JPH08126700A - Apparatus for switching direction of bloodstream to blood filter and method therefor - Google Patents
Apparatus for switching direction of bloodstream to blood filter and method thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08126700A JPH08126700A JP6287104A JP28710494A JPH08126700A JP H08126700 A JPH08126700 A JP H08126700A JP 6287104 A JP6287104 A JP 6287104A JP 28710494 A JP28710494 A JP 28710494A JP H08126700 A JPH08126700 A JP H08126700A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- flow direction
- outlet
- drip chamber
- filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002615 hemofiltration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/367—Circuit parts not covered by the preceding subgroups of group A61M1/3621
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3403—Regulation parameters
- A61M1/3406—Physical characteristics of the filtrate, e.g. urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3403—Regulation parameters
- A61M1/341—Regulation parameters by measuring the filtrate rate or volume
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/75—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters
- A61M2205/7563—General characteristics of the apparatus with filters with means preventing clogging of filters
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、広くは医療機器に陥刷
るものであり、特に血液フィルターに関するものであ
る。就中、血液濾過及び血漿分離における血液フィルタ
ーへの血流方向の間欠的な切替装置と方法に関するもの
である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is broadly applied to medical equipment, and more particularly to a blood filter. In particular, it relates to a device and method for intermittently switching the blood flow direction to a blood filter in blood filtration and plasma separation.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、血液を体外循環させ中空糸型血液
フィルターを用いて行われる血液濾過装置と方法および
血漿分離装置と方法では、血液フィルター内を流れる血
流の方向は治療の開始より終了まで一方向に固定されて
いる。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a blood filtering apparatus and method and a plasma separating apparatus and method in which blood is extracorporeally circulated by using a hollow fiber type blood filter, the direction of blood flow in the blood filter ends from the start of treatment. It is fixed in one direction.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】血液濾過法や血漿分離
法は、血液を体外循環させ血液フィルターの膜を通し、
血液濾過の場合、血液中の濾液のみ分離し、一方血漿分
離の場合蛋白物質まで含む血漿成分を血球成分と分離す
る方法である。The hemofiltration method and the plasma separation method use an extracorporeal circulation of blood through a membrane of a blood filter.
In the case of hemofiltration, it is a method of separating only the filtrate in blood, while in the case of plasma separation, it is a method of separating a plasma component including a protein substance from a blood cell component.
【０００４】血液は体外で異物に触れると凝固を起こし
やすい。体外循環中に血液の流れがゆるやかになったり
淀んだりする箇所があると血液凝固が発生する。図４に
示す中空糸型血液フィルターの血液入口側と血液出口側
の両ヘッダー部は、流れがゆるやかになる部分で、さら
にヘッダーの外周に近い部分は流れが淀みやすく、外周
に近い部分からリング状に血液凝固が発生する。ヘッダ
ー部に発生した凝固により中空糸の入口がふさがると、
その中空糸には血液が流れなくなる。When blood touches a foreign substance outside the body, blood is likely to coagulate. Blood coagulation occurs when there is a place where the blood flow becomes loose or stagnant in the extracorporeal circulation. Both the header part on the blood inlet side and the blood outlet side of the hollow fiber blood filter shown in FIG. 4 are the parts where the flow becomes slow, and the part near the outer circumference of the header is apt to stagnant flow, and the ring starts from the part near the outer circumference. Blood coagulation occurs. If the hollow fiber inlet is blocked by the solidification generated in the header,
Blood stops flowing through the hollow fiber.
【０００５】さらに、血液濾過の場合は、経時的に膜の
表面に蛋白ゲル層の形成や血球成分の付着による膜の目
づまりが起こる。血液が血液フィルターを通過する時、
その流速は中空糸中の流路抵抗のため入口より出口に向
い低下していく。一方、血液の濃度は、濾過により濾液
が失われる結果入口より出口に向い濃度が高くなり流れ
にくくなる。Further, in the case of hemofiltration, the film is clogged due to the formation of a protein gel layer and the adherence of blood cell components on the surface of the film over time. When blood passes through the blood filter,
The flow velocity decreases from the inlet toward the outlet due to the flow path resistance in the hollow fiber. On the other hand, the blood concentration becomes higher from the inlet toward the outlet as a result of the loss of the filtrate due to filtration, which makes it difficult to flow.
