CN109736821B - Small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc - Google Patents
Small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736821B CN109736821B CN201910222151.4A CN201910222151A CN109736821B CN 109736821 B CN109736821 B CN 109736821B CN 201910222151 A CN201910222151 A CN 201910222151A CN 109736821 B CN109736821 B CN 109736821B
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head, which comprises a cutter head main body and cutters arranged on the front end face of the cutter head main body, wherein a cutter changing cavity for realizing replacement of the cutters is arranged on the rear end face of the cutter head main body, a central transition cabin communicated with the cutter changing cavity is arranged in the direction away from the rear end face of the cutter head main body, and a cabin door is arranged on the central transition cabin. The small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head is suitable for a small-diameter heading machine by arranging the central transition cabin at the rear end face far away from the cutter head main body, and the technical problem that the normal-pressure cutter changing method is difficult to be directly applied to the small-diameter heading machine is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heading machine engineering, in particular to a small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head.
Background
The slurry balance shield machine is a special engineering machine for underground tunnel tunneling, has the functions of excavating soil body, conveying slag soil, lining pipelines and the like, and is widely applied to tunnel engineering of subways, railways, highways, coal mines, water conservancy and hydropower and the like.
The prior large-diameter slurry balance shield machine makes excellent contribution to complex geological condition engineering such as a river-crossing and sea-crossing tunnel and the like. The normal pressure cutter head is used as one of the forefront devices of the large-diameter slurry balance shield machine, and the advanced normal pressure cutter changing method has incomparable advantages in the aspects of cutter changing safety and construction efficiency compared with the traditional cutter changing method. In the normal pressure tool changing cutterhead in the prior art, when the cutter is severely worn, normal pressure tool changing can be realized by utilizing a special tool changing device in the box type tool beam under the high water pressure condition, so that the construction progress is improved, and the construction safety is ensured.
However, with the application and popularization of the normal pressure tool changing method, the normal pressure tool changing method is urgently required to be applied to the small-diameter heading machine. Because the structure of the cutter changing device is complex, the cutter changing operation space of the small-diameter cutter disc is limited, and the like, the normal-pressure cutter changing method is difficult to directly apply to the small-diameter heading machine, so that how to provide the small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing disc which is suitable for the small-diameter heading machine and is used for improving the cutter changing safety and the construction efficiency is a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc, which is characterized in that a central transition cabin communicated with a tool changing cavity is arranged at the rear end surface far from a cutter disc main body so as to realize the replacement of a tool on the small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head, which comprises a cutter head main body and cutters arranged on the front end face of the cutter head main body, wherein a cutter changing cavity for realizing replacement of the cutters is arranged on the rear end face of the cutter head main body, a central transition cabin communicated with the cutter changing cavity is arranged in the direction away from the rear end face of the cutter head main body, and a cabin door is arranged on the central transition cabin.
Preferably, a central revolving body is fixedly arranged on the cabin door, and the central revolving body is detachably connected with the cutterhead main body to realize that fluid is transported from the central revolving body to a telescopic hose of the cutterhead main body.
Preferably, the cutter head further comprises a main drive arranged at the rear of the cutter head main body, and the central transition cabin is arranged in the middle area of the main drive.
Preferably, the cutter head main body comprises a plurality of normal pressure cutter changing spoke arms which radiate from the center to the periphery and are used for realizing the installation of the cutter, and the cutter changing cavity of each normal pressure cutter changing spoke arm is communicated in the center.
Preferably, the cutter head main body further comprises an auxiliary beam arranged between the normal-pressure cutter changing spoke arms, and the peripheral sides of the normal-pressure cutter changing spoke arms and the auxiliary beam are fixed on the cutter head frame.
Preferably, the replaceable leading edge comprises an atmospheric pressure replaceable leading edge arranged in the central region of the cutterhead body.
Preferably, an atmospheric replaceable shell knife is included disposed on the atmospheric pressure knife changing spoke arm.
Preferably, the cutter head comprises an atmospheric pressure replaceable leading cutter arranged in the central area of the cutter head main body, and the atmospheric pressure replaceable shell cutter can be replaced by the atmospheric pressure replaceable leading cutter so as to realize full-section coverage of cutter excavation.
