JPH10288236A - Air spring - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dispense with a shaft stopper due to conventional rigid body con tact by increasing a spring constant itself of the lateral direction of a laminated rubber more than that of the longitudinal direction and thereby mitigate impact in rolling, in an air spring constituted of the laminated rubber and a rubber diaphragm connected to the upper end of the laminated rubber. SOLUTION: In an air spring provided with laminated rubber 20 made by alternately laminating a plurality of sheets of rubber plates 22 and hard plates 23 and a rubber diaphragm 7 connected to the upper end of this laminated rubber 20, linear projecting streaks 23b and recessed grooves in which the rubber plates 22 and the hard plates 23 are engaged with each other are provided and these projecting streaks 23b and recessed grooves are provided each other in parallel in a plurality of sheets of rubber plates 22 and hard plates 23.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air spring comprising a laminated rubber and a rubber diaphragm connected to an upper end thereof, which is suitable for being interposed between a vehicle body of a railway vehicle and a bolsterless bogie. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an air spring which is composed of a laminated rubber and a rubber diaphragm connected to an upper end thereof, and is interposed between a vehicle body of a railway vehicle and a bolsterless bogie, a spring constant in a left-right direction is larger than that in a front-rear direction. Is known. An example of such an anisotropic air spring is shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the laminated rubber 1
Is formed by alternately laminating a donut-shaped rubber plate 3 and a hard plate 4 on a circular lower substrate 2, and forming an upper substrate 5 on the upper end rubber plate 3.
Are stacked, and these are integrated to form a hollow cylindrical shape. A hollow shaft 6 projecting downward from the center of the lower substrate 2 is extended upward, and its upper end 6a is inserted into a long hole 5a provided in the upper substrate 5 in the front-rear direction (perpendicular to the paper). , Are formed as shaft stoppers for limiting the lateral displacement between the lower substrate 2 and the upper substrate 5. The lower substrate 2 is fixed to a bolsterless carriage, and the hollow shaft 6 is connected to an auxiliary air chamber or a pressure source.

A lower plate 8 of a rubber diaphragm 7 is fixed to the upper surface of the laminated rubber 1 with bolts 9, and an upper plate 10 covering the upper surface of the diaphragm 7 is provided on a vehicle body (not shown).
Fixed to The upper surface plate 10 is formed in an umbrella shape that covers the upper surface of the diaphragm 7, and side stoppers 11 each having a shape obtained by equally dividing a cylinder surrounding the outer periphery of the diaphragm 7 at right and left edges thereof are hung down via a connection fitting 12. Fixed in the shape. Therefore, when the left and right displacements occur between the lower surface plate 8 and the upper surface plate 10, one of the left and right side stoppers 11 comes into contact with the outer surface of the diaphragm 7, thereby suppressing the displacement. In order to reduce friction when the lower plate 8 and the upper plate 10 come into contact with each other, an anti-friction plate 13 is provided on the upper surface of the lower plate 8 and
The anti-friction plates 14 are fixed to the lower surface of the reference numeral 0, respectively. The hollow shaft 10a protruding upward from the center of the upper surface plate 10 is connected to a pressure source or an auxiliary air chamber.

The above-mentioned air spring has a diaphragm 7 at the upper end of the laminated rubber 1, side stoppers 11 are provided on the left and right sides of the diaphragm 7, and an upper end (shaft stopper) 6 a of the hollow shaft 6 of the laminated rubber 1 is provided. Since it is inserted into the long hole 5a in the front-rear direction, the spring constant in the front-rear direction is reduced, and a relatively large relative movement in the front-rear direction generated between the vehicle body and the bogie is allowed to enable smooth running on the curve of the track. . On the other hand, the spring constant in the left-right direction is equal to that in the front-rear direction while the relative movement amount is small, but the relative movement amount exceeds a certain limit so that the shaft stopper 6a hits the edge of the long hole 5a or the edge of the diaphragm 7 does. Hits the side stopper 11,
The relative movement described above is restricted, and large roll of the vehicle body is prevented. However, since the contact between the shaft stopper 6a and the edge of the long hole 5a is a rigid contact, the spring characteristic becomes discontinuous, and the wear of the contact portion is promoted by long-term use. Maintenance work was required.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an air spring composed of a laminated rubber and a diaphragm connected to an upper end thereof, wherein the left-right spring constant of the laminated rubber itself is made larger than that in the front-rear direction. Eliminates the need for shaft stoppers due to contact, eliminating wear parts due to rigid contact,
At the same time, the impact of the roll is alleviated.

[0006]

The air spring according to the present invention comprises:
In an air spring including a laminated rubber formed by alternately laminating a plurality of rubber plates and hard plates, and a rubber diaphragm connected to an upper end of the laminated rubber, the rubber plate and the hard plate mesh with each other. A straight ridge and a groove are provided, and the ridge and the groove are parallel to each other in the plurality of rubber plates and the hard plates.

