JPH0817209A - Lighting object area selective lighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a lighting object area selective lighting device having a thin and simple constitution by utilizing a parallel beamed element. CONSTITUTION:A parallel beamed element 1 is formed with a directive outgoing light dispersed light conductor silicone resin material with dispersed evenly, for example, in methylmethacrylate at a rate of 0.07wt.%. A reflection member R for preventing dispersion of light is arranged around a straight pipe shaped fluorescent lamp L arranged near the incident surface 2 of the parallel beamed element 1. Reflection foils 4, 5 are respectively mounted on or contacted with a rear side of the parallel beamed element 1. Light radiated from the fluorescent lamp L enters into the parallel beamed element 1 from the incident side 2 and led toward a thinnest part 6 and gradually emitted to a slanted direction as a paralleled beam from a light emitting surface 3. At this time, emitting angle betabecomes around 65 deg.+ or -10 deg.. A wall washer type lighting for selectively lighting an area 10 can be provided and local lighting for making a picture PC outstanding can be performed if a shallow recessed part RC is mounted at a position a little apart from the wall WL of a ceiling CL and the lighting system is fully stored and installed in it.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an illuminating device for selectively illuminating a desired target area with an illuminating luminous flux having directivity, and particularly to residential facilities such as houses, offices, shops, hotels, restaurants and commercial facilities. In addition to the use of general lighting inside and outside the public facilities, it is also possible to use an area that is advantageous for local lighting that highlights exhibits at cultural facilities such as those facilities or museums or public facilities. Related to a lighting device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various illuminating devices are used for indoor or outdoor lighting in residential facilities, commercial facilities, cultural facilities, public facilities, etc., but they are not suitable for illumination target areas. The lighting device can be roughly classified into a lighting device having "non-selection of the illumination target region" and a lighting device having "selectivity of the illumination target region". FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an example of the case of a downlight type lighting device which is frequently used, and shows how the lighting device is conventionally used for lighting.

First, FIG. 1 shows a state of use of a lighting device for general lighting in a room in a residential facility, as a typical example of a lighting device which is not to be illuminated. In this example, a recess RC is provided in the ceiling CL, and the illumination device is attached in a state where the light source L1 is not hidden by the recess RC. The light emitted from the light source L1 propagates in multiple directions as shown by the arrow group, and as direct illumination light and part of it as indirect illumination light, the entire room including the floor BS, the wall surface WL, the indoor fixture FN, and the like. Illuminate. That is, the lighting device belonging to this type is
The illumination target area has no particular selectivity and does not selectively or specifically illuminate a specific place in the room.

In such an illuminating device, the light source L1
There is almost no need to give directivity to the light emitted from,
Rather, it is usually desired that light be propagated in as many directions as possible. Therefore, since it is not necessary to consider an additional configuration or installation condition for giving the emitted light from the light source L1 directivity, instead of using the substantially spherical incandescent lamp as shown in the figure, a long tubular or It is not difficult to use a straight tubular discharge tube (for example, a thin tubular fluorescent lamp).

Next, FIG. 2 shows a state of use of so-called wall washer type and spotlight type illumination devices as a representative example of the illumination target area selective illumination device. The former is mainly for selectively illuminating the wall surface WL, and here, the light from the light source L2 which is provided in a state where the recess RC is provided in the ceiling CL and is relatively shallowly housed in the recess RC is applied to the wall surface WL. It is depicted that the image is projected in the vicinity of the hanging painting PC.

The latter is for selectively illuminating a more limited specific area. Here, a recess RC is provided in the ceiling CL, and a light source L3 is arranged so as to be housed in the recess RC relatively deeply. It is depicted that the light is projected in a limited manner near the flower FL for viewing.

In such an illumination device having an illumination target area selectivity, it is necessary to make the light emitted from the light sources L2 and L3 have directivity so that the illumination range is unlimitedly expanded. Further, it is difficult to expect that the radiated light itself from an ordinary light source (incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, etc.) used in a general lighting device has directivity, and therefore the illumination light flux must be directed by some means. I have to. In particular, in order to obtain soft illumination light, the light source L2
When the light diffusing plate is arranged on the front surface of L3, the illumination range is more easily expanded.

FIGS. 3 (1) to 3 (6) show the basic forms of means conventionally used to give directivity to an illumination light flux, and are (1), (3) and (5). Represents a ceiling-embedded arrangement, and (2), (4), and (6) represent non-embedded arrangements corresponding to (1), (3), and (5), respectively. The tubular body SL used in the non-embedded arrangement is supported by a suspending member SP hanging from the ceiling CL, and in many cases, it is suitable after adjusting the angle around the rotation axis AX. Fastener (not shown)
Is designed to be fixed by.

First, referring to FIGS. 3 (1) and 3 (2), there is shown an arrangement in which the light sources L4 and L5 are housed inside a deep recess RC or a long cylindrical body SL whose inner surface is a mirror surface or a reflecting surface M1. ing.

According to these arrangements, of the light emitted from the light sources L4 and L5, the straight-ahead light along the axis of the recess RC or the cylindrical body SL becomes the illumination light flux without being reflected by the mirror surface or the reflecting surface M1. On the other hand, after a considerable portion of the light radiated in the direction largely inclined with respect to the axis of the recess RC or the cylindrical body SL receives the reflecting action on the mirror surface or the reflecting surface M1,
It becomes the illumination luminous flux.

Next, in FIGS. 3 (3) and 3 (4), the light source L
6 and L7 are housed inside the recess RC or the cylindrical body SL, and a curved reflector (typically a parabolic mirror) M2 is arranged so as to surround the light sources L6 and L7. Of the light emitted from the light sources L6 and L7, the straight light along the axis of the recess RC or the cylinder SL is the curved reflector M2.
While it becomes an illumination light flux without being reflected by the concave portion RC or the cylindrical body SL, a considerable portion of the light emitted in the direction inclined with respect to the axis line of the concave portion RC or the cylindrical body is reflected by the curved reflector M2. After being converted into light propagating in the direction along the axis of SL, it becomes an illumination light flux.

Further, in FIGS. 3 (5) and 3 (6), the light source L
8 and L9 are concave portions R whose inner surface is a mirror surface or a reflecting surface M1.
The light source L6 is housed inside the C or the cylindrical body SL, and
The lens means LS (single lens or compound lens) arranged on the front side of L7 is shown. Light sources L8, L9
Light radiated from the recess RC or the opening side of the cylindrical body SL toward the opening side is aligned in the axial direction of the recess RC or the cylindrical body SL to be an illumination light flux, while it is laterally or rearward from the light sources L8 and L9. A considerable part of the light radiated to the lens is subjected to the reflection effect by the mirror surface or the reflecting surface M1, part of which is incident on the lens means LS, and the propagation direction is aligned with the concave portion RC or the axial direction of the cylindrical body SL to illuminate the luminous flux. Becomes

[0013]

However, when the conventional arrangement as described above is used to give directivity to the illumination light flux, the following problems occur. 1. In the arrangement of the molds of FIGS. 3A and 3B, in order to secure the directivity of the illumination light flux, the depth of the concave portion RC or the cylindrical body SL.
It is necessary to make the length 1 of the above larger than the opening dimension d.
Therefore, when the embedded type arrangement of (1) is adopted, it is inevitable that the embedded height on the installation surface such as the ceiling CL becomes large, and when the embedded type arrangement of (2) is adopted. However, a long cylindrical body SL whose inner surface is a mirror surface or a reflection surface is required, which increases the size and weight of the entire lighting device and is not advantageous in terms of cost.

