JPH0822244A - Three-dimensional structure model of molecule - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make the spread of electron cloud three-dimensionally appealing to visual sensation like a spaced packing type even different from any type of the spaced pack ing type, a skelton type and a sphere-bar type by assembling specific hollow fourteen- faced polyhedrons, etc., as atom models and connecting a plurality thereof, thereby constituting a three-dimensional molecular model. CONSTITUTION:This three-dimensional molecular model is assembled of two pieces of carbon atom models 10 and six pieces of hydrogen atom models 50. The models 10 and the models 50 are the resembling hollow fourteen-faced polyhedrons composed of the plural planes of resembling hexagonal and square plates. The one side of the planes constituting the models 10, i.e., the respective ridges of the cubes are longer than the models 50 and, therefore, the models 10 are formed larger over the entire part. The hollow fourteen-faced polyhedrons constituting the models 10 have four sheets each of the plane parts of the hexagonal shape. First, the arbitrary plane parts of the hexagonal shape of two pieces of the models 10 are connected by connecting parts. Next, total six pieces of the models 50 are connected to all of the plane parts of the hexagonal shape of remaining three sheets each, by which the assembly is completed. As a result, the molecule form as the spread of a nuclear cloud is expressed and the expression of the coupling angles, coupling lengths, etc., is made possible as well.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional structural model of a molecule, and more particularly to a three-dimensional structural model of a molecule composed of a hollow plastic polyhedron in which a large number of equilateral triangular or hexagonal plates and square plates are combined. It is about.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In all chemical technical fields, a unified formula of molecular formulas and molecular structural formulas are used as means for identifying and displaying the molecular structures of chemical substances produced by various chemical bonds. However, the molecular structure is often difficult to distinguish and explain its characteristics sufficiently only by the molecular structural formula that describes the bonding relation on a two-dimensional plane, and the most important factor is the tertiary structure of various atoms in the molecular bond. The diversity of the original coordinate array. In the field of stereochemistry, which aims to elucidate various physical and chemical phenomena by grasping the behavior of atoms in a molecule in three dimensions, the three-dimensional structure of a molecule has traditionally been used to express the three-dimensional arrangement structure of atoms in a molecular bond. Various proposals have been made for structural models, and they have actually been provided to educational and research sites.

As shown in FIG. 2 (FIG. 2A), the conventional three-dimensional molecular structure model has a space fillin.
g) type, (Fig. B) skeletal type, (C
Figure) It can be divided into three types: ball and stick type. Shown here are both to compare the example of ethanol (C ₂ H ₆ ).
And the bond shape of 6 hydrogen atoms.

The space-filling type of FIG. 2A is a model in which the electron cloud boundary of each atom is assumed to be a sphere, and covalently bonded atoms are expressed as a meshed shape of each sphere to represent a three-dimensional molecular structure. Is. Comparing the size of the outline of atomic boundaries,
The feature is that the coordinates in the three-dimensional space and the overlap and spread in the covalent bond state of each other are assembled and shown in a three-dimensional shape like a foaming phenomenon.

In the skeleton type shown in FIG. 2 (B), two parts (1B) assuming a nucleus of a carbon atom are connected by a connecting rod (3B) showing the covalent bond distance, and further, the carbon atom and the hydrogen atom. A model is composed of 6 connecting rods (4B) representing covalent bonds with. Since the molecular model is created by the length of the rod and the three-dimensional angle of the implanted ones, it is easy to see the covalent bond distance and bond angle between the atoms, which are difficult to express in the space-filling type described above, and the configuration of the organic compounds of the same molecular formula It is characterized by the convenience of comparative expression of isomers.

The sphere and rod type shown in FIG.
C), a hydrogen atom (5C), a connecting rod of carbon atoms (3C), and a connecting rod (4) connecting a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom.
C) and. This sphere-and-rod-shaped molecular model is a skeletal deformation, and in addition to the connecting rods that respond to the covalent bond distance, an atomic model that is proportional to the size of each atomic structure concept is prepared, and a rough three-dimensional model is prepared. I am trying to express the molecular structure.

However, in the above-mentioned three conventional examples, all of them should be used for chemical education or academic research.
There are challenges in manufacturing those components.
Regardless of which method is used, a component representing an atom or atomic nucleus must have multiple bond surfaces with a perpendicular line from its surface to the center, or multiple bond holes with the normal line toward the center of the part. It determines the bond angle between atoms and controls the shape change of the molecular model. In addition, when performing machining such as individual cutting and drilling of parts, or designing and manufacturing plastic molding dies for mass production, the functional points required for parts, that is, structures that can handle various bond angles In order to secure the precision of the bond angle control, high technology or expensive man-hours are required. To date, the space-filling type of Fig. 2 (A) has been seen as an example of research materials in specialized research institutes, etc. Figure) is a ball-and-stick system.

[0008]

The present invention can represent the molecular form as the spread of the electron cloud like the space-filling type, and at the same time, the skeleton type and the bond angles and bonds of the sphere and rod type. Compared with conventional products, 3D structural models of molecules that can express length, rough shape of molecules, etc. and are creatively attractive as teaching materials of chemistry and stereogeometry are easier to manufacture than plastics. It is intended to be provided by combining parts.