Preferably, the normal pressure replaceable super-cutter is arranged on the outer side of the normal pressure cutter changing spoke arm.
Preferably, the device comprises an edge scraper arranged on the auxiliary beam and a cutter arranged on the normal pressure cutter changing spoke arm.
Compared with the background technology, the small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head provided by the invention comprises a cutter head main body and cutters arranged on the front end face of the cutter head main body, wherein the rear end face of the cutter head main body is provided with a cutter changing cavity for realizing replacement of the cutters, the cutter changing cavity is communicated with a central transition cabin provided with a cabin door, the central transition cabin is positioned in the direction away from the rear end face of the cutter head main body, the cutter changing cavity is arranged on the rear end face of the cutter head main body to realize replacement of the cutters on the front end of the cutter head main body, and the central transition cabin communicated with the cutter changing cavity and the cabin door thereof are arranged in the direction away from the rear end face of the cutter head main body to realize cabin entering replacement of workers.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a small-diameter normal pressure tool changing cutterhead provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein:
1-normal pressure tool changing spoke arm, 2-auxiliary beam, 3-normal pressure replaceable advancing knife, 4-normal pressure replaceable shell knife, 5-normal pressure replaceable super digging knife, 6-cutter, 7-edge scraper, 8-central transition cabin, 9-central revolving body, 10-main drive and 11-telescopic hose.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand the aspects of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a front view of a small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutterhead according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutterhead according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In a first specific embodiment, the small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutterhead provided by the invention comprises a cutterhead main body, wherein a cutter for crushing and excavating is arranged on the front end face of the cutterhead main body, a tool changing cavity for realizing replacement of the cutter is arranged on the rear end face of the cutterhead main body, a central transition cabin 8 is arranged in the direction away from the rear end face of the cutterhead main body, the central transition cabin 8 is communicated with the tool changing cavity, and an openable cabin door is arranged on the central transition cabin 8. In the process of excavating the small-diameter shield tunneling machine in a tunnel, when faults such as abrasion and the like of a small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head need a worker to enter the cutter head to replace the cutter, the worker opens a cabin door on the central transition cabin 8 and enters the cutter changing cavity through the central transition cabin 8, and the cutter arranged on the front end face of the cutter head body is realized by a normal-pressure cutter changing method in the cutter changing cavity, namely the rear end face of the cutter head body.
It should be noted that, as a tool changing method known to those skilled in the art, it is generally necessary to construct a separate normal pressure area communicating with the outside to isolate the high pressure area of the cutterhead, and the worker performs the replacement operation under the normal pressure environment. Namely, the central transition cabin 8 and the tool changing cavity are in a sealing state and are isolated from a high-pressure space on the front end face of the cutterhead main body, and the central transition cabin 8 and the tool changing cavity are communicated and communicated with the outside to realize a normal-pressure environment of the sealing cavity. In order to realize the normal pressure tool changing method for the tool, a set of normal pressure tool changing device for the tool is generally required, and the normal pressure tool changing device comprises a tool apron, a pressure maintaining device, a lubricating device, a dismounting device, a pressure relief and flushing device and the like. As for the structure of the normal pressure tool changing device, that is, the normal pressure tool changing method for the tool is not used as an innovative improvement point of the present application, the most important improvement point of the present application is the central transition cabin 8 and the changing arrangement mode of the tool on the cutter head main body, etc., and reference is made to the prior art for the normal pressure tool changing technology of the tool, and the details are not repeated here.
