JPH0825161A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To feed a saddle at a high speed by decreasing depth dimension of the saddle to lighten its weight, by providing a spindle head moving Y-axis rail in the saddle provided in a fixed column movably in the right/left along an X-axis rail. CONSTITUTION:In the case of moving a saddle 5 to the left, a shield sheet 21 is pulled by a cable 26, and in the case of moving to the right, a shield sheet 22 is towed by the cable 26. By actuating a Y-axis drive motor, a spindle head 12 is moved upward or downward, and operating a Y-axis shield device 32 shields space generated above/below the spindle head 12. Accordingly, since force in a thrust direction, applied to a spindle 13 when machined a workpiece, is received by a pair of upper/lower X-axis rails 4, 4, apprehension of tumbling the saddle 5 rearward is eliminated, to decrease its depth dimension, and by eliminating particular necessity for space of storing the shield sheets 21, 22, a machine is formed in small size. Weight is lightened in the shield sheets 21, 22, and further weight is lightened in the saddle 5 by thinning it, to feed the saddle 5 at a high speed, so that productivity is improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a horizontal type machine tool capable of moving a spindle to the left and right and up and down.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A horizontal machining center shown in FIG. 3 is known. This machine tool is provided with a rear base 42 having X-axis rails 41, 41 on the upper surface and a Y-axis rail (not shown), and is mounted on the rear base 42 so as to be movable left and right along the X-axis rails 41, 41. Spindle head 45 provided on the movable column 43 so as to be movable up and down along the Y-axis rail.
And the X-axis rails 41 provided on the left and right of the movable column 43,
According to the movement of the movable column 43 along 41, an X-axis shield device 46 for shielding the space generated on the side of the movable column 43, and a movement of the spindle head 45 provided above and below the spindle head 44 along the Y-axis rail. A Y-axis shield device 47 that mainly moves and shields a space generated above and below the spindle head 45 is mainly used.

The spindle 44 is moved to a predetermined position by the horizontal movement of the movable column 43 with respect to the rear base 42 and the vertical movement of the spindle head 45 with respect to the movable column 43, and the workpiece W on the pallet 48 is machined.

The pallet 48 is a Z of the front base 49.
The workpiece W is placed on the table 51 guided by the shaft rails 50, 50, and is fed, and the workpiece W is placed at the machining position. Both of the shielding devices 46 and 47 are formed by connecting a large number of flat plates 52 made of metal or the like so as to be expandable and contractable by means of links or the like. X-axis shield device 46
The outermost flat plate 52 is fixed to a splash guard 53 that covers the entire machine.

[0005]

However, in order to meet the demand for unlimited productivity improvement and space saving, the above conventional machine tools have the following problems. (A) Since the movable column 43 has a large mass, it is difficult to feed it at a high speed.

(B) Since the force in the thrust direction applied to the main shaft 44 at the time of processing acts so as to tilt the movable column 43 on the rear base 42 rearward, the space between the pair of X-axis rails 41, 41 arranged in front and rear and the movable direction. The depth dimension of the column 43 must be increased, and the machine area cannot be reduced.

(C) Since it is necessary to provide a spindle drive motor, which is a heat source, inside the movable column 43, the thermal displacement is large, and the thermal displacement is X of the rear base 42.
Since it spreads three-dimensionally on both the -Z horizontal plane and the XY vertical plane of the movable column 43, the influence on machining becomes complicated.

(D) The shielding devices 46 and 47 have a complicated structure and are costly, and a large number of flat plates 5 to be folded at the time of reduction.
Two storage spaces are required, the size of the machine is correspondingly large, and the mass of moving parts such as the flat plate 52 is large, so the reliability of high-speed operation is poor.

