JPH0814053B2 - Three-dimensional fabric - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a three-dimensional woven fabric, and more particularly to a three-dimensional woven fabric suitable as a skeleton material of a composite material used in a connected state with other members. .

[Prior Art] A large number of warp yarns z stretched in a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows, and the warp yarns z
A three-dimensional woven fabric made up of three types of yarns, a first weft yarn y and a second weft yarn x, which were respectively placed between columns and rows of the group in a state orthogonal to the diameter yarn z, was used as a skeleton material, and a resin or an inorganic substance was used as a matrix. Composite materials are expected to find wide application as structural materials for rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships and buildings. In order to use this kind of composite material in a wide range of applications,
Each member needs to be connectable like a general metal structural material. Conventionally, there has been no use example in which composite materials having a three-dimensional woven fabric as a skeleton material are connected to each other, but as shown in FIG. Insert the metal bushing 61 into the composite material
A method of connecting 60 or the composite material 60 and the other structural material 62 with a bolt 63 and a nut 64 is adopted. Therefore, when connecting a composite material using a three-dimensional fabric as a skeleton with bolts and nuts or with pins, a hole is made in the composite material using the three-dimensional fabric as a skeleton and a metal bushing is used as described above. You need to insert it.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, when a hole for fitting a metal bushing is formed in a composite material, as shown in FIG. 22, a yarn constituting a three-dimensional woven fabric F at a portion corresponding to the hole 65. The strength of the part corresponding to the part (particularly the strength against the force in the arrow direction) is reduced because the part is cut, and in order to increase the strength of this part, the values of the length L and the width W of the part are increased. Must be
There is an inconvenience that the volume surrounding the metal bushing becomes large. Further, since the hole is drilled after the composite material is formed, there is a problem that a minute crack or the like is generated depending on the finish of the process, and the stress is likely to cause a fracture, which makes it difficult to predict the strength in design.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to increase the volume of the connecting portion when used as a three-dimensional woven fabric composite material for use in a connected state with other structural materials. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional woven fabric which can easily increase the strength and whose strength can be easily predicted by design.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention has a solid member at the end of the fabric and is woven in a state of extending at least in the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric. A part of the warp yarn z is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member.

[Operation] Since the three-dimensional woven fabric of the present invention has a solid member such as a metal bushing arranged at the end of the woven fabric and all or part of the warp z is wound around the outer periphery thereof, When used as a three-dimensional woven composite material in a state of being connected to another member, when a tensile force is applied to the solid member via a bolt or a pin that is a connecting element with the other member, the force is carried by the warp z. Therefore, by constructing the three-dimensional woven fabric in a state in which the number of warp threads z corresponding to the force applied to the connecting portion is wound around the solid member, the strength of the connecting portion can be secured and the volume of the portion surrounding the solid member can be reduced.

[First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the three-dimensional woven fabric F has a large number of warp z groups stretched in a plurality of columns and a plurality of lines (10 columns and 6 lines in this embodiment), and warp z between the columns. A large number of first wefts y which are continuous in each row and which are woven orthogonally to each other, and one continuous second which is woven between the rows of the warp z group in a state orthogonal to the warp z and the first weft y. It is composed of weft yarn x. A metal bushing 1 as a solid member is arranged at one end of the three-dimensional fabric F. Most of the warp yarn z and both of the weft yarns x and y are partially wound around the outer circumference of the metal bushing 1. Most of the warp yarns z are wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1 in a folded manner, and about half the number of warp z constituting the warp z group is wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1. Further, the first weft yarn y and the second weft yarn x are also wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1 in a folded shape, and the first weft yarn y wound around the metal bushing 1 is formed.
Both sides of each yarn to be formed are woven as independent first weft yarns y at two places in the row of the warp z group. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, one side of the yarn wound around the metal bushing 1 as the second weft x is inserted as the second weft x into the half of one side between the rows of the warp z group as the second weft x as shown in FIG.
And then inserted as a first weft yarn y between the rows of the warp z group.