In this embodiment, a central revolving body 9 is fixedly arranged on a cabin door of the central transition cabin 8, and a telescopic hose 11 is detachably connected between the central revolving body 9 and the cutterhead main body. The third generation shield machine is represented by a closed chest shield machine and mainly comprises a mud water type shield machine and a soil pressure type shield machine. The central revolving body 9 is an important component part of the earth pressure balance shield, has a complex structure, is positioned in the center of a soil bin partition plate and a main drive of the shield, is the only passage for connecting fluid from the inside of the shield to the outside of a cutter head, and can not work normally if the shield is damaged by the component. Thus, in the present embodiment, the central transition pod 8 is disposed rearward of the cutterhead body, i.e., in a direction away from the rear end face of the cutterhead body, the central transition pod 8 is located in a central region of the main drive 10, and the central revolving body 9 is secured to the pod door and the cutterhead bodies are connected by a flexible hose 11. In the working state of the shield machine, fluid is conveyed to the cutter head main body from the central revolving body 9 through the telescopic hose 11, when the shield machine is stopped and a cutter is maintained and replaced, the connection relation between the telescopic hose 11 and the central revolving body 9 is released, namely, the telescopic hose 11 is detached from the central revolving body 9, the other end of the telescopic hose 11 is still fixed on the cutter head main body, the telescopic hose 11 is retracted or placed on the side wall of the central transition cabin 8 by utilizing the telescopic bending foldability of the telescopic hose 11, and the accommodating space of the central transition cabin 8 after the telescopic hose 11 is detached is enlarged, so that a cabin door is opened conveniently and an operator enters conveniently.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, compared with the steel pipe of the conventional large-diameter normal-pressure tool changing tool, the flexible hose 11 of the small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing tool is attached to the cabin door by the central revolving body 9 and is connected with the tool changing tool body by the flexible hose 11 which is easy to detach, so that the problems that the tool changing channel is too narrow, and the operator is difficult to enter the tool changing tool, namely, the tool changing cavity, are solved.
In another specific embodiment, the cutter head main body comprises a plurality of normal pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1 which are distributed from the center to the periphery in a radiation way, wherein the cutters are arranged on the normal pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1, cutter changing cavities for realizing replacement of the cutters are arranged on each normal pressure cutter changing spoke arm 1, the cutter changing cavities of each normal pressure cutter changing spoke arm 1 are also distributed from the center to the periphery in a radiation way, and all the cutter changing cavities are communicated in the center. In this embodiment, each normal pressure tool changing spoke arm 1 corresponds to a part of the cutter head main body, and the tool changing cavities of all the normal pressure tool changing spoke arms 1 are communicated in the center and form the tool changing cavity of the cutter head main body.
In addition, the cutter head main body further comprises an auxiliary beam 2 arranged between the normal-pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1, and the outer periphery side of the auxiliary beam 2 of the normal-pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1 is fixed on the annular cutter head frame. Namely, the normal pressure tool changing spoke arms 1 which are distributed in a radial way from the center to the periphery are uniformly distributed at equal intervals along the circle center, an auxiliary beam 2 is arranged between every two adjacent normal pressure tool changing spoke arms 1, and the left side and the right side of the auxiliary beam 2 are respectively connected with the adjacent normal pressure tool changing spoke arms 1.
In order to achieve a better technical effect, the normal-pressure replaceable leading cutter 3 is arranged in the central area of the cutter head main body, the normal-pressure replaceable shell cutters 4 are arranged on the normal-pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1, and the small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head in the arrangement mode can excavate a rock stratum of a conventional tunnel. In order to meet the strength requirements of different tunnel excavation rock formations, the normal pressure replaceable shell cutters 4 arranged on the normal pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1 can be replaced by normal pressure replaceable leading cutters 3, and at this time, the normal pressure replaceable leading cutters 3 are arranged in the central area of the cutter head main body and on the normal pressure cutter changing spoke arms 1 so as to realize full-section coverage of cutter excavation.
In addition, an atmospheric pressure replaceable super-cutter 5 is provided on the outer side of the atmospheric pressure cutter changing spoke arm 1, and specifically, an atmospheric pressure replaceable super-cutter 5 is provided on the outer side of one atmospheric pressure cutter changing spoke arm 1. Similarly, an edge scraper 7 is arranged on the auxiliary beam 2, and cutters 6 are sequentially arranged on the normal pressure cutter changing spoke arm 1 according to a certain track.
It should be noted that, the cutter 6, the edge scraper 7 and the normal pressure replaceable super-digging cutter 5, and the normal pressure replaceable leading cutter 3 and the normal pressure replaceable shell cutter 4 all belong to conventional cutters, and each single structure and function of the cutters are referred to in the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
The invention provides a small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc as an improvement on a traditional large-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc, and mainly comprises an improvement on a tool changing channel and an improvement on the arrangement of a cutter surface.
