JPH05106140A - Production of three-dimensional woven fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a three-dimensional woven fabric capable of suppressing warpage generated in a composite material in impregnating and curing of a resin into a three-dimensional woven fabric when the three-dimensional woven fabric is used as a skeletal material to produce a composite material. CONSTITUTION:Plural warps (z) are stretched and provided as a plural layer in the direction of thickness of a woven fabric in a state extending in the longitudinal direction of woven fabric and weaving is started in state where even-numbered pairs of bias yarns are stretched and provided parallel to the warp layer so that plural bias yarn B become a pair of two layers. A bias yarn B of each pair of two layers is moved every prescribed pitch to the direction of width of woven fabric in mutually reverse direction in each bias yarn layer by a guide block 13 of a bias yarn feeder 5 arranged and provided between cloth fell position and bias yarn feed part. A vertical yarn (y) is inserted into lines of warp (z) to the direction of thickness of woven fabric on the side of bias yarn feed device 5 by crossing part of bias yarn. The moving direction of bias yarn of a pair of two layers by the guide block 13 becomes reverse direction, bounded by central face in the direction of thickness of woven.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional woven fabric, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional woven fabric having bias yarns arranged so as to be symmetrically inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional woven fabric. It is about the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A composite material in which a three-dimensional woven fabric composed of three-component yarns in X, Y and Z directions is used as a skeleton and a resin or an inorganic material is used as a matrix is a structural material for rockets, aircrafts, automobiles, ships and buildings. Wide range of applications are expected. These composite materials exhibit sufficient strength against the tensile load, compression load and bending load acting in the X, Y and Z directions, but have a large amount of deformation with respect to a force oblique to the axial direction. There are drawbacks. In order to solve this drawback, the applicant of the present invention has a structure in which, in addition to the three-component yarns in the X, Y, and Z directions, a plurality of continuous biases arranged so as to be symmetrically inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric. A three-dimensional woven fabric having two layers of bias yarn layers each made of yarn and a method for producing the same have been previously proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2-113276).
issue).

As shown in FIG. 18, this three-dimensional woven fabric F is
It consists of warp yarns z arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the fabric.
Warp layer and the longitudinal direction of the fabric in a plane parallel to the warp layer
Bias threads B arranged in a direction inclined with respect to₁, B
₂And in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state orthogonal to the warp yarn z.
Woven fabric in which the vertical yarns y arranged in a row are orthogonal to the warp yarns z.
And wefts x arranged in the width direction of
Bias thread B₁, B ₂The sequence of is always
Is the same as. That is, the upper bias yarn B₁
So that it always makes an inclination angle of + θ with respect to the warp z,
Bias thread B₂Always has an inclination angle of −θ with respect to the warp z.
They are arranged to form eggplants.

[0004]

When manufacturing a composite material using a three-dimensional woven fabric as a skeleton, the resin shrinks and heat shrinks during impregnation and curing of the resin.
At this time, if a material having a low linear expansion coefficient and high rigidity such as carbon fiber is used as the material of the three-dimensional fabric, shrinkage does not occur in the thread axis direction of each layer, and only in the direction perpendicular to the thread axis. Shrinkage occurs. Since the warp layer, the weft layer, and the bias yarn layer have different shrinking directions, a phenomenon similar to that of bimetal occurs after the resin is cured depending on the stacking order of the layers or the number of layers, and warpage or twisting occurs in the plate-shaped composite material. There is a problem that it will occur.

Further, in the conventional three-dimensional woven fabric F, a set of two layers is used.
Bias yarn B forming the ear yarn layer ₁, B₂The array of
Is always the same in the group. Therefore, the third
When manufacturing a composite material using the original fabric as the skeletal material, each yarn layer
Residual strain at the time of remaining yarn arrangement is caused by impregnation of resin into the three-dimensional fabric
・ If it occurs during curing, the residual strain of each layer will be added
There is a problem that the plate-shaped composite material is warped and twisted.
It

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to impregnate and cure a three-dimensional fabric with a resin when a composite material is produced by using the three-dimensional fabric as a skeleton material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a three-dimensional woven fabric, which is capable of producing a plate-shaped composite material that is free from warpage and twist by suppressing warpage and twist that occur in the composite material.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the present invention, a plurality of warp yarns are stretched in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the woven fabric while extending in the longitudinal direction of the woven fabric. Bias yarns are set in two layers in parallel with the warp layer and each set of bias yarns is evenly laid so as to be symmetrical with respect to the center plane in the thickness direction of the woven fabric. The bias yarn feeding device disposed between the position and the bias yarn feeding unit moves the engagement position of each pair of bias yarns in two layers in engagement with the engaging portion of the feeding device in the width direction of the fabric. Each bias yarn layer is moved by a predetermined pitch in the opposite direction, and at the bias yarn feeding device side from the intersection of the bias yarn between the cloth fell position and the bias yarn feeding device, between the rows of warp yarns in the thickness direction of the fabric. The vertical yarn is inserted into the The moving direction of the bias yarn so as to move in opposite directions as a boundary a central plane in the thickness direction of the fabric.

[0008]

The plurality of warp yarns are stretched in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state of extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and the plurality of bias yarns are parallel to the warp layer so as to form a set of two layers. In addition, weaving is started in a state where a plurality of woven fabrics are laid at symmetrical positions with the center plane in the thickness direction as a boundary. Then, the vertical yarn is inserted in the thickness direction of the fabric and the weft yarn is inserted in the width direction of the fabric, and with the insertion of the weft yarn in one cycle completed, the bias yarn is inserted in the longitudinal direction of the fabric. The work of arranging so as to be symmetrically inclined with respect to the direction is performed (in the case of a fabric having three in-plane triaxials and a total of four axials, the weft insertion operation is omitted). That is, the weft insertion of each cycle is completed, and the vertical yarns connected to the fabric being woven are arranged outside the warp group and the bias yarn group, and are arranged between the cloth fell position and the bias yarn supplying section. The bias yarn feeder which has been activated is activated. As a result, the engaging positions of the two-layer set of bias yarns that are in engagement with the engaging portion of the feeding device are moved in opposite directions by a predetermined pitch, and the bias yarns are inclined symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric. Are arranged as follows. Then, a pair of bias yarns of two layers stretched at symmetrical positions with respect to the center plane are moved in mutually opposite directions, and the bias yarn layers finally become mirror-symmetrical with respect to the center plane.

