JPH08184287A - Excavation method for tunnel and gantry used for the method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To reduce the, construction period, by parallelly and efficiently carrying out a lining work of an excavated wall face and the excavation work of the tunnel with a certain length by use of a blasting work against the ground of working faces of the upper and lower benches, in a tunnel construction work by means a two-stage bench cut method. CONSTITUTION: Working machines like a drilling machine 4 for blasting holes, a work cage 5 for erection of supports, a concrete sprayer 6, etc., are arranged so as to freely travel, on a long gantry body 1 in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, in which the front studs are installed on the upper bench A in a two-stage bench and the rear studs 12a, 12b are installed on the tunnel bottom face of the rear side of the lower bench so as to freely travel respectively. The tunnel excavation of the working face ground in the upper bench A and the lining work thereof are carried out by these working machines. Working machines like a crawler mounted drilling machine D with a working cage or a concrete sprayer are made transferable through the lower space of the gantry body 1, for the lower bench B. The tunnel excavation for the working face ground of the lower bench B and the lining work thereof are carried out in parallel with various works for the upper bench, by these working machines.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is a tunnel construction in which a tunnel face portion is divided into an upper bench and a lower bench to excavate the face ground of each bench, from the blasting work to the upper bench to the concrete spraying work. The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method in which steps are performed in parallel and a gantry used for implementing the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a tunnel is excavated by a blasting method, a gantry equipped with a blasting hole punching machine or a working machine such as a working cage is used in a tunnel having a small cross section to pierce the cutting face with a blasting hole. It is possible to perform installation work, support work assembly work after blasting, and concrete spraying work, but blast each bench by dividing the tunnel section into a bench on the upper half side and a bench on the lower half side. In the case of a tunnel with a large cross-section that is excavated by the construction method, after excavating the upper and lower benches against the face of the face, after removing the excavation shear of the upper and lower benches excavated by the blasting, Assembling support work, wire netting, and concrete spraying work must be carried out in sequence.

[0003]

However, since the various operations described above are concentrated on the face of the face,
Until one work on the upper and lower benches is completed, the other work machine is made to stand by behind the tunnel, and after the work is completed, the next work machine is moved to the face.
Congestion of work machines and excavated shear trucks in a narrow tunnel is dangerous and poor workability requires a long construction period. In particular, it is difficult to carry work machines in and out of the upper bench in parallel with the lower bench. As a result, various works cannot be performed and the construction period is extended.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to mount various working machines for the upper bench side on a gantry arranged so as to be able to travel on the lower bench side in a tunnel. To provide a tunnel excavation method that enables work on the upper bench side in parallel with work on the lower bench side without congestion with various work machines on the lower bench side, and a gantry used for performing the method. is there.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel excavation method of the present invention is a tunnel excavation method in which a tunnel face is divided into an upper bench and a lower bench to excavate the face ground of both benches. A gantry equipped with various working machines such as a punching machine, a working cage, and a concrete spraying device so as to be movable back and forth is movably arranged on the lower bench side in the tunnel, and is mounted on the upper bench. On the other hand, the gantry is moved forward to perform the piercing work of the blast hole by the piercing machine, the supporting and assembling work using the work cage after blasting, and the concrete spraying work, and the lower bench is the upper bench of the gantry. In parallel with each of the above work for blasting, perform piercing work of blasting holes, supporting and assembling work after blasting, and concrete spraying work. During Chi blasting work is characterized in that retracting the gantry and the lower bench side drilling machine or the like to the tunnel behind.

Further, the gantry used for carrying out the above method is, as described in claim 2, a gantry main body having a front gate shape in which front and rear pedestals are provided on a frame base long in the length direction of the tunnel. In the upper and lower benches of the tunnel face, the front end side pedestal is formed to be shorter than the rear pedestal while being supported movably on the lower bench side in the tunnel via the rear pedestal. It is constructed so that it can be freely grounded on the upper bench, and the lower space of the frame is formed so that a working machine such as a punching machine or a concrete spraying machine for the lower bench can pass through it. It has a structure in which a work machine such as a punching machine for the upper bench, a work cage, and a blast spray device is mounted on the frame of the main body so as to be movable back and forth.

