JPH08149924A - Method for supplying calcium supplying agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To increase yield of farm products having excellent qualities by spraying a calcium supplying agent at the foot of a plant body, etc., efficiently supplying the calcium supplying agent and allowing to be absorbed into the plant body. CONSTITUTION: This method for supplying a calcium supplying agent is to spray the calcium supplying agent containing (A) 1-10wt.% (based on the calcium supplying agent) calcium compound such as a chelate calcium, a calcium salt of an organic acid, etc., and (B) 1-10wt.% compound, promoting calcium absorption such as a plant extract, a fatty acid sucrose ester, etc., as effective ingredients to stems and/or leaf axils of the plant and supply the calcium supplying agent.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for replenishing a calcium supplement from the stem and / or axillary part of a plant, which is capable of efficiently replenishing vegetables, fruit trees, flowers or lawns with a calcium component. It is intended.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the agricultural field, there has been a demand for chemicals for producing high-yield and high-quality crops.
Calcium, a component of fertilizer, plays a very important role in improving the quality of crops.

Plants absorb calcium from the roots and distribute it into the body through conduits. It is known until now that calcium has the following functions.

(1) It is involved in the activity of enzymes inside cells and the maintenance of the structure of the nuclear matrix.

(2) It is involved in the permeability of ions and solutes in the cell membrane.

(3) Maintains tissue structure by binding with cell membrane wall components.

(4) Detoxify by forming salts with metabolites such as organic acids in vacuoles.

(5) It is involved in information transmission as a constituent of calmodulin.

[0009] Once calcium is taken up by plant tissue, it is fixed at the site, and even if calcium is deficient in other parts of the plant, it is almost never transferred from the fixed site to the deficient tissue. Absent. Therefore, in a plant body, especially in a portion where the growth is vigorous, which requires calcium, calcium deficiency is more likely to occur.

[0010] For example, in tomatoes and peppers, calcium absorbed from the roots travels to the leaves by transpiration, but calcium deficiency may occur in fruits during fruit enlargement. In this case, cells due to calcium deficiency Collapse occurs, which leads to a decrease in the yield of tomatoes and peppers and a decline in quality, which leads to a significant decrease in the income earned by producers.

[0011] Among the agricultural products, the disorders that are considered to be caused by calcium deficiency are bottom rot of tomato and peppers in vegetables, core rot of celery, Chinese cabbage and cabbage, brown core rot of Japanese radish, turnip shark. There are dermatosis, chip burn such as lettuce and strawberries, and tulip neck fracture in flowers.

[0012] In addition, as an effect of improving the quality of agricultural products by applying calcium, in addition to improving the storage quality of soft fruits such as strawberries, preventing the peeling of Mandarin oranges, improving the storage capacity and sweetness of pears, apples, etc. It has been recognized that the improvement of trampling resistance, etc.

As is clear from the above facts, it is extremely important to supplement the agricultural products with calcium components.

In order to supply calcium to agricultural crops, a so-called "foliar spray" method is generally used in which the leaves are deficient in calcium and sprayed in the form of a mist.

Examples of calcium agents currently used in the above method include inorganic salts such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, organic salts such as calcium acetate, calcium formate and calcium propionate, and chelate salts such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate calcium. Are known.

However, these calcium agents are
When applied by the conventional method, the absorption efficiency from the leaf surface is not necessarily high.

[0017]

In view of the present situation, the present inventors have tried to develop a calcium supplement having good absorption efficiency and not causing phytotoxicity to the crop body, and succeeded in its development. Patent application 234564, 1993 patent application 2345
Patent applications were filed as No. 65 and 1993 Patent Application No. 234566. While further research is being conducted on the above-mentioned calcium supplement, there are cases where a calcium supplement effect is exhibited or almost no calcium supplement effect is exhibited when a foliar spray test is performed using the calcium supplement. Was confirmed. Therefore, as a result of investigating the cause,
The cause was found to be in the method of applying the calcium supplement, and the following findings were obtained.

When the calcium supplement is applied by the conventional foliar application fertilizer application method, the calcium ions absorbed from the leaf surface (both front and back) of the plant hardly move from the absorbed leaf. For this reason, most of the calcium used by plants was supplemented from the roots. However, it has been discovered that the site that absorbs calcium in an amount equal to or greater than the amount absorbed from the root is the stem or the axillary region (the base of the petiole). In particular, the absorption of calcium from the axilla greatly exceeds the absorption from roots, and the absorbed calcium rapidly moves to the upper part.

