JPH02221436A - Three-dimensional fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the title fabric suitable as a skeletal material for composite material to be used in a mutually connected state, so designed that solid members are woven thereinto so as to project in the longer direction of warps and part of the warp is wrapped on the outer periphery of said members and a plurality of projections with the base ends of narrow shape are formed. CONSTITUTION:In a three-dimensional fabric made up of warps Z, Z2, the first wefts Y, Y2 and the second weft X, solid members 1 such as metal bushings are woven into its ends so as to project along the longer direction of the warps Z, Z2 and part of the warp Z is wrapped on the outer periphery of said members 1 to form a plurality of projections 2, while the base end of each of the projections 2 is narrowly formed so that the entrance of the recess 3 between mutually adjacent projections 2 is of narrowed shape. One recess 3 of a pair of composite materials prepared by impregnating said three/-dimensional fabric with e.g. a resin is engaged with the other projection 2, thus mutually connecting these composite materials without the need for boring for bushing engagement after composite material formation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional fabric, and more particularly, to a three-dimensional fabric suitable as a skeleton material of a composite material used in a connected state.

[Prior Art] A large number of warps 2 stretched in multiple rows and rows, and a first weft y and a second weft Composite materials with a three-dimensional fabric made of three types of yarn as a skeleton material and a matrix of resin or inorganic materials are expected to have a wide range of uses as structural materials for rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships, and buildings. In order to use this type of composite material in a wide range of applications, it is necessary to be able to connect each member to each other in the same way as general metal structural materials. Conventionally, methods for joining composite materials include: (1) drilling a hole in the composite material and inserting a metal bushing, and (2) joining each component with a rivet, bolt, etc. inserted through the metal bushing; (2) connecting each component with an adhesive; There are methods such as gluing the members together.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, when a hole for inserting a metal bushing is formed in the composite material, as shown in FIG. 16.

Since the threads constituting the three-dimensional fabric F are cut at the part corresponding to the hole 60, the strength of the part corresponding to this part (particularly the strength against the force in the direction of the arrow) decreases, and it is necessary to increase the strength of this part. Therefore, the length L and width W of that portion must be increased, which is disadvantageous in that the volume of the portion surrounding the metal bushing becomes large. Furthermore, if holes are drilled after forming a composite material, depending on the finish of the processing, minute cracks may occur, and destruction due to stress concentration is likely to occur, making it difficult to predict the strength in terms of design. - On the other hand, the latter method has the problem that disassembly and assembly are difficult and that bond strength varies due to variations in bonding conditions.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and includes:
Its purpose is to use it in a connected state as a skeleton material for three-dimensional woven composite materials, which can be easily disassembled and assembled, increase strength without increasing the volume of the connected part, and whose strength can be easily predicted by design. The object of the present invention is to provide a suitable three-dimensional fabric.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention has a structure in which the warp yarns z and z2 constituting the fabric protrude along the longitudinal direction of the fabric and solid members are woven into the ends of the fabric. The base end side of each protrusion is narrow so that the shape of the recess formed by the adjacent protrusions is narrow at the entrance, and the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric is A portion of the warp threads 2, which are woven in a direction extending in the same direction, are wound around the outer periphery of the solid member.

[Function] The three-dimensional object of the present invention has a plurality of protrusions in which solid members such as metal bushings are woven at the end of the fabric, and is formed into a composite material of the final product by impregnating it with resin etc. When connecting composite materials, the protrusions of the composite material to be connected are fitted between each protrusion, so that the protrusions are connected in a state where each protrusion supports the force in the longitudinal and width directions. .

Since the warp yarns 2 are wrapped around the outer periphery of the solid member of each protrusion, when the three-dimensional fabric is used as a three-dimensional fabric composite material in a connected state with other members, a tensile force is applied to the connected part. When , the force is warp Z.