【０００６】この流速と濃度の変化のためフィルターの
膜表面への蛋白ゲル層の形成と血球成分の付着は出口側
に近い部分ほど著しくなる。つぎに、血漿分離の場合
は、血液フィルターの入口に近い部分ほど血液側の圧力
が高く血漿は膜の内側より外側へ移行するため、膜の穴
は内より外に向い目づまりが起きる。フィルターの出口
側に近い部分では、膜外に出た血漿成分側の圧力が膜内
の血液側より高くなる結果、血漿成分が血液へ戻る逆行
現象が起き、膜の外側から内側に向い目づまりが発生す
る。Due to the changes in the flow velocity and the concentration, the formation of the protein gel layer and the adherence of the blood cell component on the membrane surface of the filter become more significant in the portion closer to the outlet side. Next, in the case of plasma separation, the pressure on the blood side is higher toward the portion closer to the inlet of the blood filter, and the plasma migrates from the inside to the outside of the membrane, so that the holes in the membrane face toward the outside rather than inside. In the part near the outlet side of the filter, the pressure on the plasma component side that has gone out of the membrane becomes higher than that on the blood side in the membrane, and as a result, a retrograde phenomenon in which the plasma component returns to the blood occurs, causing a clogging inward from the outside of the membrane. appear.
【０００７】上記の通り、血液凝固、蛋白ゲル層の形成
および膜の穴の目づまり等のため、血液フィルターの濾
過性能や血漿分離性能が経時的に低下してしまう問題が
あった。As described above, there is a problem that the filtration performance and plasma separation performance of the blood filter are deteriorated with time due to blood coagulation, formation of protein gel layer, clogging of membrane holes, and the like.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明にかかる血液フィ
ルターへの血流方向切替装置と方法は、血液濾過法や血
漿分離法の実施中、間欠的に血液フィルターへの血流方
向を切替え血液の流れのパターンを変えることにより、
血液フィルター内の血液凝固を防止し、さらに血液濾過
では膜表面に付着する蛋白ゲル層を血液逆流により除去
し、血漿分離では膜の穴の目づまりを血漿の膜透過方向
を逆転させることで除去し、膜の性能を維持するもので
ある。血液透析において、血液透析器の血液凝固防止と
透析性能維持を目的として特開平５−７６５９４の発明
がすでに提案されている。A blood flow direction switching device and method for a blood filter according to the present invention is a blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter which is intermittently switched during a hemofiltration method or a plasma separation method. By changing the flow pattern of
Prevents blood coagulation in the blood filter, further removes the protein gel layer adhering to the membrane surface by blood reverse flow in hemofiltration, and removes the clogging of the membrane holes in plasma separation by reversing the plasma permeation direction. , To maintain the performance of the membrane. In hemodialysis, the invention of JP-A-5-76594 has already been proposed for the purpose of preventing blood coagulation of a hemodialyzer and maintaining dialysis performance.
【０００９】本発明は、従来の提案をさらに血液濾過装
置と方法や血漿分離装置と方法に発展的に適用し、その
効果を確認した点にある。以下、本発明にかかる血液フ
ィルターへの血流方向切替装置と方法の具体的な構成を
詳細に述べる。最初に、本発明の血液フィルターへの血
流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項１に記載した発明の血
液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の構成を説明する。
これは、血液濾過装置において、血液取り出し回路があ
る。この血液取り出し回路は、血液を体外に取り出すも
のである。つぎに、血液ポンプがある。この血液ポンプ
は、上記の血液取り出し回路からの血液を血液フィルタ
ーに送るものである。そして、動脈側ドリップチャンバ
ーがある。この動脈側ドリップチャンバーは、上記の血
液ポンプの出口につながるものである。The present invention is to apply the conventional proposal to a hemofiltration apparatus and method and a plasma separation apparatus and method, and to confirm the effect. Hereinafter, a specific configuration of a blood flow direction switching device and method for a blood filter according to the present invention will be described in detail. First, the configuration of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described.
This is a hemofiltration device that has a blood removal circuit. This blood removal circuit is for taking blood out of the body. Next is the blood pump. This blood pump sends the blood from the blood extraction circuit to a blood filter. Then there is the arterial drip chamber. The arterial drip chamber is connected to the outlet of the blood pump.