The shapes and dimensions of the light sources L4 and L5 to be used are also considerably restricted, and a large light source or a long tube or straight tube discharge tube (for example, a straight tube fluorescent lamp) with low power consumption and low heat generation is used. It is hard to say that the structure is suitable for use. Although a straight tube discharge tube having a relatively short length and high brightness has also been developed, the light utilization efficiency becomes poor in the arrangement in which the axial direction of the recess RC or the cylindrical body SL and the length direction of the straight tube discharge tube are parallel to each other. Even if an arrangement is adopted in which the length direction of the straight tubular discharge tube is orthogonal to or intersects with the axial direction of the recess RC or the cylinder SL, the length of the recess RC or the cylinder SL is ensured in order to ensure directivity for the illumination light flux. Is still required, and it cannot be said that it is highly effective in reducing the size of the lighting device in the depth direction. Further, in an arrangement in which a straight tubular discharge tube straddles the recess RC or the cylinder SL, there is also a problem that the symmetry around the axis of the recess RC or the cylinder SL in the intensity distribution of the light emitted from the light source is easily broken. .

Further, even if any of the light sources is used, the light sources L4 and L5 have to be arranged at positions recessed from the opening, so that it is difficult to improve the light utilization efficiency and the light utilization efficiency is lowered. To prevent the recess RC or the cylinder SL
It is necessary to increase the reflectance of the inner reflection surface M1 of the above, but if this is done, the softness of the illumination light will also decrease.

2. In the arrangement of the molds of FIGS. 3 (3) and (4),
Since the curved reflector M2 having a high reflectance is required to secure the directivity of the illumination light flux, and the space for disposing the curved reflector M2 inside the recess RC or the cylindrical body SL is required, the length in the depth direction is also required. And the height of embedding in the installation surface such as the ceiling CL becomes large. Further, the need for the curved reflector M2 having a high reflectance and the long tubular body SL is not advantageous in terms of cost.

Further, the restrictions on the shapes and dimensions of the light sources L8 and L9 to be used are the same as the arrangement of the molds of (1) and (2). It is hard to say that the degree of adequacy is high when using a straight discharge tube.

3. The arrangement of the molds in FIGS. 3 (5) and (6) is
Although the length in the depth direction can be made smaller than the arrangements of (1) to (4), in order to improve the directivity of the illumination light flux, the light source L
A distance of about the focal length is required between 6, L7 and the lens means LS. Therefore, the light sources L4 and L5 have to be arranged at positions that are recessed to some extent from the openings, and it is difficult to improve the light use efficiency. Further, if the reflectance of the concave portion RC or the inner reflection surface M1 of the cylindrical body SL is made extremely high in order to prevent the reduction of the light use efficiency, the softness of the illumination light is reduced.

Furthermore, it cannot be said that the problems of a large height embedded in the ceiling CL and the problem of requiring a considerably long cylindrical body SL have been sufficiently overcome. Also, the recess RC
Alternatively, since a lens having a size that covers the opening of the cylindrical body SL is indispensable, it is not advantageous in terms of cost. The restrictions on the shapes and dimensions of the light sources L6 and L7 to be used are the same as the arrangement of the molds (1) to (4). Therefore, it cannot be said that the structure is suitable for using a large-sized light source or a long-tube or straight-tube discharge tube (for example, a straight-tube fluorescent lamp) with low power consumption and low heat generation.

In addition to the problems listed above, when the illumination light is to be emitted obliquely to the ceiling surface (generally, the installation surface), the embedding of (1), (3) and (5) The mold is forced to have a cramped arrangement (a concave portion having an inclined axis or an inclined reflector, lens, etc. is required), which makes it difficult to adopt the embedded arrangement.

As a different type of optical technique from the technique using the optical system consisting of these cylindrical reflectors, concave reflectors or lenses, light incident from the side using a light scatterer is used for the front side. A technique of emitting light from a light extraction surface is known (for example, JP-A-2-221926 and JP-A-4-1).
No. 45485 and Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 51-89888), these techniques use the light scattering effect provided inside or on the surface region of the light guide to make the traveling direction of the light as random as possible. This is to secure the amount of light to be emitted, and is not based on the technical problem of emitting highly directional light from the light extraction surface, and also for residential facilities, commercial facilities, cultural facilities, and public facilities. It is not a technology intended to be used for indoor or outdoor lighting in facilities.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems of the prior art and solve the following technical problems. 1. (EN) Provided is an illumination device which is selective to an illumination target area and which is capable of obtaining a directional illumination light flux with a simple configuration using a parallel light flux conversion element using a directional emission light scattering guide. 2. (EN) Provided is a lighting device which has a small size in the depth direction and therefore can be easily embedded and installed in a ceiling or a wall surface and the like, which is a target area for illumination. 3. To provide an illuminating device which has a planar bright portion having uniform brightness and spread and which can obtain a relatively soft illuminating light flux despite having directivity.

4. To provide an illumination device capable of emitting illumination light in a desired direction without arranging the illumination device itself with respect to an installation surface such as a ceiling or a wall surface.

5. (EN) Provided is a lighting device having a higher degree of suitability in adopting a long-tube or straight-tube discharge tube (for example, a straight-tube fluorescent lamp) having low power consumption and low heat generation as a light source.

[0025]

According to the present invention, as a basic constitution for achieving the above object, "the value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter E [cm ^-1 ] is within the range of 0.5≤E≤50. Yes, the correlation function γ of the non-uniform refractive index structure that produces the light scattering power
The correlation distance a when (r) is approximated by γ (r) = exp [−r / a] (where r is the distance between two points in the light scattering guide).
At least one of the parallel light flux conversion element and the parallel light flux conversion element, which includes a light scattering guide including a volume region having a uniform scattering power and a value of [μm] of 0.06 ≦ a ≦ 35. 1
The present invention proposes an illumination target area selective illuminating device characterized in that it is provided with a light supply means arranged so as to face one end face.

Further, according to the present invention, the value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter E [cm ^-1 ] is 0. 0 as a particularly advantageous structure for forming a planar bright portion having uniform brightness and spread.
Within the range of 5 ≦ E ≦ 50, the correlation function γ (r) of the refractive index inhomogeneous structure that produces the light scattering power is γ (r) = exp [−
r / a] (where r is the distance between two points in the light scattering guide), the value of the correlation distance a [μm] is 0.06 ≦ a ≦
And a cross-sectional area of the wedge-shaped cross-section of the parallel-beam-forming element, which includes a light-scattering light guide including a volume region having a wedge-shaped cross-section having a uniform scattering power in the range of 35. The present invention proposes an illumination target area selective illuminating device characterized in that it is provided with a light supply means arranged so as to face a relatively large end face.

Further, in order to widen the range of selectivity of the illumination target area, "light emitting direction correcting means for correcting the direction characteristic of the emitted light beam is provided so as to face the light extraction surface of the parallel light beam conversion element. The above requirement is imposed on each of the above configurations.

[0028]

According to the present invention, the light supply means is disposed so as to face the end face of the collimating light beam conversion element composed of the light-scattering light guide having a directional emission property including a volume region provided with a uniform scattering ability. From the end face (light incident surface) to enter into the parallel light flux conversion element, by the combined action of light guiding, scattering and interface reflection, it is converted into parallel light flux and extracted from the light extraction surface, This is used for the illumination luminous flux.

Therefore, first, referring to the Debye theory, the scattering irradiation parameter E and the correlation distance a used to describe the scattering characteristics of the light-scattering light guide constituting the collimating beam conversion element in the present invention are cited. explain. Strength I0
When the light of (1) is transmitted through the medium by y (cm) and the intensity is attenuated to I due to the scattering during the period, the effective scattering irradiation parameter E is defined by the following formula (1) or (2).