When the composite material formed by impregnating the three-dimensional fabric F configured as described above with a resin is used by being connected to other members at the metal bushing 1, the tension applied to the metal bushing 1 is almost all warp threads. Since it is carried by z, the warp z effectively contributes strongly and the strength of the connecting portion is increased.

Next, a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned three-dimensional fabric F will be described. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 5, the device for weaving the three-dimensional woven fabric F performs the opening of each row of the warp z group by the warp shedding device 3 provided with a large number of healds 2 and the first weft. A weft heald 4 is used as an inserting device for inserting y between each row of the warp z group. In addition, the warp supplying section 5 uses the warp z
The number of beams 5a is the same as the number of rows of the group, and the warp z is supplied for each row. A support member 7 for supporting the metal bushing 1 is provided on the opposite side of the weft yarn heald 4 of the cloth fell frame 6, and the drive member (not shown) causes the support member 7 to move in the take-up direction (first A device that moves to the left of FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. 5) is provided. Further, the reed 19 is located between the cloth fell frame 6 and the weft heald 4 immediately to the right of the cloth fell frame 6 (dotted line in FIG. 5) and at a predetermined position (fifth position).
It is arranged so as to be able to reciprocate between the solid lines.

When the three-dimensional fabric F is manufactured by the above-mentioned apparatus,
First, a predetermined number of warp yarns z and first weft yarns y and one second weft yarn x are wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1 in a folded shape, and each warp yarn z is inserted into the heald 2 of the warp yarn shedding device 3, and then the warp yarn supply is performed. Each beam 5a of the unit 5 is prepared in a state of being wound in rows. In addition, each end portion of the first weft yarn y is attached to the heald 4 for the weft yarn.
To insert. Next, in this state, both ends of the second weft yarn x are manually inserted between the lines of the warp z group in a meandering state in order from the lower side to the upper side as shown in FIG. Then, one of the second wefts x (the second weft x on the right side of FIG. 2) is then inserted into the weft heald 4 and wound around the beam of the weft supply unit 8 together with the other first wefts y. The other second weft yarn x is wound on a bobbin and attached to a shuttle (not shown). In this manner, the warp z and the two wefts x and y are wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1 and the weft insertion of the second weft x of the first stage is completed, and the metal bushing 1 By fixedly supporting the supporting member 7 of the original loom, the weaving preparation work of the three-dimensional fabric is completed. In this state, the support member 7 is arranged at a position close to the cloth fell frame 6, the weft heald 4 is arranged at the lowered position, and the heald 2 of the warp shedding device 3 is also arranged at the lowered position.

From this state, the heddle 2 is moved upward in order from the side close to the cloth fell frame 6 by the operation of the warp shedding device 3, and the warp shed is sequentially formed from the upper side of the warp z group to the lower one by one step. The shuttles are sequentially inserted therein, the second wefts x are inserted between the rows of the warp z group in a state orthogonal to the warp z, and the reed 19 is moved from a predetermined position to the right position of the cloth fell, whereby the second weft x is woven. It is pressed against the growing side and a beating is performed. After the insertion of the second weft x into the opening of the warp z in the bottom row and the first weft y and the repulsion are completed, the heald 4 for the weft
Is moved upward, the first weft yarn y is folded back upward, and is inserted between the rows of the warp z group. Then, the warp shedding device 3 is operated, the heddle 2 is sequentially moved downward from the side opposite to the cloth fell frame 6, the warp shedding is moved and formed step by step from the lower side, and the shuttle is sequentially thrown into the warp shed. The second weft yarn x is weft-inserted in order from bottom to top, and is beaten. Thereafter, in the same manner, the weft insertion of the second weft x and the beating and the weft insertion of the first weft y are alternately performed, the supporting member 7 is moved in the horizontal direction, and the three-dimensional woven fabric F is sequentially woven.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the embodiment, the warp yarn z and the weft yarns y and x are simply wound around the outer circumference of the metal bushing 1, whereas in this embodiment, the cloth woven around the metal bushing 1 is used. The point that the material is wound in a plurality of layers is significantly different from the above embodiment. When this three-dimensional woven fabric F is manufactured, first, as shown in FIG. 7, the warp z and the first weft y or the second weft x are wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1 at the center of a large number of yarns. The weft Y in the part corresponding to the length of the
Form 9a. Then, a predetermined number (three in this embodiment) of metal cloth bushings 1 are wound around the thus formed cloth material 9. Next, a part of the yarns extending to both ends of the cloth portion 9a of the cloth material 9 is used as a warp z, and a part of the yarn is used as a first weft y, which is inserted into the loom belt 2 and the weft heald 4 in the same manner as described above, and then the warp The beam is wound around the beam 5a of the supply unit 5 and the beam of the weft supply unit 8, the remaining yarn is wound around the bobbin as the second weft yarn x, and then mounted on the shuttle to prepare for weaving. Then, after that, the three-dimensional woven fabric F is woven in the same manner as described above.