That is, when applying a calcium supplement for the purpose of supplementing plants with calcium, unlike general fertilizer components, the spraying agent is not sprayed on the surface (both front and back) of the plant, but the spraying agent is used. It has been found that a person skilled in the art can find a surprising fact that the absorption of calcium is extremely good if it is applied to the axillary portion or the axillary portion (base of petiole). The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for supplying a calcium supplement, which comprises applying the calcium supplement to the stem and / or axillary part of a plant.

The calcium supplement used in the present invention is
It contains (a) a calcium compound and (b) a substance that promotes absorption of calcium as active ingredients.

As the calcium compound which is the component (a) of the above calcium supplement, conventionally known calcium agents can be widely used. For example, chelated calcium (for example, polyaminocarboxylic acid such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxycarboxylic acid such as citric acid). Acid, amino acids such as glycine, chelate compounds of calcium with organic substances such as polypeptides, polycarboxylic acids, phytic acid) and calcium salts of organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, and lactic acid, and inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Examples thereof include calcium salts and the like, and those containing these as the main components. In addition, fertilizers containing calcium such as bone meal, egg shells and shells may be used.

Examples of the substance that promotes the absorption of calcium, which is the component (b) of the calcium supplement, include plant extracts, zinc compounds, sucrose fatty acid esters, etc. These may be used alone or in combination with 2 More than one species can be used together.

The plant extract contains at least one selected from pentose and its derivatives. Pentose and its derivatives are plants rich in pentosan in hemicellulose, for example, plants (straw such as rice and wheat, corn cores, etc.), seed husks (cotton seeds, sunflower seeds, grains, etc.) and wood (mainly hardwood). ) Etc. The plant extract of the present invention is obtained by a conventionally known method, for example, (1) pentose-rich pulp is crushed, potassium hydroxide is added, and the mixture is heated if necessary to decompose it, and then a normal acid such as acetic acid is used. A method of neutralizing and collecting the filtrate as a plant extract,
(2) A method in which potassium hydroxide is added to rice straw, wheat straw, etc., and the mixture is heated to decompose as necessary, then neutralized with a mineral acid, and the filtrate is fractionated as a plant extract, (3) The seed coat can be easily obtained by adding sulfuric acid to the seed coat, thermally decomposing it, neutralizing it with slaked lime, and collecting the filtrate as a plant extract.

As the zinc compound, conventionally known compounds can be widely used. For example, chelate zinc (eg, polyaminocarboxylic acid such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, oxycarboxylic acid such as citric acid, amino acid such as glycine, polypeptide, polycarboxylic acid). Examples thereof include chelate compounds of zinc with organic substances such as acids and phytic acid), zinc salts of organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and lactic acid, and zinc salts of inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.

As the sucrose fatty acid ester, conventionally known ones can be widely used. For example, an ester of sucrose with a long-chain saturated or unsaturated fatty acid such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linoleic acid. Can be mentioned. Such sucrose fatty acid ester has a function of improving the permeability of calcium into the plant body.

The ratio of the component (a) and the component (b) to be contained in the calcium supplement is not particularly limited, but in the calcium supplement, the component (a) usually has a calcium concentration of 0. It may be contained in an amount of about 1 to 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 10% by weight. In addition, the component (b) is usually 0.1 to 15 in the calcium supplement.
The content is preferably about 1% by weight, preferably about 1 to 10% by weight.

Further, in the present invention, a general calcium supplement containing the above-mentioned calcium compound and other known calcium supplements can be used.

It is desirable that a compound that delays the drying of the calcium supplement adhering to the stem and / or the axilla of the plant (hereinafter referred to as "drying retarder") is blended with the above calcium supplement. As such a drying retarder, conventionally known ones can be widely used as long as they are water-soluble, and examples thereof include natural thickeners, semi-synthetic thickeners, synthetic thickeners and the like. Specifically, as natural thickeners, microorganism-derived xanthane gum and xanthor, plant-derived pectin, gum arabic and guar gum, etc., and as semi-synthetic thickeners, methylated or carboxyalkylated cellulose or starch derivatives. , Methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,
Synthetic thickeners such as hydroxyalkylated products such as hydroxymethyl cellulose are polymaleic acid salts, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate emulsions, acrylic emulsions, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride emulsions, vinylidene chloride emulsions. Etc. can be illustrated respectively.

