JPH08240238A - Laminated stopper for pneumatic spring - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To exhibit characteristics close to the spring characteristic of a pneumatic spring even if the function of the pneumatic spring is lost by interposing at least one intermediate plate in an annular rubber-like elastic body concentric with a vent part in the pneumatics spring provided in the central part with the vent part communicating to an auxiliary air chamber. CONSTITUTION: A laminated stopper 3 built in a pneumatic spring consists of three layers and is provided to hold a fixed stopper distance at the neutral height of the pneumatic spring by a stopper cover metal 6 and pre-compression cover metal 7. Such laminated stopper 3 is composed of a rubber-like elastic body 3a, intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) 13, upper cover plate 6a and lower mounting plate 4a. The intermediate plate 13 is interposed in the rubber- like elastic body 3a under the free (non-adhesive) condition. Thus, when the laminated stopper 3 is axially compressed, the deflection is increase by the axial load and the spring constant is lowered so that characteristics close to the spring characteristic of the pneumatic spring are obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an air spring used for a suspension device of a transportation machine such as a railroad vehicle or an automobile, and relates to an improvement of a stopper having a cushioning function as a suspension spring in a state where the function of the air spring is lost. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, air springs used as suspension springs in railway vehicles, automobiles, etc. have lost their functions due to damage to the bellows or diaphragm constituting the air springs or failure of the air system. In some cases, a stopper made of a rubber elastic body or the like is provided inside the air spring in order to buffer the shock or limit the displacement against excessive displacement. However, this stopper is a temporary load supporting device when the air spring fails, and it is difficult for the vehicle to run normally because it is supported only by the stopper in order to absorb vibration.

[0003]

However, there is a strong technical demand for improving the characteristics of the spring of the stopper to enable traveling only with this stopper, and various attempts have been made. A laminated stopper made by bonding an annular rigid plate between rubber elastic layers is also used, but it is difficult to secure the required spring characteristics. The laminated stopper made by adhering the intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) between the layers of the rubber elastic body is such that the spring constant increases at a substantially constant rate as the axial bending increases when axial load is applied. It exhibits a non-linear type load / deflection characteristic. On the other hand, when the vehicle is supported only by the stopper and the vehicle travels, the required spring characteristics change with a constant low spring constant up to a predetermined axial deflection with respect to the axial direction. Above the deflection, a load / deflection characteristic is required in which the spring constant increases for a while as the deflection increases. Therefore,
It is an object to impart such a spring characteristic to the laminated stopper installed in the air spring.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has been reached as a result of repeating examinations from various directions and repeating trial production experiments, that is, the present invention communicates with an auxiliary air chamber. In an air spring having a ventilation part provided in the center, an annular rubber elastic body concentric with the ventilation part and an intermediate layer concentric with the annular rubber elastic body in a layer perpendicular to the axial direction of the rubber elastic body. There is at least one plate (annular rigid plate), the intermediate plate is interposed (is not bonded) to the annular rubber elastic body, and the inner diameter of the intermediate plate is larger than the hole diameter of the annular rubber elastic body. , Which is installed in an air spring, and is constructed by laminating a synthetic resin plate or film on one or both sides of the intermediate plate (annular rigidity plate) with or without adhesion to the intermediate plate (annular rigidity plate). The angle of the outer peripheral part of the annular rubber elastic body in contact with the plate) Chamfered, caul plate in the upper part of the annular rubber elastic body, in the bottom in the surface contacting the mounting plate and rubber elastic body is a laminated stoppers of adhered air spring.

[0005]

[Function] Focusing on the intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) between the layers of the rubber elastic body, first, by separating (non-adhering) the rubber elastic body and the intermediate plate, the axial load causes
Since the compressed rubber elastic body is not constrained by adhesion with the intermediate plate, it can be easily deformed in the outer peripheral direction. Next, the loosened (non-bonded) intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) is made slippery to facilitate deformation of the compressed rubber elastic body in the outer peripheral direction. Furthermore, by chamfering the outer peripheral portion of the rubber elastic body, when the rubber elastic body that deforms in the outer peripheral direction becomes larger than the outer diameter of the intermediate plate, the rubber elastic body contacts with the intermediate plate sandwiched in this part. To prevent deformation and facilitate deformation. By combining the above means, in the stopper that stacks the annular rigid plates (intermediate plates), the spring constant changes at a constant low spring constant up to the required predetermined flexure, and after that, the flexure increases temporarily. It is possible to provide an air spring laminated stopper having a non-linear type load / deflection characteristic in which the spring constant increases.

When the air spring is used without being filled with air, a laminated stopper installed in the air spring is
Since the vehicle travels while supporting the empty vehicle load as it is, its spring characteristic requires a spring constant corresponding to that of an air spring. The present invention focuses on the action of the intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) for laminating the relationship between the load and the bending of the laminated stopper and positively releases the restraint between the rubber elastic body and the intermediate plate. It ensures the spring characteristics.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an air spring in which the laminated stopper of the present invention is incorporated. The laminated stopper 3 is composed of three layers and is compressed in advance.
The stopper pad 6 and the pre-compression pad 7 limit the air spring so that a constant stopper distance can be maintained at the neutral height. As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated stopper 3 of the present invention includes a bellows (diaphragm) 1 of an air spring, a top plate 2, a spring seat 4, a rubber seat 5 and the main parts 6 and 7, and 8 to 14 and 18. As a stopper of the air spring, the hole 14 communicating with the auxiliary air chamber of the air spring and the ventilation portion 18 are arranged so as to be centered.