In the three-dimensional fabric F of the first embodiment, the yarns forming the warp yarn z and the two weft yarns y and x are wound around the outer periphery of the metal bushing 1 in multiple layers in a state orthogonal to the axial direction of the metal bushing 1. Therefore, the thread may be displaced in the axial direction of the metal bushing 1. However, in the case of this embodiment, since the yarn wound around the outer peripheral portion of the metal bushing 1 is positioned at a predetermined position by the weft yarn Y forming the cloth portion 9a, it is possible to move the metal bushing 1 in the axial direction. Good shape retention.

[Third Embodiment] Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In both of the above examples, the warp z and the first weft y constituting the three-dimensional woven fabric F are formed.
The second weft yarn x and the second weft yarn were all woven using the yarn wound around the outer circumference of the metal bushing 1. On the other hand, in the three-dimensional fabric F of this embodiment, the width of the fabric is wide from the middle and the metal is The point that the warp yarn z2 and the first weft yarn y2, which are not wound around the outer circumference of the bushing 1, are used is greatly different from the above-mentioned both embodiments.

The supporting member 10 used when weaving the three-dimensional woven fabric of this embodiment is configured to be able to support not only the metal bushing 1 but also the warp yarn z2 and the first weft yarn y2 added during weaving. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, the support member 10 is formed in a U-shape on the side surface, and a support bolt 11 for supporting the metal bushing 1 is vertically inserted near the base end of the support member 10 and tightened and fixed by a nut 12. Has been done. A notch 13 corresponding to the narrow portion of the three-dimensional fabric F is formed in the center of the pair of upper and lower support pieces 10a near the tips thereof, and the tip portions of the respective support pieces 10a have insertion holes at positions facing each other. Is formed, and the support pin 14 is detachably inserted into the insertion hole. Further, hook holes 15 for hooking the additional first weft yarn y2 are formed between the respective insertion holes and at positions corresponding to the insertion holes.

When manufacturing this three-dimensional woven fabric F, first, the supporting member 7 of the above-mentioned embodiment is used to weave a narrow portion in the same manner as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and then the supporting member 7 is supported as shown in FIG. The member 10 is replaced, and the metal bushing 1 is supported by the support bolts 11 and a predetermined number of warp yarns z2 and first weft yarns y2 are set. The additional warp yarn z2 is supported by being wound around the support pin 11 in a folded shape, and the additional first weft yarn y2
Is supported in a state of being fixed to the hook hole 15. Then, the three-dimensional woven fabric F in the course of weaving and the additional warp z2 and the first
The weaving preparation is completed by setting the weft yarn y2 on the support member 10 and winding the ends of the weft yarn y2 around the beams of the warp yarn supplying portion and the weft yarn supplying portion. Thereafter, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the openings of the warp yarns z and z2 are sequentially formed by the operation of the warp yarn shedding device 3, and the second weft yarns x are sequentially inserted into the sheaves, and the weft heald 4 is moved up and down. The first weft threads y and y2 are warp threads
The wide portion of the three-dimensional woven fabric F is woven by being inserted between the rows of z and z2.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and for example, in order to prevent the thread wound around the metal bushing 1 from moving in the axial direction of the metal bushing 1, as shown in FIG. Flange 1a may be provided at both ends of bushing 1, or a large number of grooves 1b may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of metal bushing 1 as shown in FIG. or,
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a thread insertion hole 1c is formed in a part of the metal bushing 1, and a part of the thread wound around the metal bushing 1 or a part of the thread added at the weaving start point is inserted into the thread insertion hole 1c. The three-dimensional woven fabric F may be woven while being passed through.
The solid member to be woven into the three-dimensional woven fabric F is not limited to the cylindrical shape, but a tubular member 16 having a triangular or quadrangular cross section is woven as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, or the tubular member 16 is shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 17, the metal bushing 1 may be woven so that the shaft center of the metal bushing 1 is horizontal.