[0009]

[Means for Solving the Problems] To achieve the above object,
A three-dimensional structure model of a molecule according to the present invention is a regular plate or a plurality of plastic plate-like pieces (A) each having a hole in the center, which is a hexagon obtained by cutting three corners of a regular triangle. An equilateral triangle or a hexagon having three sides of the same size and two sides of opposite sides having the same length and a square plastic plate-like piece (B) having a hole in the center, and having the same size of (A) The sides are connected to each other by the two sides having the same length (B) and the mutual connection means (A) and (B) which have a folding function, and (A) and (B) are alternately connected to each other. After making a plate-like piece that touches the sides of and expands on a plane, the connection part is sequentially bent along the connection line to form a ridge, and finally the predetermined connection side left on the developed shape end face is matched. , Assembled and obtained as a ridge by connecting and bending work,
A hollow tetrahedron or 26-hedron formed by the flat portions of (A) and (B) and the polygonal opening is used as an atomic model, and a plurality of flat portions thereof are opposed to each other, It is characterized by being connected through a hole.

[0010]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, first, a hollow made of a plastic plate-shaped piece having a plurality of equilateral triangular or hexagonal flat surfaces and a plurality of quadrangular flat surfaces and a plurality of polygonal openings. Assemble a plurality of 14-faced or 26-faced, and use these as an atomic model necessary for constructing a molecular model.

Next, from the planes of the individual atom models, the ones that form covalent bond planes with other atom models are selected, and the predetermined planes of the two atom models are made to face each other. A desired molecular structure model can be three-dimensionally constructed by connecting and further connecting a plurality of atom models one after another at a predetermined bond angle and order.

[0012]

EXAMPLES Examples showing a three-dimensional structural model of a molecule according to the present invention, geometrical features related to a basic structure and specific means for implementing the same will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The details will be described.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a three-dimensional structural model of a molecule according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In this example, ethanol (C ₂ H ₆ ) was used as in the conventional example shown in FIG.
Is represented by two carbon atom models (10) and six hydrogen atom models (50). The carbon atom model and the hydrogen atom model are similar hollow tetrahedrons composed of a plurality of planes of a similar hexagonal plate and a rectangular plate, but each side of the plane that constitutes the carbon atom model The ridge is longer than the hydrogen atom model, so the carbon atom model is larger overall.

The hollow tetrahedron forming the carbon atom model (10) has four hexagonal plate flat parts, but first, two hexagonal plate flat parts of two carbon atom models are connected by connecting parts. Then, a total of six hydrogen atom models (50) are connected to all the remaining three hexagonal plate planes to complete the assembly of this embodiment. As I will explain later about the geometrical features of this tetrahedron, it is derived from the center of one carbon atom model,
Four perpendiculars with legs in the centers of the four hexagonal plate planes that form the connecting surface with the adjacent carbon atom model and three hydrogen atom models are the centers of the tetrahedron at an angle of 109.5 degrees. Intersects with and satisfies the necessary conditions for tetravalent bond of tetravalent carbon atom.

The two carbon atom models are connected by a connecting part that fits through a connecting hole located in the center of the connecting surfaces of the hexagonal plates, with the normal line of the connecting hole as the axis. Mutual swirling is possible, and changes in various conformers of ethanol caused by swiveling displacement of the positional relationship of hydrogen atoms with the bond axis of carbon atoms as the projection axis can be expressed.

Next, 1 for forming the atom model of the embodiment
The history of the idea of hollow polyhedra such as tetrahedra is described, and their geometrical characteristics and suitability as atomic model shapes are clarified. It is well known that the carbon atom plays a major role in the molecular bond of organic chemistry that requires a three-dimensional structure model.
In many cases, it has a covalent bond surface with other atoms in four directions with an angle difference of about 109.5 degrees connecting the four vertices of the tetrahedron at the center, which is called tetravalent tetrahedral bond. Is said. Therefore, the idea of borrowing the shape of a regular tetrahedron as it is to create an atom model shape arises, but in addition to tetravalent bonds, carbon atoms have bond forms such as double bonds that form a benzene ring, etc. You cannot express them in the original form. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3 (A), a regular triangular plate-like side (31) capable of forming a hollow regular tetrahedron is prepared, and two opposing sides of each regular triangle forming a ridge face each other. Side is positive 3
Six square plate-shaped pieces (32) with the same length as the two sides of the square
And (33), a hollow tetrahedron as shown in FIG. 3 (B) is produced. If the above-mentioned six rectangular plate-like pieces are congruent rectangles with the two sides facing the opening forming a triangle being equal in length, the center of the regular triangle is the foot and the center of the tetrahedron is the center. The four perpendiculars to the direction are the same as in the case of the regular tetrahedron, and they coincide with each other at the center of the tetrahedron at an angle of 109.5 degrees. Therefore, if we define that such a regular tetrahedral surface of a hollow tetrahedron is used as a regular tetrahedral bonding surface and a rectangular surface sandwiched by the regular triangular surfaces is used as a double bonding surface, this is a carbon atom model. Available as a shape. In addition, FIG.
In the figure), the three rectangular plates (32) surrounding the upper regular triangular plate and the lower three rectangular plates (33) have slightly different lengths of the two sides facing the opening. If the congruent rectangles are made one by one, it means that each plate-shaped piece faces at a slightly different angle from that inherited from a regular tetrahedron, and if the two sides of the rectangular plate are appropriately sized, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. It can be applied to an atomic model having a bond surface with a distorted angle of a tetrahedron.

