layer of a tough but not hydrophilic material. The surface material 11 is, for example, by inserting a plug into the hole 6 of the plaster layer 4 (7e) as described above,
Alternatively, it can be easily fixed to the external plaster layer 4 by nailing. In this example, the air inlet opening 16
Are formed by penetrating the outer plaster layer 4.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the composite plate 1
Are attached to this facade wall 10 after forming said facade wall 10. But the facade wall 10
If is made of concrete, the composite plate 1 can be placed inside the temporary frame at the time of placing concrete. Thereby, the composite plate 1 is attached to the facade wall 10.

When the composite board 1 of the present invention is used for a floor,
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, it is possible to make the air passages 5 in the composite plate 1 arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the load bearing wall 27 communicate with each other. This is a load bearing wall 2
Due to the gap 28 left through 7. These gaps 28
Is preferably provided with a thick horizontal insulating layer 30 and a lining 29 at this thickness and at portions corresponding to the insulating layer 2 portion of the composite board 1 placed on the floor, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the air inlet and the air outlet of the floor are constituted by parts 31. Each piece 31 contains a vertical duct 32 which projects above the floor. This vertical duct 32 is used for the air passage 5 of the composite plate 1.
It communicates with a horizontal air diffusion channel 33 extending therein.

As shown schematically in FIG. 11, the building is equipped with a ventilation system. This ventilation system includes, on each floor, an air inlet 16 which connects to the outside of the building. The air inlet communicates with the outside of the building, for example, an air passage of a composite plate arranged perpendicular to the sun-facing facade wall of the building as shown in FIG. Vertical composite board air passage
5a also communicates with a horizontal composite board air passage 5b located on the ceiling slab of the floor concerned. The air passage 5b of the composite plate arranged on the ceiling slab communicates with the air passage 5c of the composite plate 1 arranged on the floor slab of the floor concerned. This air passage 5c communicates with an air outlet 13 that communicates with the room of the building. As shown in FIG. 11, the air displacement system preferably includes an auxiliary air inlet 14. This air inlet 14 is in direct communication with the outside atmosphere and is preferably arranged on the facade of the building which is not facing the sun. The air displacement system further includes means for selectively connecting or a two-position valve 34. This two-position valve 34 is a secondary air inlet 14
Directly communicates with the air passage 5c of the composite board 1 arranged on the floor of the building, and the air passage 5c of the composite board of the building floor is insulated from the air passage 5b of the composite board arranged on the ceiling slab. Location and the air passages on the floor of the building communicate with the air passages 5b on the ceiling, but not with the auxiliary air inlet 14.
And the position of. The first position is used in summer and the second position is used in winter. The air flow within a building is typically driven by a mechanically controlled ventilation system 20 that draws air from some of the rooms in the building. In some cases,
This mechanically controlled ventilator can be replaced by or assisted by a blower 35 arranged in the air inlet circuit.

The blower 35 'may have a structure shown in FIG.
Connected to an auxiliary air inlet 14 ', as shown by the dotted line at, to force fresh air directly into the floor air passage 5c. In such an environment, the two-position valve 34 and the air inlet 14 can be omitted. The blower 35 'makes it possible to freely adjust the flow rate of air entering the building. In some cases, air is sent in opposite directions along the ceiling air passage 5c and the facade air passage 5a to cool it.

The blower 35 or 35 'may be associated with an air treatment means (perfume addition, sterilization, insect control, etc.).

As shown in FIG. 12, the system also includes a heat pump 21. This heat pump 2
1 recovers the heat of the air extracted by the controlled mechanical ventilator 20. Suitably a heat pump 21
Heats the water in the hot water tank 22 while at the same time cooling the air expelled from the building by mechanical ventilation. Preferably, the air entering the building is allowed to flow through a heat pump 21, which heats the incoming air to cool it (summer), heat it (winter), or whatever its temperature. Selectively adapts to no effect (mid-season).

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an insulating wall member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the insulating wall member of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a state in which the insulating wall member of FIG. 1 is laid on the floor.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a part of FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner.

5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a part of the building showing how the wall member of FIG. 1 is laid both on the floor of the building and on the inside of the wall.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a part of the building showing how the wall member of FIG. 1 is laid both on the floor of the building and on the outside of the wall.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a path for air to flow through a load bearing wall of a building so as to establish a flow of air in the wall member of the present invention disposed on the floor.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view showing details of FIG. 7.

9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an air outlet related to the wall member of FIG. 1 disposed on the floor.

10 is a perspective view showing details of FIG. 9. FIG.

FIG. 11 illustrates a first method of operating the air displacement system of the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows a second method of operating the air displacement system of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Composite Plate 2 Center Layer or Heat Insulation Material Layer 3 Spacer or Protrusion 4 Sturdy and Hydrophilic Material Layer or Gypsum Layer 5, 5a, 5b, 5c Air Passage 6 Holes 7 Horizontal Slab 8 Concrete Coating or Surface Layer 9 Heating Means or heating cables 10 Facade walls or walls 11 Surface materials or layers 12 Air inlets or openings 13 Floor grate 14, 14 'Auxiliary air inlets 16 Air inlets 17 Air outlets 20 Mechanically controlled ventilators 21 Heat pumps 22 Hot water tank 24 Flat sand bed 25 Hook plug 26 Film 27 Load-bearing wall 28 Gap 29 Lining 30 Horizontal insulation layer 31 Parts 32 Vertical duct 33 Horizontal air diffusion channel 34 Two-position valve 35, 35 'Blower

