JPH08228121A - Crystal oscillator - Google Patents

Crystal oscillator

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Publication number
JPH08228121A
JPH08228121A JP3342895A JP3342895A JPH08228121A JP H08228121 A JPH08228121 A JP H08228121A JP 3342895 A JP3342895 A JP 3342895A JP 3342895 A JP3342895 A JP 3342895A JP H08228121 A JPH08228121 A JP H08228121A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
groove
frame
etching
thin plate
crystal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3342895A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Koji Imai
康志 今井
Tatsutoshi Tamura
達利 田村
Takayuki Ugajin
孝行 宇賀神
Masako Tanaka
雅子 田中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meidensha Corp, Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Meidensha Corp
Priority to JP3342895A priority Critical patent/JPH08228121A/en
Publication of JPH08228121A publication Critical patent/JPH08228121A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: To oscillate an oscillation part independently of a frame part while suppressing the influence of the frame part by forming a groove part having thin film thickness between the oscillation part and the frame part. CONSTITUTION: First of all, the groove part is formed by etching. Afterwards, a pattern in the shape of a thin plate is formed again by photolithography and thinning etching is executed. At such a time, the groove is worked in the direction of an X axis along the frame. The manufactured crystal oscillator is composed of a frame part 1, groove part 2, thin plate part (oscillating part) 3, electrode part 4 and no groove part 5. The thin plate part 3 to be the oscillating part of the crystal oscillator is surrounded by the groove part 2 having thin film thickness so that the influence exerted from the frame part 1 onto the thin plate part 3 can be suppressed small. Concerning an oscillated waveform, the groove part 2 is provided to suppress the oscillation caused by the influence of the frame part 1 so that an optimum high frequency oscillator can be manufactured. In this case, when the thin plate part 3 is not completely covered with the groove part 2 but the no groove parts are provided at six positions, mechanical strength can be reinforced over the range almost not to affect the oscillated waveform.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は水晶振動子に関し、特
に、水晶振動子を安定に発振させる技術に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crystal unit, and more particularly to a technique for stably oscillating the crystal unit.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】代表的な圧電結晶として知られる水晶は
水熱合成法により人工的に大量生産されており、その特
性を利用した製品が種々の分野で利用されている。
2. Description of the Related Art Quartz, which is known as a typical piezoelectric crystal, is artificially mass-produced by a hydrothermal synthesis method, and products utilizing its characteristics are used in various fields.

【0003】例えば、水晶の薄板に電極を付けて電圧を
印加すると、水晶の圧電逆効果によって結晶振動が励起
されるという特性を利用した製品として水晶振動子が挙
げられる。
For example, a crystal oscillator is a product utilizing the characteristic that when a voltage is applied to a thin plate of quartz by applying a voltage, the crystal vibration is excited by the piezoelectric inverse effect of the quartz.

【0004】従来、水晶振動子の高周波化、小型化、高
精度化、高安定化に伴い水晶振動子の製造を半導体の製
造工程であるフォトリソグラフィ・エッチングを用いて
行うことが盛んになってきた。これは、従来のブレード
ソーやワイヤーソーによる結晶の機械的切断に代わっ
て、任意の形状のマスクを用いてフォトリソ加工し、不
要の結晶部分をウェットエッチングにて溶解除去する方
法である。
[0004] Conventionally, as the frequency of crystal oscillators has become smaller, smaller, more accurate, and more stable, the production of crystal oscillators has become popular using photolithography etching, which is a semiconductor manufacturing process. It was This is a method of performing photolithography using a mask having an arbitrary shape and dissolving and removing unnecessary crystal parts by wet etching, instead of the conventional mechanical cutting of crystals by a blade saw or a wire saw.

【0005】機械加工による水晶の薄板化は、取り扱い
の関係上薄くするには限界があり、強度上の問題も生じ
る。しかし、振動部分のみをエッチングにより薄板化す
れば100MHz以上の高周波を基本波で得ることも可
能である。
The thinning of the crystal plate by machining has a limit in terms of handling, and there is a problem in strength. However, if only the vibrating portion is thinned by etching, it is possible to obtain a high frequency wave of 100 MHz or higher with the fundamental wave.