[0030]

[Equation 1] The above equations (1) and (2) are expressions of so-called integral type and differential type, respectively, and their physical meanings are equivalent. Note that this E is sometimes called turbidity. On the other hand, the scattered light intensity when light scattering occurs due to the non-uniform structure distributed in the medium is as follows in the usual case where most of the emitted light is vertically polarized light with respect to vertically polarized incident light (VV scattering). It is expressed by equation (3).

[0031]

[Equation 2] It is known that, when natural light is incident, the following equation obtained by multiplying the right side of equation (3) by (1 + cos ² Φ) / 2 may be considered in consideration of Hh scattering.

[0032]

(Equation 3) Where λ0 is the wavelength of the incident light, ν = (2πn) / λ0,
s = 2sin (Φ / 2), n is the refractive index of the medium, Φ is the scattering angle, and <η2> is the mean square of the dielectric constant fluctuation in the medium (hereinafter,
<Η 2> = τ, and τ is appropriately used. ), And γ
(R) is called a correlation function and is expressed by the following equation (6).

According to Debye, when the non-uniform refractive index structure of the medium has an interface and is divided into A phase and B phase and dispersed, the correlation function γ is related to the fluctuation of the dielectric constant.
(R), correlation distance a, dielectric constant fluctuation root mean square τ, etc. are expressed by the following relational expressions (7) and (8).

[0034]

[Equation 4] Assuming that the non-uniform structure is composed of spherical interfaces of radius R, the correlation distance a is expressed by the following equation.

[0035]

(Equation 5) Using the equation (6) for the correlation function γ (r), the equation (5)
The effective scattering irradiation parameter E when the natural light is made incident on the medium is calculated based on the above, and the result is as follows.

[0036]

(Equation 6) From the relationship described above, it is possible to control the scattered light intensity, the angle dependence of the scattered light intensity, and the effective scattered irradiation parameter E by changing the correlation distance a and the dielectric constant fluctuation root mean square τ. I understand. In FIG. 4, a curve representing the condition for making the effective scattering irradiation parameter E constant by taking the correlation distance a on the horizontal axis and the mean square τ of the dielectric constant fluctuation on the vertical axis,
It is drawn for the case of E = 50 [cm ⁻¹ ] and E = 100 [cm ⁻¹ ].

Generally, the larger E is, the larger the scattering power is,
If E is small, the scattering power is small, in other words, it becomes almost transparent. E = 0 corresponds to no scattering at all. Therefore, a light-scattering light guide having a small E is suitable for a large-sized parallel light beam conversion element, and a light-scattering light guide having a large E is suitable for a small-sized parallel light beam conversion element.

Considering the above criteria, several cm to several 10c
The range of the effective scattering irradiation parameter E of the light-scattering light-guiding member that constitutes the collimating light-beam converting element for obtaining a bright portion of a normal size of about m is about E = 0.5 to 50 [cm ⁻¹ ]. .

On the other hand, the correlation distance a is an amount that is deeply related to the directional characteristic of scattered light in each scattering phenomenon inside the light scattering guide used for the parallel light flux conversion element. That is,
As inferred from the forms of the above formulas (3) to (5),
Light scattering inside the light-scattering light guide is generally forward-scattering, but the strength of the forward-scattering property changes depending on the correlation distance a.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating this for two values of a. In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the scattering angle Φ (the incident light traveling direction is Φ = 0 °), and the vertical axis represents the scattered light intensity when natural light is assumed, that is, Φ = Value normalized to 0 °, Vvh (Φ)
/ Vvh (0) is represented. As also shown in the figure, when a = 0.13 μm and 2R = 0.2 μm converted to the particle size using the above (9), the graph of the normalized scattering intensity shows a gradual decrease with respect to Φ. It becomes a function, but a = 1.
3 μm, 2R = 2.0 in terms of particle size conversion value by the above formula (9)
In the case of μm, the graph of the normalized scattering intensity is a function that sharply decreases in the range where Φ is small.

As described above, the scattering caused by the non-uniform refractive index structure in the light-scattering light guide basically exhibits a forward scattering property, and the smaller the value of the correlation distance a, the weaker the forward scattering property becomes. It can be said that the scattering angle range in scattering tends to widen. This fact itself has been confirmed experimentally.

The above discussion has focused on the scattering phenomenon itself due to the non-uniform refractive index structure distributed inside the light-scattering light guide forming the collimating element, but the light is actually emitted from the light extraction surface of the collimating element. In order to evaluate the directional characteristics of the emitted light, it is necessary to consider the phenomenon of total reflection on the light extraction surface and the transmittance at the time of light emission (escape rate from the collimating beam conversion element).

As is well known by basic optical theory, when light is incident on the light extraction surface from the inside of the light scattering guide, the critical value is determined by the refractive index of the medium inside and outside the light scattering guide. If it exceeds the angle αc (here, the normal direction standing on the light extraction surface is 0 °), emission (escape) to the outside (air layer) does not occur. In PMMA (refractive index 1.492), which is a typical material used in the present invention, α
c = 42 °. As will be described later, since the refractive index of the resin material preferably used in the present invention is in the range of 1.4 to 1.7, the practical range of αc is 36.0 ° to 4
The value is about 5.6 °.

As described above, since the scattering inside the light scattering guide has a forward scattering property, in the usual case where the light incident surface is located on the side of the light extraction surface, the light incident from the light incident surface is unclear. It is considered rare that the primary scattered light generated upon encountering the uniform structure satisfies the above critical angle condition immediately.

In other words, for the light emission from the light extraction surface,
The phenomenon that light that has undergone multiple scattering inside the light-scattering light guide, an interface on the back side of the light-scattering light guide, or reflection by a reflecting member satisfies the above-mentioned critical angle condition and is emitted to the outside greatly contributes. It is estimated that

If this is the case, when attention is paid to light that satisfies the critical angle, the forward scattering property, which is an attribute of each scattering phenomenon, is considerably diminished, and a considerable spread occurs in the light traveling direction distribution. It should be. Therefore, the directional characteristics of the light emitted from the collimating beam conversion element composed of the light-scattering light guide are largely dependent on the angular dependence of the transmittance (escape rate) of the light extraction surface of the light satisfying the critical angle condition. Will be done.

Generally, when the critical angle condition is barely satisfied, the interfacial transmittance is extremely low (for example, in the case of the acrylic resin-air interface, about 40% of the P polarization component and about 20% of the S polarization component), the critical angle If it goes below the level, it will rise sharply and rise to 5
It becomes almost constant under the condition that the angle falls below 0 ° to 10 ° (at the acrylic resin-air interface, the P polarization component is 90% or more,
S polarization component of 85% or more).

From the above, in the case of acrylic resin, the light having an incident angle of about 35 ° to 40 ° on the light extraction surface contributes most to the light emission from the light extraction surface of the collimating element. It is considered that Considering the refraction on the light extraction surface, the light incident on the light extraction surface at the incident angle of 35 ° to 40 ° is in the range of about 65 ° to about 10 ° before and after with respect to the normal line set on the light extraction surface. It is emitted toward the direction where it is contained.

Even when a material other than acrylic resin is used for the light-scattering light-guiding member that constitutes the collimating light flux element, the practical range of the refractive index of the material is about 1.4 to 1.7. If the angle is expected to be off by a few degrees, the same argument holds.

That is, the light emitted from the light extraction surface of the collimating beam conversion element is roughly estimated to be 20 ° to 3 ° with respect to the surface of the light extraction surface.
The light has a clear directivity in the rising direction even at around 0 °.