The concept of the atom model shape described above can be further developed into a more appropriate shape based on a regular octahedron. FIG. 4 shows that all six vertices of a regular octahedron (40) have a four-sided pyramid-like shape (4) in which the lengths of the four edges forming the vertices are individually less than half the edges of the regular octahedron.
It is a perspective view of the figure cut away as 1). Here, the first regular octahedron is changed into a tetrahedron, which is composed of a hexagonal (42) 8 surface and a newly formed quadrangle (43) 6 surface. The eight hexagonal faces are all the rest of the equilateral triangular faces of the regular octahedron, and the three plane perpendiculars having legs on the three sides of each equilateral triangle face and the center of the center are not separated, and the hexagonal faces are not separated. It remains as is. Therefore, 4 sheets consisting of an arbitrary hexagonal surface and three other hexagonal surfaces with adjacent square surfaces
The pairs of hexagonal planes have feet on each surface and face each other at the angles of the solid perpendiculars that match inside the tetrahedron, and the angles formed by these four solid perpendiculars should all be about 109 degrees and 28 minutes. . Therefore, even in a hollow tetrahedron of the same shape made so that these four three-dimensional perpendicular lines have almost the same length, a set of four hexagonal surfaces is represented by methane (CH ₃ ). It should be possible to form a tetrahedral molecular bond model of a tetravalent carbon atom. In addition, the six quadrangular surfaces created from the cut end are
It can be seen as a constituent surface of a certain hexahedron, and if these 14-hedra are properly designed so that they can also participate in the molecular bonding surface, it will be possible to assemble molecular models and create various atom model shapes suitable for various models. Conceivable.

FIG. 5 shows the regular octahedron based on the above concept.
When changing to a face, the center of the newly created quadrangular surface
It is in contact with the inscribed sphere of the old regular octahedron, and therefore the lengths of the solid perpendiculars of all 14 surfaces are equal, and all 14 of them match at the center of the tetrahedron. , Showing the components. In FIG. 5, the broken line indicates the ridge of the old regular octahedron, and the solid line indicates the ridge of the tetrahedron. (A
In the figure), two 6 vertices of a regular octahedron are arranged according to the solid coordinate axes of the 3 facet angles, and when viewed from any 6 axis direction, the four edges connecting the 4 vertices are square, It is a projected shape that looks like it stands at one corner. (Figure B) is
On the other hand, when (A figure) is a plan view, it is rotated counterclockwise by 45 ° about the central apex P ₀ as an axis, the ridge of A ₀ B ₀ is turned to the front, and A ₁ B ₁ is taken as the X axis, FIG. 3 is a front view of a regular octahedron at an angle which looks like a rhombus surrounded by four perpendicular lines of a regular triangle which constitutes the regular octahedron. (Figure C) is a square 4 in (Figure A)
5 ΔP ₀ B ₀ C ₀ looks right triangle °, ΔP ₂ B
It is replaced with an actual equilateral triangle plan view of ₂ C ₂ . When a sphere of radius R is inscribed in a regular octahedron, (B
In the figure), the sphere is drawn as a circle with a radius R inscribed on the four sides. Therefore, if the vertex indicated by P ₁ is cut off as a regular quadrangular pyramid whose bottom edge is the line of E ₁ F ₁ which is parallel to the line of the edge A ₁ B _{1 and} is in contact with a circle of radius R, the Length E ₁
The square face of F ₁ should be in contact with the sphere R at the center.
In this way, by cutting all six vertices of the regular octahedron as regular quadrangular pyramids of the bottom edge E ₁ F ₁ of the height P ₁ Q ₁ 1 side at (Fig. B), a predetermined tetrahedron is obtained. Here, as shown in Formula 1, if the length of one edge of a regular octahedron, A ₁ B ₁ in (B figure) is set as L, (B figure) a regular triangle perpendicular line A ₁ P ₁ forming the four sides of the rhombus Is (√3 / 2) L, and O ₁ P ₁ is (1 / √2) L because the original octahedron is the height of two regular pyramids when viewed as a tie of two regular pyramids. . (B
In the figure) right triangles ΔA ₁ O ₁ S ₁ and ΔA ₁ T ₁ E
_{Since 1} is a symmetric congruent shape, the distance between opposite sides of the hexagon shown by M ₂ N ₂ in the line segment A ₁ E ₁ (Fig. C) is the line segment A 1.
₁ O ₁ (1/2) L. Here again, since the right triangles ΔA ₁ O ₁ P ₁ and ΔA ₁ T ₁ E ₁ (see FIG. B) have similar shapes, from the proportional calculation formula, the length of the radius R of the circle equal to the line segment T ₁ E ₁ is calculated. Is found to be (1 / √6) L. If the length of R is subtracted from the original height O ₁ P _{1 of the} quadrangular pyramid, the height Q ₁ P _{1 of the} quadrangular pyramid to be cut can be known, and E ₁ obtained from the proportional calculation formula again
From Q ₁ , E, which is one side of a quadrangle and is also the long side of a hexagon
The length of ₁ F ₁ is found to be (1/3) × (3-√3) L. The plan view of the hexagon is as shown in (C) and the short side F ₂
L ₂ is a regular octahedron edge length B ₂ P ₂ to a hexagonal long side F ₂ G
_{It is} (1/3) × (2√3-3) L obtained by subtracting 2 times ₂ As a real number, the long side of the hexagon is about 0.423, and the short side is about 0.155 multiplied by the edge length L. Here, it is found that the combination of hexagons and squares, which have the above-described proportionality of the numerical values to the length of one side, forms a trihedral symmetrical tetrahedron that is closest to a sphere.