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (71) Applicant 595061314 Bruno Clement BRUNO CLEMENT Parry City, France 75013 Abnue de Choisey 71 (71) Applicant 595061325 CHRISTELLE CLEMENT Parry City, France 75018 Ryu Dunke Le 8 (71) Applicant 595061336 Martine Clement MARTINE CLEMENT Parry, France 75013 Rue de la Sante 95 (71) Applicant 595061347 Sabine Clement SABINE CLEMENT Parry, France 75013 Rue de la Sante 95 (72) Inventor Pierre Clement, Parry, France 75013 Ru de la Sante 95 (72) Inventor Bruno Leman France Parry, France 75013 Abnue de Choisey 71 (72) Inventor Christel Clement Man Paris Parry, France 75018 Ryu Dunkour 8 (72) Inventor Martine Clement, Parry, France 75013 Rue de la・ Sante 95 (72) Inventor Sabine Clement, Parry, France 75013 Rue de la Sante 95

Claims (18)

[Claims] 1. A composite plate (1) having at least one heat insulating material layer (2) having a spacer (3) on at least one surface.
A wall member used in a building, the spacer (3) forming air passages (5) in at least two directions parallel to the composite plate (1), In the wall member adapted to enter the inside of the building, the composite plate (1) further includes a spacer for the heat insulating material layer (2).
A wall member comprising at least one layer (4) of a strong, hydrophilic material disposed opposite (3). 2. The wall member according to claim 1, wherein the durable and hydrophilic material is gypsum. 3. A wall element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein holes (6) of identical shape are drilled in the layer (4) of tough, hydrophilic material. 4. The hole (6) is a blind hole open to the surface of the layer (4) of tough, hydrophilic material, remote from the layer of heat insulating material (2). The wall member described. 5. A wall material according to claim 1, wherein the composite board (1) comprises a layer of elastic sound-insulating material. 6. A substantially horizontal support wall (7) and this support wall
A wall member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a layer (4) of a tough and hydrophilic material is arranged on the upper surface of the wall member (7), and the wall member is formed of various wall members. Air passages (5) are interconnected horizontally and are connected to an air inlet (12) coming from the outside and an air outlet (13) going to the inside of the building, heating means
Floor of a building in which (9) is arranged on a layer (4) of tough, hydrophilic material facing upwards and covered in a surface layer (8). 7. The surface layer is a concrete coating (8) or a self-lubricating coating formed on top of the layer (4) of tough, hydrophilic material, the waterproof film (26) being the concrete coating. It is arranged between (8) and the layer (4) of the strong hydrophilic material and prevents contact between the layer (4) of the strong hydrophilic material and the concrete coating (8). A floor according to claim 6, wherein said heating means (9) is embedded in said concrete covering (8). 8. The surface layer (8) is a dry coating, the heating means (9) is embedded in a bed of sand, and the dry coating is laid on the bed of sand. The floor according to item 6. 9. A substantially vertical support wall (1) having a wall member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 mounted such that the layer (4) of tough and hydrophilic material faces the outside of the building. An air inlet (10) including a surface layer (11) for insulating the layer (4) of the strong and hydrophilic material from bad weather, and communicating the air passages (5) of various wall members with the atmosphere of the outside world. 16) and the building facade connected to the air outlet (13) leading to the interior of the building. 10. Building facade according to claim 9, characterized in that the support wall (10) is arranged to be exposed to the sun for at least some of the daytime. 11. An air replacement system comprising a building facade according to claim 10 and an auxiliary air inlet (14) in direct communication with the outside air so as to enter the air of the outside ambient temperature, said air replacement system comprising: Means for selectively communicating the outlet (13) with the air passage (5a) of the wall member of the building facade exposed to the sun or the auxiliary air inlet (14)
An air replacement system including (15). 12. A system for exchanging air in a building, comprising at least one floor and ceiling each comprising the wall member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ceiling wall member is horizontal. An air passageway (5b) communicating with the air inlet (16) communicating with the outside of the building, wherein the floor wall member is firstly the air passageway of the ceiling wall member.
Air outlet (13) communicating with (5b) and secondly into the interior of the building
A system including an air passageway (5b) communicating with the. 13. The building facade according to claim 10, wherein the air passage (5a) communicates with the air passage (5b) of the ceiling wall member, and an auxiliary air inlet () for letting in air at the temperature of the outside air. 14) and further includes an air passage of the floor wall member.
13. An air replacement system according to claim 12, including means (34) for selectively connecting (5c) to the auxiliary air inlet (14) or the air passage (5b) of the ceiling wall member. 14. A building wall having at least one floor or ceiling including a wall member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a heat pump (21) for extracting heat from air leaving the building. System,
The heat pump (21) receives the air entering the building through the air passage (5) of the wall member, and the heat pump (21) heats the air entering the building or the air entering the building. An air displacement system that includes means for selective use either to cool or to have no effect on the air entering the building. 15. The air exchange system of claim 14, wherein said heat pump (21) is also used to heat the water in the hot water tank (22). 16. A system for replacing air in a building, the system including at least one floor or ceiling including the wall member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and air taken from the outside of the building. The system further including a blower (35) (35 ') for injecting air into the air passage (5). 17. An air replacement system according to claim 16, wherein said blowers (35) (35 ') are connected to an air treatment means. 18. The blower (35 ') is an auxiliary air inlet (1)
The air exchange system according to claim 16 or 17, which is connected to 4 ') and injects air having an ambient temperature.