JPH08256594A - Formation of culture bed for cortinellus shiitake - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To stably obtain the large and high quality fruit bodies at a low cost without peeling a covering raw material from a culture bed after the fixation of the mushroom bed, by aseptically culturing the hyphae of the Cortinellus shiitake in a culture base charged in small containers, treating the culture bed under specific conditions, and subsequently efficiently molding the mushroom bed. CONSTITUTION: A method for molding the bed of Cortinellus shiitake comprises aseptically culturing the hyphae of the Cortinellus shiitake in a culture base charged in small containers in a culture chamber kept at a constant temperature, aseptically raking out the culture bed from the small containers, and subsequently covering the raked mushroom bed with a plant cellulosic raw material, such as craft paper, having a thickness of <=0.3mm to remold the mushroom bed into a large mushroom bed. The mushroom bed is preferably aseptically raked out in a period when the pH of the mushroom bed containing the hyphae spread in the culture base is <=4.0 and when the difference between the temperature of the center of the mushroom bed and the temperature of the culture chamber is <=2 deg.C and before the pellets and coatings of the hyphae are formed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for forming a mushroom bed of shiitake mushrooms. More specifically, when the mushroom bed is reshaped to a large size, it can be eaten (decomposed) by shiitake hyphae and is advantageous in terms of ventilation. By covering the fungus bed with various plant fiber materials and forming an artificial bark layer on the fungal bed surface, a large, high-quality fruiting body can be stably obtained, which is economically advantageous for the shiitake mushroom bed The present invention relates to various molding methods.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method for forming a large bed of shiitake mushrooms, hyphae are cultivated aseptically using a culture medium filled in a small container in a culture chamber maintained at a constant temperature, and then non-sterilely cultivated. There is known a method in which the bacterial bed is scraped out, and the scraped bacterial bed is reshaped into a large bacterial bed.

[0003]

By the way, at the time of remolding into a large-sized bacterial bed, that is, after enlarging the bacterial bed scraped out from the small container and culturing until the bacterial bed is solidified in the culture room, When a synthetic resin sheet is used as the cover sheet for the fungal bed, there is a drawback that a great deal of labor is required for peeling the synthetic resin sheet after solidification of the fungal bed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an economically advantageous method for molding a shiitake mushroom bed, which is capable of stably obtaining a large-sized, high-quality fruiting body. To provide.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, and as a result, when remolding the fungal bed into a large size, it is possible to eat (decompose) with shiitake hyphae and It was found that the above object can be easily achieved by coating the fungal bed with a plant fiber material which is advantageous in terms of ventilation and forming an artificial bark layer on the fungal bed surface.

The present invention has been completed based on the above findings, and its gist is to perform aseptic culturing of mycelia in a culture medium filled in a small container in a culture chamber maintained at a constant temperature. Then, the present invention resides in a method for forming a Shiitake mushroom bed, which comprises non-sterilely scraping the bacterial bed, covering the scraped bacterial bed with a plant fiber material, and reshaping into a large bacterial bed.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, in a culture chamber maintained at a constant temperature, aseptically culturing mycelium in the culture medium filled in a small container,
Then, the bacterial bed is non-sterilely scraped, and the scraped bacterial bed is reshaped into a large bacterial bed. Then, in the reshaping of the large-sized bacterial bed, the bacterial bed scraped out from the small container is enlarged, and then cultured in the culture chamber until the bacterial bed is solidified.

The method for producing a large-sized bacterial bed by the above-mentioned reshaping is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known methods, for example, JP-A-1-160431 and JP-A-2-163005.
Further, it is possible to employ the method described in each publication of JP-A-4-17321. These methods are
Both are cultivation methods in which a fruit body is generated by scraping out a once-cultured fungal bed and forming it into a block or bed having a predetermined shape.

However, it is preferable to adopt the method proposed by the present inventors in JP-A-6-319370 as a method for producing a large-sized bacterial bed by reshaping. This method involves aseptically culturing mycelia in a culture medium filled in a small container in a culture chamber maintained at a constant temperature, and the pH of the fungal bed in which the mycelium has spread is 4.0 or less, and When the temperature difference between the center of the bed and the culture chamber has dropped to 2 ° C or lower, and before the formation of the mycelial mass or mycelial film, non-sterile scraping of the mycelial bed is performed to create a large bacterial bed. It is characterized by re-molding. And, unlike this method, this method has an advantage that the contamination rate of harmful bacteria is low in non-sterile culture of a large-sized bacterial bed by specifying the time when the culture medium is scraped out.