It should be noted, however, that if the value of the correlation distance a is too small, the forward scattering property itself becomes weak and a wide range of scattered light including backscattering is generated only by the primary scattering. Therefore, this directivity is weakened. In the invention of the present application, a parallel light flux conversion element constituted by a light-scattering light guide (hereinafter, referred to as “directional light-scattering light-scattering light guide”) in which such a phenomenon is not remarkable is used. The range specified by the present invention for the correlation distance a of the light scattering guide (0.06 μm ≦ a ≦ 35 μm)
Has taken this condition into account. If the light-scattering light guide is made of a material in which different refractive index particles are dispersed,
From the formula (9), the range of the particle diameter of 0.1 μm to 54 μm corresponds to this range.

One reason why the upper limit is set for the range of the correlation distance a is that, as can be seen from the graph of FIG. 4, if the value of the correlation distance a is too large, the effective scattering will occur unless the value of τ is increased. This is because the value of the irradiation parameter E becomes very small, and it becomes difficult to realize a proper value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter E.

As described above, if the light-scattering light guide is used as a collimating light beam converting element under the condition that directional emission is exhibited, the incident light beam can be converted into a uniform parallel light beam with a simple structure. I can. Further, the light converted into a parallel light flux can be collectively corrected to have a desired propagation direction by a light emitting direction correcting means utilizing a prism action.

If the light-scattering light-guiding member forming the collimating light flux element has a wedge-shaped cross section, it is easier to obtain an illuminating device having a wide shining portion with uniform brightness. Become. The technical means used in combination with these collimating light flux elements and the features related to the wedge shape of the light-scattering light guide will be described in the following embodiments.

[0055]

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a wall washer type illumination. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a wedge-shaped parallel light flux conversion element made of a light-scattering light guide having a directional emission property. For example, in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a silicone resin material (refractive index =
1.4345) uniformly dispersed at a ratio of 0.07 wt% is used. Reference numeral L denotes a straight tubular fluorescent lamp arranged in the vicinity of the incident surface 2 corresponding to the end face on the thick side of the collimating light beam conversion element 1, and a reflector R for preventing the dissipation of light is arranged around it. . Reference numerals 4 and 5 respectively denote the back surface of the collimating light beam conversion element 1 and the reflection foil provided in close contact with it. The size of the collimated light beam conversion element 1 in the depth direction in the figure is substantially equal to the length of the fluorescent lamp L.

According to the principle described in the section of "Operation", the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp L to the left enters the collimating element 1 from the incident surface 2 and is guided to the thinnest portion 6. Meanwhile, the collimated light flux is gradually emitted from the light extraction surface 3 in an oblique direction. If the exit angle at this time is β,
As described above, β = 65 ° ± 10 ° or so.

Therefore, as shown, the ceiling CL
A shallow recess RC at a position slightly distant from the wall surface WL of
If the entire illuminating device is housed and installed in such a way that the extending direction thereof is along the ceiling surface, wall-washer type illumination for selectively illuminating the area as shown by reference numeral 10 is realized. For example, in a museum, a painting PC can be displayed in the area 10 of the wall surface WL, and can be used as local illumination to highlight the painting PC.

Here, the technical significance of making the cross-sectional shape of the collimating beam conversion element 1 wedge-shaped will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the collimated light beam conversion element 1 composed of the wedge-shaped light-scattering light guide used in the arrangement of FIG. 6, and the state of repeated reflection inside the light-incident surface 2 is shown in FIG. The light taken into the collimating element is represented by a ray B0.

Since the light source L is arranged so as to face the light incident surface 2 formed at one end of the wedge shape, it is considered that the representative ray B0 makes a small angle with the horizontal direction as shown in the drawing. You can Considering the behavior of the light beam B0, the light beam B0 undergoes a direction change due to scattering at a constant rate, and repeats reflection on the light extraction surface 3 and the back surface 4 inclined with respect to the light extraction surface 3 as shown in the figure. It approaches the thin portion of the collimating beam conversion element 1. Since the reflections on the inner surfaces of the surfaces 3 and 4 are specular reflections, the incident angle and the reflection angle in each reflection are the same (θ1, θ2, θ3 ...
・ ・). Here, paying attention to each reflection on the light extraction surface 3, it can be seen that the relationship of θ2>θ4> θ6.

Considering the interface transmittance at each reflection, θi> αc (critical angle; PMMA-42 ° at the PMMA-air interface) by the same discussion as in the case of the directional emission of the light scattering guide. Under the condition (1), total reflection occurs, and when θi falls below αc, the transmittance sharply rises, and when θi is below a predetermined value (around 35 ° at the PMMA-air interface), the transmittance becomes almost constant.
In the figure, it is illustrated that the emitted lights B4 and B6 are generated due to the relationship of θ2>αc>θ4> θ6.

Such an effect should occur not only for the representative light beam B0 (non-scattered light) but also for the first scattered light and the multiple scattered light. It is considered that the effect of increasing the light emission rate from the light extraction surface 3 is produced as the distance from the incidence surface 2 increases. When this effect is evaluated by the function f (x) of the distance x from the light incident surface 2, f (x) is an increasing function with respect to x. On the other hand, in the portion near the light incident surface 2, the effect of being closer to the light source L works for both direct light and scattered light. This proximity effect is g
When evaluated with (x), g (x) is a decreasing function.

Therefore, the proximity effect g (x) is canceled by f (x), the light is guided further and the light extraction surface 5
The tendency is to emit light from. Also,
The opportunity for the light in the collimating element 1 to enter the light extraction surface 3 also tends to increase as it moves away from the incidence surface 2 due to the effect of the wedge shape, and is considered to increase overall. Therefore, it is considered that the effect of further improving the brightness level is also produced.

It is to be noted that the angle ψ formed by the two surfaces 3 and 4 is set to, for example, about 0.5 ° ≦ ψ ≦ 6 ° so that the entire device has a thin structure and the brightness level, the uniformity, the directional characteristics, etc. It has been confirmed to be preferable in order to obtain good results. Further, by making the inclined back surface 4 (in some cases, the light extraction surface 3) a curved surface, the reflection angles θ1, θ2, θ3
It is also possible to control the increasing transition of ... And realize more desirable characteristics.

It is clear that the above-described effect of adopting the light-scattering light guide having a wedge-shaped cross section can be similarly achieved when the reflector is arranged along the back surface 4, but it is made into a parallel light flux. In order not to hinder the above, it is more preferable to dispose a reflector having specular reflection rather than a diffuse reflection reflector.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment in which the present invention is used for spotlight type illumination. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a wedge-shaped parallel light flux conversion element made of a light-scattering light guide having a directional emission property. For example, a silicone resin material (refractive index = 1.
4345) uniformly dispersed at a rate of 0.07 wt% is used. L is a straight tube type fluorescent lamp arranged in the vicinity of the incident surface 2 which is the end face on the thick side of the collimating beam conversion element 1, and a reflector R for preventing light from being scattered around the fluorescent lamp.
Is arranged. Reference numerals 4 and 5 respectively denote a collimating beam converting element 1.
And the reflection foil provided in close contact with the back surface of the. The size of the collimated beam conversion element 1 in the depth direction in the figure is substantially equal to the length of the fluorescent lamp L.

The above construction is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6, but the feature of this embodiment is that the light emitting direction correcting element PR is arranged in front of the light extraction surface 3. It is in.

According to the principle described in the section of "Operation", the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp L to the left enters the collimating beam converting element 1 from the incident surface 2 and is guided to the thinnest portion 6. Meanwhile, the collimated light flux is gradually emitted from the light extraction surface 3 in an oblique direction. The exit angle at this time is about β = 65 ° ± 10 °, as described above.