These dry retarders are present in the calcium supplement in amounts of about 0.0001% to 5% by weight, preferably about 0.00.
It is preferable that the amount is 1 to 1% by weight. A calcium supplement containing a drying retardant improves adhesion to plants and delays drying, resulting in a significant improvement in calcium absorption efficiency. Therefore, it is extremely useful as a countermeasure against calcium deficiency. It is effective.

If necessary, the calcium supplement may further include a viscosity adjusting polymer, talc, clay, a bactericide, a dye or pigment,
It is also possible to add a third component such as an antifreezing agent.

In preparing the calcium supplement,
It is desirable to add water or a surfactant to the above-mentioned active ingredient to formulate it, because the desired effect of the present invention may be further improved. Here, as the surfactant, conventionally known surfactants such as anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant can be widely used.

When preparing the calcium supplement, the active ingredient may be mixed with a base material such as lanolin and formulated into a paste form.

In the present invention, the above calcium supplement is sprayed on the stem and / or axillary part of a plant. The spraying method is not particularly limited and can be widely applied to conventionally known methods, for example, by dissolving the calcium supplement in water, and spraying directly on the stem and / or axillary part of the plant as a solution, It is preferable to supply calcium by applying a calcium supplement to the stem and / or axillary part of the plant or by immersing the stem and / or axillary part of the plant as a solvent. Further, the calcium supplement may be attached by mixing the calcium supplement in a base material such as lanolin and applying it as a paste to the stem and / or axillary portion of the plant. Further, the above calcium replenisher is dissolved in water, and this is impregnated into a water absorbent substrate such as gauze, cloth, absorbent cotton, sponge, papers (for example, filter paper, cardboard, etc.), water absorbent resin, etc. It may be fixed to the axillary part by an appropriate method. The concentrations of the component (a) and the component (b) when the above calcium supplement is used can be appropriately selected from a wide range according to the method of use, etc., but the component (a) usually has a calcium concentration of 0.001 to 1% by weight. It is suitable that the concentration of the component (b) is about 0.001 to 1% by weight.

The timing of use of the calcium supplement depends on the crop, but it is late after the calcium deficiency occurs, and it is optimal to use it prophylactically before the onset of symptoms. It is appropriate that the use interval is normally once every 10 days to 2 weeks, but in an emergency, it should be once every 5 days to 1 week.

[0036]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method of the present invention, calcium can be favorably absorbed in the plant body.

[0037]

【Example】

Example 1 Calcium ( ⁴⁵ Ca) using a radioisotope,
Phosphate ( ³² P) absorption test Calcium and phosphate ions are essential macroelements for plants. It has been revealed that the calcium ions applied to the leaf surface of the plant hardly migrate from the applied leaf position to other leaf positions. Further, it is known that phosphate ions are transferred favorably from the applied leaf position to other leaf positions, roots and the like. For that purpose, the ability of calcium to be absorbed and transferred was examined, and the test of phosphoric acid was also conducted.

Plants used: Tomato (variety: Momotaro, Takii Seed Co., Ltd.), 4-leaf stage small plant Drug (radioactivity): ⁴⁵ CaCl ₂ : (Toho Biokelcal Co., Ltd., ICN, USA) ) And KH ₂ ( ³²
P) O ₄ : (manufactured by Toho Biokelcal Co., Ltd., ICN, USA) is used. ⁴⁵ CaCl ₂ (1 mCi / 37
MBq) is a CaCl ₂ solution of Ca 1000 ppm 1
Add ml, and add KH ₂ ( ³² P) O ₄ (1 mCi / 37M
For Bq), 1m of KH ₂ PO ₄ solution of P1000ppm
The added solution was used as a stock solution. (1000 μCi / ml) Measuring method: ⁴⁵ CaCl ₂ and KH ₂ ( ³² P) O ₄ were added to plant 1
10 μCi per individual was tested at a specific activity concentration of 1000 ppm Ca or P, respectively. Then, the movement of the isotope over time is measured by a scintillation counter and ARG is measured.
The cells were observed (autoradiograph) (1 day and 5 days later).