This is carried out by z2. Therefore, by constructing a three-dimensional fabric in which the number of warp threads 2 corresponding to the force applied to the connecting portion is wound around a solid member, the strength of the connecting portion can be ensured.
The volume of the portion surrounding the solid member is also reduced.

[Embodiment 1] Hereinafter, a first embodiment embodying the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. As shown in Figure 1.2, the three-dimensional fl
! T! JP has a large number of warp threads z, 22 groups stretched in multiple rows and rows, and a large number of continuous first weft threads in each row, woven between the rows in a state orthogonal to the warp threads z and Z2. '／
, V2, and a continuous second weft X interwoven between the rows of the warp z and 22 groups in a state perpendicular to the warp z, 22 and the first weft V, V2. At one end of the three-dimensional fabric F, a plurality of protrusions 2 into which solid members 1 are woven are formed by warp threads z,
It is arranged in a protruding state along the longitudinal direction of Z2. The solid member 1 may be made of metal, ceramics, or
It is made of a material such as plastic, and has a shape that tapers toward the main body of the three-dimensional fiber F, and has an insertion hole 1a formed in its center. Warp z, 22
The warp 2 constituting the protrusion 2 in the group, the first weft y inserted between each row of the warp 2 group, and the second weft The recess 3 formed by the adjacent protrusion 2 has a narrowed entrance.

Each warp thread Z is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 in a folded manner, and the number of warp threads 2 that is half the number of warp threads constituting the second group of warp threads is
is wrapped around the outer periphery of the solid member 1. 1st weft y
The second weft thread is also wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 in a folded manner. Each of the two threads to become the first weft y wound around the solid member 1 has two threads on both sides of the row of the second group of warp threads.
It is woven as an independent first weft y in several places, and the remaining one thread is folded back and the other is the first weft y.
The other one is used as the warp thread 2. Also, the second
One of the yarns wound around the solid member 1 as the weft X is folded back and used as the second weft X, and the other is used as the warp 2.

Among the second wefts X woven into the protrusions 2, the second wefts X woven into the protrusions 2 disposed at one end are used as the second wefts of the entire three-dimensional fabric F in addition to the protrusions 2. , the other second wefts X are cut and removed after finishing weaving the protrusion 2.

When connecting the composite materials 4 formed by impregnating the three-dimensional fabric F configured as described above with resin, 3.4.
As shown in the figure, the protrusions 2 of each composite material 4 are arranged so as to be fitted into the recesses 3 of the other composite material 4. and,
In order to prevent separation in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 3), separation prevention plates 5 installed on both upper and lower sides of the joint are fitted into the insertion holes 1a of the solid member 1. They are connected and fixed to each other by pins 6. When a tensile force is applied to the composite materials 4 connected in such a state, the zero-separation prevention plate 5, which applies a force to spread the recess 3 against the tapered surface of the protrusion 2, prevents the composite material 4 from shifting in the vertical direction. In addition to preventing this, it is also possible to support the force that forces the recess 3 to expand.

In addition, since the tensile force acting on the joints of the composite material 4 is carried by the warp threads Z, the warp threads 2 effectively and strongly contribute to increase the strength of the joints, and the shape of the outer periphery of the solid member 1 can be made compact. can.

Next, a method for manufacturing the three-dimensional fabric F will be described.

As shown in Fig. 8.9゜11, the device for weaving the three-dimensional fabric F uses a warp shedding device 8 equipped with a large number of belts 7 to open each row of two groups of warp threads, and also to weave the first weft y into warp threads. 2
A weft belt 9 is used as an insertion device inserted between each row of the group.

Further, the warp supply section 10 is provided with the same number of beams 10a as the number of rows of the second group of warp threads, so that the warp threads 2 are supplied for each row. In addition, the reed 21 is connected to the weaving frame 11 and the weft belt 9.
In between, it is arranged so as to be able to reciprocate between the immediate right side of the fabric frame 11 (double silver line in FIG. 9) and a predetermined position (solid line in FIG. 9). On the side opposite to the weft belt 9 of the front frame 11, supporting members 12 and 13 for supporting the solid member 1 etc. are installed in the direction in which the three-dimensional fabric F is taken off (
8.9.11 (to the left) (not shown)
is installed. A weft supply section 14 is arranged above the warp supply section 10.