This light beam is used as an illumination light beam after its propagation direction is corrected by the action of the light emitting direction correction element PR described below. Here, an example is shown in which the region 10 that is almost directly below the ceiling CL is selectively illuminated, but the size and direction of correction can be selected within a considerable range.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are sectional views for explaining a typical structure of the light emitting direction correcting element PR and an outline of its operation. In addition, here, the light emitting direction correction element PR
Is made of polycarbonate (PC; refractive index n2 = 1.59).

The light emitting direction correcting element PR is an element having a function of correcting the direction characteristic of light by utilizing the prism action.
As shown in FIG. 9 (a), a surface on which a large number of prism surfaces H1, H1 '... Is formed in a row is used as a light incident surface, or conversely, FIG. 9 (b) is used.
The surface on which a large number of prism surfaces J1, J1 '... Is formed in a row is used as the light extraction surface.

First, the case of FIG. 9A will be described. G
Reference numerals 1 and G2 are light rays representing the parallel light flux emitted from the parallel light flux conversion element 1, and the directions thereof are inclined in the range of about 15 ° to 35 ° with respect to the extending direction of the light emission direction correction element PR. ing.

The representative rays G1 and G2 travel straight through the air layer 7 (refractive index n0 = about 1.0) and then the light emitting direction modifying element P
The light enters the R prism surface H1 'at an angle close to vertical. Since the proportion of incidence on the prism surfaces H1 and H2 on the opposite side is relatively small, the representative rays G1 and G2 are the prism surfaces H1 'and H2'.
Approximately straight up to regular reflection (preferably total reflection),
The light is incident on the flat surface 8 of the light emitting direction correction element PR at an angle close to the vertical direction, and is emitted from the flat surface 8 of the light beam emitting direction correction element PR at an angle close to vertical.

The prism surfaces H1, H2, ... H1 ', H2',
.. are designed in relation to the directions of the light rays G1 and G2 and the refractive index n2 of the light emitting direction modifying element PR, the light emitted from the light emitting surface 8 of the light emitting direction modifying element PR is G1 ',
The direction of G2 'can be adjusted.

Next, FIG. 9B shows a light emitting direction correcting element P.
It is sectional drawing explaining the behavior of light when R is arrange | positioned so that the prism surface may face outside. As in the case of FIG. 9A, the rays G1 and G2 representing the parallel light flux emitted from the parallel light flux conversion element 1 are represented by the air layer 7 (refractive index n0 = about 1.
0) straight ahead, and then the flat surface 8 of the light emitting direction correction element PR
The light is incident at an inclined angle and refracts slightly downward.

Then, the light is emitted from the prism surfaces J1 and J2 on the opposite side to the air layer 9, but at that time, the light is refracted further downward, and therefore, with respect to the extending direction of the light emitting direction correcting element PR. An emission direction with an angle close to the vertical direction is realized.
Also in this case, the prism surfaces J1, J2, ...
If the inclination angles of J1 ', J2', ... Are designed in relation to the directions of the light rays G1 and G2 and the refractive index n2 of the light emitting direction modifying element PR, the light emitting surface 8 of the light emitting direction modifying element PR It is possible to adjust the directions of the emitted lights G1 'and G2'.

The light emitting direction correcting element PR is not limited to the one having the prism surfaces formed in rows as shown in the figure,
Any type may be used. For example, a film in which protrusions having a triangular pyramid shape or a dome shape are distributed, a plate-shaped element having columnar convex portions having a semicylindrical cross section, and the like are conceivable. Also, it is possible to use a plurality of light emitting direction correcting elements in a stacked manner.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment in which a wall washer type illumination and a spotlight type illumination are simultaneously realized by a single light source by a ceiling embedded type arrangement. In the figure, reference numerals 1 and 1'denotes a wedge-shaped collimating beam-conversion element made of a light-scattering light guide having directional emission properties, and the material thereof is, for example, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as in the first and second embodiments. A silicone resin material (refractive index = 1.4345) uniformly dispersed in a proportion of 0.07 wt% is used. The collimated light beam conversion elements 1 and 1 ′ are arranged such that their end faces on the thick side face each other with the straight tube-shaped fluorescent lamp L interposed therebetween.

A curved surface reflector R ″ is arranged around the light source so as to prevent light from being scattered and to increase the amount of light incident on both light incident surfaces 2 and 2 ′ substantially perpendicularly. It shows the back surface of the collimating light beam conversion element 1 and a reflection foil provided in close contact with it.The size of the parallel light beam conversion element 1 in the depth direction in the figure is substantially equal to the length of the fluorescent lamp L. These illuminations The entire device is housed / installed in a recess RC that is formed in the ceiling CL to be shallow and large.

The light emitted from the fluorescent lamp L to the left enters the collimating beam conversion element 1 from the incident surface 2 and obliquely from the light extraction surface 3 as in the case of the first embodiment. It is emitted and selectively illuminates the region 10 on the wall surface WL.

On the other hand, the light emitted to the right from the fluorescent lamp L enters the collimating beam converting element 1'from the incident surface 2'and the light extraction surface 3 as in the case of the second embodiment. An illumination light flux is provided which is emitted in an oblique direction from ′ and is further corrected in a direction substantially right below by the light emission direction correction element PR to selectively illuminate the region 10 on the wall surface WL.

FIG. 11 shows a fourth embodiment in which bidirectional wall washer type illumination light is obtained using a single collimating beam conversion element. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a collimating light beam conversion element composed of a light-scattering light guide having a directional emission property, and the material thereof is, for example, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in a silicone resin material (refractive index). = 1.4345) uniformly dispersed at a ratio of 0.07 wt% is used. The parallel light flux conversion element 1 has a shape obtained by combining two wedge-shaped light scattering guides,
Both end faces on the thick side are arranged so as to face the straight tube-shaped fluorescent lamps L and L ′.

Reflectors R and R'for preventing the dissipation of light are arranged around the light source. Reference numerals 4 and 5 represent the back surface of the collimating light beam conversion element 1 and the reflection foil provided in close contact with it. The size of the collimating beam conversion element 1 in the depth direction in the figure is substantially the same as the length of the fluorescent lamps L and L ′.
The whole of these lighting devices is housed and installed in a recess RC that is formed in the ceiling CL to be shallow and large.

The light emitted from the fluorescent lamp L to the right enters the collimating beam converting element 1 from the incident surface 2 and is almost at the center of the collimating beam converting element 1 as in the case of the first embodiment. A wall washer type illumination light is provided that is gradually emitted as a collimated light flux from the light extraction surface 3 in a diagonal direction while being guided to the vicinity of the portion, and selectively illuminates the area of the wall surface WL indicated by reference numeral 10. .

Similarly, the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp L'to the left enters the collimating beam converting element 1 from the incident surface 2 ', and is guided to the vicinity of the central portion while the light extraction surface 3 is being guided.
A wall washer type illumination light that is gradually emitted as a collimated light beam in a diagonal direction and selectively illuminates an area 10 'of the wall surface WL' is provided.

In this way, it is possible to simultaneously project the wall washer type illumination light onto the wall surfaces on both sides by the two-lamp type illumination device using a single collimating beam conversion element.

FIG. 12 replaces the collimating beam converting element 1 of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 11 with a light-scattering light guide in the shape of a rotating wedge, and uses straight tube fluorescent lamps L and L'as a single unit. 5th Example which replaced with the annular fluorescent lamp of
It is shown as viewed from directly below the lighting device.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a rotating wedge-shaped light-scattering light guide, and is arranged so as to substantially fill the space of the short cylindrical shape inside the annular fluorescent lamp L ″. It is a detachable ring-shaped lid member that covers the lower side of the annular light source L ″, and is not used when the direct light from the light source L ″ is used.

