JPH08177383A - Cutter replacement method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enhance safety as well as excavation work efficiency by reducing a burden on a worker through the easy replacement of a cutter bit. CONSTITUTION: When a cutter bit 15 mounted on a cutter head 14 is abraded during a tunnel excavation work, the cutter head 14 is made to stop advancing, and radially vibrated under rotation with a parallel link mechanism 29. A tunnel inner wall is thereby excavated and a cavity is formed between the forward end of the cutter bit 15 and the tunnel inner wall. The abraded cutter bit 15 is, then, demounted and a new cutter bit is mounted via the cavity.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter exchanging method for exchanging a worn cutter bit during tunnel excavation by a tunnel excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 schematically shows a conventional tunnel excavator.

As shown in FIG. 5, in a tunnel excavator for excavating the ground, a skin plate 101 as an excavator body has a cylindrical shape, and a cutter head 1 is provided at a front portion thereof.
02 is rotatably mounted, and this cutter head 1
A large number of cutter bits 103 are fixed to the front surface of 02. A ring gear 104 is integrally attached to the rear portion of the cutter head 102, and the drive motor 10 attached to the skin plate 101 is attached to the ring gear 104.
The drive gear 106 of No. 5 meshes. Therefore, when the drive motor 105 is driven, the ring gear 104 that meshes with the drive gear 106 is rotated, whereby the cutter head 102
It is possible to excavate the ground by turning a number of cutter bits 103.

The skin plate 101 has a chamber 1 between the cutter head 102 and the bulk head 107.
No. 08 is formed, and one end of the chamber chamber 108 is open at the other end of the mud-sending pipe 109 and the sludge-draining pipe 110 that extend to the outside of the skin plate 101. Is equipped with an agitator 111 that mixes and mixes excavated soil and muddy water. Further, a plurality of shield jacks 112 are arranged side by side along the circumferential direction on the rear portion of the skin plate 101, and a spreader 113 is attached to the front end portion of the drive rod extending rearward.
Therefore, by pushing this shield jack 112 against the existing segment 114a formed on the inner circumferential surface of the excavated tunnel extending rearward in the excavation direction of the tunnel excavator, the skin plate 101 can be advanced by its reaction force. . Reference numeral 115 is a segment erector device, and a new segment 114b is attached to a space between the skin plate 101 advanced by the shield jack 112 and the existing segment 114a to build a tunnel.

In order to excavate and form a tunnel, first, the plurality of shield jacks 112 are operated to advance the skin plate 101 by the reaction force against the existing segment 114a, while the drive motor 105 drives the cutter head. The 102 is turned, and the ground is excavated by the cutter bit 103. And cutter bit 10
The earth and sand excavated by No. 3 is taken into the chamber chamber 108, and the mud water is fed from the mud pipe 109 so that the agitator 1
The excavated earth and muddy water are stirred and mixed by 11 and discharged to the outside by the mud discharge pipe 110. Next, one of the shield jacks 112 is operated in the contracting direction to form a space between the shield jack 112 and the existing segment 114a, and a new segment 1 is formed in this space by the segment erector device 115.
Wear 13b. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

[0006]

In recent years, tunnels to be constructed by excavation have a tendency to be extended, and the cutter bit 103 mounted on the cutter head 102 may be worn during excavation work by a tunnel excavator. . If the cutter bit 103 is worn, the excavation efficiency of the rock mass decreases, and the inner diameter of the tunnel to be excavated becomes small, so that the excavator as a whole cannot proceed. In this case, excavation work must be stopped and the worn cutter bit 103 must be replaced. In the conventional tunnel excavator described above, first, the ground at a point in front of the tunnel excavator for exchanging the cutter bit 103 is solidified and improved by injecting a chemical solution or freezing, and the tunnel excavator is improved to this ground improvement point. Dig in. Here, the tunnel excavator is stopped to discharge all the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 108,
A worker enters into 8 to replace the cutter bit 103,
That is, the worn cutter bit 103 is removed and a new cutter bit is attached.

However, in such cutter bit replacement work, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the inner diameter d _{1 of} the tunnel excavated by the worn cutter bit 103 is new at the start of excavation. It is smaller than the inner diameter d _{0 of} the tunnel excavated by the bit. Therefore, even if the worn cutter bit 13 is removed from the cutter head 102 and a new cutter bit is attached, the tip of the new cutter bit is longer than that of the worn cutter bit 13, and the tip of the new cutter bit is excavated. The new cutter bit cannot be attached because it abuts the inner wall surface 120 of the formed tunnel.

Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), the cutter bit 103 worn from the cutter head 12 is worn.
After removing the, the operator manually excavates the inner wall surface 120 of the tunnel corresponding to the position to install the new cutter bit to form a recess 121, and the tip of the newly installed cutter bit contacts the inner wall surface 120 of the tunnel. It was designed so that it could be installed in the proper position without touching it. However, in such a conventional cutter bit exchanging operation, the operator has to excavate the inner wall surface 120 of the tunnel corresponding to the position where the new cutter bit is to be attached by manual excavation, which is a burden on the operator. Becomes larger,
There is a problem that the time required for the replacement work becomes long.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6C, when only the inner wall surface 120 of the tunnel corresponding to the newly installed cutter bit is excavated by hand digging, if the cutter head 12 is rotated after the exchanging of the cutter bit, the new installation is performed. The tip portion of the cut cutter bit is first formed into the excavated concave portion 121.
After excavating the entire circumference of the inner wall surface 120 of the tunnel which is not excavated by abutting the end face of the excavator, the forward rock mass is excavated as the excavator advances. In the tunnel excavator, the cutter head 12 rotates, so that the cutter bit 103
Is to excavate a rock little by little to excavate a tunnel, and the cutter bit 103 has high hardness but insufficient flexibility. In the above-mentioned cutter bit replacement work, when the cutter head 102 is rotated after the cutter bit is replaced, the tip end of the newly attached cutter bit comes into contact with the end face of the excavated recess 121, at which time the cutter bit is There was a risk that the cutter bit would be damaged or damaged due to a great impact.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and facilitates the work of exchanging the cutter bit to reduce the burden on the operator, thereby improving the safety and the work efficiency of the excavation work. The purpose is to provide a method for replacing the cutter.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method of exchanging a cutter according to the present invention is such that a cutter head, which can be driven and rotated, is provided at a front end portion of an excavator main body by a swing support mechanism. In a tunnel excavator that is swingably supported in any direction, when the cutter bit mounted on the cutter head is worn during tunnel excavation, the swing support is performed while rotating the cutter head without advancing the excavator body. By excavating the inner wall surface of the tunnel by rocking in a radial direction by a mechanism, and by drilling a hole having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tunnel before rocking of the cutter head, the tip portion of the cutter bit and the large diameter hole A void is formed between the inner wall surface and
The rotation and swing of the cutter head are stopped, and the worn cutter bit is removed and a new cutter bit is attached using the gap.

[0012]

[Operation] If the cutter bit wears during tunnel excavation,
With the excavator main body stopped, excavate the inner wall surface of the tunnel by rocking only the cutter head and rocking in the radial direction.
By excavating a hole having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tunnel before the cutter head swings, a gap is formed between the tip of the cutter bit and the inner wall surface of the large diameter hole. Even if the worn cutter bit is removed and a new cutter bit is installed after the cutter head has stopped rotating and swinging, the tip of the newly installed cutter bit will not come into contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel due to this gap. When the cutter head is re-rotated, the cutter bit does not come into contact with the inner wall surface of the tunnel and receive an impact.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tunnel excavator for carrying out a cutter exchanging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a swinging jack. FIG. 4 is a control block of the above, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the tunnel excavator for carrying out the cutter replacement method.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, the skin plate 11 has a cylindrical shape, and the inside thereof is formed so that a recess 12 forming a chamber is formed at the front. The base 13 is integrally fixed to the base. On the other hand, the cutter head 14 is positioned in front of the skin plate 11 in the same circular shape, and the cutter head 14 has a large number of cutter bits 16 fixed to the front surface via spokes 15. And this cutter head 14
Is rotatably supported by a drive unit 17, and the drive unit 17 has a hydraulic motor 18. By driving the hydraulic motor 18, the driving force is generated via a gear mechanism (not shown) in the drive unit 17. It is transmitted to the cutter head 14, and the cutter head 14 can be rotated.

A support board 1 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the drive unit 17, respectively.
9 is fixed, and this support plate 19 is located in the recess 12 of the skin plate 11 and faces the base plate 13.
The base 13 and the support board 19 are swingably connected by six or more (six in this embodiment) swing jacks 21 to 26. The swinging jacks 21 to 26 are expanded and contracted by supplying and discharging hydraulic pressure. The jack body is swingably supported by each ball bearing 27 attached to the base 13, and the rod tip end is supported by the support board 19. It is swingably supported by the attached ball bearings 28. The rocking jacks 21 to 26 are arranged adjacent to each other. For example, the rocking jack 21 is inclined to one side in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 14, and the rocking jack 22 is circumferential in the circumferential direction of the cutter head 14. The parallel link mechanism 2 is provided by inclining to the other side and being arranged in a truss shape as a whole.
9 is composed.