An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool which can feed a saddle at a high speed and which can easily reduce the machine size and thermal displacement.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gate-shaped fixed column having a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails and a pair of left and right Y-axis rails. A saddle provided on the fixed column so as to be movable right and left along the X-axis moving device for moving the saddle along the X-axis rail, and a main shaft between the pair of Y-axis rails. A spindle head provided on the saddle so as to be vertically movable between a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails along a rail, a Y-axis moving device for moving the spindle head along the Y-axis rail, and a saddle of the saddle. An X-axis shield device that is provided on both left and right sides and moves according to the movement of the saddle along the X-axis rail to shield the space between the pair of upper and lower X-axis rails, and a Y-axis rail that is provided on both upper and lower sides of the spindle head. Along with the movement of the spindle head along It has a structure that and a Y-axis shielding device for shielding the space between the right pair of the Y-axis rail.

The X-axis shield device includes a pair of left and right shield sheets each having one end attached to the left side portion and the right side portion of the saddle, and the shield sheets provided substantially vertically on both sides of the front portion of the fixed column. It can be configured by a pair of left and right guide rollers that guide the side surface of the fixed column and a pulling unit that pulls the other ends of the pair of shielding sheets to keep the shielding sheet in a tensioned state.

Further, the pulling means can be constituted by a line in which the other ends of the pair of shielding sheets are connected to each other in an annular shape, and a guide pulley for guiding the line. It is preferable to provide a turnbuckle on the cord.

[0013]

The spindle is set at a predetermined machining position by the lateral movement of the saddle with respect to the fixed column and the vertical movement of the spindle head with respect to the saddle. The fixed column receives the force in the thrust direction applied to the spindle during processing via the upper and lower X-axis rails. For this reason, the depth of the saddle can be made smaller and the weight can be made lighter, which enables high-speed feed of the spindle and also allows the spindle drive motor to be exposed in the large space of the fixed column on the spindle head to improve heat dissipation. can do.

The use of the shielding sheet for the X-axis shielding device simplifies the structure, eliminates the need for a large storage space, and is lightweight and accurately follows the high-speed feeding of the saddle. Further, if the pulling means is a cord, the structure becomes simpler. Providing a turnbuckle on the rope makes it easier to stretch the rope without sagging.

[0015]

1 and 2 show an embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention. In these figures, reference numeral 1 is a fixed column. The fixed column 1 is of a gate type and is fixed to the base 2 with bolts 3. The fixed column 1 is provided with X-axis rails 4 and 4 on the upper and lower parts of the front surface. The X-axis rails 4 and 4 are horizontal.

The stationary column 1 is provided with an elongated saddle 5 having a hollow shape so as to be movable left and right along the X-axis rails 4 and 4. The saddle 5 is a pair of left and right Y-axis rails 6 and 6.
And has an X-axis ball nut 7. Ball nut 7 is X
It is screwed onto an X-axis ball screw 9 which is rotated by an axis drive motor (servo motor) 8. The Y-axis rails 6 and 6 are vertical, and the X-axis ball screw 9 is parallel to the X-axis rail 4. The X-axis drive motor 8, the X-axis ball screw 9, and the X-axis ball nut 7 constitute an X-axis moving device 10 that moves the saddle 5 along the X-axis rails 4 and 4.

A spindle head 12 is provided on the saddle 5 so as to be vertically movable along Y-axis rails 6 and 6. The spindle head 12 has a spindle 13 and a Y-axis ball nut 14. The ball nut 14 is a Y-axis ball screw 1 that is rotated by a Y-axis drive motor (servo motor) 15.
6 is screwed together. The Y-axis ball screw 16 is vertical, and the main shaft 13 projects horizontally in the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis and the Y-axis. The Y-axis drive motor 15, the Y-axis ball screw 16, and the Y-axis ball nut 14 move the spindle head 12 along the Y-axis rails 6 and 6 in a Y-axis moving device 17.
Is composed. The spindle 13 is rotated by a drive motor (not shown) provided on the back side of the spindle head 12.

Reference numerals 21 and 22 are shielding sheets.
One end of the shielding sheet 21 is attached to the left side portion of the saddle 5, and the other end of the shielding sheet 22 is attached to the right side portion of the saddle 5. A nonflammable and sufficiently flexible steel sheet, plastic sheet, or the like is used for the shielding sheets 21 and 22. Shielding sheets 21, 22
Is to move in accordance with the movement of the saddle 5 along the X-axis rails 4, 4 to shield the space between the pair of upper and lower X-axis rails 4, 4.

