JPH08128044A - Light-weight earth construction method and light-weight block - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a light-weight block which has especially durability, displays high strength and moreover does not lose the characteristic of the light-weight earth even if a load is applied to it, in a light-weight earth construction method applied to ground construction work for the soft ground and the surface of slope and the light-weight block used for this construction method. CONSTITUTION: A light-weight earth construction method is composed by buriedly providing light-weight earth 2 consisting of inorganic foaming beads 1; that consisting of inorganic foaming beads 1, solidifying material and/or granular bodies; that consisting of inorganic foaming beads 1, solidifying material and air bubble or foaming agent; that consisting of inorganic foaming beads, solidifying material, granular bodies and air bubble or foaming agent, or that consisting of inorganic foaming beads 1, solidifying material and/or granular bodies and foaming synthetic resin beads in the ground 5. In addition to that, the light-weight block is block-shapedly solidified by mixing the inorganic foaming beads 1, a solidifying agent or the granular bodies as occasion demands.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lightweight earthworking method using a light weight embankment applied to ground construction work such as soft ground and slopes, and a lightweight block used in this method, and in particular, it has durability and durability. The present invention relates to a lightweight earthwork method and a lightweight block that exhibit high strength and do not lose their characteristics as lightweight soil even when subjected to a load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When constructing ground such as soft ground and slopes,
In the past, the sheet construction method and the pile construction method were often used, but recently, the construction method using lightweight embankment has become widespread.

[0003] For example, in the case of ground construction on soft ground, this is a construction method which minimizes consolidation settlement on soft ground by utilizing the lightness of a light embankment, and in the case of ground construction on slopes, Like the above, it is a construction method that minimizes the earth pressure on the retaining wall by using the lightness of the light embankment.

Conventionally, the lightweight embankment used in the above-mentioned construction method is made of styrofoam blocks, a mixture of styrofoam beads and an embankment material such as earth and sand, or a mixture of these and a solidifying material. Things are known. These lightweight embankments are applied by embedding in the ground when constructing ground such as soft ground and slopes.

[0005]

The styrofoam used for the above-mentioned lightweight embankment has a very low density of 0.032 g / cm ³ and a bulk specific gravity of 0.02 g / cm ³ and is very light.

Therefore, the former Styrofoam block exerts a very large buoyancy due to its light weight when the water level in the construction site rises, and an unnecessary pressing load is required to offset this buoyancy. .

Further, in the case of the latter expanded polystyrene beads, since they are lightweight, they float up from the embankment and separate, which makes it difficult to form a homogeneous lightweight soil, and as a result, the resulting lightweight soil is durable. The properties and strength are also reduced.

Further, when the expanded polystyrene is a block or a bead, when it receives a load such as a compaction load, earth pressure, top loading pressure, water pressure, etc., it causes an increase in density due to volume compression. The resulting lightweight soil loses its inherent properties as a lightweight soil.

Further, since the above-mentioned styrofoam is an organic substance, it is inferior in durability itself, and from this point as well, the obtained lightweight soil is inferior in durability.

Furthermore, the polystyrene foam is inferior in adhesiveness to the solidifying material, so that the lightweight soil obtained is deformed under load, and in this respect also, it is inferior in strength.

Further, since the Styrofoam described above is flammable, there is a problem of fire in the workplace.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve durability and softness by exhibiting high strength and not losing the characteristics as a lightweight soil even when subjected to a load. It is to provide a lightweight earthworking method applied to ground construction work such as ground and slopes, and a lightweight block used in this method.

[0013]

In order to achieve the above object, the lightweight soil construction method of the present invention is characterized in that a lightweight soil made of inorganic foam beads is buried in the ground.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, according to the lightweight block of the present invention, the inorganic foam beads, the solidifying material, or, if necessary, the granular material is mixed and solidified into a block shape. It is characterized by being at least as good as possible.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is described in detail below.

First, the lightweight soil construction method according to the present invention will be described in detail. Although the lightweight soil used in this construction method is made of the inorganic foam beads as described above, as another embodiment, the lightweight soil and the inorganic foam are used. Lightweight soil consisting of beads and a solidifying material and / or granules, inorganic foam beads,
Light-weight soil consisting of a solidifying material and air bubbles or a foaming agent, inorganic foam beads, light-solidifying soil consisting of a solidifying material, granules, and air bubbles or a foaming agent, inorganic foam beads, solidifying material and / or A lightweight soil made of granular materials and expanded synthetic resin beads is used.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned lightweight soil is applied by being embedded in the ground when constructing the ground such as soft ground or slope. The above-mentioned lightweight soil may be in the form of slurry. In this case, the slurry is applied to the ground construction by embedding it in the ground or by spreading it into the ground.