【0006】このような加工方法は、加工精度が従来の
機械加工に比べて優れ、任意の形状のマスクに従って加
工ができ、また、薄板化エッチングによって高周波を基
本波として得ることができる等の点で有利である。
[0006] Such a processing method is superior in processing accuracy to the conventional mechanical processing, can be processed according to a mask having an arbitrary shape, and can obtain high frequency as a fundamental wave by thinning etching. Is advantageous.

【0007】図5にフォトリソ技術による水晶基板の加
工工程のパート図を示す。エッチングによる薄板化・小
割加工の工程は、図から明らかなようにレジストに微細
加工を施してその形で金の蒸着マスクを加工し、その金
蒸着マスクを用いて本体の水晶基板を加工するという二
段プロセスを採用している。
FIG. 5 shows a part view of a process of processing a quartz substrate by the photolithography technique. As shown in the figure, in the process of thinning / splitting by etching, the resist is microfabricated and the gold vapor deposition mask is processed in that form, and the crystal substrate of the main body is processed using the gold vapor deposition mask. The two-stage process is adopted.

【0008】ウェットエッチング溶液としては一般に弗
酸(HF)や重弗化アンモン(NH4HF2)の水溶液が使
われている。
As the wet etching solution, an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) or ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 ) is generally used.

【0009】これらHF、NH4HF2と水晶とのエッチ
ング反応は以下の通りである。
The etching reaction between these HF, NH 4 HF 2 and quartz is as follows.

【0010】[0010]

【化1】 SiO2+6HF→SiF6 2-+2H++2H2O SiO2+3NH4HF2→SiF6 2-+2H++3NH3+2H2O しかし、これらの酸は強酸である上、温度も高温(40
℃以上)にて処理するためレジスト等の剥離現象が起き
てしまう。そこで、本プロセスにおいては安定な金属マ
スクを併用した2段抜き加工を採用している。
Embedded image SiO 2 + 6HF → SiF 6 2− + 2H + + 2H 2 O SiO 2 + 3NH 4 HF 2 → SiF 6 2 − + 2H + + 3NH 3 + 2H 2 O However, these acids are strong acids and the temperature is high ( 40
Since the treatment is performed at a temperature of at least ℃, the phenomenon of peeling of the resist or the like will occur. Therefore, in this process, a two-step punching process using a stable metal mask is adopted.

【0011】[0011]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】現在の水晶振動子の製
造工程に於いてはで述べた化学的研磨工程を経る場合は
もちろん、機械研磨に於いても最終仕上げに弗酸による
工程が採用されており、水晶のウエットエッチングは欠
かせない物となっている。
In the present manufacturing process of a crystal unit, a hydrofluoric acid process is used for final finishing not only in the chemical polishing process described in 1 above but also in mechanical polishing. Therefore, wet etching of quartz is an indispensable item.

【0012】しかし、水晶基板をウエットエッチングに
より処理する場合、エッチング中の基板の厚み状態を把
握することは難しい。そこで、一般にはモニターとして
ダミー基板を同時にエッチングし、その周波数から厚み
を換算することで、実際の測定対象である水晶基板の厚
みを把握している。
However, when processing a quartz substrate by wet etching, it is difficult to grasp the thickness state of the substrate during etching. Therefore, in general, a dummy substrate is simultaneously etched as a monitor, and the thickness is converted from the frequency to grasp the actual thickness of the quartz substrate to be measured.