If such an illuminating device is adopted with the lid member 11 attached, an annular illumination area can be formed. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, when this lighting device is arranged at the center of the ceiling of a circular hole having a cylindrical wall surface WL, first, the entire circumference of the upper surface of the wall surface WL is directly illuminated, and then the wall surface is further illuminated. The indirect illumination light can be spread over the entire hole depending on the degree of diffuse reflectance of the WL (generally high on the white wall surface and low on the dark wall surface). Further, in a circular hole having a white wall surface WL, if the brightness of the light source L ″ is appropriately selected or controlled according to the size of the hole, it is possible to illuminate the entire hole faintly.

Even when the lighting device shown in FIG. 12 is used in a room having no circular shape such as a rectangle or a polygon, the room can be illuminated more uniformly than the conventional lighting device. Further, it is of course possible to use the illumination device shown in FIG. 12 to illuminate the floor surface in an annular shape.

Further, by arranging a light emitting direction correcting element in which concentric prism rows are formed on the front surface of the rotating wedge-shaped light scattering guide 1, a spotlight type illumination for illuminating the floor portion in a circular shape can be obtained. Will be realized. In this case, the light emitting direction correcting element is integrally attached to the lid member 11 shown in FIG. 12, so that the illumination area can be changed without changing the structure of the main body portion of the illumination device. .

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing an example thereof as a sixth embodiment. It shows a ring-shaped light source L ″ and a rotary wedge-shaped light-scattering light guide 1 arranged inside the light source L ″. The main body supported by the housing member 12 also serving as a reflector is attached to the ceiling C.
A structure is shown, which is housed in a concave portion of L and is combined with a detachable lid member 11 integrally attached with a light emitting direction correction element in which concentric prism rows are formed.

If a plurality of types of light emitting direction modifying elements attached to the lid member 11 having different light emitting direction modifying characteristics are prepared, the range of selection of the shape and size of the illumination region can be further widened.

In the fifth and sixth embodiments, the rotary wedge-shaped light-scattering light guide is surrounded by the annular light source (fluorescent lamp). If the method is generalized, all or all of the periphery of the light-scattering light guide of any shape (polygon, ellipse, decorative irregular shape, etc.) that tends to decrease in thickness toward the central part or Various arrangements in which a part is surrounded by a light source are possible. For example, as the shape of the light-scattering light guide, a rectangular shape having four quadrangular pyramid-shaped recesses on the back side is complemented by complementarily combining four wedge shapes whose thickness and width are linearly reduced toward the center. Adopted to cover almost the entire circumference of the light-scattering light guide.
A lighting device having a rectangular bright portion can be formed by surrounding the rod-shaped lamp with two or four to four rod-shaped lamps.

Next, FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a seventh embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a floor washer type illumination. In this embodiment, the entire lighting device is housed and installed in a vertical position as shown in a recess RC provided on the wall surface WL. Similar to the first embodiment and the like, reference numeral 1 is a wedge-shaped collimating light beam conversion element composed of a light emitting light guide having a directional emission property. For example, a silicone resin material (refractive index = 1 in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)) is used. .4345) to 0.07 wt
A uniform distribution of% is used. Reference numeral L denotes a straight tubular fluorescent lamp arranged near the incident surface 2 which is an end face on the thick side of the collimating light beam conversion element 1, and a reflector R for preventing the dissipation of light is arranged around the fluorescent lamp. 4, 5
Represents a back surface of the parallel light flux conversion element 1 and a reflection foil provided in close contact therewith. The size of the collimated light beam conversion element 1 in the depth direction in the figure is substantially equal to the length of the fluorescent lamp L.

The light emitted downward from the fluorescent lamp L enters the collimating beam converting element 1 from the incident surface 2 and is guided to the thinnest portion 6 while being collimated from the light extraction surface 3 as a luminous flux. It is gradually emitted in an oblique direction. The emission angle at this time is about 65 ° ± 10 ° as described above. Therefore, as shown in the figure, a floor washer type illumination for selectively illuminating the floor area indicated by reference numeral 10 is realized. Such highly directional lighting is suitable for lighting a passage in a concert hall or theater, for example.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an eighth embodiment for providing a wall washer type illumination by a wall embedding arrangement to which the present invention is applied. In this embodiment, the entire illuminating device is accommodated and installed in a horizontal position in recesses (not shown) provided on both wall surfaces WL ′, WL ″.
1, the reference numerals 1 and 1'indicate a wedge-shaped collimating beam conversion element made of a light-scattering light guide having a directional emission property. For example, a silicone resin material (refractive index = 1.4345) uniformly dispersed at a ratio of 0.07 wt% is used.

L and L ′ are straight tubular fluorescent lamps arranged in the vicinity of the incident surface, which is the end face on the thick side of the collimating light beam conversion elements 1 and 1 ′, for preventing the dissipation of light in the surroundings. A reflector (not shown) is arranged. Fluorescent lamp L, L '
The light radiated in the direction along the wall surfaces WL, WL 'from the light-incident surface enters the parallel light flux conversion elements 1, 1'from the respective incident surfaces and is collimated from the light extraction surfaces 3, 3'while being guided to the thinnest portion. The emitted light flux is gradually emitted in an oblique direction.

The exit angle at this time is 65 ° as described above.
It is about ± 10 °. Therefore, as shown,
A wall-washer type illumination that selectively illuminates the painting PC hung on the front wall surface WL is realized. Such an illumination method is suitable, for example, for illumination that highlights a large painting in a museum.

FIG. 16 shows a ninth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to the non-embedding type arrangement. A short cylinder or support body SL rotatably supported by a suspending member SP hanging from a ceiling CL around a rotation axis AX is configured to be fixed at a desired angle by fasteners (not shown). There is. As shown by the broken line, the cylindrical body SL accommodates the main body of the illuminating device including the parallel light flux conversion element 1, the short tube fluorescent lamp L, and the light emission direction correction element PR. The components and functions of the illumination device main body are similar to those used in the above-described embodiments, and the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp L is collimated by the collimating element 1 and the light emission direction correcting element. It is converted to an illumination light flux having directivity in the arrow direction via PR.

As will be easily understood from the present embodiment, if the present invention is applied to the non-embedded type arrangement, FIG.
As compared with the conventional type shown in (2), (4), and (6), a shorter cylinder or support SL can be used, and the weight including the suspension member SP can be reduced as a whole. Also,
It is also possible to eliminate the need to make the inner surface of the cylinder reflective.

FIG. 17 shows a tenth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to limited illumination in an OA room to prevent glare on a display screen. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a plate-like parallel light flux conversion element composed of a light-scattering light guide having a directional emission property, and the material thereof is the same as that of the first embodiment and the like, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in a silicone resin material. A material in which (refractive index = 1.4345) is uniformly dispersed at a ratio of 0.07 wt% is used.

Straight tube fluorescent lamps L and L'are arranged in the vicinity of both end faces of the collimated light beam conversion element 1. In addition, reflectors R and R'that prevent the dissipation of light are arranged around the fluorescent lamp. Reference numerals 4 and 5 represent the back surface of the collimating light beam conversion element 1 and the reflection foil provided in close contact with it.
The size of the collimating beam conversion element 1 in the depth direction in the figure is substantially the same as the length of the fluorescent lamps L and L ′. The whole of these illuminating devices has a recess R formed on the ceiling CL to be shallow and large.
It is housed and installed in C.