The above-mentioned inorganic foam beads have a particle size of 0.1-10.0.
mm, preferably 2.5 to 5.0 mm, with a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.4 g
/ Cm ³ bead body. As an example of this, glass foam beads are first mentioned. This is a car window glass,
After crushing glass bottles of beer, liquor, juice, seasonings, etc. and kneading a foaming agent into granules with a predetermined particle size, bake them in a kiln at a temperature of about 7,000 to 9000 ° C.
It is formed by foaming.

Further, the above-mentioned inorganic foam beads are made of SiO ₂
Substances rich in content, such as fly ash, diatomaceous earth, diatom, water slag, paper slush, acid clay, volcanic ash,
It may be a material obtained by heating and melting synthetic silica, earth, sand or the like, or by heating and melting with an alkali to vitrify and foam.

Furthermore, the inorganic foam beads may be granular particles of lightweight foam concrete aggregate.

As the above-mentioned solidifying material used in the present invention,
Cement-based, lime-based, slag-based, or water glass-based inorganic binder, urethane-based, epoxy-based acrylic,
It is a bituminous organic consolidation material.

Further, the above-mentioned granular materials used in the present invention include earth and sand, lime ash, fly ash, slag, papermaking sludge, waste soil, waste mud and the like.

Next, the light weight block according to the present invention will be described in detail. This is constructed by mixing inorganic foam beads and a solidifying material and solidifying them in a block shape. 14A and 14B are perspective views of a specific example of the lightweight block according to the present invention. FIG. 1A shows a prismatic shape and FIG. 1B shows a cylindrical shape. In FIG. 1, a is a lightweight block according to the present invention, and 1 is an inorganic foam bead. The inorganic foam beads and the solidifying material used here are the same as those used in the above-mentioned lightweight earthwork method.

Further, the above-mentioned lightweight block a may be one in which granules are further mixed and solidified in a block shape. This granular material is also the same as that used in the above-mentioned lightweight earthwork method.

As shown in FIG. 15, the above-mentioned lightweight block a has a water-permeable sheet such as a non-woven fabric, a synthetic resin water-impermeable sheet, a wire mesh, and a reinforcing material b having tensile strength such as fibrous material. It may be configured as. FIG. 15 (A) shows an example in which the reinforcing material b is attached to the bottom surface of the lightweight block a, and FIG. 15 (B) is an example in which the reinforcing material b is attached to the upper surface and the bottom surface of the lightweight block a. FIG. 15 (C) shows an example in which the reinforcing material b is embedded inside the lightweight block a, and FIG. 15 (D) is configured by dispersing the reinforcing material b made of fiber in the lightweight block a. These are examples for increasing the bending strength of the lightweight block a.

The above-mentioned lightweight block is, of course, mass-produced in a factory, but on the site, the inorganic foam beads, the solidifying material and, if necessary, further soil are mixed, and the mixture is put in the void portion of the ground. It can also be filled and formed according to the shape of the void of the ground.

Further, the above-mentioned lightweight block of the present invention is made into a slurry by mixing inorganic foam beads, a solidifying material, water, and, if necessary, soil, and this is made into a predetermined mold at the construction site of ground construction. It is possible to fill the frame and mold it into a certain shape, and it has a very good effect in civil engineering work.

[0028]

The inorganic foam beads used in the present invention described above have a bulk specific gravity of approximately 0.3 to 0.4 g / cm ³ and a large specific gravity as compared with known polystyrene foam, so that they are different from conventional polystyrene foam. Since it does not float and separate from the lightweight soil, a homogeneous lightweight soil can be obtained.

Moreover, since it is hard and the internal voids are held by this rigid body, the voids are crushed or crushed even when subjected to a load such as rolling load, earth pressure, top loading pressure, hydraulic pressure, etc.
It is not destroyed, and therefore the density is not increased by the volume compression. Therefore, the obtained lightweight soil does not lose its characteristics as a lightweight soil, yet exhibits high strength and durability.

Further, since the inorganic foamed beads are inorganic, they exhibit noncombustibility and excellent adhesion and solidification property with the solidifying material, and the obtained lightweight soil also has high strength. become.