In the present invention, the culture medium is usually formed by adding water to a wood material and / or a plant fiber material and a nutrient source. Usually, the concentration of nutrients is adjusted to 15% by weight or less based on the total weight of the medium, and the ratio of water is 60% in the culture medium.
Is selected from the range of up to 65% by weight. The culture medium formed as described above is usually filled in a small container such as a bag or bottle having an internal capacity of 0.4 to 1.2 kg, sterilized by a conventional method, inoculated with an inoculum, and cultured for a certain period of time. To do.

The culture medium inoculated with the inoculum is placed in a culture chamber and cultivated until the mycelia are completely spread over the culture medium. The temperature in the culture chamber is usually 10 to 28 ° C., preferably a constant temperature and humidity in the range of 15 to 20 ° C.
60 to 90%, preferably 70 to 80%, the illuminance is usually maintained at 100 lux or less, preferably in the vicinity of darkness. Then, it is preferable to prevent the formation of mycelial mass or mycelial film.

The pH of the culture medium immediately after sterilization is usually 5.5 to 4.5, and decreases as mycelia grow. When the mycelium is actively growing, the temperature of the center of the culture medium is increased by the heat generated as the hypha grows.
It is usually higher than the temperature in the culture chamber. The culture medium in which the hyphae extend substantially throughout the culture medium, that is, the culture medium in which the hyphae are spread (hereinafter referred to as the fungus bed) has a pH of 4.0 or less and a temperature difference between the center of the fungus bed and the culture chamber. The culture is continued under the above conditions until the temperature drops below 2 ° C.

The pH of the culture medium or the bed is determined by collecting a part of the culture medium or the bed and directly measuring the pH of the squeezed liquid. The bacterial bed whose pH and temperature difference values have decreased to a predetermined value is scraped out from the container in a non-sterile environment so that the bulk density is usually about 0.3 to 0.7 g / cm ³ , and usually 1. Remolding is performed to an arbitrary size of 2 kg or more, preferably 1.5 to 5.0 kg.

Since shiitake mushrooms have the property of easily forming a mycelial mass or a mycelial film, they are scraped out before they are formed. The formation of a hyphal mass or a hyphal coating causes adhesion of harmful bacteria after remolding, and is economically disadvantageous in the scraping operation. When the scraping is carried out at such a specific time, the contamination rate due to harmful bacteria in the subsequent non-sterile process is significantly reduced.

The bacterial bed that has been scraped out usually has an average diameter of 30.
It is preferable to crush it into fragments having a size of less than or equal to mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm, and press so that sufficient voids are formed inside the bacterial bed after molding. Then, in the re-molding, the particle size distribution of the fragments is at least 20% by weight or more, preferably 20 to 30% by weight, in the size range of 5 to 30 mm.
It is better to adjust so that By specifying the size and mixing ratio of the fragments, it is possible to accelerate the regeneration of mycelia and accelerate the maturity inside the bacterial bed, and as a result, large fruiting bodies can be efficiently obtained.

The large-sized bacterial bed after the re-molding is usually solidified in an environment of a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C., preferably 18 to 20 ° C. and a humidity of usually 70 to 90%, preferably 75 to 85%. Is cultured up to.

The most important feature of the present invention is that when remolding into a large-sized bacterial bed, that is, when the bacterial bed scraped from a small container is enlarged and then cultured in the culture room until the bacterial bed is solidified, The point is to cover the scraped bacterial bed with a plant fiber material.

The plant fiber material is not particularly limited, but the thickness is usually 0.3 mm or less, preferably 0.06.
Kraft paper of 0.12 mm or the like is preferably used.
The plant fiber material having such a thickness can be easily eaten (decomposed) by the shiitake hyphae, and an artificial bark layer is formed on the surface of the fungal bed. Also, kraft paper has the advantage of being inexpensive. As a method for coating the scraped-out fungal bed with the plant fiber material, for example, a method of filling the fungal bed in a container laid with the plant fiber material and coating the whole with the plant fiber material can be adopted.

After the bed is completely solidified, the temperature is usually 1
8 to 28 ° C, preferably 20 to 23 ° C, humidity is usually 60
In an environment of -80%, preferably 65-75%,
Aging is usually carried out for 50 to 120 days, preferably 60 to 100 days. In the latter half of ripening, for about 20 days, it is advisable to maintain an illuminance of 50 lux or more in order to promote the formation of primordia.

[0020]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded.

Example 1 10% by weight of oak powder of oak in a weight ratio to the weight of the culture medium.
The rice bran was added at a ratio of, and water was added so that the water content became about 63% by weight to form a culture medium. This culture medium was filled in a polypropylene bottle container of 850 cc so that the bulk density was about 0.6 g / cm ^3, and autoclaved by a conventional method.