[0007]

[Operation] When a blast hole is drilled in the face of the face, the gantry is moved forward so that the front-end pedestal is grounded on the upper bench, and the pedestal and the tunnel bottom surface, that is, the rear portion movably installed on the lower bench side. The gantry body frame is supported by the pillars. In this state, the punching machine mounted on the frame base is moved forward to form a blast hole in the face ground of the upper bench. On the other hand, in the lower stage bench, a blast hole is bored in the face ground by an appropriate punching machine capable of passing through the space below the gantry body.

After forming the blasting holes in the face of the upper and lower benches and before loading the blasting holes with explosives, the gantry and the punching machine on the lower bench side are retracted to the proper positions on the rear side of the tunnel. At this time, the front pedestal of the gantry moves away from the upper bench and can no longer support the gantry body, so move all the installed work machines to the rear end of the gantry body and displace the center of gravity to the rear pedestal. By doing so, the gantry body can be retracted by the rear pedestal. In this case, if a weight is provided in the rear part of the rear pillar, the center of gravity of the gantry body can be stabilized.

Next, the explosive loaded in the blast hole is blown up so that the ground face of the upper and lower benches has a predetermined length in the tunnel length direction,
Excavate. Then, scrape the excavation slide on the upper bench side to the lower bench side, and carry it out to the rear of the tunnel with a sand carrier, etc., and then move the gantry forward to ground the front end side pedestal on the upper bench, After the gantry body is supported by the rear pedestal and the work cage mounted on the gantry body is moved forward, the construction work for supporting the excavation wall of the upper stage bench is carried out, and then the concrete covering is performed by the conrete spraying device. Apply work. On this occasion,
On the lower bench side as well, after the support work is installed on the excavated wall surface using the work cage provided in the drilling machine, concrete spraying work is performed in parallel with the work on the upper bench. After that, blast holes are drilled again on the face of the upper and lower benches. By disposing the trolley on the gantry body so that the trolley is freely movable, the members such as the supporting members can be automatically and efficiently transported from the rear side of the gantry to a predetermined built-in position.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a gantry body composed of a horizontal frame stand that is long in the length direction of the tunnel T. The face part of the tunnel T is divided into an upper bench A in the upper half and a lower bench B in the lower half. The gantry body 1 has a length reaching from the upper bench A to the rear side and above the bottom surface C of the tunnel which has already been excavated, and the stanchions 11, 11 of the same length are hung on both sides of the front end thereof. The pedestals 12a and 12b that are integrally fixed to the state and are longer than the front pedestals 11 and 11 on both sides of the rear part.
Are integrally fixed to each other to form a front gate shape.

The horizontal frame base constituting the gantry main body 1 is a vertical girder at a proper interval in the longitudinal direction between a pair of upper and lower horizontal girder members 13 and 14 horizontally arranged on both upper sides of the tunnel T.
The upper girders 13, 13 are integrally connected with each other by the horizontal girders 16, and the space below the upper girders 13, 13 is crawler-type perforator D for perforating the face ground of the lower bench B and the lower bench. The concrete spraying device for the excavated wall surface of B, the pump car, the ready-mixed car (all not shown), the shear carrier E as shown in FIG. 5, the backhoe F that scrapes the excavated shear and mounts it on the carrier E, and the like. It has a size that allows it to pass freely. Further, a work cage G is attached to the crawler type punching machine D so as to be vertically movable and rotatable.

As shown in FIG. 2, the short pedestal 11 on the front end side that supports the front end portion of the gantry body 1 is, as shown in FIG.
The endless tracks (caterpillars) 17 running on the horizontal bottom surface of the upper bench A are attached to the lower ends of the pedestals 11 and 11 on both sides. This endless track 17 is driven by a motor 17a
It is attached to the lower ends of 11 and 11 via an elevating jack 18, and by extending and contracting the elevating jack 18, the pedestal
11 and 11 are moved in the vertical direction so that the height of the front end side of the gantry body 1 is adjusted to the height of the rear end side.
In addition, even if it is not an infinite track 17 that can run freely, upper bench A
It may be a plate slidable on the top.