[0009]

【Example】

(First Embodiment) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

A three-dimensional loom for weaving a three-dimensional fabric is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the warp yarn supplying portion 1 and the bias yarn supplying portion 2 are provided, and the end portions of the many warp yarns z and the bias yarn B fed from the both supplying portions 1 and 2 are fixed. The support plate 3 is moved from a position close to the cloth fell frame 4 arranged at a predetermined position in a direction (leftward in FIG. 2) for pulling the three-dimensional fabric F with the progress of weaving by the action of a drive mechanism (not shown). It has become so. A bias yarn feeding device 5 is arranged between the cloth fell frame 4 and the bias yarn supplying section 2. The bias yarn supplying section 2 includes a pair of sprockets 6a and 6b arranged on a frame (not shown) that is movable in the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric F at intervals wider than the width of the three-dimensional fabric F, and both sprockets 6a. , 7b between the chains 7
And a large number of thread guides 8 equidistantly attached to the chain 7.
One of the sprockets 6a is intermittently rotated in a fixed direction in synchronization with the driving of the bias yarn feeding device 5 by a motor (not shown).
Both the sprockets 6a, 6b are arranged slightly downward so that the movement path of the chain 7 becomes lower on the cloth fell side, and the bias yarns B arranged in two layers do not interfere with each other.

The bias yarn supplying section 2 having the above-described structure is arranged in a state of being displaced in the front-rear direction in correspondence with the number of sets of the bias yarn B (only one is shown). Then, the bias yarn B having a length necessary for weaving the three-dimensional woven fabric F is inserted into the yarn guide 8 in a state where the weight 9 is hung at one end thereof, and the bias yarn B is connected to the yarn support plate 3 and the yarn guide 8. It is arranged horizontally between the two and is stretched by the yarn guide 8 so that its route is directed downward. That is, the bias yarn B is always kept in a state in which a constant tension is applied by the load of the weight 9. Further, since the bias yarn B consumes a yarn longer than the fabric length unlike the warp yarn z, the entire bias yarn supply unit 2 is moved to the cloth fell side together with the frame as the weaving progresses, so that long fabrics can be also woven. There is no problem.

The warp supplying section 1 is composed of a number of warp beams 1a corresponding to the number of warp yarns, and a number corresponding to the number of rows of warp z in each stage corresponding to the number of warp layers (five in this embodiment). The warp beam 1a is arranged in a row so that its axis extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric F, and is arranged laterally of the tension position of the bias yarn B. The warp beam 1a is urged to rotate in the winding direction of the warp z, so that a constant tension is always applied to the warp z. Then, the warp z fed from the warp beam 1a in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric F is changed by 90 degrees so that its route is directed to the cloth fell side by the warp guides 10a and 10b provided for each layer. At the same time, the distance is adjusted to the warp pitch in the three-dimensional fabric F and supplied to the cloth fell.

As shown in FIG. 3, the bias yarn feeding device 5 is arranged between the support frames 11 fixed on both sides of the warp yarn z and the bias yarn B with a stretched portion therebetween. Guide members 12 are fixed between the support frames 11 at predetermined intervals so as to extend in the width direction of the fabric, and guide grooves 12a (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) extending in the longitudinal direction are formed on opposing surfaces of each guide member 12. Are formed. Between each of the guide members 12, a number of guide blocks 13 corresponding to the number of sets of bias yarns B are accommodated in upper and lower two stages so as to be slidable along the guide grooves 12a. The guide block 13 is formed to have a width equal to the bias yarn pitch in the three-dimensional fabric F, and the pipe 14 into which the bias yarn B is inserted is inserted and fixed in the center of the guide block 13 with one end protruding to the cloth fell side. ing.

As shown in FIG. 3, the support frame 11 has guide rods 15a, 16 extending upward and downward corresponding to both ends of each guide member 12 in the longitudinal direction of the guide member 12.
The support brackets 15 and 16 having a are fixed, and the support brackets 15 and 16 have blocks 17a and 17b,
18a, 18b, 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b are movably supported along the guide rods 15a, 16a. Each block 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b,
19a, 19b, 20a, 20b are air cylinders 21
a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 23a, 23b, 24
By a and 24b, it is possible to reciprocate more than the bias yarn pitch. Upper blocks 17a, 18a, 19
a, 20a fixed to the air cylinder 25, 26, 2
The upper ends of actuating members 29, 30, 31, 32 extending in the vertical direction are connected to the piston rods 7, 28, and the lower side of the actuating members 29, 30, 31, 32 is the lower block 17.
It is fitted in the guide groove formed in b, 18b, 19b, and 20b. That is, each operating member 29, 30, 3
1, 32 are moved up and down by the operation of the air cylinders 25, 26, 27, 28, and the air cylinders 21a, 21b, 22
It is moved laterally by the operation of a, 22b, 23a, 23b, 24a, 24b.

