JPH0814052B2 - Three-dimensional fabric - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a three-dimensional woven fabric, and more particularly to a three-dimensional woven fabric suitable as a skeleton material of a composite material used in a connected state with each other.

[Prior Art] A large number of warp yarns z stretched in a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows, and the warp yarns z
A composite material in which a three-dimensional woven fabric made up of three types of threads, a first weft yarn y and a second weft yarn x, which are woven between columns and rows of the group in a state orthogonal to the warp yarns z, is a skeleton material, and a resin or an inorganic material is a matrix. Is expected to find wide application as a structural material for rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships and buildings. In order to use this kind of composite material in a wide range of applications,
Each member needs to be connectable like a general metal structural material. Conventionally, the joining method of the composite material member,
There are a method in which a hole is made in the composite member, a metal bushing is fitted therein, and the members are joined together by rivets, bolts and the like inserted in the metal bushing, and a method in which the members are joined together by an adhesive agent.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, when a hole for fitting a metal bushing is formed in a composite material, as shown in FIG. 16, a yarn that constitutes a three-dimensional fabric F at a portion corresponding to the hole 60. The strength of the part corresponding to the part (particularly the strength against the force in the arrow direction) is reduced because the part is cut, and in order to increase the strength of this part, the values of the length L and the width W of the part are increased. Must be
There is an inconvenience that the volume surrounding the metal bushing becomes large. In addition, if a hole is drilled after the composite material is formed, a minute crack or the like may occur depending on the finish of the machining, and the stress is likely to cause fracture, which makes it difficult to predict the strength in design. On the other hand, the latter method decomposes,
There is a problem that the assembly is difficult and the bonding strength varies due to the variation of the bonding condition.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to easily disassemble and assemble when used in a connected state and to increase the strength without increasing the volume of the connecting portion. Moreover, it is to provide a three-dimensional woven fabric suitable as a skeleton material of a three-dimensional woven fabric composite material whose strength can be easily predicted by design.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention has a solid member woven along the longitudinal direction of the warp threads z, z2 constituting the fabric at the end of the fabric. Of a three-dimensional woven fabric having a plurality of protrusions that are adjacent to each other, and forming the recesses formed by the adjacent protrusions so that the base end side of each protrusion is narrow so that the inlet has a narrowed shape. A part of the warp yarn z woven in a state of extending in the longitudinal direction is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member.

[Operation] In the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention, a plurality of protrusions in which a solid member such as a metal bushing is woven are arranged at the end of the fabric, and the three-dimensional fabric is formed into a composite material of the final product by impregnating resin or the like. When the composite materials are coupled to each other, the projections of the composite material of the coupling partner are fitted between the projections so that the projections support the forces in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. Since the warp z is wound around the outer circumference of the solid member of each protrusion, when the three-dimensional woven fabric is used as a three-dimensional woven fabric composite material in a connected state, the pulling force is applied to the connected portion. When is added, the force is carried by the warp threads z and z2. Therefore, by constructing the three-dimensional woven fabric in a state in which the number of warp threads z corresponding to the force applied to the connecting portion is wound around the solid member, the strength of the connecting portion can be secured and the volume of the portion surrounding the solid member can be reduced.

[First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the three-dimensional woven fabric F is woven in a plurality of groups of warp threads z and z2 stretched in a plurality of rows and a plurality of rows and in a state orthogonal to the warp threads z and z2 between the rows. In addition, a large number of first wefts y, y2 continuous in each column and a second continuous weft woven between the rows of the warp z, z2 group in a state orthogonal to the warp z, z2 and the first weft y, y2. x and.
At one end of the three-dimensional fabric F, a plurality of protrusions 2 in which the solid member 1 is woven are arranged so as to protrude along the longitudinal direction of the warp yarns z, z2. The solid member 1 is a metal depending on the required performance,
The three-dimensional woven fabric F is formed of a material such as ceramics or plastics and has a shape that tapers toward the main body side, and an insertion hole 1a is formed in the center thereof.
Of the warp yarns z and z2 groups, the warp yarns z forming the protrusion 2, the first weft yarns y inserted between the rows of the warp yarn z groups, and the second weft yarns x
In each case, a part thereof is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1, and the recess 3 formed by the adjacent protrusions 2 has a narrowed inlet.

Each warp z is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 in a folded manner, and half the number of warp z constituting the warp z group is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1. The first weft yarn y and the second weft yarn x are also wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 in a folded shape. Each of the two yarns to be the first weft yarn y wound around the solid member 1 is woven on both sides as independent first weft yarns y at two positions in the row of the warp z group, and the remaining one One of the folded back yarns is used as a first weft yarn y and the other is used as a warp yarn z. Further, as the second weft yarn x, the yarn wound around the solid member 1 is also folded and one is used as the second weft yarn x, and the other is the warp yarn z.
Is used as. Of the second wefts x woven into the protrusions 2, the second wefts x woven into the protrusions 2 arranged at one end are used as the second wefts x of the entire three-dimensional woven fabric F in addition to the protrusions 2. The second weft x has been cut and removed after the protrusion 2 has been woven.