[Experimental Example 1] Table 2 using the materials used in Table 1
The compounding experiment shown in was carried out.

[0032]

[Table 1]

[0033]

[Table 2]

Strength tests were carried out using the formulations in Table 2. The test was carried out by measuring uniaxial compressive strength and strain at break for 7 days. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0035]

[Table 3]

From Table 3, it can be seen that the 7-day uniaxial compressive strength when cement is added is high for glass beads, but low for expanded polystyrene beads.

Then, using the formulation of Table 2, the amount of subsidence of the embankment when cement was not added was measured. This measurement was carried out by embankment with a height of 7 m, setting a subsidence plate at a height of 3.5 m from the bottom plate, and measuring the amount of subsidence when the embankment of 27 m was completed. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0038]

[Table 4]

From Table 4, the amount of compression is large in the composition using expanded polystyrene beads, whereas the amount of compression is extremely small in the composition of the present invention. Therefore, the composition according to the present invention produces a lightweight embankment with less displacement. It turns out that formation is possible.

Further, using the formulations shown in Table 2, a test for observing the separated state and solidified state of the beads was conducted. The test was performed by adding water to the composition shown in Table 2 to form a fluid having a flow value of 18 cm, collecting 500 cc of this fluid, and placing it in a container filled with 2 liters of water. It was performed by observing the solidification state after 7 days. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0041]

[Table 5]

From Table 5, it was found that the glass beads are difficult to separate below the water table, whereas the styrofoam beads are easy to separate. Further, when the water content is increased while being left in the air, the styrofoam beads are easily separated, but the glass beads are difficult to be separated.

Further, it can be seen that when a solidified product such as cement is added, the compound of the present invention forms a homogeneous solidified product without separating the beads. This is because the beads are made of glass and are strongly integrated with the cement, and because the beads themselves are hard and not too light, they are integrated with the soil. Furthermore, the glass beads and the soil are called siliceous. This is probably because they are similar in quality and familiar.

An example of application of the present invention to an actual ground will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows that the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention composed of the inorganic foam beads 1 is placed on the soft ground 3, and embankment is performed on the soft soil 3 to form the embankment layer 4, and the lightweight soil 2 is placed in the ground 5. It is an example of being buried.

When the specific gravity of the lightweight soil 2 is 1.0 or less, it is possible to balance the overlaid load so that the load hardly acts on the bottom surface of the lightweight soil 2, that is, the soft ground 3.

Further, the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention may be placed on the seabed or the riverbed below the water table for landfilling, and a structure may be provided thereon (not shown). In this case, consolidation settlement can be minimized even if the seabed is soft.

FIG. 2 shows an example of embankment constructed by using the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention as a backing material for the retaining wall 6. In this case, by making the inside of the siding surface lightweight, the earth pressure on the retaining wall 6 hardly acts, and therefore, the retaining wall 6 can be provided on the soft ground by using the simple retaining wall 6.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the artificial ground 7 is constructed on the soft ground 3. In the artificial ground 7, first, the soft ground 3 is excavated, the wall panels 8 and 8 are vertically installed in the ground, and the tension members 9 are attached between the wall panels 8 and 8, and then the book It is formed by placing the lightweight soil 2 according to the invention, applying the embankment layer 4 on this, and burying the lightweight soil 2 in the ground.

FIG. 4 shows an example in which a staircase-like residential land is constructed. First, a staircase-like ground 5 is formed, and concrete walls 10 are installed vertically on the front of each staircase, and then each concrete wall. The lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention is cast on the back surface of the ten, and the embankment layer 4 is formed on each of the lightweight soils 2 to embed the lightweight soil 2 in the ground. These embankment layers 4
A residential area 11 is built on the top. In such residential land development, cliffs are unlikely to occur.

FIG. 5 shows that the lightweight soils 2 according to the present invention are arranged in a step-like manner on a slope on the ground 5, and a roof plate 12 is disposed on each of the lightweight soils 2 to provide a space in front of each lightweight soil 2. In this example, 13 is formed and the embankment layer 4 is formed on the roof plate 12 to create a residential land or the like. Houses are built in the space 13. In this case, the earth pressure hardly acts on the back surface of the structure such as the house.