FIG. 2 illustrates the laminated stopper 3 shown in FIG. 1, in which a rubber elastic body 3a and an annular rigid plate 1 are used.
3, an upper backing plate 6a and a lower mounting plate 4a. The rubber elastic body 3a and the upper backing plate 6a and the lower mounting plate 4a are bonded, but the intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) 13 is free (non-bonding).
Is. As a result, when the lamination stopper is compressed in the axial direction, the rubber elastic body 3a adjacent to the intermediate plate 13 is not constrained by adhesion, so that the rubber elastic body is easily deformed in the outer peripheral direction, and the load in the axial direction is increased. Deflection increases,
That is, the spring constant becomes low.

In FIG. 3, in order to make the intermediate plate 13 and the rubber elastic body 3a more slippery, the surface of the intermediate plate 13 is made of rubber such as synthetic resin and a sheet or film-like plate 1 made of a slippery material.
No. 5 is affixed and positively slid during compression so that the spring constant is low and the spring constant does not increase until a certain amount of bending is reached. As the film plate, a fluororesin material (for example, synthetic resin such as Teflon) having a small friction coefficient is desirable.

In FIG. 4, when the rubber elastic body 3a is compressed and deformed in the outer peripheral direction, the rubber is prevented from slipping over the outer periphery of the intermediate plate 13 and contacting the adjacent rubber via the intermediate plate 13. The corners are chamfered linearly 16 and arc chamfered 17 (see FIG. 5) to further facilitate the deformation of the rubber elastic body 3a.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5.
In order to adjust the spring constant, the upper pad 6a
Since the rubber elastic body is not constrained by adhesion on this surface as well, the lower mounting plate 4a can be removed in some cases. In the present invention (not shown), all rubber elastic bodies are illustrated as three layers, but the present invention is not limited to this and includes four layers and five layers.

[0012] More importantly in this invention, with respect to the inner diameter D ₁ of the annular rigid plate 13 shown in FIG. 2, hole diameter D ₂ of the rubber elastic body is always small, rubbery elastic body this (D ₁ - D ₂ )
A rubber part with a thickness of / 2 is that the rubber elastic body is integrated.

FIG. 7 shows a conventional method of stacking stopper,
It is a diagram which shows the relationship of load and bending of an Example. In FIG. 7, h is a load / deflection diagram of the conventional laminated stopper, which is a characteristic that a temporary load increases with an increase in the flexure, that is, a spring constant increases with respect to the flexure, at a predetermined flexion position. It shows that it is difficult to obtain the required low spring constant. On the other hand, line i and line j show the load of the example.
The deflection diagram is shown. As can be seen from the diagram, in the diagrams i and j of the present invention, the spring constant is constant up to a predetermined deflection Xo with respect to the conventional diagram h as the deflection increases, that is, the relationship between the load and the deflection is linear. The load / deflection characteristic is such that the spring constant sharply increases as the deflection increases thereafter.
As a result, a low spring constant is obtained in the vicinity of a predetermined deflection, and the vehicle can be supported and traveled only by the stacking stopper.

[0014]

The function of the air spring is lost due to breakage of the bellows or diaphragm constituting the air spring or the failure of the air system, or when the vehicle travels without being filled with air, such as when the vehicle is rerouted. It has characteristics close to the spring characteristics of an air spring, enables the running of the vehicle from above the vibration damping, and has a great effect as a stopper installed in the air spring.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an air spring showing a laminated stopper having an air spring according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a stacking stopper according to an embodiment (1) of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a stacking stopper according to an embodiment (2) of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a stacking stopper according to an embodiment (3) of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another stacking stopper according to the embodiment (3) of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a stacking stopper according to an embodiment (4) of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a load / deflection diagram of a stacking stopper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Bellows (diaphragm) 2 Top plate 3 Laminated stopper 3a Rubber elastic body 4 Spring seat 4a Lower mounting plate 5 Rubber seat 6 Stopper pad 6a Upper pad 7 Pre-compression pad 8 Sliding sheet 9 Spring washer 10 Bolt 11 O-ring 12 bolts 13 intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) 14 hole communicating with the auxiliary air chamber 15 film-like plate 16 straight chamfer 17 circular arc chamfer 18 ventilation part K air spring

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Kenichi Sugimoto 1183 Hagaya, Inami-cho, Inami-cho, Kako-gun, Hyogo Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd. Hyogo Office Akashi Factory

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An air spring in which a ventilation part communicating with the auxiliary air chamber is provided in a central portion, and an annular rubber elastic body concentric with the ventilation part and an interlayer between the rubber elastic bodies and perpendicular to the axial direction. Has at least one intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) concentric with the annular rubber elastic body, and the intermediate plate is separated (non-bonded) from the annular rubber elastic body so as to intervene. A laminated stopper for an air spring, which is larger than the hole diameter of the annular rubber elastic body and is installed inside the air spring. 2. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein a synthetic resin plate or a film is laminated on one surface or both surfaces of the intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) with or without adhesion to the intermediate plate. Stacking stopper. 3. The laminated air spring according to claim 1, wherein the annular rubber elastic body in contact with the intermediate plate (annular rigid plate) is chamfered at a corner of the outer peripheral portion with a straight line or an arc. stopper. 4. The annular rubber elastic body is adhered to the upper surface of the rubber elastic body by a contact plate, and the lower portion of the annular rubber elastic body is adhered to a surface of the mounting plate contacting the rubber elastic body.
Alternatively, the laminated stopper of the air spring according to claim 3.