Therefore, by operating each hydraulic motor 18, the cutter head 14 can be rotated via the drive unit 17, and in this state, each swinging jack 21 to 26 of each parallel link mechanism 29 can be operated. Thus, the excavation angle of the cutter head 14 can be changed, and the cutter head 14 can be swung in the radial direction.

The skin plate 11 has a plurality of shield jacks 31 arranged side by side in the circumferential direction at the rear portion thereof, and the spreader 3 is provided at the tip of the drive rod extending rearward.
2 are installed. When the shield jack 31 operates, the drive rod extends rearward in the direction of excavation of the tunnel excavator, and the spreader 32 is pressed against the existing segment 33 built on the inner circumferential surface of the excavated tunnel. 11 can move forward. A support plate 34 is rotatably mounted on the rear portion of the skin plate 11, and an erector device 35 is attached to each of the support plates 34. The erector device 35 mounts a new segment 33 in a space between the skin plate 11 advanced by the shield jack 31 and the existing segment 33. Further, the skin plate 11 is provided with a screw conveyor 36 that carries out the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 14 and taken into the recess 12 to the outside.

Here, the plurality of rocking jacks 21 mentioned above.
The configuration of the control system of the parallel link mechanism 29 composed of .about.

As shown in FIG. 3, swing jacks 21 to 2
6, hydraulic pressure supply / discharge pipes 41, 42 are connected to two pressure chambers partitioned by a piston (not shown) of the swing jack 21, and the hydraulic pressure supply / discharge pipes 41, 42 are connected.
Is a servo valve 45 via the emergency shutoff valves 43 and 44, respectively.
It is connected to. This servo valve 45 is a swing jack 2
The hydraulic pressure supply and discharge to each pressure chamber of No. 1 are switched, and are connected to a hydraulic pressure supply / discharge source 48 via connection pipes 46 and 47.

A displacement sensor 49 for detecting the operating position of the swing jack 21 is mounted, and the displacement sensor 49 is connected to a control unit 51 via a controller 50. The servo valve 45 described above is connected to the control unit 51 via the servo amplifier 52. An operation unit 53 having a plurality of joystick levers and an emergency stop button 54 are connected to the control unit 51.

Therefore, the displacement sensor 49 is the swing jack 2
The operating position of No. 1 is detected, and the detection signal is output to the control unit 51 via the controller 50. Control unit 5
1 outputs a command signal to the servo amplifier 52 based on this detection signal, the servo amplifier 52 controls the servo valve 45 based on the command signal, and the hydraulic pressure is supplied between the hydraulic pressure supply / discharge source 48 and the swing jack 21. It is designed to supply and discharge. Although only the swing jack 21 has been described here, the other swing jacks 22 to 26 have the same configuration.

In order to excavate rock mass with the tunnel excavator of this embodiment, first, the plurality of shield jacks 31 are extended, and the tunnel excavator main body, that is, Skin plate 1
Move 1 forward. On the other hand, the hydraulic motor 18 is driven, the cutter head 14 is swung by the drive unit 17, and the rock bed ahead is excavated by the cutter bit 15. Further, instead of extending the shield jack 31, the swinging jacks 21 to 26 of the parallel link mechanism 29 are extended, and the support board 1
By moving the cutter head 14 forward via 9 it is possible to excavate the rock mass in front by the cutter bit 15 of the turning cutter head 14. At this time, by changing the operation stroke of each of the swing jacks 21 to 26, the direction of the cutter head 14 can be changed to change the tunnel excavation direction.

At this time, the displacement sensor 49 is included in the control unit 51.
Detection signals of the operating positions of the rocking jacks 21 to 28 are input, and the control unit 51 detects preset excavation conditions (shape and size of tunnel to be excavated, length, etc.) and displacement sensor 49. A command signal is output to the servo amplifier 52 based on the signal to control the servo valve 45 to supply and discharge the hydraulic pressure between the hydraulic pressure supply / discharge source 48 and the swing jacks 21-26. Therefore, the rocking jacks 21 to 26 are reciprocally driven by a predetermined amount by supplying and discharging hydraulic pressure, and the X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction, and
The cutter head 14 is swung while controlling the direction, the θ direction, and the θ direction.