The support members 12 and 13 include a support member 12 that supports only one solid member 1, and a support member 12 that supports only one solid member 1, and a support member 12 that supports only one solid member 1, and a support member 12 that supports only one solid member 1, and a support member 12 that supports only one solid member 1, and a warp thread z2 in addition to a plurality of solid members 1.
There are two types: and the support member 13 that supports the 1411th yarn y2. One support member 12 is formed in a U-shape on the side,
A bolt 15 supporting the solid member 1 is inserted in the vertical direction and is fixedly tightened by a nut 16. As shown in FIG. 10, the other supporting member 13 has a U-shaped side surface, and a plurality of bolts 15 for supporting the solid member 1 are inserted in the vertical direction at predetermined intervals near the base end of the supporting member 13. At the same time, the tightening is fixed by a nut 16. A notch 17 corresponding to the protrusion 2 of the three-dimensional fabric F is formed in the center of the pair of upper and lower support pieces 13a near the tips thereof, and an insertion hole is formed in the tip of each support piece 13a at positions facing each other. is formed, and a support pin 18 is removably inserted into the insertion hole. Further, a hooking hole 19 for hooking the additional first weft y2 is formed between each of the insertion holes and at a position corresponding to the insertion hole.

When producing the three-dimensional textile F using the above-mentioned apparatus, first, a predetermined number of warp threads 2 and first weft system y, and one second weft thread X are wound around the outer periphery of the solid member 1 in a folded manner. The warp yarns 2 are inserted through the belt 7 of the warp shedding device 8. 1st weft y
Insert each end of the other first wefts y, excluding one first weft y, into the weft belt 9, and the remaining one is folded back on the outer circumferential surface of the solid member 1 and is inserted into the first weft. The thread y is inserted into the weft belt 9, and the other thread is inserted into the belt 7 as the warp thread 2. In addition, the second weft X is folded back on the outer circumferential surface of the solid member 1 and wound around a bobbin as the second weft X to create a shuttle (
(not shown), and the other end is inserted into the belt 7 as the warp threads Z. Then, the warp threads 2 inserted through the belt 7 are wound up row by row around each beam 10a of the warp supply section 10, and the first weft threads y passed through the weft belt 9 are wound onto the beams of the weft supply section 14. Prepare by rolling it up. In this state, the second weft X is manually inserted between the rows of the second group of warp threads in a meandering manner from above to below.

In this way, the warp threads 2 and both wire threads x are attached to the outer periphery of the solid member 1.
, y are wound and the weft insertion of the 21st yarn X in the first row is completed, as shown in FIG.
The weaving preparation work for the three-dimensional fabric is completed by fixing and supporting the three-dimensional fabric to the support member 12 of the three-dimensional loom. In this state, the support member 12 is placed close to the front frame 11, the weft belt 9 is placed in the lowered position, and the belt 7 of the warp shedding device 8 is placed in the raised position.

From this state, after the second weft X is inserted into the opening between the warp 2 and the first weft y in the lowest row, the warp shedding device 8 is operated to move the belt 7 downward in order from the side farthest from the front frame 11. Then, warp openings are formed one by one from the lower side of the second group of warps upwards, and the shuttles are sequentially introduced into the warp openings, and the second weft X is inserted between the rows of the second group of warp yarns.
By moving the reed 21 from a predetermined position to a position on the right side of the woven fabric, the second weft X is pressed against the weaving side and reeding is performed. After the insertion of the second weft X into the uppermost warp opening is completed, the weft belt 9 is moved upward, the first weft y is folded upward, and the warp 2
Inserted between each column of the group.

