JPH0789784A - Calcium replenishing agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a calcium replenishing agent capable of drastically improving the calcium replenishing effect on vegetables, fruit trees, flowering trees, turf, etc., without causing damage from chemicals. CONSTITUTION:This calcium replenishing agent contains a plant extract contg. at least one kind selected from pentose and its derivatives and a calcium compd. as the effective components.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a calcium supplement, and its purpose is to supplement calcium components in vegetables, fruit trees, flowers or grass.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the agricultural field, chemicals for producing high-yield and high-quality crops have been demanded. Calcium, a component of fertilizer, plays a very important role in improving the quality of crops. Plants absorb calcium from the roots and distribute it into the body through conduits. It is known until now that calcium has the following functions.

(1) It is involved in the activity of enzymes inside cells and the maintenance of the structure of the nuclear matrix.

(2) It is involved in the permeability of ions and solutes in the cell membrane.

(3) Maintains tissue structure by binding with cell membrane wall components.

(4) Detoxification is performed by forming salts with metabolites such as organic acids in vacuoles.

[0007] Once calcium is taken up by the plant tissue, it is fixed at that site, and even if calcium is deficient in other parts of the plant, it hardly migrates to the deficient tissue. For this reason, in the plant body, especially in a portion where the growth is vigorous, which requires calcium, the calcium deficiency symptoms are more likely to occur.

[0008] For example, in tomato, calcium absorbed from roots moves to leaves through transpiration, but during fruit enlargement, fruits may lack calcium, and in this case, cell deficiency due to calcium deficiency occurs. (Squashing) occurs, resulting in reduced tomato yield and reduced quality,
This will lead to a significant decrease in the income earned by producers.

[0009] Among the agricultural crops, disorders that are considered to be caused by calcium deficiency include bottom rot of tomato, core rot of celery, Chinese cabbage and cabbage, brown rot of Japanese radish, shark skin disease of turnip in vegetables. , Chip burn of lettuce and strawberries, and tulip decapitation in flowers.

In the cultivation of strawberries, (a) varieties improved and tasting tend to have soft flesh and poor shelf life. (B) Strawberries in early spring or second and third bunches have soft flesh. Various studies have been conducted to harden the pulp of strawberries in order to improve the drawbacks such as the tendency to become fragile. Thus, an attempt has been made to harden the strawberry pulp by applying calcium to improve the storability.

Furthermore, the budding skin in Satsuma mandarin is a physiological disorder that appears during maturation. A space is created between the skin and the flesh, resulting in a fruit with a swelled skin and a decrease in storability.
It causes a decrease in product value, etc. The causes of these are not yet fully clear, but it is known that they often occur when the relative humidity in the maturity period is high, the condensation period is long, and the nitrogen has a delayed effect. It has been proved that treatment with gibberellin, treatment with calcium carbonate wettable powder, etc. is effective as a measure for preventing budding, but it may cause chemical damage or the treatment effect is not always sufficient. Attempts have been made to prevent the floating skin of Satsuma mandarin orange by applying calcium.

[0012] As described above, as the effect of improving the quality of agricultural products by applying calcium, in addition to the effect of improving the storage stability of soft fruits such as strawberries and preventing the peeling of Mandarin oranges, pear,
It has been recognized that the storage stability and sweetness of apples, etc. are improved, and that the turf pressure resistance is improved.

As is clear from the above facts, it is extremely important to supplement the agricultural products with calcium components. Thus, in order to supplement calcium to agricultural products, a method of directly absorbing calcium compounds from roots and fruits or fruits has been adopted in addition to absorption of calcium compounds from roots. In particular, a so-called "foliar spray" method is generally performed in which the leaves and fruits where calcium is deficient are directly atomized and sprayed.

As the calcium agents currently used in the above method, there are known inorganic salts such as calcium chloride and calcium carbonate, organic salts such as calcium acetate, calcium formate and calcium lactate, and chelate salts such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate calcium. Has been.

However, these conventional calcium agents are not necessarily high in absorption efficiency from the leaf surface when applied by foliar application. In addition, the crop itself may cause browning of leaves, spots on fruits, and other phytotoxicity, so that the desired effects are often not obtained.

[0016]

In view of the present situation, the present inventor has conducted diligent research to develop a calcium supplement that has good absorption efficiency and does not cause phytotoxicity on the crop body.
Finally, the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention provides a calcium supplement for vegetables, fruit trees, flowers or lawns, which comprises a plant extract containing at least one selected from pentose and its derivative and a calcium compound as an active ingredient. Pertain.