In FIG. 6, the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention is arranged on the soft ground 3, the structure foundation 14 is arranged thereon, and the earth and sand are sprinkled thereon to form the embankment layer 4. It is an example of constructing the foundation of a structure.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention is used for the pier 16 of the arch bridge 15. In this case, the lightweight soil 2 consists of the inorganic foam beads 1 together with the solidifying material, cement, etc.
May be filled in and solidified to form.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a structure 17 constructed by filling the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention between the wall panels 8 which are spaced from each other and are opposed to each other with the tension member 7 between them. is there.

FIG. 9 shows that the lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention is stacked on the soft ground 3 in several layers, and the tensile member 9 is applied to the boundary surface between these layers.
This is an example in which the embankment structure is constructed by forming an embankment, and further spreading earth and sand on the embankment to form an embankment layer 4. The tensile layer 9 is composed of a reinforcing bar, a concrete (mortar) layer, a dioxile layer, a wire mesh layer, a non-woven fabric layer, a foamed polyurethane layer, an adhesive layer, an asphalt layer, and a combination thereof. In this case, the lightweight soil 2 is integrated so that the load is evenly distributed, stress concentration is prevented, vibrations are absorbed, and elasticity is imparted.

FIG. 10 shows that the lightweight soil 2 and the lightweight block a according to the present invention are alternately stacked on the soft ground 3, and an embankment is formed on the soft soil 3 to form an embankment layer 4 to integrate the lightweight soil 2 and the lightweight block a. The following shows an example.

FIG. 11 shows the ground 5 with respect to the slope 5a of the ground 5.
Fix the retaining wall 6 that stands upright with the anchor rods 18, and slope 5
The lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention is arranged between a and the retaining wall 6,
This is an example in which earth and sand are sprinkled on top of this to form the embankment layer 4 to construct a slope structure. The anchor bar 18 has a mortar 19 interposed between layers of the lightweight soil 2 and is fixed to the ground 5 through the mortar 19.

FIG. 12 is constructed in the same manner as FIG. 19, but the structure in which the layer of lightweight soil 2 is fixed vertically by anchoring mortar 21 via anchor bar 18 in order to prevent it from floating in groundwater. Indicates.

FIG. 13 shows a lightweight soil 2 according to the present invention having an uneven shape and a tension member 9 interposed therein, and a light weight block 9 having the uneven shape, alternately on the soft ground 3 and mutually. An example of the embankment structure constructed by meshing and integrating and forming the embankment layer 4 thereon is shown.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a specific example of a lightweight block a according to the present invention in which the inorganic foam beads 1 and a solidifying material are mixed and solidified in a block shape. The columnar blocks a and (B) represent the columnar blocks a, respectively.
The block a according to the present invention is not limited to the prismatic or cylindrical shape described above, and may be formed in any desired shape.

FIG. 15 shows another modified example of the lightweight block a according to the present invention, in which a non-woven fabric, a sheet of synthetic resin, a wire mesh, a fibrous material or the like is provided inside or around the lightweight block a of FIG. It is configured by interposing a reinforcing material b having tensile strength. FIG. 15 (A) shows an example in which the bottom surface of the lightweight block a is integrated with the reinforcing material b, and FIG. 15 (B) is integrated with the reinforcing material b in the upper surface and the bottom surface of the lightweight block a. This is an example, and FIG. 15 (C) is an example in which a reinforcing material b is embedded inside a lightweight block a.
Is an example in which a reinforcing material b made of fibrous material is dispersed in a lightweight block a. In either case, the bending strength of the lightweight block a is increased.

[0062]

The present invention described above can bring the following effects.

When applied to soft ground, the lightweight soil or block according to the present invention uses a light weight of the inorganic foam beads, so even if the ground is soft, the settlement of settlement is minimized and the load on the soft ground is almost zero. Does not work.

When applied to slopes, the lightweight soil or block according to the present invention uses inorganic foam beads of light weight, and therefore exerts almost no earth pressure on the retaining wall. Therefore, a simple retaining wall can be adopted in the present invention.

Furthermore, since the lightweight soil or block according to the present invention uses the inorganic foam beads, it has durability and high strength, and does not lose its properties as a lightweight soil even when subjected to a load, and It is nonflammable.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example in which the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention is applied to soft ground.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention is used as a backing material for a retaining wall.