Next, the warp shedding device 8 is activated, and the belt 7 is moved to the front frame 1.
The warp threads are moved upward one by one from the side closest to 1, and the warp opening is moved downward one by one from above to form the shuttle, and the shuttle is sequentially introduced into the warp opening, and the second weft X is sequentially inserted from the top to the bottom. Get hit.

Thereafter, similarly, weft insertion of the second weft yarn and weft insertion of the first weft yarn y are performed alternately, and the support member 12 is moved in the horizontal direction to sequentially weave the three-dimensional fabric F. and,
As shown in Figure 5.7, weaving is interrupted with six stages of the second weft X inserted, and a three-dimensional fabric F is produced in which the warp 2, the first weft y, and the second weft X remain sufficiently. be done.

Next, a plurality of three-dimensional textiles F (four in this example) which have been partially woven as described above are prepared, and each three-dimensional textile F
The solid member 1 is supported by a support member 13 with a bolt 15 and a nut 16 at a predetermined distance. In addition, a predetermined number of additional warp threads z are placed on both sides of each three-dimensional fabric F.
2 and the first weft y2 are set. The additional warp yarn z2 is supported in a folded manner wound around the support pin 18, and the additional first weft yarn y2 is set in the primary support member 13, which is supported while being fixed in the hooking hole 19. After the warp 2 and the first weft y and the additional warp z2 and the first weft y2 of the three-dimensional 1111elF during weaving are inserted into the belt 7 or the weft belt 9, the beam 10a of the warp supply section 10 or the weft supply They are respectively wrapped around the beams of section 14.

The second wefts The 26th yarn X of the fabric is used for the subsequent weaving of the three-dimensional fabric. Then, the weft belt 9 is placed in the raised position,
The belt 7 of the warp shedding device 8 is placed in the lowered position, and preparation for making is completed, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 11.

From this state, first, the lowest warp Z, Z2 and the first weft y
, y2, the warp shedding device 8 is activated to open the warps z, y2 from above.
The second weft X is formed by moving downward step by step, and the second weft
are inserted into the weft one after another and beaten with a reed. Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, by raising and lowering the weft belt 9 and inserting the shuttle into the warp shedding, weft insertion of the first wefts y and y2 and weft insertion and beating of the second weft X are performed alternately. Protrusion 2 of original fabric F
The other parts are sequentially woven to produce a three-dimensional fabric F having a plurality of protrusions 2 at the ends.

[Example 2] Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

In the above embodiment, one first weft y, y2 was inserted between each row of the warp threads z, z2 group, whereas in this embodiment, two first weft threads were inserted between each row of the warp threads z, z2 group. 1st weft y
, y2 are inserted. That is, the three-dimensional fabric F of this example is woven in such a way that each pair of first wefts y, y2 inserted between each row of warp yarns z, z2 groups are turned back at opposite positions, and the second
The weft X is sandwiched between each pair of first wefts y and y2, and is sewn into a predetermined position 1. This &lllll weave structure can accommodate finer weave width changes than in the previous embodiment, and the shape of the recess 3 can be made closer to the shape of the protrusion 2. In this case, in the fitted state, the gap between the recess 3 and the protrusion 2 becomes smaller, as shown in FIG. 12(b).

When producing this three-dimensional fabric F, a pair of weft belts are used, and each pair of first wefts y and y2 inserted between each row of the warp yarns z and z2 groups are separately attached to the weft belts. , and the belts for both lines are moved up and down in opposite directions, so that each pair of first wefts 3', y2 are woven so that their folding positions are opposite to each other.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
For example, instead of simply winding the warp threads 2 and the threads y and x around the fixed member 1, as shown in FIG. In both of the above embodiments, a three-dimensional fabric F in which a plurality of layers of cloth material 20 having In the three-dimensional fabric F, the threads constituting the warp 2 and both threads y and x are simply wound in multiple layers around the outer periphery of the fixing member 1 in a state perpendicular to the axial direction of the fixing member 1. There is a possibility that the fixing member 1 may shift in the axial direction. However, in the case of a structure in which the cloth material 20 is wound in multiple layers, the yarn wound around the outer periphery of the fixing member 1 is positioned at a predetermined position by the weft Y forming the cloth portion 20a. There is no movement in the axial direction, and the shape is well maintained.