On the other hand, the rear pedestal 12 which supports the rear side of the gantry body 1 is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, an upper end on both side ends of the cross beam 16 at a position near the gantry body 1. A pedestal 12a, and a pedestal 12b having upper ends fixed to both side ends of the transverse girder 16 at the rear of the gantry main body 1. The lower ends of these four pedestals 12a, 12b are Wheels 19 running on rails 2 laid on the bottom surface C of the tunnel that has already been excavated are rotatably supported. The wheels 19 are configured to be positively rotated by a drive motor 20 installed at a proper position on the gantry body 1. Further, the rail 2 is laid in the tunnel length direction while being added as the tunnel excavates. In addition,
Following the excavation of the lower bench B, the rail 2 is laid on the concret when excavating the invert and placing the invert concrete. That is, in FIG. 1, it is possible to excavate the invert portion between the crawler type drilling machine D and the pedestal 12a and to pour concrete.

On the frame base of the gantry body 1, there are 4
A pair of rails 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are laid over substantially the entire length,
Blast hole punching machines 4 and 4 are installed on the rails 3a and 3d on both sides, and a work cage 5 and a concrete spraying machine 6 are installed on the other rails 3b and 3d so that they can travel freely through appropriate drive mechanisms. ing. Further, rails 3e, 3e for suspending trolleys are fixed to the lower surfaces on both sides of the central portion of the horizontal beam 16 of the frame base of the gantry main body 1 over substantially the entire length of the gantry main body 1, and the trolley 7 is attached to these rails 3e, 3e. , 7 are hung and supported by an appropriate drive mechanism (not shown) so as to run in the front-rear direction along the rails 5, and the trolleys 7, 7 support the gantry body 1 from the rear side to the front side and wire mesh. Etc. are configured to be transported. In addition, all the working machines installed are moved to the rear end of the gantry body 1 to adjust the center of gravity to the rear pedestal 12a.
By locating the gantry body 1 between the rear stanchions 12a and 12b, the gantry body 1 can be moved backward while being supported between the rear stanchions 12a and 12b.

A method of excavating the tunnel T using the gantry thus constructed will be described. The upper half of the face of the tunnel T is divided into the upper bench A and the lower half is divided into the lower bench B, and after blasting holes are formed in the face of the upper and lower benches A and B, the blasting is carried out. After excavating a certain length in the direction of excavation of the tunnel T by the blasting method, the excavation shear is removed, and after the shear is removed, concrete is sprayed from the construction of the support work on the excavated wall surfaces of the upper and lower benches A and B. While the primary lining H up to the above is performed in parallel, at the bottom of the tunnel on the rear side of the lower bench B, the work of placing the concrete C from excavation of the invert is performed in parallel with the work of the primary lining H from the removal of the excavation slide. Then do. Then, the tunnel digging is performed by repeatedly performing the primary lining work from the drilling work.

The work sequence of this tunnel excavation is divided into the work for the upper bench A side, the work for the lower bench B side, and the common work for both benches.
It will be described based on. First, with the gantry body 1 and the crawler-type punching machine D standing by at the rear of the tunnel, as shown in FIG. 4, blasting work is performed on the face of the upper and lower benches A and B to ventilate the face of the face. Under this ventilation, as shown in FIG. 5, the backhoe F is advanced to the vicinity of the lower bench B, and the backhoe F and the like scrape off the excavation shear on the upper bench A side to the lower bench B side and dump the excavated shear. It is mounted on a carrier E such as a truck and carried out behind the tunnel.

When all the excavated shears have been carried out by blasting, the gantry body 1 is moved forward from the standby position behind the tunnel on the rail 2 and the short endless track 17 of the short front end pedestal 11 is placed on the upper bench A. The pedestal 11 and the rear pedestals 12a and 12b are used to arrange the frame of the gantry body 1 between the upper bench A and the tunnel bottom C where the excavation is completed. In this state, the work cage 5, which has been waiting on the rear end side on the frame base of the gantry main body 1, is advanced to face the excavation wall surface from the front end of the gantry main body 1. on the other hand,
On the side of the lower bench B, the crawler-type punching machine D, which has been waiting backward, is advanced to the work position for the excavation wall surface of the lower bench B.