Application site; 1: Front leaflet of third leaf 2: Back of tip leaflet of third leaf 3: Stem (between second leaf and third leaf) 4: Axillary portion of third leaf 5: Root measurement site; growing point including fourth leaf, petiole and undeveloped leaf,
Third leaf and petiole, second leaf and petiole and first leaf and petiole, stem and root Application of ⁴⁵ Ca is 287 × 10 ⁵ cpm, application of ³² P is 12 ×
It is 10 ⁵ cpm.

The results are shown in Tables 1-5.

[0041]

[Table 1]

[0042]

[Table 2]

[0043]

[Table 3]

[0044]

[Table 4]

[0045]

[Table 5]

The following can be seen from Tables 1 to 5. ^{As for 45} Ca, there was no transfer of ⁴⁵ Ca absorbed from the front and back of the leaf to other sites, and it was revealed that ⁴⁵ Ca absorbed from the axillary site was most transferred to other sites. It was ³² P
Regarding, the absorption from the back was more than that from the front of the leaf, and the transfer of ³² P absorbed from the root to other sites was significantly higher than that from the leaves, stems and axilla. It was revealed.

Example 2 Test of effect of spraying calcium supplement to sung chrysanthemum The core rot symptom of sung chrysanthemum is said to be calcium deficiency, and especially when the market price of shun chrysanthemum during high temperature in summer is high, core rot symptom is caused. If it can be prevented, its effect will be very large.

The test conditions are as follows.

Variety: Jupiter Calcium supplement: Trade name: Calplus (containing 8% of Ca and 3% of paste derivative), 500 times diluted solution (160 ppm as Ca) manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Thickener: Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 200
ppm Number of sprays 5 times (every 10 days) Leaf spraying area: Normal leaf spraying method (spraying the spray liquid finely on the leaf surface) Axillary area: New spraying method (increasing the spray droplets) Observe the degree of core rot symptom, 0 if there is no core rot symptom, +1 for illness onset, + for slightly illness +
2, the diseased one was evaluated as +3, and the blackened one in the center was evaluated as +4. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0050]

[Table 6]

Example 3 Test for reducing bottom rot, which is a calcium deficiency symptom of tomato, Test varieties: Momotaro, Takii Seedling Co., Ltd. Cultivation method: Rockwool cultivation by pouring method Cultivation management: seedlings grown in cubic rockwool Was planted on rock wool, and then Otsuka House fertilizer (trade name,
A 1500 g / liter aqueous solution of Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. was diluted 400 times and fertilized.

Calcium supplement: Trade name: Calplus (containing 8% of Ca and 3% of paste derivative), 500 times diluted solution (160 ppm as Ca) manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. Thickener: Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 500
ppm Calcium treatment frequency: 5 times (every 10 days) Calcium treatment method: foliar spraying group sprays calcium supplements only on the tomato leaf surface, and axillary spots concentrate calcium only on axillary parts and stems In any cultivation, the calcium supplement was sprayed every 10 days from April 1 to examine the number of bottom rots and calculate the occurrence rate of bottom rot. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0053]

[Table 7]

Example 4 Test for reducing bottom rot which is a calcium deficiency symptom of tomato Test cultivar, cultivation method and cultivation management: same as in Example 3 Calcium supplement: calcium chloride and surfactant (trade name: Neugen ET- 147, manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. (160 ppm of Ca, 40 pp of surfactant)
m) Number of times of calcium treatment: 5 times (every 10 days) Calcium treatment method: A case was impregnated with the above calcium supplement, and fixed by wrapping it around the axilla or stem of tomato. Every 10 days, dried gauze was impregnated with the calcium supplement.

The application of calcium supplements is 1 from April 1
The number of bottom rots was examined every 0 days, and the bottom rot occurrence rate was calculated. Table 8 shows the results.

[0056]

[Table 8]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C05F 1/00 9356-4H 11/00 9356-4H C05G 3/00 Z 9356-4H 5/00 A 9356-4H

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for supplying a calcium supplement, which comprises applying the calcium supplement to the stem and / or axillary part of a plant.