When connecting the composite materials 4 formed by impregnating the three-dimensional fabric F configured as described above with a resin, the third, fourth
As shown in the figure, the projecting portions 2 of each composite material 4 are arranged so as to be fitted in the recesses 3 of the other composite material 4. And
In order to prevent separation in the up-down direction (direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 3), separation prevention plates 5 installed on both the upper and lower sides of the joint part are fixed by being inserted into the insertion holes 1a of the solid member 1. The pins 6 are connected and fixed to each other. When a tensile force is applied to the composite material 4 connected in such a state, a force that pushes the concave portion 3 against the tapered surface of the protrusion 2 acts. The decomposition prevention plate 5 can not only prevent the composite material 4 from being displaced in the vertical direction, but can also support the force of expanding the concave portion 3.
Further, since the tensile force acting on the connecting portion of the composite material 4 is carried by the warp z, the warp z effectively contributes to the strength to increase the strength of the connecting portion, and the shape of the outer peripheral portion of the solid member 1 is made compact. it can.

Next, a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned three-dimensional fabric F will be described. As shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 11, the device for weaving the three-dimensional woven fabric F performs the opening of each row of the warp z group by the warp shedding device 8 provided with a large number of healds 7 and the first weft yarn y. A weft heald 9 is used as an insertion device that is inserted between each row of the z group. Further, the warp supplying section 10 is provided with the same number of beams 10a as the number of rows of the warp z group, and the warp z is supplied for each row. In addition, the reed 21 is located between the cloth fell frame 11 and the weft heald 9 just to the right of the cloth fell frame 11 (dotted line in FIG. 9).
And a predetermined position (solid line in FIG. 9). On the side opposite to the weft heddle 9 of the cloth fell frame 11, support members 12 and 13 for supporting the solid member 1 and the like are taken in the take-up direction (first
A device (not shown) that moves to the left in FIGS. 8, 9, and 11 is provided. A weft supply unit 14 is arranged above the warp supply unit 10.

There are two types of support members 12 and 13, namely, a support member 12 that supports only one solid member 1 and a support member 13 that supports the warp yarn z2 and the first weft yarn y2 in addition to the plurality of solid members 1. One of the support members 12 is formed in a U-shape on the side surface, and a bolt 15 for supporting the solid member 1 is inserted in the vertical direction and a nut 16 is provided.
It is designed to be tightened and fixed by. The other supporting member 13 is formed in a side wall U shape as shown in FIG.
A plurality of bolts 15 for supporting the solid member 1 near the base end thereof are vertically inserted at predetermined intervals, and are fastened and fixed by a nut 16. A notch 17 corresponding to the protrusion 2 of the three-dimensional fabric F is formed in the center of the pair of upper and lower support pieces 13a near the tip thereof, and the tip ends of the respective support pieces 13a are provided with insertion holes at positions facing each other. Is formed, and the support pin 18 is removably inserted into the insertion hole. Further, hook holes 19 for hooking an additional first weft yarn y2 are formed between the respective insertion holes and at positions corresponding to the insertion holes.

When the three-dimensional fabric F is manufactured by the above-mentioned apparatus,
First, a predetermined number of warp yarns z, first weft yarns y, and one second weft yarn x are wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 in a folded manner, and each warp yarn z is inserted into the heald 7 of the warp yarn shedding device 8. As for the first weft yarn y, each end portion of the other first weft yarns y excluding one first weft yarn y is inserted into the weft heald 9 and the remaining one is folded back on the outer peripheral surface of the solid member 1. Is passed through the weft heald 9 as the first weft y, and the other is passed through the heald 7 as the warp z. One of the second wefts x folded back on the outer peripheral surface of the solid member 1 is wound around a bobbin as the second weft x and mounted on a shuttle (not shown), and the other is inserted as a warp z into the heald 7. Then, the warp z inserted in the heald 7 is prepared in a state in which it is wound around each beam 10a of the warp supply section 10 for each line, and the first weft y inserted in the heddle 9 for weft is set in the beam of the weft supply section 14. Prepare in a state of being rolled up. In this state, the second weft yarn x is manually inserted between the warp z groups in a meandering state in order from the upper side to the lower side. In this manner, the warp yarn z and the two weft yarns x and y are wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 and the weft insertion of the second weft yarn x in the first stage is completed.
As shown in FIG. 8, the solid member 1 is a supporting member for a three-dimensional loom.
The solid-supporting of 12 completes the weaving preparation work for the three-dimensional fabric. In this state, the support member 12 is arranged at a position approaching the cloth fell frame 11, the weft heald 9 is arranged at the lowered position, and the heald 7 of the warp shedding device 8 is arranged at the raised position.