[0019]

[Equation 1]

FIG. 6 shows an axially symmetric dodecahedron as described above,
It is a reference drawing which newly showed the dimensional relationship of the hexagonal and quadrangular surfaces for making as a geometrical three-dimensional model. Figure 6 (A
(Figure) is for making the axisymmetric 14-sided body closest to the sphere described above. As an example in which the long and short 2 sides of a parallelepiped are the integer ratio of the approximate value of this ratio, For example, 52: 26: 22: 8 obtained by multiplying each numerical value in the figure by 52/3. That is, all the sides of a regular triangle with a side of 34 mm and a regular octahedron of 34 mm are cut out as a regular triangle of 22 mm on a side, and the distance between opposite sides is 26 mm, the long side is 22 mm, and the short side is 8.
For example, a parallel hexagon of mm and one side of a square connected to the hexagon is 22 mm.

FIG. 6 (B) shows another way of thinking when making an axisymmetric dodecahedron with the opposite side distance of a parallelepiped and one side of a square having the same size. The approximate value integer ratio of this example is 34: 26: 26: 8, that is, all the corners of a regular triangle of 34 mm on a side are 8 m on a side.
Cut out as a regular triangle of m, and the distance between the opposite side and the long side are 26
mm, short side 8 mm, parallel hexagon, and one side of a square connected to this side is 26 mm. The tetrahedral shape is shown in FIG. 10, but the perpendicular distance from the cubic center of the square surface is slightly shorter than that of the hexagonal surface. Therefore, it seems convenient if the square face is a double bond face of carbon atoms and it is made into a carbon model shape, but when making a benzene ring bond as shown in FIG. Due to the dimensional relationship shown in (A), the tetrahedron shape has the advantage of being a connected shape closer to a regular hexagon.

When attempting to manufacture the solid body of the solid dodecahedron specifically for use as an atomic model, the conventional solid body shown in FIG. 2 is used by means of machining such as cutting from a predetermined material or by means of various plastic working. As mentioned in the example, a high level of processing technology is required, including the fabrication of connecting holes that connect the atom models. However, this is a triangle or hexagon and a 4
If it is a hollow polyhedron in which plate-shaped pieces such as a square shape are connected, the plate-shaped piece as an assembly part including the work of the connecting hole provided in the center has a surface or hole designed at a specific angle. This is much easier than the case of producing a spherical or polyhedral shape as a single three-dimensional structure, and this is the essence of the present invention. In addition, this tetrahedron has 6
There are 8 square faces, but 4 faces as tetravalent molecule-bonding faces 1.
Since a set is sufficient, as will be described below with reference to FIGS. 7, 9 and 10, four hexagonal plate-shaped pieces are connected to the six square plate-shaped pieces with ridges formed therebetween. It has a hollow polyhedron shape. Therefore, this 14-sided body has 6
There is an angular opening, which has the effect of making it extremely easy to assemble a plate-shaped piece from a continuous flat development shape into a dodecahedron model and to connect the models to each other.