A plurality of (three in this embodiment) engaging bars 29a and 31a extending in the horizontal direction are provided on the operating members 29 and 31 below the center of the bias yarn feeding device 5 on both sides of each guide member 12. The grooves 12b are fixed in positions corresponding to the arrangement positions of the guide blocks 13 in the formed grooves 12b. A plurality of (three in this embodiment) engaging bars 30a and 32a extending horizontally are formed on both sides of each guide member 12 on the operating members 30 and 32 above the center of the bias yarn feeding device 5. The guide blocks 13 are fixed in the grooves 12b at positions corresponding to the arrangement positions of the guide blocks 13. Engaging bars 29a, 30a, 31
A guide block 13 and a recess 33 engageable with the guide block 13 are formed at the tips of the a and 32a. The engagement bars 29a, 30a, 31a, 32a have the recesses 33 at the bottom when the piston rods of the air cylinders 25, 26, 27, 28 for driving the respective actuating members 29, 30, 31, 32 are arranged in the projecting position. Guide block 13
Correspondingly, when the piston rod is placed in the retracted position, the recess 33 is fixed to each of the operating members 29, 30, 31, 32 so as to correspond to the upper guide block 13.
In the reference state, five guide blocks 13 arranged in the upper and lower two stages by the same number (six in the figure) face each other, and one at each end is displaced. In addition, the guide groove 12a of the guide member 12 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, a restricting portion 12c that restricts the guide block 13 from moving more than necessary is provided in a protruding manner.

A warp guide pipe 34 for guiding the warp z is arranged on each of the guide members 12 and is vertically aligned with the pipe 14 projecting from the guide block 13 and has one end protruding to the cloth fell side. It is fixed in the state. An opening bar 35 is provided below the warp guide pipes 34 on the front side (the cloth fell side) of each of the guide members 12 (excluding the lowermost one).
An accommodating portion 36 for accommodating the is formed along the longitudinal direction of the guide member 12.

As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of support frames 37 are disposed outside the actuating members 29 and 32, and the support frame 37 has an opening bar 35 as shown in FIGS.
Guide holes 38a, 38b are formed for guiding between the standby position in the accommodating portion 36 and the working position in front of the pipe 14 where the warp yarn z and the bias yarn B are engaged. The three guide holes 38a formed on the upper side are substantially composed of a horizontal portion horizontally extending forward from the tip of the pipe 14 in a state corresponding to the accommodating portion 36, and a vertical portion extending upward from the end portion at a right angle. L-shaped, 3 formed on the lower side
The individual guide holes 38b are formed symmetrically with the guide holes 38a. Both ends of each opening bar 35 are supported in a state of penetrating the guide holes 38a and 38b and projecting to the outside of the support frame 37. The projecting portion of the opening bar 35 is hooked at the other end of a tension spring 40, which is hooked at a hooking pin 39 projecting from the outer rear portion of the support frame 37, so that the opening bar 35 is always accommodated in the accommodating portion 36. It is urged to move to the side.

A pair of air cylinders 41 and 42 are fixed to the upper sides of both support frames 37, and the operating plates 43 and 42 are attached to the piston rods of the air cylinders 41 and 42, respectively.
44 are connected so as to extend in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 4, one operating plate 43 is formed with a recess 43a opened rearward at a position corresponding to the upper three guide holes 38a, and at a position corresponding to the lower guide hole 38b. An engagement groove 43b engageable with the opening bar 35 is opened rearward, and the guide groove 38b is equally spaced from the engagement groove 43b.
Individually formed. The other operating plate 44 is provided with a recess 44a that is open rearward at a position corresponding to the three lower guide holes 48b, and the upper guide hole 3 is formed.
8a, three engaging grooves 44b that can engage with the opening bar 35 are opened rearward, and three engaging grooves 44b are formed at equal intervals with the guide holes 38a. Both working plates 43, 4
4 is an engagement groove 43 by the operation of the air cylinders 41, 42.
The b and 44b are vertically moved between a position facing the horizontal portions of the guide holes 38a and 38b and a position facing the ends of the vertical portions of the guide holes 38a and 38b. Figure 3
As shown in FIG. 5, the air cylinder 41 for one of the operating plates 43 is always held with the piston rod retracted, and is projectingly operated when the opening bar 35 is placed in the opening position. Further, the air cylinder 42 for the other actuating plate 44 is always held in a state where the piston rod is projected, and is retracted when the opening bar 35 is placed in the opening position.

As shown in FIG. 6, a pair of upper and lower support brackets 45 are fixed to the outside of the support frame 37, and two guide rods 46 are supported in parallel between the support brackets 45. A support 47 is slidably supported by the guide rod 46, and a belt 50 wound around pulleys 48 and 49 is fixed to the support 47 so as to be integrally movable. An air cylinder 51 is fixed to the support 47, and a tip end of a piston rod of the air cylinder 51 is engaged with an end portion of an opening bar 35 standing by in the accommodating portion 36 when the air cylinder 51 operates. 35 for guide hole 38
An engaging member 51a for pressing and moving to the front ends of the horizontal portions of a and 38b is fixed. The pulley 48 is rotated in both forward and reverse directions by a drive unit (not shown), so that the support 47 moves toward the pulley 4
8 rises at the time of normal rotation and descends at the time of reverse rotation, and the engaging member 51a of the air cylinder 51 is moved to a position corresponding to a predetermined opening bar 35.

Between the cloth fell frame 4 and the bias yarn feeding device 5, the vertical yarn y fed from the vertical yarn supplying portion 52 is moved up and down, and at each position behind the intersection of the bias yarn B, each row of the warp z group. A vertical thread insertion device 53 is provided which has the function of inserting it inside. As shown in FIG. 7, the vertical thread insertion device 53 has a vertically extending guide rod 54 supported via a bracket 55 at an upper position corresponding to approximately the center of the cloth fell frame 4 and the bias thread feeding device 5. .. A support bracket 56 is slidably supported on the guide rod 54 by the action of a piston rod 57a of a cylinder 57. A support rod 58 is fixed to the tip of the support bracket 56 so as to be slightly inclined downward from the cloth fell side toward the bias yarn feeding device 5 side, and a vertical yarn insertion tool 59 is supported by the support rod 58. When the vertical thread insertion tool 59 is arranged at the vertical thread insertion position, a pressing portion 60a extending in the thickness direction of the fabric near the cloth fell position is formed up to the lower side of the cloth, and is continuous with the pressing portion 60a from the cloth fell side. A plurality of vertical yarn insertion pieces 60 each having a guide portion 60b extending obliquely downward and forward toward the bias yarn feeding device 5 side, and slidably supported along the support rod 58 and each vertical yarn insertion piece 60. The base end of the support body 61 is fixed at substantially the same pitch as the pitch of the bias yarn B in the fabric. An air cylinder 62 is fixed to the support bracket 56, and a support body 61 is connected to a piston rod of the air cylinder 62. The vertical thread insertion tool 59 is moved to the vertical thread insertion position and the standby position by the operation of the cylinder 57, and is moved to the cloth fell side at the vertical thread insertion position by the operation of the air cylinder 62. In addition, the vertical thread y is attached to the tip of the vertical thread insertion piece 60.
And a through hole 64 through which an auxiliary bar (not shown) used when tightening the vertical yarn y is inserted.