[0007] The laminated rubber of the present invention is formed by meshing a rubber plate and a hard plate along the interface between the rubber plate and the hard plate by providing one with a ridge and the other with a concave groove. Since all grooves are formed in a straight line in the same direction, anisotropy occurs in the spring constant of the laminated rubber against horizontal deformation, and the spring constant in the direction perpendicular to the ridges and grooves is parallel to the ridges and grooves. It becomes larger than the direction. Therefore, when the air spring of the present invention is mounted between the vehicle body and the bogie of the railway vehicle, the direction of the ridges and grooves is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the railway vehicle, so that the spring constant in the longitudinal direction can be easily displaced. On the other hand, the spring constant in the left-right direction is set to be a spring constant preferable for the roll characteristics of the vehicle, and the spring constant is set large enough to suppress the relative displacement of the vehicle body with respect to the bogie. Moreover, since the spring constant of the laminated rubber itself is increased, there is no abrasion or impact due to the rigid contact and the rigid contact.

The rubber plate of the laminated rubber is a vulcanized rubber plate having a relatively high hardness made of natural rubber and synthetic rubber such as ethylene propylene diene rubber, nitrile rubber and butadiene rubber. The hard plate is made of metal, ceramics, fiber laminate, thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin and F
It can be made of RP or the like. The shape of the rubber plate and the hard plate may be any of a circle, a square, a rectangle, an ellipse, and the like, and it is not always necessary to provide a hole at the center to form a ring. However, in particular, the outer shape is circular, and a relatively large circular hole is provided in the center to make it a donut shape,
When the doughnut-shaped rubber plate and the hard plate are alternately laminated, the laminated rubber is formed into a cylindrical shape, and when the inside is formed as an air chamber communicating with the inside of the diaphragm, the volume of the air chamber of the entire air spring increases. It is preferred in that respect.

The rubber plate and the hard plate described above are alternately stacked and integrated by bonding. This bonding is advantageously performed by vulcanization bonding which also serves as vulcanization of the rubber plate. However,
In the present invention, prior to the lamination, at least one ridge is provided on the hard plate in advance. This ridge can be provided by fixing a rod having a cross section of a triangle, a semicircle, a square, or the like, and a hard plate is formed into a bent shape and a groove is simultaneously provided on the opposite side of the ridge. However, the latter molding is preferred. Then, the above-mentioned hard plate is stacked alternately with the unvulcanized rubber plate, and the upper and lower hard plates are overlapped so that the direction of the ridges or grooves is aligned. Is formed,
In addition, the rubber plate and the hard plate are air-tightly laminated. And
The rubber plate and the hard plate are integrated by vulcanization bonding to form a hollow cylindrical body.

The diaphragm installed on the laminated rubber can be provided with stoppers for limiting the displacement of the diaphragm in the width direction on both sides in the width direction as in the conventional case. Here, the width direction refers to a direction perpendicular to the ridges and grooves. In this case, when the displacement in the left-right direction between the vehicle body and the bogie exceeds a certain limit, the spring constant of the air spring as a whole rises sharply, and the vehicle body can be more effectively prevented from rolling.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiment 1 In FIG. 1, a laminated rubber 20 is configured such that a donut-shaped rubber plate 22 and a hard plate 23 are alternately laminated on a circular lower substrate 21, and an upper substrate 24 is stacked on the upper rubber plate 22. Are integrated by vulcanization bonding to form a hollow cylindrical shape. However, the hard plate 23 is formed by bending a steel plate and has a total of 3 on the center diameter line and on the left and right of the center hole 23a.
A convex ridge 23b is provided at a location and has an upwardly convex chevron shape extending in the front-rear direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface) (see FIG. 2).

A hollow shaft 21a protrudes downward at the center of the lower surface of the lower substrate 21 (see FIG. 1), and has the same outer shape as that of the ridge 23b at a position directly below the ridge 23b of the hard plate 23 on the peripheral upper surface. Is fixed in the front-rear direction.
On the other hand, the upper substrate 24 is made of a steel plate having a thickness larger than that of the hard plate 23 and has the same inner and outer diameters as a donut shape, and has a cross section corresponding to the ridge 23b on the lower surface of the peripheral portion around the center hole 24a. A triangular groove 24b is provided.

The lower substrate 21 and the upper substrate 2
The lower substrate 21 and the upper substrate 24 alternately have an unvulcanized rubber plate 22 previously formed into a donut shape substantially the same as the above-mentioned hard plate 23 and the above-mentioned hard plate 23.
The triangular bar 21b of the lower substrate 21, the ridge 23b of the hard plate 23, and the upper substrate 2
4 so that the four grooves 24b all face in the same direction,
These are integrated by vulcanization bonding to form a cylindrical laminated rubber 20.

On the upper substrate 24, a lower plate 8 of a rubber diaphragm 7 is fixed with bolts 9 as in the conventional apparatus of FIG. The lower plate 8 is the same as the conventional device except that the center hole 8a is formed as a circular hole.
The lower opening of the diaphragm 7 is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the lower plate 8, and the upper plate 10 that covers the upper surface of the diaphragm 7 is fixed to the upper opening of the diaphragm 7. The upper surface plate 10 is formed in an umbrella shape that covers the upper surface of the diaphragm 7, a hollow shaft 10 a protrudes upward at the center of the upper surface, and side stoppers 11 are provided on the left and right edges of the connection fitting 1.
2 and is fixed in a hanging manner. Anti-friction plates 13 and 14 made of fluororesin are fixed to the upper surface of the lower plate 8 and the lower surface of the center of the upper plate 10, respectively.