Next, a procedure for manufacturing the axially symmetric 14-sided body shown as an example of the present invention in FIGS. 5 and 6 by combining plate-like pieces will be described. First, as described with reference to FIG. 6, a parallelepiped is constructed by cutting three corners of an equilateral triangle in parallel with the pair of pieces. A square consisting of one side equal to the long side of the parallel hexagon generated here is drawn, and four parallel hexagonal plate-like pieces (A) and six square plate-like pieces (B) are drawn. Is defined as an element for constructing a hollow dodecahedron. An appropriate thickness as a plastic plate piece is selected from the areas of (A) and (B), and at the same time, a common hole shape to be held in the center of (A) and (B) is determined. Next, one long piece of (A) and (B)
A connecting means that connects the same side of 1 and is bent along the connecting line is selected and added to the design structure of (A) and (B). This connecting means has only to satisfy the connecting and bending functions of (A) and (B), and (B) must be placed next to (A).
Since they are connected, it is not necessary that they have similar shapes (A) and (B). The connection structure determined here is divided into (A) and (B), and (A) has this on the three long sides of the parallelepiped,
(B) has two opposite sides corresponding to this.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the parallel hexagonal plate (A) and the square plate (B), whose design specifications and dimensions are fixed, are manufactured as plastic plate parts. Figure 7 (Figure B)
The square plate of is provided with a pair of torus-shaped protrusions (70) per side for connecting two sides to the parallel hexagonal plate, and the parallel hexagonal plate of FIG. While receiving and connecting the square plate torus-shaped projections on the three long sides,
It has an eyeglass frame-shaped connecting piece (71) having a function of bending the connecting portion to form a ridge. In FIG. 7 (C), a pair of plate-shaped connecting pieces of parallel hexagonal plates are press-fitted into the torus-shaped protrusions of the square plate to connect the two plate-shaped pieces, and further, the connection pieces are bent to form ridges. Is shown in a sectional view of FIG.

Both the parallel hexagonal plate and the square plate are provided at the center with a connecting hole (72) for performing a connecting function with another polyhedron after the hollow polyhedron is assembled. The connecting parts may be a combination of bolts and nuts that are generally used for the purpose of tightening two plate-shaped pieces, but are used as parts of passenger cars and home electric appliances as shown in FIG. Canoe clip (81) or grommet (8
Various plate-shaped piece-bonding plastic parts referred to as 2), which meet the hole size, are also available.

Thus, by combining the simple plate-like pieces shown in FIG. 7, the tetrahedron of FIG.
It is possible to assemble an axisymmetric polyhedron such as a tetrahedron, a 62-hedron, etc. Furthermore, a wide variety can be obtained by combining parallel hexagonal plates and square plates similar to the above with a slightly different size of one piece without changing the specifications of the connection function. A polyhedron such as a modified tetrahedron can be constructed. FIG. 9 shows a plan development view in which four parallel hexagonal plates and six square plates are connected by the parts and the connection method shown in FIG. 7, but each connection part is sequentially bent and 3 in the development view. When the predetermined connection sides (91, 92, 93) at each place are connected, the axisymmetric dodecahedron shown in FIG. 10 is assembled. FIG. 10 (A) is a three-sided view in which the square plate surface is placed on a plane, and FIG. 10 (B) is a three-sided view in which the parallel hexagonal plate surface is similarly placed.

11 and 12 show the parallel hexagonal plate 8 in the same manner as described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
FIG. 11 shows that an axisymmetric 26-faced body having 6 sides of octagonal opening portions is assembled by using a sheet, 12 square plates, and a plate-shaped piece of the above-mentioned multiple. FIG. FIG. 12 (A) is a three-sided view in which a square plate surface is placed on a plane, and FIG. 12 (B) is likewise a three-sided view in which the parallel hexagonal plate surface is placed. As can be judged from these figures, the projected shape of this 26-faced body projected from the direction perpendicular to the square plate surface is an axially symmetric octagon with a rectangular corner cut off, and also a square corner rather than an octagonal opening direction. Is a point-symmetrical octagon, which is a point-symmetrical dodecagon in which the corners of a regular hexagon are slightly dropped from the plate surface direction. The angles formed by the perpendiculars of the plate-shaped surfaces are more complex and diverse than those of the above-mentioned 14-sided polygon, but the perpendicular angles between the parallel hexagonal plates are about 68.
There are four types of parallel hexagonal plates, namely, 109.5 degrees, about 136 degrees, and 180 degrees, that is, coaxial, and the normal line of any parallel hexagonal plate and the parallelepiped surface of the same three sides separated by the opposite side of the opening. The angles formed by the individual perpendiculars are about 109.5 degrees, respectively, and like the tetrahedron described above, the combination forms a regular tetrahedral connection. The types of perpendicular angles between square plates are 9
As shown in the plan view of FIG. 12 (B), there are 0 degrees and 180 degrees, and the perpendicular line of the 6-sided square plate forming the outer periphery of the projection shape of the projection axis perpendicular to the parallel hexagonal plate is Since they are on a plane that horizontally cuts the center, and the angles formed by the adjacent square plates are all 30 degrees and they coincide at the center, the intersecting shape of the 6 planes forms one regular hexagon. Therefore,
By connecting 6 hollow 26-sided polyhedrons, a non-planar carbon-carbon bond model of cyclohexane (C ₆ H ₁₂ ), which is important as an organic compound substance, can be formed by connecting parallel hexagonal plate surfaces with each other. In contrast to benzene ring (C ₆ H
The planar carbon ring bond model of ₆ ) is also easily constructed by connecting square plate surfaces whose cross sections are arranged in a regular hexagonal shape, and has a very convenient geometrical shape to develop into a macromolecular structure model. I can say.