【００１０】さらに血流方向間欠切替手段がある。この
血流方向間欠切替手段は、上記の動脈側ドリップチャン
バーの出口につながるものである。そして、血液フィル
ターがある。この血液フィルターは、上記の血流方向間
欠切替手段にその入口と出口がそれぞれにつながるもの
であって血液より濾液を分離し廃棄するものである。そ
して、静脈側ドリップチャンバーがある。この静脈側ド
リップチャンバーは、上記の血流方向切替手段の静脈側
出口につながるものである。さらに、補充液供給手段が
ある。この補充液供給手段は、上記の静脈側ドリップチ
ャンバーの入口側につながるものである。最後に、血液
送り返し回路がある。この血液送り返し回路は、上記の
静脈側ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内に送り返す
ものである。Further, there is a blood flow direction intermittent switching means. This intermittent blood flow direction switching means is connected to the outlet of the artery-side drip chamber. And there is a blood filter. This blood filter has an inlet and an outlet connected to the blood flow direction intermittent switching means, respectively, and separates the filtrate from the blood and discards it. And there is a vein side drip chamber. The vein side drip chamber is connected to the vein side outlet of the blood flow direction switching means. Further, there is a replenisher supply means. This replenisher supply means is connected to the inlet side of the vein side drip chamber. Finally, there is a blood return circuit. This blood return circuit sends back the blood from the vein side drip chamber to the body.
【００１１】つぎに、本発明にかかる血液フィルターへ
の血流方向の切替装置と方法の発明の血液フィルターへ
の血流方向切替装置の請求項２に記載した発明の血液フ
ィルターへの血流方向切替装置の構成を説明する。この
発明は、以下の点以外は上記の請求項１の発明の構成と
同一である。それゆえに、上記の請求項１の発明の構成
の説明の全文をここに援用して、以下の構成の説明をこ
れに追加する。これは血漿交換装置におけるものであ
り、上記の請求項１の発明の構成との差異は、血漿分離
装置には補充液供給手段を必要としない点である。Next, a blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the present invention, and a blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the present invention. The configuration of the switching device will be described. The present invention has the same configuration as the invention of claim 1 except for the following points. Therefore, the entire text of the above description of the configuration of the invention of claim 1 is incorporated herein, and the following description of the configuration is added thereto. This is in the plasma exchange device, and the difference from the configuration of the invention of claim 1 is that the plasma separation device does not require a replenisher supply means.
【００１２】さらに、本発明にかかる血液フィルターへ
の血流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項４に記載した発明
の血液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の構成を説明す
る。この発明は血液濾過装置において、血液取り出し回
路にて血液を体外に取り出す。つぎに血液ポンプにてそ
の血液取り出し回路からの血液を血液フィルターに送
る。そして、これを血液ポンプの出口につながる動脈側
ドリップチャンバーを経て、血流方向間欠切替手段に送
る。さらに、血流方向間欠切替手段にその入口と出口が
それぞれにつながる血液フィルターで濾液を分離し廃棄
する。そして、その濾過された血液を上記の血流方向切
替手段の静脈側出口につながる静脈側ドリップチャンバ
ーに送る。一方、この静脈側ドリップチャンバーの入口
側につながる補充液供給手段で廃棄された量とほぼ等量
の血液成分補充液を補充して、上記の静脈側ドリップチ
ャンバーからの血液を体内に送り返すものである。Further, the structure of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the present invention as described in claim 4 of the device and method for blood flow direction for a blood filter according to the present invention will be described. According to the present invention, in the blood filtering device, blood is taken out of the body by the blood drawing circuit. Next, the blood from the blood extraction circuit is sent to the blood filter by the blood pump. Then, this is sent to the blood flow direction intermittent switching means via the artery side drip chamber connected to the outlet of the blood pump. Further, the filtrate is separated and discarded by a blood filter whose inlet and outlet are connected to the intermittent blood flow direction switching means. Then, the filtered blood is sent to the vein side drip chamber connected to the vein side outlet of the blood flow direction switching means. On the other hand, the blood component replenishing liquid is replenished with the replenishing liquid supply means connected to the inlet side of the vein side drip chamber in an amount almost equal to the discarded amount, and the blood from the vein side drip chamber is sent back to the body. is there.