【0013】この方法では、一定時間エッチングした後
に基板をエッチング液から取り出してダミー基板の周波
数を測定し、エッチング量が足りない場合には再びエッ
チングを続行する。また、エッチング中にエッチングむ
らやエッチピットが生じると振動子持性に大きく影響す
るので、このエッチピットの処理として、弗酸(HF)
中で短時間エッチングするライトエッチングが広く用い
られている。
In this method, after etching for a certain period of time, the substrate is taken out of the etching solution and the frequency of the dummy substrate is measured. If the etching amount is insufficient, etching is continued again. Further, if etching unevenness or etch pits are generated during etching, the oscillator durability is greatly affected. Therefore, as processing of these etch pits, hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used.
Light etching, which etches for a short time, is widely used.

【0014】水晶基板の周波数を微調整して所定の値に
揃えるにあたっては、振動子電極の重量を変化させて対
応している。しかし、この調整方法では調整可能な周波
数範囲に限界がある。
Fine adjustment of the frequency of the quartz substrate to bring it to a predetermined value is achieved by changing the weight of the vibrator electrode. However, this adjustment method has a limit in the adjustable frequency range.

【0015】また、エッチング時間による調整では、弗
酸(HF)と重弗化アンモン(NH3HF2)との混合液の
エッチングスピードは、弗酸(HF)のエッチングスピ
ードに比べて2倍程度はやい。
Further, in the adjustment by the etching time, the etching speed of the mixed liquid of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonium bifluoride (NH 3 HF 2 ) is about twice as fast as that of hydrofluoric acid (HF). Fast.

【0016】更に、基板の厚みが薄くなると厚みの減少
に対する周波数の変化は急激となり、短時間のエッチン
グで周波数が大きく変化してしまうので、所定の周波数
に合わせるということが困難になる。一方、初めから弗
酸(HF)水溶液を用いるとエッチングスピードが遅
く、製造に時間がかかってしまう。
Furthermore, as the thickness of the substrate becomes thinner, the frequency changes drastically with the decrease in thickness, and the frequency changes greatly in a short time etching, making it difficult to adjust to a predetermined frequency. On the other hand, if a hydrofluoric acid (HF) aqueous solution is used from the beginning, the etching speed will be slow and the production will take time.

【0017】従来法により製造された水晶振動子を図6
に示す。この図に示されるように、振動部は枠部に比べ
てかなり薄く、その段差部は50(μm)以上にもなる。
そのため、周波数を測定すると、図7の振動波形に示す
ように枠の影響が現れてきてしまう。このため、振動子
として利用する場合には、求める周波数以外にも周波数
が現れてしまい、振動子としては適切ではない。
A crystal resonator manufactured by the conventional method is shown in FIG.
Shown in As shown in this figure, the vibrating portion is considerably thinner than the frame portion, and the stepped portion is as large as 50 (μm) or more.
Therefore, when the frequency is measured, the influence of the frame appears as shown in the vibration waveform of FIG. Therefore, when it is used as a vibrator, frequencies other than the desired frequency appear, which is not suitable as a vibrator.

【0018】本発明は上記背景の下になされたものであ
り、水晶振動子の枠部による周波数変動を抑制し、安定
した特性を有する水晶振動子を得ることを目的とする。
The present invention has been made in view of the above background, and an object thereof is to obtain a crystal unit having stable characteristics by suppressing frequency fluctuations due to the frame portion of the crystal unit.

【0019】[0019]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明は、電歪効果によって振動する振動部とこの
振動部を支持する枠部とを有する水晶振動子において、
前記振動部と枠部との間に、前記振動部が前記枠部と独
立に振動するように前記振動部よりも膜厚が薄い溝部を
形成したことを特徴とする。好ましくは、前記枠部と前
記振動部との間に、前記枠部の機械強度を補強するよう
に、溝部が形成されていない領域が設ける。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a quartz oscillator having a vibrating portion vibrating by an electrostrictive effect and a frame portion supporting the vibrating portion,
A groove portion having a film thickness smaller than that of the vibrating portion is formed between the vibrating portion and the frame portion so that the vibrating portion vibrates independently of the frame portion. Preferably, a region where a groove is not formed is provided between the frame part and the vibrating part so as to reinforce the mechanical strength of the frame part.