The light emitted from the fluorescent lamps L, L'to the right or left enters the collimating beam converting element 1 with both end faces as incident faces, and is guided to the far end faces respectively. The collimated light flux is gradually emitted from the light extraction surface 3 in an oblique direction. Then, by the action of the light emission direction correction element PR arranged on the front surface of the parallel light flux conversion element 1, the propagation direction is corrected slightly downward and then used as the illumination light flux. Here, an example is shown in which the illumination light distributed within the range 10 within the broken line is formed.

By appropriately setting the illumination range 10, it is possible to realize illumination in which the keyboards KY and KY 'are illuminated brightly but almost no illumination light enters the displays DP and DP'. Therefore, it is possible to protect the operators PS, PS 'from the adverse effects of the screen glare without attaching a hood or a glare prevention screen to the displays DP, DP'.

The two-lamp type arrangement using the plate-shaped parallel light beam conversion element is suitable for distributing the illumination light to a relatively wide range, but the parallel light beam conversion element 1 has a wedge shape. It will be apparent from the above description that even with the use of, a similarly limited illumination light flux can be obtained.

In each of the cases described above, a fluorescent lamp is used as a light source, but the fact that the present invention does not place any special restrictions on the type and shape of the light source is the principle of the present invention. It is only natural in light of the explanations so far.

For example, several incandescent lamps can be arranged along the light incident surface of the collimating light beam conversion element to serve as the light supply means. Further, the end face of the light guide for introducing sunlight into the room may be coupled to the light incident surface of the parallel light flux conversion element, and the illumination light may be extracted from the light extraction surface of the parallel light flux conversion element.

Finally, the material and manufacturing method of the light-scattering light guide used in the collimated light beam conversion element of the present invention will be described. As the base of the light-scattering light-guiding member that constitutes the collimating light beam converting element used in the present invention, various materials based on a polymer material can be used. Representatives of these polymers are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0108]

[Table 1]

[0109]

[Table 2] A parallel light flux conversion element based on such a polymer material can be manufactured by using the following manufacturing method. First, one of them is a method utilizing a molding process including a step of kneading two or more kinds of polymers. That is, two or more kinds of polymer materials having different refractive indexes (arbitrary shapes may be used. Industrially, for example, pellets are conceivable.) Are mixed and heated, and kneaded (kneading step) and kneaded. Injecting the liquid material into the mold of the injection molding machine at high pressure and cooling and solidifying the parallel light flux forming element, the parallel light flux converting element having a shape corresponding to the shape of the mold can be obtained by removing from the mold. You can

Since the kneaded polymers of two or more kinds of modified refractive index are solidified without being completely mixed, non-uniformity (fluctuation) is generated and fixed in their local concentration,
Uniform scattering power is given. In addition, if the kneaded material is injected into the cylinder of an extrusion molding machine and extruded in a usual manner, the desired molded product can be obtained.

A wide variety of combinations and mixing ratios of these polymer blends can be selected, and the refractive index difference, the strength and properties of the refractive index nonuniform structure generated in the molding process (scattering irradiation parameter E, correlation distance) a, dielectric constant fluctuation root mean square τ, etc.) may be taken into consideration. In addition,
Representative of polymeric materials that can be used are shown in Tables 1 and 2 above.

Another method of manufacturing the material forming the collimating element is to have different refractive indices (0.0
(Refractive index difference of 01 or more) A particulate material is uniformly mixed and dispersed. Then, one of the methods that can be used for uniformly mixing the particulate material is a method called a suspension polymerization method. That is, when the particulate material is mixed in the monomer and the polymerization reaction is carried out in a state of being suspended in hot water, a polymer material in which the particulate material is uniformly mixed can be obtained. If this is used as a raw material and molding is performed, a parallel light flux conversion element having a desired shape is manufactured.

Further, suspension polymerization is carried out for various combinations of particulate materials and monomers (combination of particle concentration, particle diameter, refractive index, etc.), plural kinds of materials are prepared, and these are selectively blended. By performing molding in this way, it is possible to manufacture parallel light flux conversion elements having various characteristics. Also, if you blend a polymer that does not contain particulate material,
The particle concentration can be easily controlled.

Another method available for uniformly mixing the particulate material is to knead the polymer material and the particulate material. Also in this case, kneading and molding (pelletization) are performed by combining various particulate materials and polymers (combination of particle concentration, particle diameter, refractive index, etc.), and these are selectively blended to form a parallel light flux. By molding and manufacturing the element,
It is possible to obtain parallel light flux conversion elements having various characteristics.

It is also possible to combine the polymer blending method and the particulate material mixing method described above. For example, it is conceivable to mix a particulate material during blending / kneading of polymers having different refractive indexes.

Hereinafter, some examples of the manufacturing method will be described. <Production Example 1> 0.3 pellets of methacrylic resin (Delvet 80N, manufactured by Asahi Kasei) and 0.8 μm particle size silicone resin powder (Toshiba Silicone, Tospearl 108) were used.
wt% was added, and the mixture was mixed and dispersed by a mixer, then extruded into a strand by an extruder and pelletized by a pelletizer to prepare pellets in which the silicone resin powder was uniformly dispersed.

Using an injection molding machine, the pellets were molded under the conditions of a cylinder temperature of 230 ° C to 260 ° C and a mold temperature of 50 ° C, and the length was 68 mm, the width was 85 mm, and the thickness was 3.8 mm in the long side direction. To 0.2 mm, a wedge-shaped collimated light beam conversion element was obtained.

The correlation distance of the manufactured parallel light flux conversion element is a
= 0.53 μm, and the estimated calculation value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter by the equation (11) was E = 12.6 [cm ⁻¹ ].

<Production Example 2> Silicone resin powder having a particle size of 0.8 μm in MMA (manufactured by Toshiba Silicone, Tospearl 1
08) was added in an amount of 0.3 wt% to obtain spherical particles in which the powder was uniformly dispersed by a known suspension polymerization method.
This was pelletized with a pelletizer in the same manner as in Production Example 1 to prepare pellets in which the silicone resin powder was uniformly dispersed.

Hereinafter, under the same conditions as in Manufacturing Example 1, a wedge-shaped parallel light flux conversion element of the same type was obtained. This parallel light flux conversion element is manufactured by manufacturing example 1.
It was completely indistinguishable from the collimated light beam producing element manufactured in 1. And the correlation distance is a = 0.53 μm
The estimated value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter according to the equation (11) was E = 12.6 [cm ⁻¹ ].

<Production Example 3> Polystyrene (PSt) 0.5 wt% in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Add and mix for 10 minutes using a V tumbler, then 5 minutes using a Henschel mixer. This is diameter 30
The pellets were prepared by melting and mixing under the conditions of a cylinder temperature of 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 75 rpm, and a discharge rate of 6 kg / hr using a 2-mm extruder (manufactured by Nakatani Machinery Co., Ltd.).

Using an injection molding machine, the pellets were heated at a cylinder temperature of 220 ° C. to 250 ° C., a mold temperature of 65 ° C., an injection speed of medium speed, an injection pressure of a short shot pressure plus 10 k.
Molded under the conditions of g / cm2, length 68mm, width 85mm
As a result, a wedge-shaped collimated light beam conversion element having a thickness gradually changing from 3.8 mm to 0.2 mm in the long side direction was obtained.

<Production Example 4> MMA (methyl methacrylate) was added with 0.05 wt% of a silicone resin powder having a particle size of 2 μm (Toshiba Silicone, Tospearl 120), respectively.
Four types of samples uniformly added with 0.08 wt%, 0.10 wt% and 0.15 wt% and MMA without particles added
Samples were prepared, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 0.5 was used as a radical polymerization initiator for each of a total of 5 types of samples.
wt%, 0.2 wt% of n-lauryl mercaptan (n-LM) as a chain transfer agent, cast polymerization at 70 ° C. for 24 hours, and the length is 68 mm, the width is 85 mm, and the thickness is from 3.8 mm in the long side direction. Wedge-shaped parallel light flux conversion elements gradually changing to 0.2 mm were manufactured one by one.