【００１３】最後に、本発明にかかる血液フィルターへ
の血流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項４に記載した発明
の血液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の構成を説明す
る。この発明は、以下の点以外は上記の請求項３の発明
の構成と同一である。それゆえ、上記の請求項１の発明
の構成の説明の全文をここに援用して、以下の構成の説
明をこれに追加する。これは血漿分離装置におけるもの
であり、上記の請求項３の発明の構成との差異は、血漿
分離装置には補充液供給手段を必要としない点である。Finally, the configuration of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the invention of claim 4 of the blood flow direction switching device and method for a blood filter according to the present invention will be described. This invention has the same structure as the invention of claim 3 except for the following points. Therefore, the entire description of the configuration of the invention according to claim 1 is incorporated herein, and the following description of the configuration is added thereto. This is in the plasma separation device, and the difference from the configuration of the invention of claim 3 is that the plasma separation device does not require a replenisher supply means.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】本発明にかかる血液フィルターへの血流方向の
切替装置と方法は、以上のごとき構成に為したゆえに以
下のごとき作用が生じた。最初に、本発明の血液フィル
ターへの血流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項１に記載し
た発明の血液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の作用を
説明する。これは、血液濾過装置において、血液取り出
し回路が血液を体外に取り出し、血液ポンプが上記の血
液取り出し回路からの血液を、動脈側ドリップチャンバ
ーを通じて血液フィルターに送る。The device and method for switching the blood flow direction to the blood filter according to the present invention has the following effects because it has the above-described configuration. First, the operation of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described. This is because, in the hemofiltration device, the blood extraction circuit extracts the blood outside the body, and the blood pump sends the blood from the blood extraction circuit to the blood filter through the arterial drip chamber.
【００１５】さらに、血流方向間欠切替手段が上記の動
脈側ドリップチャンバーの出口につながり、血液フィル
ターが上記の血流方向間欠切替手段にその入口と出口が
それぞれにつながるゆえ、その血液フィルター内での血
流方向が間欠的に切り替わる。一方、この血液フィルタ
ーにより血液より濾液を分離し廃棄する。そして、静脈
側ドリップチャンバーが上記の血流方向切替手段の静脈
側出口につながり、補充液供給手段が上記の静脈側ドリ
ップチャンバーの入口側につながるゆえに、ここで補充
液が供給される。最後に、血液送り返し回路が、上記の
静脈側ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内に送り返
す。Further, since the blood flow direction intermittent switching means is connected to the outlet of the artery side drip chamber, and the blood filter is connected to the blood flow direction intermittent switching means, its inlet and outlet are connected to each other. The blood flow direction of is switched intermittently. On the other hand, this blood filter separates the filtrate from the blood and discards it. Then, since the venous side drip chamber is connected to the venous side outlet of the blood flow direction switching means and the replenishing solution supply means is connected to the inlet side of the venous side drip chamber, the replenishing solution is supplied here. Finally, a blood return circuit returns the blood from the venous drip chamber back into the body.
【００１６】つぎに、本発明にかかる血液フィルターへ
の血流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項２に記載した発明
の血液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の作用を説明す
る。この発明は、以下の点以外は上記の請求項１の発明
の作用と同一である。それゆえ、上記の請求項１の発明
の作用の説明の全文をここに援用して、以下の作用の説
明をこれに追加する。これは血漿交換装置におけるもの
であり、上記の請求項１の発明の作用との差異は、血漿
分離装置には補充液供給手段を必要としない点である。Next, the operation of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the second aspect of the blood filter direction switching device and method according to the present invention will be described. This invention is the same as the operation of the invention of claim 1 except for the following points. Therefore, the entire description of the operation of the invention of claim 1 is incorporated herein, and the following description of the operation is added thereto. This is in the plasma exchange device, and the difference from the operation of the invention of claim 1 is that the plasma separation device does not require a replenisher supply means.
【００１７】さらに、本発明にかかる血液フィルターへ
の血流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項４に記載した発明
の血液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の作用を説明す
る。この発明は血液濾過装置において、血液取り出し回
路にて血液が体外に取り出され、血液ポンプにてその血
液取り出し回路からの血液が血液フィルターに送られ
る。そして、この血液が血液ポンプの出口につながる動
脈側ドリップチャンバーを経て、血流方向間欠切替手段
に送られる。さらに、血流方向間欠切替手段にその入口
と出口がそれぞれにつながる血液フィルターで濾液が分
離され廃棄される。そして、その濾過された血液が上記
の血流方向切替手段の静脈側出口につながる静脈側ドリ
ップチャンバーに送られる。一方この静脈側ドリップチ
ャンバーの入口側につながる補充液供給手段で廃棄され
た量とほぼ等量の血液成分補充液が補充されて、上記の
静脈側ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内に送り返さ
れる。Further, the operation of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the invention of claim 4 of the blood flow direction switching device and method for a blood filter according to the present invention will be described. In the blood filtering device of the present invention, blood is taken out of the body by the blood extracting circuit, and the blood from the blood extracting circuit is sent to the blood filter by the blood pump. Then, this blood is sent to the intermittent blood flow direction switching means via the artery-side drip chamber connected to the outlet of the blood pump. Further, the filtrate is separated and discarded by a blood filter whose inlet and outlet are connected to the intermittent blood flow direction switching means. Then, the filtered blood is sent to the vein side drip chamber connected to the vein side outlet of the blood flow direction switching means. On the other hand, the replenisher supplying means connected to the inlet side of the venous drip chamber replenishes the blood component replenishing liquid in an amount substantially equal to the discarded amount, and the blood from the venous drip chamber is sent back into the body.