Guide rollers 2 are provided on both sides of the front of the fixed column 1.
3, 23 are provided vertically. The guide roller 23 is
Bearing fittings 24, 2 provided on the fixed column 1 and the base 2
5 is rotatably supported in the circumferential direction and guides the shielding sheets 21 and 22 to the side surface of the fixed column 1.

The other ends of the shielding sheets 21 and 22 are joined to both ends of three upper and lower cords 26 such as wires and belts. Each cord 26 is wound around grooved guide pulleys 28, 28 attached to a bracket 27. Each cord 26 is provided with a turnbuckle 29. The turnbuckle 29 includes a left screw rod 29a and a right screw rod 29.
Since b is screwed into the central nut member 29c, the tension of the cord 26 can be adjusted by rotating the nut member 29c.

The saddle 5, the shielding sheets 21 and 22, and the cords 26 are connected in an annular shape (endless) in plan view. Therefore, when the saddle 5 moves to the left in FIG. 1, the left shielding sheet 21 is pulled by the cord 26 to maintain a tension state, and when the saddle 5 moves to the right, the right shielding sheet 22 moves to the cord 26. Towed to maintain tension.
The cord 26 constitutes a pulling means, and the shielding sheets 21 and 22, the guide rollers 23, 23, the cord 26 and the guide pulley 28 constitute an X-axis shielding device 30.

Reference numeral 32 is a Y-axis shield device. Y
The shaft shielding device 32 is formed by concatenating a large number of flat plates 33 made of metal or the like so as to be expandable and contractible by links, and moves along the Y axis rails 6 and 6 along the vertical direction of the spindle head 12 to move the upper portion of the spindle head 12. It is a well-known one that shields the space generated underneath.

Next, the operation of the machine tool according to the present invention having the above structure will be described. When the X-axis drive motor 8 is operated, the saddle 5 moves left or right according to the rotation direction of the X-axis ball screw 9. At this time, as described above, when the saddle 5 moves to the left, the shielding sheet 21 is pulled by the cord 26, and when moving to the right, the shielding sheet 22 is pulled by the cord 26. As a result, in both cases, the shielding sheets 21 and 22 maintain a tension state without being relaxed and shield the space formed on the left and right sides of the saddle 5.

When the Y-axis drive motor 15 is operated, the spindle head 12 moves up or down according to the rotation direction of the Y-axis ball screw 16. In this case, the Y-axis shield device 32 operates to shield the space formed above and below the spindle head 12.

In the machine tool having the above structure, the structure of the X-axis shield device 30 is simple, which is advantageous in terms of cost. Further, since the pair of upper and lower X-axis rails 4 and 4 receive the force in the thrust direction applied to the spindle 13 during machining of the work piece, the saddle 5 is not likely to fall backward, and the depth dimension of the saddle 5 can be reduced. Since the storage space for the shielding sheets 21 and 22 is not particularly required, the machine can be downsized.

Further, the shielding sheets 21 and 22 are lightweight, and since the saddle 5 can be made thin and lightweight as described above, the saddle 5 can be fed at high speed to improve the productivity.

Further, since the drive motor provided on the spindle head 12 and rotationally driving the spindle 13 is exposed to the wide space of the fixed column 1 and dissipates the heat without confining it in the narrow space, the heat of the surrounding members is reduced. The displacement can be kept small.
Moreover, since the thermal displacement only spreads to the vertical planes of the X-axis rails 4 and 4 and to the vertical planes of the Y-axis rails 6 and 6 that are adjacent to and parallel to the vertical planes, the influence on machining becomes small and simple. .

In the illustrated embodiment, the rope 26 is used as the pulling means, but it is also possible to use a spring, a weight, a cylinder or the like to pull the shielding sheets 21 and 22 to prevent the loosening. The number of cords 26 used may be two or less or four or more. The structure of the Y-axis shield device 32 may be any other structure, but depending on the structure of the machine tool, X
The structure of the shaft shielding device 30 can also be adopted.