<Production Example 5> 0.025 wt% of silicone oil was added to MMA (methyl methacrylate) and uniformly dispersed, 0.5 wt% of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a radical polymerization initiator and n as a chain transfer agent. -Butyl mercaptan (n-BM) 0.2 wt
%, Each of them was added, and sol formation was performed at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then cast polymerization was further performed at 65 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a lengthwise 68
mm, width 85 mm, and a wedge-shaped parallel light flux conversion element having a thickness gradually changing from 3.8 mm to 0.2 mm in the long-side direction.

<Production Example 6> 0.08 wt% of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) was added a silicone resin powder having a particle size of 2 μm (TOSPOLAR 120 manufactured by Toshiba Silicone), and the mixture was applied for 10 minutes using a V-type tumbler and then Henschel. Mix for 5 minutes using a mixer. This was melt-mixed (cylinder temperature 220 ° C. to 250 ° C.) and extrusion-molded with a twin-screw extruder to prepare pellets.

The pellets were injection-molded using an injection molding machine at a cylinder temperature of 220 ° C. to 250 ° C.
mm, width 85 mm, and a wedge-shaped parallel light flux conversion element having a thickness gradually changing from 3.8 mm to 0.2 mm in the long-side direction.

[0127]

According to the present invention, (1) a directional illumination light flux can be obtained with a simple configuration using a parallel light flux conversion element utilizing a directional emission light scattering guide. 2) To provide a lighting device having a small size in the depth direction, which is easy to be embedded in a ceiling or a wall surface and easy to install and maintain, and (3) a surface having uniform brightness and spread. (4) An illumination device that has a shining part and is capable of obtaining a relatively soft luminous flux despite having directivity is provided. (4) The illumination device itself can be installed with respect to an installation surface such as a ceiling or a wall surface. Provided is an illuminating device capable of emitting illumination light in a desired direction without arranging it in an inclined manner. (5) Power-saving low heat-generating long tubular or straight tubular discharge tube (for example, a straight tubular tube). Fluorescent lamp) as the light source Such that can provide a lighting device which is suitable for adoption, and has a number of advantages.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a state of use of a lighting device for general lighting in a room in a residential facility, as a typical example of a lighting device having no illumination target area selection.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a usage state of a wall washer type and a spotlight type illumination device as a typical example of an illumination device having an illumination target area selectivity.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a basic form of means conventionally used for giving a directivity to an illumination light flux, (1),
(3) and (5) represent a ceiling-embedded layout,
(2), (4) and (6) represent non-embedded type arrangements corresponding to (1), (3) and (5), respectively.

FIG. 4 is a curve showing conditions for making the effective scattering irradiation parameter E constant by taking the correlation distance a on the horizontal axis and the mean square τ of permittivity fluctuations on the vertical axis, and E = 50 [cm ⁻¹ ] and E = 100
It is a graph drawn about the case of [cm ^-1 ].

FIG. 5 is a graph plotting normalized scattering intensity for two values of the correlation distance a, where the horizontal axis represents the scattering angle Φ and the vertical axis represents the scattered light intensity assuming natural light.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a wall washer type illumination.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the parallel light flux conversion element 1 formed of a wedge-shaped light scattering guide.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment in which the present invention is applied to spotlight type illumination.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a typical structure of a light emitting direction correction element PR and an outline of the operation thereof. (A) shows a case where a surface having a large number of prism surfaces formed in a row is used as a light incident surface, and (b) shows a case where a surface having a large number of prism surfaces formed in a row is used as a light extraction surface. ing.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment in which a wall washer type illumination and a spotlight type illumination are simultaneously realized by a single light source by a ceiling embedded type arrangement.

FIG. 11 shows a fourth example in which bidirectional wall washer type illumination light is obtained by using a single collimating beam conversion element.

12 is a diagram showing a structure in which the collimating beam converting element in the structure shown in FIG. 11 is replaced with a rotating wedge-shaped light scattering guide, and 2
A fifth embodiment is shown in which the wall-washer type illumination light is obtained by replacing the straight tubular fluorescent lamp of the book with a single annular fluorescent lamp.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a sixth embodiment in which spotlight type illumination light is obtained by using the structure shown in FIG. 12 together with a light emitting direction correcting element in which concentric prism rows are formed.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a seventh embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a floor washer type illumination.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing an eighth embodiment of providing wall washer type illumination by the wall embedded arrangement to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a ninth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a non-embedded type arrangement.

FIG. 17 shows a tenth embodiment in which the present invention is applied to limited illumination in an OA room to prevent glare on a display screen.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1'Parallelizing element 2, 2'Light incident surface 3, 3'Light extraction surface 4, 4'Back surface 5, 5 ', R, R', R "Reflector or reflective foil 6 Thinnest part 7, 9 Air layer 10, 10 'Illumination area to illumination range 11 Lid member 12 Housing that also serves as a reflector AX Rotation axis BS Floor CL CL Ceiling DP, DP' Display FL Appreciation flower FN Indoor equipment J1, J2, J1 ', J2 ', H1, H2, H1', H2 'Prism surface KY, KY' Keyboard L Fluorescent lamp L, L'Fluorescent lamp L1-L9 Incandescent lamp LS lens M1 Mirror surface or reflective surface M2 Curved reflector PC Painting PR Light emission direction modification Element PS, PS 'Operator R, R', R "Reflector (Deleted) RC Recessed portion SL Cylindrical body SP Hanging member WL Wall surface

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yasuhiro Koike 534-23 Ogamachi, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Takayuki Arai 2-3-1 Namiki, Kawaguchi City, Saitama Enplus Inc. (72) Inventor Hattori Kotoi 1-4-5 Kamemaedu, Naka-ku, Aichi Prefecture, within Hayashi Telempu Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Eisaburo Higuchi, 2-9-29 Hiratsuka, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Within Nitto Juushi Kogyo Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] ^1. The value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter E [cm ⁻¹ ] is in the range of 0.5 ≦ E ≦ 50, and the correlation function γ (r) of the non-uniform refractive index structure that produces the light scattering power is γ ( r) = ex
The value of the correlation distance a [μm] when approximated by p [−r / a] (where r is the distance between two points in the light scattering guide) is 0.06.
A collimating light-beam converting element comprising a light-scattering light guide including a volume region having a uniform scattering power in the range of ≦ a ≦ 35, and arranged to face at least one end face of the parallel light-beam converting element. An illumination target area selective illuminating device comprising a light supply means. 2. The value of the effective scattering irradiation parameter E [cm ⁻¹ ] is in the range of 0.5 ≦ E ≦ 50, and the correlation function γ (r) of the non-uniform refractive index structure that produces the light scattering power is γ ( r) = ex
The value of the correlation distance a [μm] when approximated by p [−r / a] (where r is the distance between two points in the light scattering guide) is 0.06.
A parallel light flux forming element comprising a light-scattering light guide including a volume region having a wedge-shaped cross section having a uniform scattering power within a range of ≦ a ≦ 35, and the wedge-shaped cross section of the parallel light flux converting element. An illumination target area selective illuminating device comprising: a light supply unit arranged so as to face an end face having a relatively large cross-sectional area. 3. The light emitting direction correcting means for correcting the direction characteristic of the emitted light beam is provided so as to face the light extraction surface of the parallel light beam conversion element. Illumination area selective lighting device.