【0020】上記溝部の薄さや幅は、上記枠部が上記振
動部に与える影響を抑えるものであればよい。振動部の
機械強度が十分となるのであれば、振動部の全周を囲む
ように溝部を形成してよいが、振動部の強度を保つため
に溝部を設けない領域(溝なし部)を残してもよい。こ
の場合、溝なし部によって振動部と枠部との接続が補強
され、必要な強度が得られるようになる。
The thickness and width of the groove portion may be any as long as the influence of the frame portion on the vibrating portion is suppressed. If the mechanical strength of the vibrating part is sufficient, the groove part may be formed so as to surround the entire circumference of the vibrating part, but in order to maintain the strength of the vibrating part, the groove-free area (non-groove part) is left. May be. In this case, the grooveless portion reinforces the connection between the vibrating portion and the frame portion, so that the required strength can be obtained.

【0021】[0021]

【作用】従来の水晶振動子においては、水晶振動子の振
動部が振動する際に枠部からの影響を受けてその波形に
乱れが生じる場合がある。本発明では、溝部を形成する
ことで水晶振動子の振動部は枠部とは独立に振動するこ
とが可能とされる。
In the conventional crystal oscillator, when the vibrating portion of the crystal oscillator vibrates, the waveform may be disturbed by the influence of the frame portion. In the present invention, the vibrating portion of the crystal resonator can vibrate independently of the frame portion by forming the groove portion.

【0022】[0022]

【実施例】以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施例を詳細に
説明する。図5に示したように、通常の水晶振動子の製
造工程においては水晶基板に金属マスクを成膜し、レジ
スト塗布を行った後に金属マスクをパターン抜きする。
その後に薄板化エッチング及びレジスト除去等を行い、
更に、電極形成及び小割り加工を行って水晶振動子を完
成する。
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 5, in a normal manufacturing process of a crystal unit, a metal mask is formed on a crystal substrate, a resist is applied, and then the metal mask is subjected to pattern removal.
After that, thinning etching and resist removal are performed,
Further, electrodes are formed and small processing is performed to complete the crystal unit.

【0023】上記従来の水晶振動子の製造工程の薄板化
エッチング工程においては、水晶表面をウエットエッチ
ングして振動子及びフィルターを製作している。本実施
例においては、先ずエッチングにより溝部を形成する。
その後、再度薄板形状のパターンをフォトリソグラフィ
ーにより形成し、薄板化エッチングを行う。この時の溝
は枠に沿ってX軸方向に加工を施す。
In the thinning etching step of the above-described conventional crystal resonator manufacturing process, the crystal surface is wet-etched to manufacture the resonator and the filter. In this embodiment, first, the groove is formed by etching.
After that, a thin plate-shaped pattern is formed again by photolithography, and thinning etching is performed. At this time, the groove is processed along the frame in the X-axis direction.

【0024】図1は本実施例において製造した水晶振動
子の上面図であり、1は枠部、2は溝部、3は薄板部
(振動部)、4は電極部、5は溝なし部である。図1の
A−A’断面図に示されるように、水晶振動子の振動部
となる薄板部3は、膜厚の薄い溝部2に囲まれており、
枠部1が薄板部3に与える影響が小さく抑えられるよう
になっている。
FIG. 1 is a top view of the crystal unit manufactured in this embodiment. 1 is a frame portion, 2 is a groove portion, 3 is a thin plate portion (vibrating portion), 4 is an electrode portion, and 5 is a non-grooved portion. is there. As shown in the AA ′ cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, the thin plate portion 3 serving as the vibrating portion of the crystal unit is surrounded by the groove portion 2 having a small film thickness,
The influence of the frame portion 1 on the thin plate portion 3 is suppressed to be small.