[0029]

As described above, the machine tool of the present invention is provided with a gate-shaped fixed column having a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails and a pair of left and right Y-axis rails, and left and right along the X-axis rail. A saddle movably provided on the fixed column, an X-axis moving device that moves the saddle along an X-axis rail, and a main shaft between the pair of Y-axis rails.
A spindle head provided on the saddle so as to be vertically movable between a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails along an axis rail, a Y-axis moving device for moving the spindle head along the Y-axis rail, and the saddle. X-axis shield devices provided on both left and right sides of the main shaft head that move in accordance with the movement of the saddle along the X-axis rail to shield the space between the pair of upper and lower X-axis rails, and Y-axis rails provided on both upper and lower sides of the spindle head. And a Y-axis shield device that shields the space between the pair of left and right Y-axis rails by moving in accordance with the movement of the spindle head along the Y-axis rail. The feed speed can be increased to improve productivity. Further, the thermal displacement can be made small and simple, and the influence on the processing can be suppressed.

The X-axis shield device includes a pair of left and right shield sheets each having one end attached to the left side portion and the right side portion of the saddle, and the above-mentioned shield sheets provided substantially vertically on both sides of the front portion of the fixed column. If the structure is provided with a pair of left and right guide rollers that guide the side surfaces of the fixed column and a pulling means that pulls the other ends of the pair of shield sheets to keep the shield sheets in a tensioned state, the structure is simple and lightweight. Since the storage space for the shielding sheet is not required, the cost can be reduced, the saddle can be fed at a higher speed, and the entire size can be reduced.

If the pulling means is provided with a sling in which the other ends of the pair of shielding sheets are connected to each other in an annular shape, and a guide pulley for guiding the sling, the X-axis shielding device is further simplified. The cost can be further reduced. When the turnbuckle is used, it is easy to stretch the rope without loosening, and the Y-axis shield device operates smoothly.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view showing an embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external view of a machine body in which an X-axis shield device and a Y-axis shield device are removed from the machine tool of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an external view of a conventional machine tool.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Fixed Column 4 X Axis Rail 5 Saddle 6 Y Axis Rail 10 X Axis Moving Device 12 Spindle Head 13 Spindle 17 Y Axis Moving Device 21 Shielding Sheet 22 Shielding Sheet 23 Guide Roller 26 Rope (Tractor) 28 Guide Pulley 29 Turnbuckle 30 X-axis shield device 32 Y-axis shield device

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A gate-shaped fixed column having a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails, and a saddle provided with a pair of left and right Y-axis rails and provided on the fixed column so as to be movable left and right along the X-axis rails. An X-axis moving device that moves the saddle along the X-axis rail, and a main shaft between the pair of Y-axis rails, and moves vertically between the pair of upper and lower X-axis rails along the Y-axis rail. A spindle head freely provided on the saddle, a Y-axis moving device for moving the spindle head along the Y-axis rail, and a movement along the movement of the saddle along the X-axis rail provided on both left and right sides of the saddle. An X-axis shield device that shields a space between a pair of upper and lower X-axis rails, and a pair of left and right Y-axis rails that move according to the movement of the spindle heads provided on the upper and lower sides of the spindle head along the Y-axis rails. Y-axis shield device that shields the space between A machine tool characterized by comprising: 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the X-axis shield device includes a pair of left and right shield sheets each having one end attached to each of a left side portion and a right side portion of the saddle, and front and both sides of a fixed column. And a pair of left and right guide rollers that are provided substantially vertically to guide each of the shielding sheets to the side surface of the fixed column, and a towing unit that pulls the other ends of the pair of shielding sheets to keep the shielding sheets in a tensioned state. A machine tool characterized by that. 3. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the pulling means includes a cord that connects the other ends of the pair of shielding sheets to each other in an annular shape, and a guide pulley that guides the cord. A characteristic machine tool. 4. The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the rope is provided with a turnbuckle.