As shown in FIG. 1, a vertical yarn tightening device 65 is arranged between the vertical yarn supplying portion 52 and the vertical yarn inserting device 53. The vertical thread tightening device 65 includes a pair of guide bars 66 arranged at predetermined positions, a tightening bar 67 arranged between both guide bars 66 and moved downward by a drive device (not shown), and a vertical thread tightening device at the time of tightening operation. It is composed of a brake (not shown) that presses and holds the vertical yarn y between itself and the guide bar 66 on the supply side of the yarn y. The tightening bar 67 absorbs the slack of the vertical thread y from the vertical thread supply section 52 to the cloth fell by its own weight except when the tightening operation is performed. Further, on one side corresponding to between the cloth fell frame 4 and the bias yarn feeding device 5, a vertical yarn y continuous from the yarn guide hole 63 of the vertical yarn insertion piece 60 to the cloth fell is engaged, and Engaging rods 68 and 69 movable to guide y to extend in the vertical direction from the cloth fell are movable to a working position intersecting the warp layer and a standby position retracted from a position corresponding to the warp layer. It is arranged.

A weft insertion device 70 for inserting the weft yarn x between the warp layer and the vertical yarn y or between the warp layer and the bias yarn layer is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. The weft insertion device 70 includes a weft insertion rapier 72 that guides the weft x continuous from the three-dimensional fabric F to the weft supply portion 71 in parallel with the cloth fell position. The weft insertion rapier 72 is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric. Warp layers which are supported on a support plate (not shown) which is rotated about a support shaft which is horizontally provided in the state of being formed and which requires the insertion of the weft yarn x formed by the operation of the opening device. It is arranged by rotating the support plate at a position corresponding to the opening of the bias yarn layer.

Next, the weaving action of the three-dimensional woven fabric by the device configured as described above will be described. First, the feeding action of the bias yarn B by the bias yarn feeding device 5 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, in the reference state, the lower step is set in the recess 33 of the engaging bar 30a fixed to one of the operating members 30 and 32 for operating the upper three sets of the guide blocks 13 for bias yarns. One of the guide blocks 13 of the engaging bar 32 fixed to the other actuating member 32.
One of the upper guide blocks 13 is accommodated in the recess 33 of a. Further, one of the upper guide blocks 13 is provided in the concave portion 33 of the engaging bar 29a fixed to one of the operating members 29, 31 for operating the lower three sets of guide yarns 13 for bias yarns. However, one of the lower guide blocks 13 is accommodated in the recess 33 of the engaging bar 31a fixed to the other actuating member 31.

The operation of the guide block 13 for the bias yarn above the center of the three-dimensional fabric will be described with reference to FIG.
From the reference state shown in (a), the air cylinders 26 and 28 are operated so that one operating member 30 moves upward together with the engaging bar 30a, and the other operating member 32 moves downward together with the engaging bar 32a. The guide block 13 in the engagement state with the engagement bars 30a and 32a is also moved to the state shown in FIG. 8B. Next, the air cylinders 24a and 24b are actuated and the other actuating member 32 is moved outward (to the left in FIG. 8B),
The engagement state between the recess 33 of the engagement bar 32a and the guide block 13 is released, and the state shown in FIG. 8C is obtained. At this time, the movement of the guide block 13 that is in the engaged state with the recess 33 is restricted by the restricting portion 12c, so that the engaging bar 32a.
The engagement of the recess 33 and the guide block 13 is surely released by the movement of. Thereafter, the air cylinder 28 is operated, the operation member 32 is moved upward again, and the engagement bar 3
The concave portion 33 of 2a corresponds to the upper guide block 13 and is in the state of FIG. 9 (a).

From this state, the air cylinders 22a, 22
b, 24a, and 24b operate in a synchronized state, and one operating member 30 is moved outward and the other operating member 32 is moved inward by the width of the guide block 13. As a result, each guide block 13 in the lower stage is moved to the right side in FIG. 9A by the pressing force of the other engaging bar 32a, and the guide block 13 arranged in one end in the upper stage.
9 is released from the engagement with the recess 33 of the engagement bar 30a.
The state shown in FIG. Next, the air cylinder 26 is actuated, and the actuating member 30 is moved down to the position where the recess 33 of the engaging bar 30a corresponds to the lower guide block 13, and the state shown in FIG. 9C is obtained. From this state, the air cylinders 22a and 22b are actuated, the actuating member 30 is moved inward, and the upper guide blocks 13 are moved to the left side in FIG. 9C by the pressing force of the engagement bar 30a. Then, the guide block 13 arranged at the other end of the upper stage is engaged with the recess 33 of the engaging bar 32a, and the guide block 13 disposed at one end of the lower stage is engaged with the recess 33 of the engaging bar 30a. After returning to the state of (a), one lateral movement of the bias yarn B for one pitch is completed. Similarly, the guide block 13 is cyclically moved in a predetermined direction along a loop-shaped moving path, and the lateral feeding operation of the bias yarn B is sequentially performed. Then, in synchronization with the lateral feeding operation of the bias yarn B by the operation of the bias yarn feeding device 5, the bias yarn feeding unit 2
The chain 7 is driven, and the yarn guides 8 through which the bias yarns B are inserted are moved in the same direction as the guide blocks 13 move. Therefore, twisting (interlacing) does not occur in the path of each bias yarn B from the yarn guide 8 through the guide block 13 to the cloth fell.