Then, after the temperature of the culture medium was cooled to 15 ° C. or lower, Shiitake inoculum (Tohoku S24) was inoculated and cultured in a culture chamber at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 70 to 80%. After the hyphae had spread, that is, after the hyphae reached the bottom of the culture vessel, the fungus bed was scraped out of the vessel, and the fungus bed was reshaped according to the following test sections. In addition, after scraping the fungus bed, it was confirmed that the pH of the fungus bed had dropped to 4.0 or lower and the center temperature of the fungus bed had been 22 ° C. or lower after the mycelial spread (30th day of culture). went.

Test section 1: 8.0 bacterial bed scraped out in a container laid with a polypropylene sheet having a thickness of 0.02 mm
Kg is filled and the whole is covered with a polypropylene sheet. Test area 2: A container laid with a kraft paper sheet having a thickness of 0.11 mm is filled with 8.0 kg of the scraped bacterial bed, and the whole is coated with the kraft paper sheet.

The remolding of the fungus bed is carried out at a temperature of 2 in the aging room.
Adjusted to 0 ℃ and 80% humidity, carbon dioxide concentration is 800 to 1
Ventilation was performed so that the concentration was 500 ppm. The illuminance in the room was 50 to 200 lux, and after the hyphae spread on the coating material, the fungus bed was sprayed once a day to promote browning. However, in test section 1, the coating material (polypropylene sheet) was removed after the solidification of the bacterial bed was confirmed. Each of them was produced for 90 days in total cultivation time, and the development was carried out under the temperature condition of 15 to 20 ° C.
Harvested for 00 days, pollution rate, yield,
The number of fruiting bodies was compared. The results obtained are shown in Table 1.

The results shown in Table 1 are the values obtained from the test number of 10 pieces, and the contamination ratio of the harmful bacteria is from the time after the scraping of the fungal bed until the start of the generating operation. The number of contaminated bacterial beds was divided by the total number of each test plot.

[0026]

[Table 1]

As is clear from the results of Table 1, in the invention zone (test zone 2), substantially the same generation result as in the control zone (test zone 1) was obtained without peeling off the coating material (kraft paper). Has been.

Example 2 The bacterial bed produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was scraped out from the container, and the bacterial bed was reshaped according to the following test section. It should be noted that the bacterial bed was scraped out after the hyphae spread and the pH of the bacterial bed was 4.
It was performed after confirming that the central temperature of the bacterial bed was 22 ° C. or lower (30 days after culture).

Test area 3: thickness 0.035 mm, length 225
A polypropylene gusset bag having a width of 350 mm and a width of 350 mm is filled with 1.5 kg of the bacterial bed scraped out. Test area 4: thickness 0.090 mm, length 225 mm, width 35
1.5 kg of fungal bed scraped out in a square bottom bag of 0 mm kraft paper
To fill.

The conditions for remolding the bacterial bed were the same as in Example 1, and the results obtained are shown in Table 2. The number of tests is 20
Individual.

[0031]

[Table 2]

As is clear from the results in Table 2, in the invention zone (test zone 4), substantially the same generation result as in the control zone (test zone 3) was obtained without peeling the coating material (kraft paper). Has been.

[0033]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention described above, when a fungal bed is reshaped into a large size, the fungal bed is coated with a plant fiber material which can be eaten (decomposed) by Shiitake hyphae and which is advantageous in terms of aeration. By forming an artificial bark layer on the surface of the fungus bed, a large-sized, high-quality fruiting body can be stably obtained without peeling off the coating material after the fungus bed is solidified. Therefore, in the present invention, the cost can be reduced by using the low-priced material,
Moreover, it is an economically advantageous method because it can save labor.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A mycelium is aseptically cultivated in a culture medium filled in a small container in a culture chamber maintained at a constant temperature, and then the bacteria bed is non-aseptically scraped out, and the bacteria thus scraped out. A method for forming a mushroom bed of shiitake mushrooms, characterized in that the floor is covered with a plant fiber material and remolded into a large fungal bed. 2. The method for forming a mushroom bed of shiitake mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the plant fiber material is kraft paper having a thickness of 0.3 mm or less. 3. The time when the pH of the fungal bed in which the mycelium has spread to the culture medium is 4.0 or less, and the temperature difference between the center of the fungal bed and the culture chamber is lowered to 2 ° C. or less, and the mycelial mass or The method for forming a mushroom bed of shiitake mushroom according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fungal bed is scraped out aseptically before the mycelial film is formed.