Further, a rail under the frame base of the gantry body 1
3e, the trolleys 7 suspended from 3e, convey the divided support for the primary lining and the wire mesh to the upper and lower benches A and B, and the work cage on the gantry body 1 side on the upper bench A side. On the lower bench B side, on the work cage G attached to the crawler type drilling machine D on the lower bench B side, the workers respectively construct the support for the excavation wall surface and, if necessary, the existing support for the support work top surface. Wire mesh installation work will be performed between and. After that, the work cage 5 on the gantry body 1 and the crawler type punching machine D are retracted to the rear of the tunnel,
On the upper bench A side, the concrete spraying machine 6 on the frame of the gantry body 1 is advanced, and on the lower bench B side, a concrete spraying device (not shown) is also advanced to the support construction part to the thickness of the support work. The primary lining work is completed by spraying concrete.

Next, these concrete spraying devices are retracted, and on the side of the upper bench A, the perforators 4, 4 are advanced to the front end on the frame base of the gantry body 1 for excavating a new tunnel face for the next tunnel excavation. The blasting hole 8a is drilled and the rock bolt hole is drilled in the surrounding wall ground. On the lower bench B side, the crawler-type drilling machine D is again passed through the lower space of the gantry body 1 to the lower bench B.
Then, the blast hole 8b for the next tunnel excavation work and the work of the rock bolt hole for the peripheral wall ground are drilled in the face ground in parallel with the upper bench A side.

When these punching operations are completed, the work cage 5 on the upper bench A side is again advanced to the front end of the gantry body 1, and the work cage 5 and the work cage G of the crawler punch D are locked. The lock bolt 9 is driven into the bolt hole, and the upper and lower benches A,
Loading work of explosive into the blast holes 8a and 8b of B is performed. After this charging, all the working machines such as the punching machines 4 and 4 on the gantry body 1 and the work cage 5 are retracted to the rear end of the frame base of the gantry body 1, and the center of gravity of the entire gantry is rearmed. The gantry body 1 is displaced onto the side pedestal 12 so that the rear pedestal 12 can support the frame of the gantry body 1 without the support of the front pedestal 11 of the gantry body 1 so that the gantry body 1 can travel.

After that, the gantry body 1 and the crawler type punching machine D are retracted to the rear of the tunnel which is not affected by the blasting, and the blasting holes 8a and 8b are blown up on the face of the upper and lower benches A and B on the face ground side. Will excavate a tunnel for a certain length. Then, after excavating the excavation caused by this blast in the same manner as above, the primary lining work is performed, and thereafter, the above-mentioned work steps are repeated to advance the tunnel.

In the above embodiment, the working machine on the mount of the gantry body 1 is moved to the rear end side so that the center of gravity of the rear side of the entire gantry is the front and rear pedestals 12a.
, 12b are movably supported, and together with this, a weight 22 is mounted on the rear end of the horizontal frame member 21 connecting the lower ends of the front and rear pedestals 12a, 12b. It is desirable that the center of gravity is always located on the rear side of the main body 1. Further, the excavation excavation carried out by the blast passes through the space below the gantry body 1 and runs the transport vehicle E such as a dump truck to the vicinity of the lower bench B. A carrying device such as a belt conveyor is hung on the lower surface of the carriage so as to be movable back and forth, and by this carrying device, the excavation slides of the upper and lower benches A and B are carried to the rear end of the gantry body 1 and the rear end side thereof is It may be configured to be mounted on a transportation vehicle E such as a dump truck that is on standby. In this way, invert excavation and concrete can be placed below the belt conveyor.

In this case, the invert excavation is carried out on the bottom of the tunnel which is continuous to the bottom of the lower bench B, in parallel with one cycle work from the excavation of the face ground of the upper and lower benches A and B to the primary lining. And the work of placing concrete C on the invert can be performed using the lower space portion of the gantry body 1. The concrete placing formwork and the like required for this work can be provided above the invert by the trolley 7. After transportation, it can be lowered and installed.

[0024]

As described above, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, the tunnel face is divided into the upper bench and the lower bench to excavate the face ground of both benches to advance the tunnel. A punch, a work cage,
A gantry on which various work machines such as concrete spraying equipment are mounted so as to be movable back and forth is movably arranged on the lower bench side in the tunnel, and the gantry is advanced to the upper bench to blast holes by a punching machine. Drilling work and post-blasting work using support cage construction work and concrete spraying work, as well as drilling blast holes in parallel with the above work on the upper bench by the gantry for the lower bench. When the blasting work of the upper and lower benches is performed, the gantry and the punching machine on the lower bench side are retracted to the rear of the tunnel. Excavation work of a certain length of tunnel part by blasting method from blast hole drilling work to the ground, support to excavation wall surface Performing a series of work from standing up and concrete spraying to a work on the lower bench side using a gantry gantry equipped with various working machines such as punching machines, work cages, concrete spraying equipment, etc. The work can be performed in parallel with the work on the lower bench side without doing so, and the tunnel excavation work can be performed efficiently, which can significantly shorten the construction period.