On the other hand, the operation of the guide block 13 for the bias yarn below the center of the three-dimensional fabric will be described. From the reference state shown in FIG.
5, 27 actuate and one actuating member 29 engages the engagement bar 29a.
And the other operating member 31 moves downward with the engaging bar 31a.
At the same time, the guide blocks 13 are moved upward by a distance equal to the height of the guide blocks 13, and the guide blocks 13 engaged with the engagement bars 29a and 31a are also moved to the state shown in FIG. 10 (b). Next, the air cylinders 21a and 21b are actuated and one actuating member 29 is moved outward (to the right in FIG. 10B), and the engagement state between the recess 33 of the engagement bar 29a and the guide block 13 is released. The state shown in FIG. After that, the air cylinder 25 is actuated, the actuating member 29 is moved upward again, and the recess 33 of the engaging bar 29a is formed.
11 is in the state of FIG. 11A corresponding to the upper guide block 13.

From this state, the air cylinders 21a, 21
b, 23a, and 23b operate in a synchronized state, one operating member 29 is moved inward, and the other operating member 31 is moved outward by the width of the guide block 13. As a result, the lower guide blocks 13 are engaged with the engaging bars 29a.
11A is moved to the left side of FIG. 11A, and the engagement between the guide block 13 arranged at the other end of the upper stage and the recess 33 of the engagement bar 31a is released, and the guide block 13 is released.
The state shown in FIG. Next, the air cylinder 27 is actuated, the actuating member 31 is moved down to the position where the recess 33 of the engaging bar 31a corresponds to the lower guide block 13, and the state shown in FIG. 11C is obtained. From this state, the air cylinders 23a and 23b are actuated to move the actuating member 31 inward, so that the upper guide blocks 13 are engaged with the engaging bar 31.
It is moved to the right side in FIG. 11C by the pressing force of a.
Then, the guide block 13 arranged at one end of the upper stage engages with the recess 33 of the engaging bar 29a, and the guide block 13 arranged at the other end of the lower stage engages with the recess 33 of the engaging bar 31a.
The state of FIG. 10 (a) in which the bias yarn B is engaged is returned to complete one lateral movement of the bias yarn B for one pitch. In the same manner, the guide block 13 is circulated in the loop-shaped movement path in the opposite direction to the guide block 13 for the bias yarn above the center of the three-dimensional fabric, and the lateral movement operation of the bias yarn B is sequentially performed.

The bias yarn B stretched above the center of the three-dimensional fabric in the thickness direction by the above-mentioned operation has an engaging portion with the guide block 13 at one end in the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric F (one operation). The member 30 side) is moved from the lower layer to the upper layer side, and the other end (the other actuating member 32 side) is moved from the upper layer to the lower layer side, and the upper layer and the lower layer are moved in respective opposite directions. The bias yarn B stretched below the center of the three-dimensional fabric in the thickness direction.
Is moved from the upper layer to the lower layer at one end in the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric F (on one operation member 29 side) while the other end (the other operation member 3 is engaged).
(1 side), it is moved from the lower layer to the upper layer side, and in the upper layer and the lower layer, they are moved in the opposite fixed directions. Therefore, the bias yarns B constituting a set of two layers of bias yarns are arranged in a state in which each layer has an inclination in one direction, and are arranged in mirror symmetry with the center plane in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional fabric as a plane of symmetry. It

Next, the operation of the opening device will be described. In the opening device, in the standby state, the engagement grooves 43b and 44b of the respective operation plates 43 and 44 have the guide holes 38 of the support frame 37.
a, 38b are arranged at positions corresponding to the horizontal portions, and as shown in FIG. 4, the opening bar 35 is engaged with the rear end of the horizontal portions of the guide holes 38a, 38b by the action of the tension spring 40, that is, the accommodating portion. It is held at the standby position housed in 36. The piston rod of the air cylinder 51 for moving the opening bar 35 in the horizontal direction is held in a retracted state, and the engaging member 51a is arranged at a position where it cannot engage with the opening bar 35. From this state, the drive device of the support body 47 is driven, and the support body 47 is moved to a position corresponding to the opening bar 35 (third from the bottom) desired to be moved to the opening position. Next, the air cylinder 51 is operated and the piston rod is projected, and the engaging member 51a engages with the opening bar 35 to pull the opening bar 35 against the biasing force of the tension spring 40 and correspond to the front end of the horizontal portion of the guide hole 38b. Move to the position you want. As a result, the opening bar 35 escapes from the accommodating portion 36 and is moved to a position forward of the tips of the pipe 14 and the warp guide pipe 34 to be in engagement with the bias yarn B and the warp z. Next, the air cylinder 41 is actuated, the actuation plate 33 is moved downward, and the opening bar 35 is moved downward along the vertical portion of the guide hole 38b. As the opening bar 35 moves downward, the bias yarn B and the warp yarn z engaged with the opening bar 35 are pushed downward,
An opening is formed by expanding the gap between the bias yarn layer and the warp yarn layer above the opening bar 35. Then, the operation plate 43 is held at the position until the weft insertion device 70 completes the insertion of the weft x into the opening.

After the insertion of the weft yarn x into the opening is completed, the air cylinder 41 is operated and the operating plate 43 is moved up to a position where the engaging groove 43b corresponds to the horizontal portion of the guide hole 38b. With the movement of the operation plate 43, the opening bar 35 rises along the vertical portion of the guide hole 38b and moves to a position corresponding to the horizontal portion of the guide hole 38b,
The engagement groove 43b of the operation plate 33 is brought into a state corresponding to the horizontal portion of the guide hole 38b. Then, the air cylinder 51
Is actuated to pull in the piston rod, and the engaging member 5
1a returns to the retracted position where it cannot engage with the opening bar 35, and the urging force of the tension spring 40 causes the opening bar 35 to move.
Is moved to the rear end of the horizontal portion of the guide hole 38b while being engaged with the engaging member 51a, and returns to the standby position accommodated in the accommodating portion 36. Then, the support 47 is moved to a position corresponding to the opening bar 35 to be operated next.