A three-dimensional woven fabric F in which a tubular member 16 having a quadrangular cross section as shown in FIG. 15 is woven is, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, a pair of upper and lower connecting plates 17, the connecting plate 17 and the tubular member 16. It is connected and fixed by the fixing pin 18 inserted into the connector, and the connecting plate 17 and the fixing pin 18 support the forces in the directions of arrows A, B, and C. or,
Three-dimensional fabric F in which tubular member 16 having a triangular cross section is woven
As shown in FIG. 20, the three-dimensional woven fabrics F arranged on the opposite sides are connected to each other in a V-shaped recess formed in the leading ends of the adjacent three-dimensional woven fabrics F. The plate 17 and the fixing pin 18 are connected and fixed. Therefore, in this case, the force in the arrow B direction is mainly supported by the three-dimensional fabric F, and the connecting plate 17 and the fixing pin 18 support the force in the arrow A direction and the force in the C direction shown in FIG.

In addition, the second weft x is woven in a folded shape from one of the warp openings with a rapier, and the three-dimensional woven fabric F is woven by a method in which the tip loop of the weft is retained by another selvage, or the second weft x is Instead of a continuous thread of a book, an independent thread may be used for each stage.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention is in a state in which the warp z is wound around the outer periphery of the solid member woven at the end of the three-dimensional fabric. When a composite material is formed from woven fabric and used in a connected state with other members,
All warp threads z wound around the outer periphery of the solid member contribute strongly to the tensile force acting on the solid member via the connecting elements such as bolts and pins, thereby increasing the strength of the connecting portion and forming the connecting portion. The shape of the outer periphery of the solid member can be made compact. In addition, unlike the conventional method, it is not necessary to perform drilling after forming a composite material, so the strength does not decrease due to stress concentration caused by minute cracks etc. generated during drilling, and the design strength Easy to predict.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 5 show a first embodiment embodying the present invention.
The figure is a plan view of a three-dimensional fabric, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a side view, and FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic side view showing a weaving state, and FIG. b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line YY in FIG. 4 (a), FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing a weaving state, FIGS. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment, and FIG. Partial perspective view, FIG. 7 is a plan view of a cloth material, FIGS. 8 and 9 show a third embodiment, FIG. 8 is a plan view of a three-dimensional fabric, and FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a support member. Figures 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views of the main part of the modified three-dimensional fabric, Figures 12 and 13 are plan views of the main part of another modified three-dimensional fabric, and Figs. Main part plan view, FIGS. 16 and 17 are schematic perspective views of a modified three-dimensional fabric, FIG.
FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view showing the connected state of the three-dimensional fabric shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 19 is a side view of the same, and FIG. 20 is a schematic plan view showing the connected state of the three-dimensional fabric of FIGS. 14 and 16. FIG. 21 is a side sectional view showing a connected state of a conventional composite material and a structural material, and FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which a hole has been opened in a three-dimensional fabric. Metal bushing 1 as a solid member 1, tubular member 16 as well,
Support members 7, 10, cloth material 9, first wefts y, y2, second wefts x, warps z, z2, three-dimensional fabric F.

Front page continued (72) Inventor Asahi Goro 2-chome, Toyota-cho, Kariya city, Aichi Stock company Toyota Industries Corporation (72) Inventor Shiro Miyake 2-chome, Okubo 2-25-22, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo (56) References JP-A-60-194145 (JP, A) JP-A-2-221436 (JP, A) JP-A-2-221438 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A tertiary having a solid member at an end of a woven fabric and at least a part of a warp (z) woven in a state of extending in a longitudinal direction of a three-dimensional woven fabric is wound around an outer periphery of the solid member. Original fabric.