The plate-like parts shown in the plan development views of FIGS. 9 and 11 given as examples are both explained by the connecting work of the plate-like pieces described in FIG. 7. However, in order to reduce the cost of parts and simplify the assembly, the plate-like pieces (A) in FIG. 7 (A) and the plate-like pieces (B) in (B) are alternately connected to each other from the beginning. As a single plate-shaped component, such as a plate-shaped piece or a plate-shaped piece composed of 10 (A) and (B) plates for assembling a 14-sided body, and a plate-shaped piece composed of 20 plates (A) and (B) for a 26-sided body. There is no difficulty in manufacturing and forming the metal mold, which is the proposed requirement.

Similar to FIG. 1, the features thereof will be described below with reference to an example of assembling a molecular model by the atomic model of FIGS. 10 and 12. FIG. 13 FIG. 14 is a term relating to stereo-coordinate isomers in chemical books and the like, and the model of the cyclohexane (C ₆ H ₁₂ ) carbocyclic bond portion that is always referred to is shown by the bond of the 6 tetrahedra in FIG. It is a thing. FIG.
3 is a conformational model of carbon atoms called a chair shape in which two sets of three parts are arranged in a plane with their backs out of a total of 12 covalent bonding surfaces (130) with hydrogen atoms. FIG. 14 is a conformational isomer of cyclohexane in FIG. 13, which has a shape called a boat shape, which is explained to be slightly chemically unstable as compared with the former. Then, if the six connecting portions (131) of the chair-shaped model of FIG. 13 are simultaneously swung, the chair-shaped hydrogen atom of the first chair-shaped returns to the chair-shaped, which is turned upside down, via the boat-shaped of FIG. The conformational transition phenomenon of cyclohexane, which is called inversion, can be observed as a motion of being connected.

FIG. 15 shows ethanol (C ₂ H
₆ ) is represented, both the carbon atom model and the hydrogen atom model are represented by similar hollow tetrahedrons in FIG. 1, and the distinction between the two is based on the size of the plate, but in FIG. A 26-sided piece (20) with a plate-like piece having a size of
It is a model in which the face piece (50) is regarded as a hydrogen atom. As a method of indicating the atom type of the atomic model, it is easy to diversify not only by the difference in size as described above but also by combining with the color combination of the plate-shaped pieces. Furthermore, if the specifications of the plate-shaped one-sided part are unified, parallel hexagonal plates with slightly different side dimensions,
Even if it is mixed with a square or rectangular plate, a combination that can be assembled into a three-dimensional shape can be obtained, so even if it is limited to a 14-sided body,
A wide variety of shapes are available.

A hexagonal ring-bonding model is obtained by assembling as shown in FIG. 16 in order to form a benzene ring in which six carbon atoms are ring-bonded on a plane in the tetrahedron of FIG. However, when four parallel hexagonal plates are used as ordinary carbon tetravalent bonding faces and square plate faces are used as bonding faces, the bonds of the two parallel hexagonal plates sandwiching the faces are defined as a double bond, which is a model expression. If we promise to unify, this circular bond is a double bond (1
62) It is a special cyclic group called quinone having an octavalent bond at two positions and a monovalent bond (161) at four positions. Here, the benzene ring has six 1.5-fold bonds (16
According to the idea that 3) holds, parallel hexagonal plates and square plate surfaces are faced and connected in order, and one parallel hexagonal plate per carbon model has a monovalent bonding surface (161). 17) are assembled so that they are evenly oriented in the six directions as shown in FIG. The result is that the projected shape of a hexahedron of a tetrahedron is not a regular hexagon, so about 5 points per connecting part
There is a degree of angle discrepancy, which causes a visual discomfort. This is because if the tetrahedron close to the sphere described in FIGS. 5 and 6 (A) is adopted, practically no inconvenience will occur, but if a strictly hexagonal bonding group is strictly required, , There are the following means.

It is geometrically impossible to make a similar tetrahedron having a regular hexagonal projected shape only by the combination of the parallel hexagonal plate and the square plate used in the above embodiments. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, a rhomboidal square plate having a side length equal to that of a square plate and facing inside angles of about 100 degrees and 80 degrees, and having a fold line such that a diagonal line of 80 degrees is slightly bent. Fig. 20 is a schematic view of the tetrahedron development view of Fig. 9 in which four of the six square plates are replaced with four pieces and connected as shown in the development view of Fig. 19. Hollow polyhedra are obtained. This shape is not exactly a tetrahedron but rather an 18-sided body, but the internal angle of each ridge between two square plates and four parallel hexagonal plates sandwiching this is about 120 degrees. As shown in FIG. 20, the side surface projection shape in which the square plate surface is a flat surface is a regular hexagonal shape in both the XY axis directions. Therefore, if you construct a carbon bond model of the benzene ring using this, you can also construct it as shown in Fig. 17, or like the benzene symbol in which every other double bond (162) where the square plate faces are in possession of every other three. However, in each case, as shown in FIG.
It becomes a regular hexagonal ring-shaped base on a plane and can be expanded one after another in a honeycomb shape.