Further, when the opening bar 35 engaged with the upper guide hole 38a is moved to the opening position, the opening bar 35 is first moved by the action of the engaging member 51a in the same manner as described above. It is moved to the front end, and in that state, the operation plate 44 is moved upward by the operation of the air cylinder 42 to move the opening bar 35 upward along the vertical portion of the guide hole 38a. Then, when the operation plate 44 is moved down after the insertion of the weft thread x into the opening is completed,
The opening bar 35 returns to the original standby position by the action of the tension spring 40.

Next, the weaving procedure will be described with reference to FIGS. (For the sake of clarity, the numbers of the warp yarns z and the bias yarns B and the thickness of the three-dimensional woven fabric F are different from those in FIG. 7.) At the start of weaving of the three-dimensional woven fabric F, the yarn support plate 3 is used as the cloth fell frame. 4, the warp z fed from the warp beam 1a is stopped on the yarn support plate 3 via the warp guides 10a and 10b and the warp guide pipe 34 attached to the guide member 12 of the bias yarn feeder 5. It is set to be worn. Also, each set of two layers of bias yarn B is set in a state of being fixedly attached to the support plate 3 through the yarn guide 8 of the bias yarn supplying section 2 and the pipe 14 of the guide block 13 of the bias yarn feeding device 5. The warp yarn z and the bias yarn B have a widthwise interval equal to the warp yarn pitch and the bias yarn pitch in the three-dimensional woven fabric F, respectively, and the thickness direction of the three-dimensional woven fabric F is centered on the center of the cloth fell frame 4. The bias yarn feeding device 5 is set so as to spread substantially symmetrically on both upper and lower sides toward the side.

In the standard state of one cycle of the weaving operation, the vertical thread insertion tool 59 is equipped with the warp thread provided on the guide member 12 in which the tip of the vertical thread insertion piece 60 is arranged at the uppermost part of the bias thread feeding device 5. It is arranged at a standby position near the upper portion of the guide pipe 34. The weft insertion device 70 is in a state in which the weft insertion rapier 72 is arranged at the standby position corresponding to the uppermost opening. Further, all the opening bars 35 are arranged at the standby position.

First, the vertical thread insertion tool 59 is moved down from the reference state, and as shown in FIG. 12A, the vertical thread insertion piece 60 is arranged at a position where its tip and the guide portion 60b reach below the warp layer. It At this time, since the tip portion of the vertical yarn insertion piece 60 moves so as to pass between the pipe 14 and the warp guide pipe 34, the vertical yarn insertion is performed even if the interval (pitch) in the width direction between the bias yarn B and the warp yarn z is narrow. The piece 60 is guided by both pipes 14 and 34 and is reliably inserted between the predetermined bias yarn B and the warp yarn z. In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, etc., the distance between the pipe 14 and the warp guide pipe 34 is shown to be considerably wider than the thickness of the vertical yarn insertion piece 60 for the sake of clarity. The pitch of the warp yarn z and the bias yarn B becomes narrower as they come in contact with the pipe 34. Further, the intersecting position of the bias yarn B is at a position far away from the cloth fell, but as the vertical yarn inserting piece 60 enters the warp layer and the bias yarn layer, the vertical yarn inserting piece 60 is inserted.
Of the guide portion 60 extending from the tip of the head toward the pressing portion 60a
Guided by b, the intersecting portion of the bias yarn B is smoothly moved to near the cloth fell.

Next, the engaging rod 68 arranged below is moved from the standby position to the vertical thread insertion piece 60 shown by the solid line in FIG. 12 (b).
It is arranged at a position where it enters between the rear portion of the tip of the yarn and the vertical yarn y that extends from the yarn introducing hole 63 to the cloth fell, and is moved horizontally from that state to the lower position of the cloth fell. As a result, the vertical yarn y is moved in an engaged state with the engaging rod 68, and is arranged in a state orthogonal to the three-dimensional fabric F. Simultaneously with the movement of the engaging rod 68, the air cylinder 62 is actuated to move the vertical thread insertion tool 59 toward the cloth fell side, and the vertical thread insertion piece 60 has a pressing portion 60a.
Is pressed to the cloth fell position, and the weft yarn x inserted in the previous weaving cycle is beaten. At this time, the intersection of the bias yarn B is surely moved to the cloth fell position. And
After beating with the vertical thread insertion piece 60, the vertical thread tightening device 6
The vertical thread y is clamped by means of 5. The vertical thread y is tightened by lowering the tightening bar 67 while the brake is pressed against the guide bar 66. When the vertical thread y is tightened, the vertical thread y is engaged with the vertical thread y to prevent the vertical thread y from being bent at a steep angle in the vicinity of the tip of the vertical thread insertion piece 60. The auxiliary bar for changing the position may be arranged at a position corresponding to the through hole 64 or the like.

Next, the cylinder 57 is operated and the vertical thread insertion device 5
9 is moved upward, and the vertical yarn insertion piece 60 returns to the standby position retracted from the warp layer as shown in FIG. 13 (a).
Further, the engaging rod 68 is horizontally moved to a position in the vicinity of the bias yarn feeding device 5, and the state shown in FIG. 13B is obtained. From this state, the shedding device is actuated to increase the distance between the warp layer and the bias yarn layer in order from the top, and the weft inserting rapier 72 inserts the weft x into a folded shape forming a loop at the tip. It Then, after the insertion of the weft thread x between the vertical thread y connected to the engaging rod 68 from the cloth fell and the lowermost warp layer is completed and the state shown in FIG. Is moved to the standby position and the engagement between the engagement rod 68 and the vertical thread y is released. Engagement rod 68
The slack of the vertical yarn y released from the engagement with is absorbed by the weight of the tightening bar 67, and the state becomes as shown in FIG. 14 (b). In this state, the other engaging rod 69 is arranged at a position to enter between the vertical yarn y that is continuous from the yarn guide hole 63 of the vertical yarn insertion piece 60 to the cloth fell and the uppermost warp layer.