From this state, after the second weft x is inserted into the opening of the lowermost warp z and the first weft y, the heald 7 is moved downward in order from the side farther from the cloth frame 11 by the operation of the warp shedding device 8. Then, the warp shed is sequentially formed step by step from the lower side of the warp z group to the upper side in sequence, and the shuttle is sequentially inserted into the warp shed so that the second weft x is inserted between the rows of the warp z group.
The reeds 21 are inserted in a state orthogonal to the above, and the reeds 21 are moved from a predetermined position to the right side position of the cloth fell, whereby the second weft yarns x are pressed against the weaving side and beating is performed. After the insertion of the second weft yarn x into the uppermost warp yarn opening is completed, the weft heald 9 is moved upward and the first weft yarn y is folded back upward and inserted between the rows of the warp yarn group z. Next, the warp shedding device 8 is actuated, the heald 7 is moved upward in order from the side close to the cloth fell frame 11, and the warp shedding is moved downward from the upper step by step and formed.
The shuttles are successively loaded into the warp shed and the second weft thread x
Are wefted in order from top to bottom and beaten. Thereafter, in the same manner, the weft insertion of the second weft yarn x and the weft insertion of the first weft yarn y are alternately performed, and the support member 12 is moved in the horizontal direction to sequentially weave the three-dimensional woven fabric F. Then, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, the weaving is interrupted in a state where the second weft x is inserted in six stages, and the warp z, the first weft y, and the second weft x are sufficiently left in the three-dimensional fabric F. Is manufactured.

Next, a plurality of (three in this embodiment) three-dimensional woven fabrics F, which are woven halfway as described above, are prepared, and each three-dimensional woven fabric F is attached to the support member 13 at the solid member 1 with bolts 15 and nuts. It is supported by 16 at a predetermined interval.
Further, a predetermined number of additional warp yarns z2 and first weft yarns y2 are set on both sides of each three-dimensional fabric F. The additional warp yarn z2 is supported in a state of being wrapped around the support pin 18 in a folded shape,
The additional first weft yarn y2 is supported while being fixed in the hook hole 19. Next, after the warp z, the first weft y, the additional warp z2 and the first weft y2 of the three-dimensional woven fabric F set on the support member 13 are inserted through the heald 7 or the weft heald 9, the warp is supplied. Beam 10a of section 10 or weft supply section 14
Wrapped around each beam. The second weft yarn x is the second weft yarn x of the three-dimensional fabric set at the end of the support member 13.
The second weft of the three-dimensional fabric set at the end is cut and removed except the part not woven into the three-dimensional fabric x
Will be used in the subsequent weaving of three-dimensional fabrics. Then, the weft heald 9 is arranged in the raised position, the heald 7 of the warp shedding device 8 is arranged in the lowered position, and the weaving preparation is completed.
The state shown in FIG.

From this state, first, the uppermost warp z, z2 and the first weft y, y2
After the second weft x is inserted into the opening of the warp, the warp shedding device 8 is actuated to move and form the openings of the warp z and z2 downward from the upper one step at a time. Is slashed and is beaten. Thereafter, the weft heald 9 is moved up and down and the shuttle is inserted into the warp opening in the same manner as described above, whereby the weft insertion of the first wefts y and y2 and the weft insertion and repulsion of the second weft x are alternately performed, and the tertiary The parts other than the protrusions 2 of the original fabric F are sequentially woven to manufacture the three-dimensional fabric F having a plurality of protrusions 2 at the ends.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the above embodiment, one first weft yarn y, y2 was inserted between each row of the warp yarns z, z2 group, whereas in this embodiment, two first weft yarns y, y2 are provided between each row of the warp yarns z, z2 group. The difference is that the first wefts y and y2 are inserted. That is, the three-dimensional woven fabric F of this embodiment is woven so that the pair of first wefts y, y2 inserted between the respective rows of the warp z, z2 group are woven so that their folded-back positions are opposite to each other, x is woven at a predetermined position while being sandwiched between each pair of first wefts y and y2. In the case of this woven structure, it is possible to deal with a finer change in the weaving width as compared with the above-mentioned embodiment, and the shape of the recess 3 can be made closer to the shape of the protrusion 2. In the fitted state in this case, the gap between the concave portion 3 and the protruding portion 2 becomes smaller as shown in FIG. 12 (b).