In the improvement of the tool changing channel, a central transition cabin 8 serving as the tool changing channel is arranged in the central area of the main drive 10, and a detachable telescopic hose 11 is arranged between a central revolving body 9 fixed on the cabin door and the cutter head main body, so that the cabin door is convenient to open and the staff enter, and the space utilization rate of the central transition cabin 8 of the small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter head is improved.
In the improvement of the cutter surface arrangement, in the tunneling process of the small-diameter normal-pressure cutter changing cutter head, the normal-pressure replaceable shell cutter 4 is replaced by the normal-pressure replaceable leading cutter 3, so that the full-section coverage of the cutter is realized. The normal pressure tool changing technology is applied to the small-diameter cutterhead through the improvement of the cutter arrangement mode, so that the adaptability of the small-diameter cutterhead to geology such as high water pressure and instability is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the problems of difficult tool changing, low tool changing efficiency and high tool changing expense in the conventional small-size tunnel tunneling process are solved through the application of the normal pressure tool changing technology.
The small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. The small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutterhead is characterized by comprising a cutterhead main body and a cutter arranged on the front end face of the cutterhead main body, wherein a tool changing cavity for realizing replacement of the cutter is arranged on the rear end face of the cutterhead main body, a central transition cabin (8) communicated with the tool changing cavity is arranged in the direction away from the rear end face of the cutterhead main body, and a cabin door is arranged on the central transition cabin (8); the cabin door is fixedly provided with a central revolving body (9), a telescopic hose (11) used for realizing that fluid is transported from the central revolving body (9) to the cutterhead main body is connected between the central revolving body (9) and the cutterhead main body, and the telescopic hose (11) is detachably connected with the central revolving body (9).
2. The small-diameter normal pressure tool changing cutterhead according to claim 1, further comprising a main drive (10) arranged behind the cutterhead body, wherein the central transition compartment (8) is arranged in the middle area of the main drive (10).
3. A small diameter atmospheric pressure tool changing cutterhead according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutterhead body comprises a plurality of atmospheric pressure tool changing spoke arms (1) which radiate from the centre to the periphery for realizing the mounting of tools, the tool changing cavity of each atmospheric pressure tool changing spoke arm (1) being in central communication.
4. A small diameter constant pressure tool changing cutterhead according to claim 3, characterized in that the cutterhead body further comprises an auxiliary beam (2) arranged between the constant pressure tool changing spoke arms (1), and the constant pressure tool changing spoke arms (1) and the outer peripheral side of the auxiliary beam (2) are fixed on a cutterhead frame.
5. A small diameter atmospheric pressure tool changer head according to claim 3, comprising an atmospheric pressure replaceable leading edge (3) disposed in a central region of the head body.
6. A small diameter atmospheric pressure tool changer head according to claim 3, comprising an atmospheric pressure replaceable shell knife (4) arranged on the atmospheric pressure tool changer spoke arm (1).
7. The small diameter atmospheric pressure tool changer of claim 6 comprising an atmospheric pressure replaceable leading edge (3) disposed in a central region of the cutter head body, the atmospheric pressure replaceable shell edge (4) being replaceable with the atmospheric pressure replaceable leading edge (3) to achieve full face coverage of cutter excavation.
8. A small diameter atmospheric pressure tool changer according to claim 3, characterized by comprising an atmospheric pressure replaceable super-cutter (5) arranged outside the atmospheric pressure cutter changer spoke arms (1).
9. The small diameter atmospheric cutter head according to claim 4, comprising an edge scraper (7) arranged on the auxiliary beam (2) and a cutter (6) arranged on the atmospheric cutter changing spoke arm (1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910222151.4A CN109736821B (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | Small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc |
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| CN201910222151.4A CN109736821B (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2019-03-22 | Small-diameter normal-pressure tool changing cutter disc |
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| CN109736821A CN109736821A (en) | 2019-05-10 |
| CN109736821B true CN109736821B (en) | 2024-02-02 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112879023B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-04-12 | 清华大学 | Cutter head of tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring machine with cutter head |
| CN113464151A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-01 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Novel normal pressure cutter head and shield machine |
| CN113719298A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-30 | 太原理工大学 | Small-diameter cutter head and tunnel boring machine |
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