Next, the engaging rod 69 is horizontally moved to the upper position of the cloth fell, and the vertical yarn y is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the three-dimensional fabric F as shown in FIG. 15 (a). In this state, after the vertical yarn y is tightened by the vertical yarn tightening device 65, at a plurality of positions between the warp layer and the bias yarn layer,
The beating for the vertical yarn y is performed by the beating bar 73, and the vertical yarn y is more firmly pressed to the cloth fell position. Next, the shedding device is operated to form shed in order from the lower side of the warp layer and the bias shed layer, and the weft insertion rapier 72 inserts the weft x into the corresponding shed, and
After the weft yarn x is inserted between the vertical yarn y and the uppermost warp layer to be in the state shown in FIG. 15 (b), the yarn support plate 3 is moved to move the three-dimensional fabric F by one pitch. It And
Next, the bias yarn feeding device 5 and the bias yarn feeding device 2 are operated, and the set of the bias yarn B stretched above the center of the three-dimensional fabric in the thickness direction as described above and stretched below. And the set of bias yarns B are moved in mutually opposite directions by one pitch in the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric. The above operation completes one weaving cycle. Hereinafter, the same operation is repeated and the three-dimensional woven fabric F is woven.

Three-dimensional fabric F woven as described above
As shown in FIG. 16, the in-plane 4-axis woven fabric is a vertical yarn y.
The three-dimensional woven fabric F of five-axis orientation bonded by However,
In FIG. 16, the number of sets of bias yarn layers, the number of layers of warp layers, and the number of layers of weft layers are smaller than those in the description of the weaving method for the purpose of showing the basic configuration of the three-dimensional fabric F, and the biases forming the yarn layers are the same. The number of yarns B ₁ , B ₂ and warp z and the number of vertical yarns y are large. The three-dimensional fabric F has a plurality of warp layers composed of warp yarns z arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and is inclined symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fabric in a plane parallel to the warp layers. As described above, that is, a plurality of sets of bias yarn layers of one set of the bias yarns B ₁ and B ₂ arranged so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle (± θ) with respect to the warp yarn z, and orthogonal to the warp yarn z. In this state, a plurality of weft layers composed of wefts x arranged in the width direction of the woven fabric and vertical yarns y that vertically penetrate the yarn layers and join the yarn layers are formed. The upper bias yarn layer and the lower bias yarn layer are composed of continuous bias yarns B that are folded back at the widthwise ends of the three-dimensional fabric F, and when the bias yarns B are arranged at an angle of + θ with respect to the warp yarns z. It becomes the bias yarn B ₁ and becomes the bias yarn B _{2 when} arranged at an angle of −θ with respect to the warp yarn z. Then, the bias yarn layers are arranged biased yarns B ₁ represents in above the middle plane in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional textile F is than the bias yarns B ₂ outside (upper side), the bias yarns B ₂ bias yarns B ₁ represents the lower They are arranged on the outer side (lower side) and are mirror-symmetrical with the central plane as the plane of symmetry. Further, the order of arrangement of the warp layers and the weft layers is also mirror-symmetrical with the central plane as the plane of symmetry. The folded portion of the vertical yarn y is different between the upper side and the lower side of the woven fabric, and the weft yarn x inserted in that portion has no partner symmetrical with respect to the central plane of the woven fabric, and is strictly mirror-symmetrical. However, the ratio of the three-dimensional woven fabric F to the total number of layers is small and can be ignored. Further, the weft yarn x forms a loop at the tip at the time of weaving and is inserted in a folded shape. However, when the weft yarn x is made of many fine fibers such as roving of carbon fiber, and substantially untwisted yarn is used, After weaving, they are piled up to form one yarn as shown in Fig. 16 (in the figure, weft x
The folding part of is omitted). This three-dimensional woven fabric F is used as a skeleton material of a composite material using a resin or the like as a matrix.
Due to the presence of the bias yarns B ₁ and B ₂ , the composite material using the three-dimensional woven fabric F as a skeleton has a deformation amount with respect to a diagonal force as compared with the one using the triaxial three-dimensional woven fabric as a skeleton. Decrease. As the fibers constituting the three-dimensional woven fabric, various fibers having a high thermal expansion coefficient and a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than the matrix are used, and for example, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers and the like are preferable.
Further, the resin forming the matrix is not particularly limited, and not only thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin but also thermoplastic resin can be used.

Further, the present invention is also applied to a composite material of carbon fibers and a carbon matrix obtained by using carbon fibers in a three-dimensional woven fabric, curing the resin with resin and then firing the matrix resin, or using pitch or the like as a matrix. It

Needless to say, the manufacturing process of the composite material involves impregnating and hardening the resin and pitch into the three-dimensional woven fabric, and it involves shrinkage due to reaction of the resin and heat, and the three-dimensional woven fabric F is constituted because of some temperature rise. The residual strain of the yarn (fiber) to be developed appears. However, in the three-dimensional fabric F of the present invention, as described above, the arrangement of each yarn layer and the arrangement direction of the bias yarns B ₁ and B ₂ are mirror-symmetrical with the central position in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional fabric F as a plane of symmetry. Therefore, the force due to the shrinkage of the resin or the residual strain at the time of thread arrangement acts in the symmetric direction with the symmetry plane sandwiched therebetween. Further, since the respective yarn layers are firmly bonded by the vertical yarn y, the forces acting in the symmetric directions act so as to cancel each other's forces, and the warp of the composite material is suppressed. The three-dimensional woven fabric manufactured by the method of the present invention is more effective in the case of an anisotropic material in which the physical properties of the fiber are different in the axial direction and the radial direction, or in the case of a resin that shrinks significantly during curing.