As described in detail above, the three-dimensional structural model of a molecule according to the present invention is a plane part of an equilateral triangle or a hexagonal plate and a quadrangle in which one side is connected to the three long sides. Formed by a plane portion of the plate and a polygonal opening surrounded by two sides that are not connected to the other surface of the rectangular plate plane portion,
A hollow 14-faced or a 26-faced hollow was assembled as an atomic model, and a plurality of them were connected to form a three-dimensional molecular model. Therefore, even though it is different from space-filling type, skeleton type, sphere and rod type, space Spreads the electron cloud 3 like a filling type
A model that can be visually appealed in a three-dimensional manner and that can also outline the bond angle, bond distance, bond shape, etc., like the skeleton type and sphere and rod type, according to the theory is manufactured. It is possible to provide by using easy parts.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a hollow tetrahedron 8 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Number representing the connecting together to ethanol (C 2 _{H 6),} is a perspective view showing an example of a three-dimensional structure model of the molecule.

FIG. 2 shows a conventional three-dimensional structure model method of three types of molecules, as in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
₂ H ₆ ) is shown as a perspective view.

FIG. 3 shows a process of an idea of forming a tetrahedron composed of six regular triangles and four tetragons from a regular tetrahedron, which is a base point of the idea of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing that when all six vertices of a regular octahedron are cut off as a pentahedron similar to a quadrangular pyramid, a hexahedron of eight sides and a tetragon of six sides of 14 sides are formed.

FIG. 5 shows, together with the mathematical formula 1, a condition that when a regular octahedron is changed to a tetrahedron, all the surfaces are in contact with the inscribed spherical surface of the regular octahedron and the shape becomes the closest to a sphere.

FIG. 6 shows the basic shape of a parallelepiped that forms a hollow 14-sided body or a hollow 26-sided body that constitutes the molecular model of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which a parallel hexagonal plate and a square plate forming a hollow 14-sided body or a hollow 26-sided body are plastic parts having a structure for mutually connecting, and a connecting method therefor.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a connecting part used for a general passenger car or the like, which can be used for connecting with another polyhedron through a connecting hole after the hollow polyhedron is assembled.

FIG. 9 shows an unfolded plan view of four parallel hexagonal plates and six square plates making a hollow tetrahedron.

FIG. 10 is a trihedral view showing the shape of an assembled hollow axisymmetric dodecahedron from various angles.

FIG. 11: Eight parallel hexagonal plates for making a hollow 26-sided body,
FIG. 4 shows a connected plan view of 12 square plates.

FIG. 12 is a trihedral view of the shape of an assembled hollow axisymmetric 26-sided body from various angles.

FIG. 13 is a conformational model of carbon atoms called a chair shape of a cyclohexane (C ₆ H ₁₂ ) carbon cyclic bond portion formed by six hollow tetrahedrons.

FIG. 14 shows a conformational shape model of carbon atoms called a boat shape in a carbon cyclic bond portion of cyclohexane (C ₆ H ₁₂ ) formed by six hollow tetrahedrons.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structural model of a molecule expressing ethanol (C ₂ H ₆ ) with a hollow 26-sided body as a carbon atom and a hollow 14-sided body as a hydrogen atom.

FIG. 16 shows quinone (C ₆ O) formed by 6 hollow tetrahedrons.
₂ H ₄ ), which is a shape model of the carbocyclic bond portion of ( ₂ H ₄ ).

FIG. 17: Benzene ring (C
6H ₆ ) shows a model of the shape of the carbocyclic bond part of ₆ H ₆ ).

FIG. 18 shows diamond-shaped quadrangular plates with facing inner angles of about 100 degrees and 80 degrees for obtaining a special hollow tetrahedron.

FIG. 19 shows a connected plan development view of four parallel hexagonal plates, two square plates and four diamond-shaped quadrangular plates that make a hollow tetrahedron convenient for benzene ring formation.

FIG. 20 is a view obtained by assembling the plate-shaped pieces of FIG.
FIG. 7 is a three-sided view of a modification of a hollow tetrahedron in which one parallel hexagonal surface and one square surface face each other at a perpendicular angle of 120 ° intersecting with each other in a plane.

FIG. 21 shows a shape model of a carbon-bonding portion of a benzene ring by a variant of six hollow tetrahedrons having a regular hexagonal projected shape in FIG. 20.

[Description of sign]

 1A, 1B, 1C, 10, 20 Carbon atom model 5A, 5C, 50 Hydrogen atom model 3B, 3C, 4B, 4C Connecting rod 31 Regular triangle plate piece 32, 33 Square plate piece 40 Regular octahedron 41 4 Four-sided pyramid 5 Face piece 42 Hexagonal surface 43 Quadrilateral surface 70 Torus-shaped protrusion 71 Eyeglass frame-shaped connection piece 72 Connection hole 81 Canoe clip 82 Grommet 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 Connection side 130, 140 Covalent bonding surface 131, 141 Connection part 161 Monovalent bond surface 162 Double bond surface 163 1.5 Double bond surface