FIG. 3 shows an example of constructing an artificial ground on the soft ground using the lightweight soil according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows an example in which a staircase-shaped residential land is constructed by the lightweight earthwork method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows another example in which a residential land or the like is constructed by the lightweight earthwork method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which a structural foundation is constructed on soft ground by the lightweight earthwork method of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which an arch bridge is constructed by the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a structure constructed by the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows an example of an embankment structure constructed on soft ground by the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an embankment structure constructed on soft ground by using a lightweight soil and a lightweight block according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which an earth structure is constructed on the slope by the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows another example of an embankment structure constructed on soft ground by the lightweight earthwork method according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows another example of an embankment structure constructed on soft ground by using a lightweight soil and a lightweight block according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an example of a lightweight block according to the present invention, in which (A) shows a prismatic block and (B) shows a cylindrical block.

FIG. 15 is another example of the lightweight block according to the present invention, in which (A) is an example in which the bottom surface of the lightweight block is integrated with a reinforcing material, and (B) is an upper surface and a lower surface of the lightweight block integrated with a reinforcing material. (C) shows an example in which a reinforcing material is embedded inside a lightweight block, and (D) shows an example in which a reinforcing material made of fiber is dispersed in the lightweight block.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Inorganic foam beads 2 Lightweight soil 3 Soft ground 4 Fill layer 5 Ground 6 Retaining wall 9 Tensile material a Lightweight block b Reinforcement material

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location C09K 17/10 P 17/42 P 17/44 P 17/48 P E02D 3/12 // C09K 103 : 00

Claims (22)

[Claims] 1. A lightweight earthwork method in which a lightweight embankment made of inorganic foam beads is embedded in the ground. 2. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 1, wherein a lightweight embankment comprising inorganic foam beads and a solidifying material and / or granular material is buried in the ground. 3. The cement is a cement-based, lime-based, slag-based or water glass-based inorganic binder, or a urethane-based, epoxy-based, acrylic-based or bitumen-based organic binder. 2 lightweight earthwork methods. 4. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 2, wherein the granular material is earth and sand, lime ash, fly ash, slag, papermaking sludge, waste soil or waste mud. 5. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 1, wherein a lightweight embankment made of inorganic foam beads, a solidifying material, and air bubbles or a foaming agent is embedded in the ground. 6. The cement according to claim 5, wherein the cement-based, lime-based, slag-based, or water-glass-based inorganic binder, or urethane-based, epoxy-based, acrylic-based, or bitumen-based organic binder The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 5, which is a material. 7. The lightweight earthmoving method according to claim 5, wherein the lightweight embankment according to claim 5 further comprises a granular body. 8. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 7, wherein the granular body of claim 7 is earth and sand, lime ash, fly ash, slag, papermaking sludge, waste soil or waste mud. 9. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 1, wherein a lightweight embankment made of inorganic expanded beads, a solidifying material and / or granules, and expanded synthetic resin beads is embedded in the ground. 10. The cement-based, lime-based, slag-based, or water-glass-based inorganic binder, or the urethane-based, epoxy-based, acrylic-based, or bitumen-based organic binder as claimed in claim 9. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 9, which is a material. 11. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 9, wherein the granular body according to claim 9 is earth and sand, lime ash, fly ash, slag, papermaking sludge, waste soil or waste mud. 12. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic foam beads are glass foam beads. 13. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic expanded beads are expanded beads of a substance containing a large amount of SiO ₂ . 14. The lightweight earthworking method according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic expanded beads are lightweight expanded concrete aggregate. 15. A mixture of inorganic foam beads and a solidifying material,
A lightweight block that is solidified into blocks. 16. The lightweight block according to claim 15, wherein the inorganic foam beads, the solidifying material, and the granular material are mixed and solidified in a block shape. 17. The lightweight block of claim 15 wherein the inorganic foam beads of claim 15 are glass foam beads. 18. The inorganic foam beads of claim 15 are SiO ₂
16. The lightweight block of claim 15, which is a foam bead of a substance containing a large amount of. 19. The lightweight block of claim 15, wherein the inorganic foam beads of claim 15 are lightweight expanded concrete aggregate. 20. The cement of claim 15 is a cement-based, lime-based, slag-based or water-glass-based inorganic binder or a urethane-based, epoxy-based, acrylic-based or bitumen-based organic binder. The lightweight block according to claim 15. 21. The lightweight block according to claim 16, wherein the granular body according to claim 16 is earth and sand, lime ash, fly ash, slag, papermaking sludge, waste soil or waste mud. 22. The lightweight block according to claim 15, wherein a reinforcing material is interposed inside or around the lightweight block according to claim 15.