In addition, the shape of the solid member 1 woven into the protrusion 2 is such that when a tensile force is applied in the connected state, the protrusion 2 of the opposing composite material 4
A tapered (tapered) shape is best in order to prevent looseness between the two, but not only the tapered shape but also the protrusions 2 and recesses 3 of the composite material 4 that should be connected when a three-dimensional fabric is used as the composite material 4. It is sufficient that they can be fitted into each other, and may be in a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. Flanges are provided at both ends of the solid member 1, a large number of grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface, or a thread insertion hole 1b is formed in a part of the solid member 1 as shown in FIG. 15, and the thread is wound around the solid member 1. The three-dimensional fabric F may be woven with a part of the thread or a part of the thread added at the weaving starting point passed through the thread insertion hole 1b.
Furthermore, it is possible to weave a three-dimensional fabric F by inserting the second weft X in a folded manner from one side of the warp opening with a rapier and preventing its tip loop from being pulled out with another selvage thread, or by weaving the second weft X ``Effects of the Invention'' As detailed above, the three-dimensional object of the present invention can be made by impregnating it with resin, etc. A concave part is formed in the composite material of the final product, and the entrance is narrowed by a plurality of protrusions arranged at the end of the fabric. By fitting the protrusions of the composite material, the protrusions are connected in a state in which each protrusion supports forces in the longitudinal and width directions, resulting in a joint member that is easy to disassemble and assemble.
Since the warp Z is wrapped around the outer periphery of the solid member of each protrusion, when the three-dimensional fabric is used as a three-dimensional fabric composite material in a connected state with the pond member, a tensile force is applied to the connected part. This force is carried by the warp threads z and 22. Therefore, by constructing a three-dimensional fabric in which the number of warp threads 2 corresponding to the force applied to the connecting part is wound around a solid member, the strength of the connecting part can be ensured and the area surrounding one solid member can be made compact. Moreover, unlike conventional methods, there is no need to drill holes after forming the composite material, so the strength is not reduced due to stress concentration caused by minute cracks that occur during drilling, and the design It becomes easy to predict the upper strength.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 11 show a first embodiment embodying the present invention, FIG. 1 is a partial plan view of a three-dimensional fabric, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG.
The figure is a schematic plan view showing the connected state of composite materials, Figure 4 is a schematic side view, Figure 5 is a plane view of a three-dimensional fabric in the middle of weaving, and Figure 6 is A-A in Figure 5, @ cross section. Figures 7 and 7 are side views, Figures 8 and 9 are schematic side views showing the weaving state, and Figures 1 and 7 are side views.
Figure 0 is a schematic perspective view of the support member, Figure 11 is a schematic side view showing the weaving state, Figure 12 (a) is a plan view of the main part of the three-dimensional fabric of the second embodiment, and Figure 12 (b) is FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view showing the connected state of composite materials; FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a modified example;
4.15 is a schematic plan view of another modification, and FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which holes are made in the three-dimensional fabric. Solid member 1. Projection 2, recess 3, separation prevention plate 5, fixed bottle 6, support member 12.13, cloth material 20, cloth portion 20a,
First weft y, y2, second weft X, warp z, z2, three-dimensional fabric F. Patent Applicant: Toyota Industries Corporation, Attorney, Patent Attorney: Hironobu Onda

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The end of the fabric has a plurality of protrusions that protrude along the longitudinal direction of the warp threads (z, z2) constituting the fabric and have solid members woven into them, and the recesses formed by the adjacent protrusions The proximal end of each protrusion is narrow in width so that the entrance thereof is narrowed, and a part of the warp (z) is woven to extend in the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric. A three-dimensional fabric wrapped around the outer circumference of a component.