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of plastic plate-like pieces (A) each having a hexagonal shape obtained by cutting a regular triangle or three corners of the regular triangle by a predetermined amount, and the regular triangle or the hexagonal shape. It is composed of a plurality of quadrangular plastic plate-like pieces (B) having three holes having the same size and two opposite sides having the same length and having a hole in the center.
Of two sides of equal length, and (A) and (B) themselves have,
Connect by mutual connection means that also has a folding function,
(A) and (B) are alternately formed into a single plate-like piece that is in contact with each other and develops on a plane, and then the connecting portion is sequentially bent along the connecting line to form a ridge, and finally the developed shape end surface. Hollow 14-sided body obtained by assembling the predetermined connection sides left in the above, assembling as a ridge by connecting and bending work, and formed by the flat portion of (A) and (B) and the polygonal opening. Alternatively, a three-dimensional structural model of a molecule is characterized in that a 26-sided body is used as an atomic model, and a plurality of plane portions thereof are opposed to each other and are connected through the holes of the plate-like piece. 2. A plurality of plate-like pieces (A) each having a hole in the center and a hexagon obtained by cutting three corners of the equilateral triangle or the equilateral triangle by a predetermined amount, and the equilateral triangle or the hexagon. A plurality of plate-like pieces (B) each having a hole in the center are formed into a quadrangle having two opposite sides having the same size as three sides and the same length as the above (A) and (B).
Through a narrow strip that can be bent thinner than (A)
(B) Plastic plate-like pieces having a shape which is alternately connected by the sides of the same length and expands on a plane are sequentially bent with the band-shaped portion as a fold to form a ridge, and finally a predetermined end surface side of the expanded shape. , A hollow portion obtained by assembling by connecting and bending a connecting means and a connecting portion having a band-shaped fold line.
A three-dimensional structure model of a molecule, characterized in that a tetrahedron or a 26-hedron is used as an atomic model, and a plurality of plane portions thereof are opposed to each other and are connected by a hole at the center of the plate-shaped pieces. 3. A regular hexagon or three parallel hexagons obtained by cutting three corners of a regular triangle in parallel with opposite sides, and four plastic plate pieces (C) having a hole in the center, and the regular triangle. It is made up of three triangular or parallel hexagons having the same size and six square or rectangular plastic plate-like pieces (D) having the opposite two sides of the same length and having a hole in the center. The three sides of the dimension are connected to each other by the two sides having the same length of (D) and the mutual connection means having both the bending function of (C) and (D) itself, and (C) and (D). Is a plate-like piece that alternately develops on a plane by contacting the sides, and then bends all the connecting parts along the connecting lines in order to form ridges, and finally the predetermined shape left on the developed shape end face. It is obtained by combining the connecting edges of the above and assembling as a ridge by connecting and bending work. An axisymmetric hollow 14 formed by 4 planes of the flat plane, 6 planes of the (D) plane, and 4 planes of the opening plane surrounded by the sides of (D) or (C) (D). A three-dimensional molecular model of a molecule, characterized in that a surface body is an atomic model, and a plurality of them are connected to each other by a hole at the center of the plate-like piece. 4. An equilateral triangle or three triangles of an equilateral triangle are cut into parallel hexagons parallel to opposite sides by a predetermined amount to form a parallel hexagon, and eight plastic plate-like pieces (C) having a hole in the center, and the equilateral triangle. It is composed of three sides of a triangle or the parallel hexagon having the same size, and twelve pieces of square or rectangular plastic plate-like pieces (D) having the opposite two sides of the same length and having a hole in the center.
And three sides having the same size of the above, and two sides of the same length in (D) above,
(C) and (D) themselves are connected to each other by a mutual connecting means that also has a bending function.
Is a plate-like piece that alternately develops on a plane by contacting the sides, and then bends all the connecting parts along the connecting lines in order to form ridges, and finally the predetermined shape left on the developed shape end face. Are obtained by assembling ridges by connecting and connecting and connecting them to each other to form a ridge, and the flat surface 8 surface of (C), the flat surface 12 surface of (D), (D) or (C) ( An axisymmetric hollow 26-faced body formed by 6 open faces surrounded by the side of D) is used as an atomic model, and a plurality of them are connected to each other through a hole at the center of the plate-like piece. The characteristic three-dimensional structural model of the molecule. 5. A hollow tetrahedron or a 26-sided polyhedron is used as an atomic model, and a plurality of the polyhedrons are connected to each other through a hole at the center of the plate-like piece to be assembled.
(B) A three-dimensional structural model of a molecule, which is constituted by a combination of the respective members of (C). (A) A plate-like piece having a hole in the center of a hexagon obtained by cutting a regular triangle or three corners of the regular triangle by a predetermined amount, and the regular triangle or the hexagon having the same three sides,
Plate-shaped member for first atomic model having first connecting means provided so as to be bendable (B) Having one side having connecting means of the first plate-shaped member, two opposite sides having the same size, and a center A plate-shaped member for a second atom model (C), which has a square plate-shaped piece having a hole in its part, and has second connecting means for coupling with the first connecting means on one plane of the square plate-shaped piece (C) A connecting member that is provided in the first atomic model plate-shaped member and the second atomic model plate-shaped member and that fits into the central hole and connects the respective members.