The above-mentioned air spring is provided between the vehicle body of the railway vehicle and the bolsterless bogie.
And so on, so that the left and right side stoppers 11 face the width direction. At that time, the lower substrate 2
1 is fixed to the trolley, and the upper surface plate 10 is fixed to the vehicle body.
One of the upward hollow shaft 10a of the upper surface plate 10 and the downward hollow shaft 21a of the lower substrate 21 is connected to a pressure source, and the other is connected to an auxiliary air chamber via an air tube.

The laminated rubber 20 of the air spring has a relatively small spring constant in the front-rear direction and a relatively large spring constant in the left-right direction. On the other hand, the diaphragm 7 connected to the upper end of the laminated rubber 20 has the same spring constant in both the front-rear direction and the left-right direction. When the displacement reaches a certain value and the diaphragm 7 comes into contact with the side stopper 11, the spring constant in the left-right direction suddenly increases. Therefore, the right and left spring constants of the air spring as a whole are larger than the left and right directions in the laminated rubber 20 by the difference between the left and right directions and the front and rear directions. And
After the diaphragm 7 comes into contact with the side stopper 11, only the spring constant in the left-right direction increases at a steep angle. In addition, at this time, the diaphragm 7 and the laminated rubber 20 are elastically deformed without the rigid body contact. Therefore, there is no shock at the time of rolling caused by the conventional device of FIG. Is prevented.

In the above embodiment, the laminated rubber 20
The ridges 23b of the hard plate 23 are formed by bending the hard plate 23, and the ridges 2 of the plurality of hard plates 23 arranged vertically are formed.
3b are located on the same vertical line, the rubber plate 22
The thickness of each part becomes equal, and the molding of the rubber plate 22 becomes easy. Note that, instead of fixing the triangular bar 21b on the upper surface of the lower substrate 21, a ridge can be formed by bending as in the case of the hard plate 23. The hard plate 2 shown in FIGS.
In place of 3, a hard plate 23A having a corrugated cross section (see FIG. 3) can be used. In this case, the ridges 23b are formed on both front and back surfaces. Further, a round bar 23c having a semi-elliptical cross section, a semi-circular bar having a semi-circular cross section, or a triangular bar having a triangular shape may be fixed on a flat hard plate 23B (see FIG. 4).

[0018]

As described above, the air spring of the present invention has the following features.
It can be used by being interposed between the body of the railway vehicle and the bolsterless bogie. At this time, the laminated rubber itself has anisotropy in the spring constant in the horizontal direction, and this spring constant is small in the direction of the ridge and the groove and large in the direction perpendicular to the ridge and the groove. By installing the concave groove in the front-rear direction, the spring constant in the front-rear direction is set to the same level as before, allowing a relatively large relative movement in the front-rear direction generated between the car body and the bogie, enabling smooth running on curves On the other hand, the left-right spring constant of the laminated rubber itself is set larger than before, and the relative movement in the left-right direction, that is, the roll width generated between the vehicle body and the bogie, can be limited to a small value regardless of the rigid body contact. Therefore, discontinuity and impact of spring characteristics, which occur when rigid contact is used, and uneven wear of parts due to this, do not occur.

In particular, the air spring according to the second aspect of the present invention has an air chamber communicating with the inside of the diaphragm formed inside the laminated rubber, so that the volume of the air chamber as the whole air spring is increased, and the air spring is increased. It is possible to reduce the spring coefficient of the part and reduce the pressure fluctuation. Further, since the air spring according to the third aspect is provided with stoppers on both sides in the width direction of the diaphragm, it is possible to more effectively prevent the vehicle body from rolling.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a hard plate.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another example of the hard plate.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing still another example of the hard plate.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional air spring.

[Explanation of symbols]

 7: Rubber diaphragm 8: Lower surface plate 8a: Center hole 10: Upper surface plate 10a: Hollow shaft 11: Side stopper 12: Connection fitting 13, 14: Lubrication plate 20: Laminated rubber 21: Lower substrate 21a: Hollow shaft 21b : Triangular bar 22: Rubber plate 23: Hard plate 23 a: Center hole 23 b: Protrusion 24: Upper substrate 24 a: Center hole 24 b: Concave groove

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An air spring comprising: a laminated rubber obtained by alternately laminating a plurality of rubber plates and hard plates; and a rubber diaphragm connected to an upper end of the laminated rubber.
An air spring characterized in that the rubber plate and the hard plate have linear ridges and grooves that mesh with each other, and the ridges and grooves are parallel to each other in the plurality of rubber plates and the hard plates. 2. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the laminated rubber is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the inside thereof forms an air chamber communicating with the inside of the diaphragm. 3. The width direction of the diaphragm (a direction perpendicular to the ridges and grooves in the laminated rubber is defined as the width direction).
3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein stoppers are provided on both sides to limit displacement of the diaphragm in the width direction.