【0025】図2にこの水晶振動子の振動波形を示す。
従来法に係る水晶振動子の振動波形を表す図7のグラフ
と比較すると明らかなように、溝部2を設けることで、
枠部1の影響による振動が抑えられて、最適な高周波振
動子の製造が可能となる。
FIG. 2 shows the vibration waveform of this crystal oscillator.
As apparent from comparison with the graph of FIG. 7 showing the vibration waveform of the crystal resonator according to the conventional method, by providing the groove portion 2,
Vibration due to the influence of the frame portion 1 is suppressed, and an optimum high-frequency vibrator can be manufactured.

【0026】図1に示した水晶振動子においては、薄板
部3を溝部2で完全に覆う構成とはせずに、溝部を形成
しない領域(溝なし部5)を六か所設けている。
In the crystal unit shown in FIG. 1, the thin plate portion 3 is not completely covered with the groove portion 2 and six regions where the groove portion is not formed (non-groove portion 5) are provided.

【0027】これは、溝部分の厚みtが薄くなって枠と
振動部を連結する機械的強度が不足となるのを防止する
ための補強部であり、振動波形に影響が殆んど生じない
範囲で溝なし部を設けることで、機械強度を補強するも
のである。
This is a reinforcing portion for preventing the thickness t of the groove portion from becoming thin and the mechanical strength connecting the frame and the vibrating portion becoming insufficient, and the vibration waveform is hardly affected. The mechanical strength is reinforced by providing the grooveless portion within the range.

【0028】溝部分の厚みや振動部の重量等から、機械
的強度上の問題が生じない場合には、図3に示すように
溝部が薄板部3を完全に包む構成としてもよい。
When there is no problem in mechanical strength due to the thickness of the groove portion or the weight of the vibrating portion, the groove portion may completely enclose the thin plate portion 3 as shown in FIG.

【0029】また、従来法では、振動子の周波数が低い
場合には、縁(枠部)の影響を無くすためにベベル加工
を行っている。本実施例のようにエッチングによって溝
部形成した後に2段エッチングを行うと、図4に示され
るように、2回目の薄板化エッチングによって溝と振動
部とのエッジが丸く加工される。従って、図4の矢線で
示されるようにベベル加工と同じような形状に加工され
ることとなり、縁の影響も同時になくすることができ
る。
Further, in the conventional method, when the frequency of the vibrator is low, beveling is performed in order to eliminate the influence of the edge (frame portion). When the two-step etching is performed after the groove is formed by etching as in the present embodiment, the edges of the groove and the vibrating portion are rounded by the second thinning etching as shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 4, the shape is processed into the same shape as the bevel processing, and the influence of the edge can be eliminated at the same time.

【0030】なお、弗酸(HF)と重弗化アンモン(N
3HF2)の水溶液のエッチングスピードは、弗酸(H
F)水溶液のエッチングスピードに比べて2倍程度速い
ことから、振動子の周波数が所望の値に近い値となるま
では弗酸(HF)と重弗化アンモン(NH3HF2)の水
溶液を用いてエッチングを行い、周波数の調整段階で弗
酸(HF)水溶液を用いてエッチングするという方法を
採用している。
It should be noted that hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonium bifluoride (N
The etching speed of the aqueous solution of H 3 HF 2 is hydrofluoric acid (H
F) Since it is about twice as fast as the etching speed of an aqueous solution, an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonium bifluoride (NH 3 HF 2 ) is used until the frequency of the vibrator approaches a desired value. Etching is carried out using a method of etching with a hydrofluoric acid (HF) aqueous solution at the frequency adjustment stage.

【0031】水晶振動子の高周波化を薄板化によって行
う限りはウェットプロセスは必要不可欠な工程であり、
従って周波数の揃った振動子を一度に大量に製造する場
合には、本法を採用するのが有効である。
The wet process is an indispensable step as long as the high frequency of the crystal unit is made thin.
Therefore, when a large number of oscillators with uniform frequencies are manufactured at once, it is effective to adopt this method.

【0032】また、本実施例のような振動子を製造する
場合に、ウエットエッチングにより加工をすることで、
研磨加工では不可能な形状も加工することができる。
Further, when manufacturing the vibrator as in this embodiment, by processing by wet etching,
It is possible to process shapes that cannot be done by polishing.