When the arrangement of the yarn layers and the arrangement direction of the yarns are mirror-symmetrical as described above, the yarn layers have a force to deform in opposite directions with the symmetry plane as a boundary, and the tendency of delamination increases. Therefore, the interlayer coupling function of the vertical yarn y plays a more important role. Therefore, when the peeling tendency is strong, it is preferable to thicken the yarn or increase the insertion frequency in order to increase the binding force of the vertical yarn y.

(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the bias yarn feeding device 5 of the above-described embodiment, the guide block 13 engaged with the bias yarn B stretched above the center of the three-dimensional fabric in the thickness direction is fixed to the pair of operating members 30 and 32. The guide block 13 that is actuated by the engagement bars 30a and 32a and is engaged with the bias yarn B stretched downward from the center in the thickness direction is engaged with the engagement bars fixed to the pair of actuation members 29 and 31. 29a, 31a
It was operated by. That is, the engagement bar 3
0a and 32a are continuously fixed to the upper side from the center of the actuating members 30 and 32 at a predetermined pitch, and the engaging bar 29
a and 31a are continuously fixed below the center of the actuating members 29 and 31, respectively, at a predetermined pitch. On the other hand, in the bias yarn feeding device 5 of this embodiment, the engagement bars 31a and the engagement bars 29a are alternately arranged as shown in FIG. 17, and the engagement bars 32a and the engagement bars 31a are alternately arranged. Each engaging bar 29a, 30a, 31a, 3 as arranged
2a are fixed to the operating members 29, 30, 31, 32, respectively.

Therefore, in this bias yarn feeding device 5,
The guide block 13 with which the bias yarn B stretched in a plurality of layers is engaged is moved from the lower layer to the upper layer side at one widthwise end of the three-dimensional fabric F (on the side of one actuating member 30), and A group that is moved from the upper layer to the lower layer at the other end (on the side of the other actuating member 32), and is also moved in opposite constant directions in the upper layer and the lower layer, and one end in the width direction of the three-dimensional fabric F (one operation A group that is moved from the upper layer to the lower layer side at the member 29 side) and is moved from the lower layer to the upper layer side at the other end (the other operating member 31 side), and is moved in the opposite constant directions in the upper layer and the lower layer. And are alternately arranged. As a result, the arrangement of the bias yarns B in the woven three-dimensional woven fabric F is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the center plane in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional woven fabric as a plane of symmetry, but it is different from that of the above-described embodiment.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and for example, the numbers of warp layers, weft layers and bias yarn layers are symmetrical with each yarn layer as a boundary with respect to the center plane in the thickness direction of the fabric. The number of yarns constituting each yarn layer is changed, the insertion of the weft yarn x is omitted, and the warp layer and the bias yarn layer are joined by the vertical yarn y. It may be applied to the three-dimensional woven fabric. In the case of a four-axis three-dimensional woven fabric, it is preferable to set the angle formed by the bias yarns B ₁ and B ₂ with the warp z to ± 60 °. Further, the weft x may be inserted by a shuttle instead of the rapier, or a device using two sets of screw shafts such as the device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-76845 may be used as the bias yarn feeding device. ..

[0045]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the bias yarns can be symmetrically arranged with the center plane in the thickness direction of the woven fabric as a boundary, and a skeleton material of a composite material using a resin or the like as a matrix. When used as, it becomes easy to continuously weave a three-dimensional woven fabric in which warpage and twist of the composite material due to shrinkage of the resin or residual strain during yarn arrangement are suppressed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an overall configuration of a three-dimensional loom for carrying out a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing a weaving state.

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a bias yarn feeding device and an opening device.

FIG. 4 is a partial schematic perspective view showing main parts of a bias yarn feeding device and an opening device.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a relationship between a guide member and a guide block.

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a warp shedding device.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view showing a relationship between a vertical yarn insertion device and a bias yarn feeding device.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operation of the bias yarn feeding device.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operation of the bias yarn feeding device.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operation of the bias yarn feeding device.

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operation of the bias yarn feeding device.

FIG. 12 is a schematic side view showing the weaving action.

FIG. 13 is a schematic side view showing the weaving action.

FIG. 14 is a schematic side view showing the weaving action.

FIG. 15 is a schematic side view showing the weaving action.

FIG. 16 is a partially cutaway schematic perspective view showing a three-dimensional fabric.

FIG. 17 is a partial front view showing an arrangement state of engagement bars of the bias yarn feeding device of the second embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a partially cutaway schematic perspective view showing a conventional three-dimensional fabric.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... Bias yarn supply section, 4 ... Weaving frame, 5 ... Bias thread feeding device, 13 ... Guide block as an engaging section, x ... Weft thread, y ... Vertical thread, z ... Warp thread, B, B ₁ , B ₂ ... bias yarn, F ... three-dimensional fabric.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor, Yasuta Mita, 2-chome, Toyota-cho, Kariya city, Aichi Prefecture Toyota Industries Corp.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of warp yarns are stretched in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the fabric in a state of extending in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, and the plurality of bias yarns are parallel to the warp layer so as to form a pair of two bias yarns. And the even number of bias yarns of each set are laid so as to be symmetrical with respect to the center plane in the thickness direction of the fabric, and the bias yarns are arranged between the cloth fell position and the bias yarn supply portion. The feeding device moves the engaging positions of the two sets of bias yarns that are in engagement with the engaging portion of the feeding device in the width direction of the fabric by a predetermined pitch in opposite directions in each of the bias yarn layers. On the bias yarn feeding device side from the intersection of the bias yarns between the front position and the bias yarn feeding device, vertical yarns are inserted in the thickness direction of the woven fabric between the rows of warp yarns, and two layers are formed by the bias yarn feeding device. The moving directions of the pair of bias yarns are separated from each other with the center plane in the thickness direction of the fabric as a boundary. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric in which the three-dimensional fabric is moved in the opposite direction.