Further, the main body of the gantry is formed in a front gate shape in which a front and rear pedestal is provided on a frame base long in the length direction of the tunnel, and is supported movably in the tunnel via the rear pedestal. In addition, the front end pedestal is formed shorter than the rear pedestal so that it can be freely grounded on the upper bench of the upper and lower benches of the tunnel face, so the upper and lower benches It can be installed between the bottom of the tunnel and the bottom of the tunnel so that it can be moved back and forth with a stable posture, and the lower space of the frame can be used for work machines such as punches and concrete sprayers for the lower bench. Since it is formed with a size that allows passage, it is possible to smoothly perform concrete lining work on the excavated wall surface after blasting from blast hole drilling work on the lower bench side,
In addition, since a work machine such as a punching machine for the upper bench, a working cage, and a spray spray device is mounted on the frame base of the gantry body so that it can be moved back and forth, the various working machines for the lower bench side are these machines. Does not cause any congestion, and the respective working machines can be independently and freely traveled without disturbing each other, and the predetermined work can be efficiently performed. Also,
By placing the center of gravity of the gantry body on the rear pedestal,
The gantry body can be made to run backwards. Further, the work machine on the gantry body can be retracted so that the center of gravity of the gantry body is located on the rear pedestal.

Further, by disposing a transportation trolley for supporting such as support on the gantry body, the supporting trolley required for lining from the rear side of the tunnel to the upper and lower bench side through the gantry body. Various members can be easily and quickly transported, and the tunnel construction work can be performed more efficiently.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a simplified side view of a gantry used for tunnel excavation,

FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical front view of the front end side thereof,

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical rear view of the middle portion thereof,

FIG. 4 is a simplified vertical cross-sectional side view of the upper and lower bench with the blasting face ground blasted,

FIG. 5 is a simplified vertical sectional side view showing a state where the excavation slide is being carried out;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a work process of tunnel excavation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 T tunnel A upper bench B lower bench D crawler type puncher 1 gantry body 2 rail 4 puncher 5 working cage 6 concrete sprayer 7 trolley 11 front pedestal 12a, 12b side pedestal

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yasutoshi Hagiwara 2-2-2 Matsuzaki-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka City Okumura-gumi Co., Ltd. Stock company Okumura Gumi

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method of excavating a tunnel by dividing a tunnel face into an upper bench and a lower bench and excavating the face ground of both benches, and various methods such as a punching machine, a working cage, and a concrete spraying device. A gantry equipped with a work machine that can be moved back and forth is arranged so that it can run freely on the lower bench side in the tunnel. In addition to performing support assembly work and concrete spraying work using the work cage in the above, in parallel with the above work on the upper bench by the gantry for the lower bench, drilling of blast holes and support assembly after blasting. Performing work and concrete spraying work, and when blasting the upper and lower benches, place the gantry and the punch on the lower bench side behind the tunnel. A tunnel excavation method characterized by evacuating. 2. The gantry body is formed in a front gate shape in which a front and rear pedestal is provided on a frame base that is long in the length direction of the tunnel, and is supported movably in the tunnel through the rear pedestal. In addition, the front end pedestal is formed shorter than the rear pedestal so that it can be freely grounded on the upper bench in the upper and lower benches of the tunnel face and the lower space of the frame is lower bench. The work machine such as a punching machine and a concrete spraying machine is formed to pass through. A gantry used in tunnel excavation methods, which is characterized by being mounted so that it can move freely. 3. A gantry for use in a tunnel excavation method according to claim 2, wherein a trolley for transportation such as support work is arranged on the gantry body so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction. 4. The gantry used in the tunnel excavating method according to claim 2, wherein the center of gravity of the gantry body is on the rear pedestal. 5. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the center of gravity of the gantry body is on the rear pedestal when the work machine on the gantry body is retracted onto the rear pedestal. Gantry.