【0033】[0033]

【発明の効果】上述したように、本発明によれば、水晶
振動子に溝部を設けることで、振動時における枠部の影
響を抑えて求める周波数が容易に得られる。また、エッ
チング条件のコントロールにより様々な深さの溝を製造
することができるので、振動部の厚さに関係なく求める
振動子を製造することができる。即ち、周波数に応じた
溝加工が可能となる。
As described above, according to the present invention, by providing the crystal resonator with the groove portion, it is possible to easily obtain the desired frequency while suppressing the influence of the frame portion during vibration. Further, since the grooves having various depths can be manufactured by controlling the etching conditions, it is possible to manufacture the desired vibrator regardless of the thickness of the vibrating portion. That is, it becomes possible to perform groove processing according to the frequency.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施例に係る水晶振動子の説明図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a crystal resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の一実施例に係る水晶振動子における周
波数と減衰量との相関を示すグラフ。
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a correlation between a frequency and an attenuation amount in the crystal unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】本発明の他の実施例に係る水晶基板の説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a crystal substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

【図4】水晶基板のベベル部の説明図。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a bevel portion of a crystal substrate.

【図5】水晶振動子の製造工程の説明図。FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a manufacturing process of a crystal unit.

【図6】従来例に係る水晶振動子の説明図。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a crystal resonator according to a conventional example.

【図7】従来例に係る水晶振動子における周波数と減衰
量との相関を示すグラフ。
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a correlation between a frequency and an attenuation amount in a crystal resonator according to a conventional example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…枠部 2…溝部 3…薄板部 4…電極部 5…溝なし部 1 ... Frame part 2 ... Groove part 3 ... Thin plate part 4 ... Electrode part 5 ... No groove part

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 田中 雅子 東京都品川区大崎2丁目1番17号 株式会 社明電舎内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masako Tanaka 2-17 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Inside the Meidensha Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 電歪効果によって振動する振動部とこの
振動部を支持する枠部とを有する水晶振動子において、 前記振動部と枠部との間に、前記振動部が前記枠部と独
立に振動するように前記振動部よりも膜厚が薄い溝部を
形成したことを特徴とする水晶振動子。
1. A crystal unit having a vibrating portion that vibrates due to an electrostrictive effect and a frame portion that supports the vibrating portion, wherein the vibrating portion is independent of the frame portion between the vibrating portion and the frame portion. A quartz resonator, wherein a groove portion having a film thickness smaller than that of the vibrating portion is formed so as to vibrate.
【請求項2】 前記枠部と前記振動部との間に、前記枠
部の機械強度を補強するように、溝部が形成されていな
い領域が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1記載
の水晶振動子。
2. A region in which a groove is not formed is provided between the frame portion and the vibrating portion so as to reinforce the mechanical strength of the frame portion. Crystal oscillator.
JP3342895A 1995-02-22 1995-02-22 Crystal oscillator Pending JPH08228121A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3342895A JPH08228121A (en) 1995-02-22 1995-02-22 Crystal oscillator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3342895A JPH08228121A (en) 1995-02-22 1995-02-22 Crystal oscillator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08228121A true JPH08228121A (en) 1996-09-03

Family

ID=12386290

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3342895A Pending JPH08228121A (en) 1995-02-22 1995-02-22 Crystal oscillator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH08228121A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7301258B2 (en) 2004-02-05 2007-11-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Piezoelectric resonator element, piezoelectric resonator, and piezoelectric oscillator
US7368857B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2008-05-06 Seiko Epson Corporation Piezoelectric resonator element, piezoelectric, resonator, and piezoelectric oscillator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7301258B2 (en) 2004-02-05 2007-11-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Piezoelectric resonator element, piezoelectric resonator, and piezoelectric oscillator
US7368857B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2008-05-06 Seiko Epson Corporation Piezoelectric resonator element, piezoelectric, resonator, and piezoelectric oscillator

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