When weaving this three-dimensional woven fabric F, a pair of weft healds is used, and each pair of first wefts y, y2 inserted between each row of the warp z, z2 group is separately provided for each weft heald. When the wefts are inserted and moved up and down in opposite directions, the pair of first wefts y, y2 are woven so that their folded positions are opposite to each other.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and for example, the warp yarn z and the both weft yarns y and x are provided around the fixing member 1.
As shown in FIG. 13, a cloth portion having a length necessary for being wound around the solid member 1 is not simply wound around the yarn to be wound.
It is also possible to first manufacture a three-dimensional woven fabric F in which the cloth material 20 having 20a is wound around the fixing member 1 in a plurality of layers, and then use the three-dimensional woven fabric F to weave the final three-dimensional woven fabric. In the three-dimensional woven fabrics F of both the examples, the yarns forming the warp z and the two wefts y and x are simply wound around the outer periphery of the fixing member 1 in multiple layers in a state orthogonal to the axial direction of the fixing member 1. ,
The thread may be displaced in the axial direction of the fixing member 1. However, in the case of the structure in which the cloth material 20 is attached in multiple layers, the fixing member 1
Since the yarn wound around the outer peripheral portion of is fixed at a predetermined position by the weft yarn Y forming the cloth portion 20a, the shape is maintained well without moving in the axial direction of the fixing member 1.

Further, the shape of the solid member 1 woven into the protrusion 2 is preferably a tapered shape so that the protrusions 2 of the facing composite material 4 do not rattle when a tensile force is applied in the connected state. However, the composite material 4 is not limited to the tapered shape
In such a case, the protrusion 2 and the recess 3 of the composite material 4 to be connected may be fitted to each other, and may have a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. Moreover, in order to prevent the thread wound around the solid member 1 from moving in the axial direction of the solid member 1, flanges are provided at both ends of the solid member 1, a large number of grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface, As shown in FIG. 15, a thread insertion hole 1b is formed in a part of the solid member 1, and a part of the thread wound around the solid member 1 or a part of the thread added at the weaving start point is inserted into the thread insertion hole 1b.
The three-dimensional woven fabric F may be woven while being passed through. Further, the second weft yarn x is folded back from one of the warp openings by a rapier, and the three-dimensional fabric F is woven by a method in which the tip loop of the weft yarn is retained by another selvage yarn.
As the weft thread x, an independent thread may be used for each stage instead of one continuous thread.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the three-dimensional woven fabric of the present invention is formed into a composite material of the final product by impregnating a resin or the like, and the inlet is formed by a plurality of protrusions arranged at the end of the woven fabric. Since the narrowed recesses are formed, when joining the composite materials, by fitting the projections of the composite material of the coupling partner into the recesses, the force in the longitudinal direction and the width direction is applied to each projection. It is a joint member that is connected in a supported state and is easy to disassemble and assemble.
In addition, since the warp z is wound around the outer circumference of the solid member of each protrusion, when the three-dimensional woven fabric is used as a three-dimensional woven fabric composite material in a connected state, the pulling force is applied to the connected portion. When is added, the force is carried by the warp threads z and z2. Therefore, by constructing the three-dimensional woven fabric with the number of warp threads z corresponding to the force applied to the connecting portion wound around the solid member, the strength of the connecting portion can be secured and the portion surrounding the solid member can be made compact. Moreover, unlike the conventional method, since it is not necessary to perform drilling after forming a composite material, strength does not decrease due to stress concentration caused by minute cracks generated during drilling, and design strength Easy to predict.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 11 show a first embodiment embodying the present invention.
The figure is a partial plan view of a three-dimensional fabric, FIG. 2 is a side view, FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a connected state of composite materials, FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the same, and FIG. Top view of textile,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a side view of the same, FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic side views showing a weaving state, and FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a support member. FIG. 12 is a schematic side view showing a weaving state, FIG. 12 (a) is a plan view of a main part of the three-dimensional fabric of the second embodiment, and FIG. 12 (b) is a schematic plan view showing a connected state of the composite material. FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a modified example, FIGS. 14 and 15 are schematic plan views of another modified example, and FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which holes are punched in a three-dimensional fabric. Solid member 1, protrusion 2, recess 3, separation prevention plate 5, fixing pin 6, support members 12, 13, cloth member 20, cloth portion 20a, first weft yarn y,
y2, second weft x, warp z, z2, three-dimensional woven fabric F.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Asahi Goro 2-chome, Toyota-cho, Kariya city, Aichi Stock company Toyota Industries Corporation (72) Inventor Shiro Miyake 2-25-22 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo (56) References JP-A-62-170550 (JP, A) JP-A-57-133247 (JP, A) JP-A-2-221437 (JP, A) JP-A-2-221438 (JP, A) Kaisho 60-194145 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A warp (z, z2) constituting a woven fabric at an end of the woven fabric.
Has a plurality of protrusions protruding along the longitudinal direction of the solid member and woven with a solid member, and the base end of each protrusion is formed so that the shape of the recess formed by the adjacent protrusions has a narrowed inlet. A three-dimensional woven fabric in which a part of a warp (z) woven so as to have a narrow side and extending in the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional woven fabric is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member.