The plant extract which is one component of the calcium supplement of the present invention contains at least one selected from pentose and its derivatives. Pentose and its derivatives are plants rich in pentosan in hemicellulose,
For example, it is contained in plants (straw such as rice and wheat, corn cores and the like), seed shells (cotton seeds, sunflower seeds, grains and the like) and wood (mainly hardwood). The above-mentioned plant extract of the present invention is obtained by a conventionally known method, for example, (1) pentose-rich pulp is crushed, potassium hydroxide is added, and the mixture is heated as needed to decompose it, and then a normal acid such as acetic acid is used. Neutralize,
A method for collecting the filtrate as a plant extract, (2) rice straw,
After adding potassium hydroxide to wheat straw etc. to decompose it by heating if necessary, neutralizing with mineral acid and collecting the filtrate as a plant extract, (3) adding sulfuric acid to the seed coat of rice or wheat After thermal decomposition, it can be easily obtained by a method of neutralizing with slaked lime and collecting the filtrate as a plant extract.

As the calcium compound which is another active ingredient of the present invention, conventionally known calcium agents can be widely used. For example, chelated calcium (for example, polyaminocarboxylic acid such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxycarboxylic acid such as citric acid). Acid, amino acids such as glycine, chelate compounds of calcium with organic substances such as polypeptides, polycarboxylic acids, phytic acid) and calcium salts of organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, and lactic acid, and inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Examples thereof include calcium salts and the like, and those containing these as the main components. In addition, fertilizers containing calcium such as bone meal, egg shells and shells may be used.

The above-mentioned plant extract to be contained in the calcium supplement of the present invention is not particularly limited, but usually pentose and its derivative are contained in the calcium supplement in an amount of about 0.1 to 10% by weight, Preferably, the content is about 1 to 10% by weight. The calcium compound is usually contained in the calcium supplement in a calcium concentration of about 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 10% by weight.

If necessary, the calcium supplement of the present invention further contains a viscosity adjusting polymer, talc, clay, a bactericide,
It is also possible to add a third component such as a dye / pigment and an antifreezing agent.

In preparing the calcium supplement of the present invention, the desired effect of the present invention may be further improved by adding water or a surfactant to the above-mentioned active ingredient to formulate it. So desirable. Here, as the surfactant, conventionally known surfactants such as anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant can be widely used.

There is no particular limitation in using the calcium supplement of the present invention, and conventionally known methods can be widely applied. For example, by dissolving the calcium supplement of the present invention in water, directly spraying it on the plant as a solution, attaching calcium to the plant by irrigation or coating, or immersing vegetables or fruits as a solvent to supplement calcium. Is good. Further, the calcium supplement of the present invention may be mixed in a base material such as lanolin and applied as a paste to be attached to a fruit or a fruit stem. The concentration of the pentose and its derivative and the calcium compound when the calcium supplement of the present invention is used can be appropriately selected from a wide range depending on the method of use and the like.
001 to 1% by weight, and the concentration of the calcium compound is preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

Although the timing of using the calcium supplement of the present invention varies depending on the crop, it is delayed after the occurrence of calcium deficiency, and it is optimal to use it prophylactically before the onset of symptoms. It is appropriate that the use interval is normally once every 10 days to 2 weeks, but in an emergency, it should be once every 5 days to 1 week.

When the calcium supplement of the present invention is used by spraying, it is preferable to spray it onto new leaves, leaves near the growing point, fruits, flowers, etc. in vegetables and fruit trees.

Further, when the calcium supplement of the present invention is applied to turf, it is preferable to apply it by directly spraying it or mixing it with irrigation water.

[0027]

According to the present invention, by mixing a plant extract containing at least one of pentose and its derivative with a low concentration calcium agent, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, lawns, etc. can be produced without causing chemical damage. Enables effective calcium supplementation.

[0028]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be further clarified with reference to formulation examples and test examples below. In the following, "parts" simply means "parts by weight" and "%" means "% by weight".

Formulation Example 1 9% sulfuric acid was added to rice husks and the mixture was heated and extracted at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. After this was neutralized with slaked lime, the filtrate was separated to obtain a rice husk extract. The boiling point of this extract was 103 ° C., the pH was 7.5, the odor was sweet, the shape was liquid, the color was dark brown, and the density was 1.052 g / cm ³ (20 ° C.).