Then, the earth and sand excavated by the cutter bit 15 are taken into the recess 12 as the chamber chamber,
The excavated soil is discharged to the outside by the screw conveyor 36. Next, one of the shield jacks 31 is operated in the contracting direction to form a space with the existing segment 33, and a new segment 33 is mounted in this space by the erector device 35. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed.

When the cutter bit 15 is worn during such tunnel excavation work, the worn cutter bit 15 is removed and a new cutter bit is attached.
The exchanging work of the cutter bit will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the cutter head 1
When the cutter bit 15 is worn while the tunnel 4 is being rotated and the tunnel is being excavated by the cutter bit 15, the shield head 3 is kept rotating while the cutter head 14 is being rotated.
The forward movement of the skin plate 11 by 1 or the forward movement of the cutter head 14 by the parallel link mechanism 29 is stopped. In this state, the cutter head 14 is swung by the swing jacks 21 to 26 of the parallel link mechanism 29. That is, the expanding and contracting operations of the swinging jacks 21 to 26 are repeated, the center O of the cutter head 14 is moved as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 2, and the cutter head 14 is rotated (rotated) while being rotated as shown in FIG. As shown by the dotted chain line, swing and swing (revolve).

Then, the inner diameter of the tunnel excavation at the swinging and turning position of the cutter head 14 becomes larger than that of the other portions. Voids necessary for replacing the worn cutter bit 15 are formed. Then, the rotation (rotation) and the swing (revolution) of the cutter head 14 are stopped, and the cutter bit is replaced.
That is, all the excavated earth and sand in the chamber chamber 12 is discharged, an operator enters the chamber chamber 12, the worn cutter bit 15 is removed, and a new cutter bit is attached. At this time, since a gap is formed on the outer peripheral side of the cutter head 15, even if a new cutter bit having a tip end longer than the worn cutter bit 103 is attached, the tip end thereof is on the inner wall surface of the excavated tunnel. Never touch,
You can easily install a new cutter bit.

When a new cutter bit 15 is attached to the cutter head 14, the skin plate 11 is moved forward again by the plurality of shield jacks 31, while the cutter head 14 is swung by the hydraulic motor 18 and moved forward by the cutter bit 15. We excavate the bedrock and excavate and form a tunnel.

Although the parallel link mechanism 29 is used as the swing support mechanism for swinging the cutter head 14 in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.
It is sufficient that the cutter head 1 can be swung in the radial direction of
4 may be supported so as to be eccentric. Further, the parallel link mechanism 29 is composed of six rocking jacks 21 to 26, but the number of rocking jacks is six.
The number of books is not limited to eight, and may be eight or ten, and even in this case, the same effect as the above can be obtained.

[0031]

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments, according to the method of exchanging the cutter bit of the present invention, when the cutter bit mounted on the cutter head is worn during tunnel excavation, the excavator main body is The cutter bit can be excavated from the inner wall surface of the tunnel by swinging the cutter head in the radial direction while rotating the cutter head without advancing and excavating a hole with a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tunnel before swinging the cutter head. Since a gap is formed between the tip of the and the inner wall surface of this large diameter hole, the worn cutter bit is removed and a new cutter bit is attached using this gap. By forming a gap between the outside of the cutter bit and the inner wall surface of the tunnel and using this gap, the work of exchanging the cutter bit is facilitated and the burden on the operator is reduced, and the cutter bit is Improvement of working efficiency of the safety and drilling operations of replacement of can be achieved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a tunnel excavator for carrying out a cutter exchanging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the tunnel excavator of this embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of a swing jack.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the tunnel excavator for carrying out the cutter replacement method.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a conventional tunnel excavator.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional cutter bit exchange method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Skin Plate (Excavator Main Body) 13 Base 14 Cutter Head 15 Cutter Bit 17 Drive Unit 18 Drive Motor 19 Support Plate 21-26 Swing Jack 27, 28 Ball Bearing 29 Parallel Link Mechanism 35 Shield Jack

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A tunnel excavator in which a cutter head, which can be driven and rotated, is supported at a front end portion of a main body of the excavator by a swing support mechanism so as to be swingable in a radial direction of the cutter head.
When the cutter bit mounted on the cutter head is worn during tunnel excavation, the excavator body is not advanced and the cutter head is rotated while being swung in the radial direction by the swing support mechanism to excavate the tunnel inner wall surface. Then, by excavating a hole having a diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tunnel before swinging of the cutter head, a gap is formed between the tip portion of the cutter bit and the inner wall surface of the large diameter hole, and then, A method of exchanging a cutter, characterized in that the rotational swing of the cutter head is stopped, and the worn cutter bit is removed and a new cutter bit is attached using the gap.