This rice husk extract (39 parts), water (19 parts)
And lime nitrate dihydrate (42 parts) were mixed to obtain the calcium supplement of the present invention. The calcium concentration of such a calcium supplement is 8%. The boiling point of the replenisher is 103
° C., pH 7.0, odor sweet scent, shape liquid, color was dark brown, density of ^{1.31g / cm 3 (20 ℃)} .

Test Example 1 (Test for reducing bottom rot which is a calcium deficiency in tomato) "Momotaro" [Takii Seed Co., Ltd.] was used as a test variety. The seeds were sown on January 20, 1993 and planted on March 6. It was cultivated by rock wool cultivation in a glass room. The conventional method was used for cultivation control.

The calcium supplement of the present invention prepared in Formulation Example 1, calcium chloride or calcium formate was sprayed every 2 weeks from April 6 to determine the number of fruits set, the number of rotten fruits and the yield of fruits. investigated. In addition, young fruits were collected at the fruit enlargement stage when the bottom rot started to occur and were subjected to calcium analysis. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The "rate of bottom rot occurrence" in Table 1 is the ratio of bottom rot to all harvested fruits.

[0033]

[Table 1]

Test Example 2 (Strawberry pulp hardness increase test) An effect test for increasing the pulp hardness was carried out by treating the surface of the calcium supplement with a flesh "Ninemine" having a soft pulp.

Cultivation adopted a soil cultivation method and cultivation management adopted a conventional method. The planting was on September 21, 1992, and the harvest start date was December 18, 1992. The calcium supplement of the present invention or calcium chloride prepared in Formulation Example 1 was sprayed on the leaves. 10 days before harvesting (March 12, 1993)
Sun), 6 days before harvest (March 16, 1993), and 3 days before harvest (March 19, 1993), a total of 3 times. The harvest is
It was conducted on March 22, 1993. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

The "flesh hardness" in Table 2 is measured by measuring the 7 parts of the fruit from above the seeds in the center of the fruit using a hardness meter, excluding the highest and lowest values, and measuring the remaining 5 parts. The average value is calculated. Also, "% pain after 10 days"
Decides that the value of L-class strawberries weighing about 20 g is stacked in a plastic pack in a stack of 18 and then left for 18 days at 20 ° C. This is a survey of the ratio of what is done.

[0037]

[Table 2]

Test Example 3 (Test for Preventing Scutum Bud of Satsuma Mandarin) The calcium supplement of the present invention prepared in Formulation Example 1 and a wettable powder of calcium chloride or calcium carbonate were sprayed onto Satsuma mandarin orange before harvest, The floating skin prevention effect was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0039]

[Table 3]

Test Example 4 (Rich cut flower shelf-life effect test) It was cultivated by rock wool cultivation in a glass chamber. The variety was "Rote Rose" and the conventional method was used for cultivation management. The calcium supplement of the present invention prepared in Formulation Example 1 or calcium chloride was sprayed three times every week, and then flowers were collected. The results are shown in Table 4 below. "% Of pain after 7 days" in Table 4
Is a cut flower, and the difference in shelf life from the state of "wielding" is examined, and the ratio of those whose 20 items in one ward are judged to have no commercial value are investigated.

[0041]

[Table 4]

From the above test results, it can be seen that the calcium replenishing effect is significantly increased when the extract of the seed coat of rice or wheat is mixed with a calcium compound and applied.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 22, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0023

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

There is no particular limitation in using the calcium supplement of the present invention, and conventionally known methods can be widely applied. For example, the present invention calcium supplement is dissolved in water, directly sprayed on plants as a solution or a calcium irrigation or coating or the like is deposited on the plant, to replenish the calcium by immersing the vegetables and fruits as a solvent solution Is good. Further, the calcium supplement of the present invention may be mixed in a base material such as lanolin and applied as a paste to be attached to a fruit or a fruit stem. The concentration of the pentose and its derivative and the calcium compound when the calcium supplement of the present invention is used can be appropriately selected from a wide range according to the method of use, etc., but the pentose and its derivative are usually about 0.001 to 1% by weight, Appropriate concentration of the calcium compound is about 0.001 to 1% by weight.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A calcium supplement for vegetables, fruit trees, flowers or lawns, which comprises a plant extract containing at least one selected from pentose and its derivatives and a calcium compound as an active ingredient.