【００１８】最後に、本発明にかかる血液フィルターへ
の血流方向の切替装置と方法の請求項４に記載した発明
の血液フィルターへの血流方向切替装置の作用を説明す
る。この発明は、以下の点以外は上記の請求項３の発明
の作用と同一である。それゆえ、上記の請求項１の発明
の作用の説明の全文をここに援用して、以下の作用の説
明をこれに追加する。これは血漿分離装置におけるもの
であり、上記の請求項３の発明の作用との差異は、血漿
分離装置には補充液供給手段を必要としない点である。Finally, the operation of the blood flow direction switching device for a blood filter according to the fourth aspect of the blood filter direction switching device and method according to the present invention will be described. This invention is the same as the operation of the invention of claim 3 except for the following points. Therefore, the entire description of the operation of the invention of claim 1 is incorporated herein, and the following description of the operation is added thereto. This is in the plasma separation device, and the difference from the action of the invention of claim 3 is that the plasma separation device does not require a replenisher supply means.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】以下に、本発明の血液フィルターへの血流方
向切替装置と方法の各実施例を用いて、添付図面と共に
詳細に述べる。図１は、本発明の血流方向切替装置を設
置した血液濾過装置の概略図を示したものである。図２
は、その血流方向が切り替えられた図を示すものであ
る。図３は、この血流方向切替装置を血漿交換法への使
用例の図を示すものである。Embodiments of the blood flow direction switching device and method for a blood filter according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blood filtering device provided with the blood flow direction switching device of the present invention. Figure 2
Shows a diagram in which the blood flow direction is switched. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of use of this blood flow direction switching device in a plasma exchange method.
【００２０】まず、血液濾過回路の場合、血液を体外に
取り出す回路血液取り出し回路Ａ’で患者の動脈Ａから
体外へ取り出された血液は、血液ポンプ１で、動脈側ド
リップチャンバー２と血流方向切り換え手段３を通じて
血液フィルター（中空糸型血液フィルター）４へ送り込
まれる。そして、この血液フィルター４で濾液を除去し
て、静脈側ドリップチャンバー５を経てこの血液を体内
に送り返す血液送り返し回路Ｖ’から再び患者の静脈Ｖ
へ戻る構成となっている。First, in the case of the blood filtering circuit, the blood is taken out of the body from the patient's artery A by the circuit for taking blood out of the body. It is sent to the blood filter (hollow fiber type blood filter) 4 through the switching means 3. Then, the blood filter 4 removes the filtrate, and the blood is returned to the body through the vein side drip chamber 5 from the blood return circuit V ', and the vein V of the patient is again supplied.
It is configured to return to.
【００２１】その血液回路の血液フィルター４のポート
Ｆ１とＦ２との接続端に近い部位にある血流方向切り替
え手段３が、上記の血液フィルター４への血流方向を間
欠的に切り替える。上記のドリップチャンバー２と５
は、主として循環血液の圧力を検出するためのものであ
る。The blood flow direction switching means 3 at a portion of the blood circuit near the connecting end of the ports F1 and F2 of the blood filter 4 intermittently switches the blood flow direction to the blood filter 4. Drip chambers 2 and 5 above
Is mainly for detecting the pressure of circulating blood.
【００２２】以上の実施例の動作を図１により述べる
と、まず、血液ポンプ１により患者動脈Ａより取り出さ
れた血液は動脈側ドリップチャンバー２を経て血流方向
切り替え手段３の動脈入口Ａ１に入り、その出口Ｂ１よ
り出て血液フィルター４の入口Ｆ１よりそのフィルター
４へ入る。そして、その血液フィルター４の出口Ｆ２よ
り出て、上記の血流方向切り替え手段３のＢ２へ入り、
その静脈出口Ｖ１より出て、静脈側ドリップチャンバー
５に入り患者の静脈Ｖへ戻る。The operation of the above embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1. First, the blood taken out from the patient's artery A by the blood pump 1 enters the artery inlet A1 of the blood flow direction switching means 3 via the artery side drip chamber 2. , Exits from the outlet B1 and enters the filter 4 from the inlet F1 of the blood filter 4. Then, exit from the outlet F2 of the blood filter 4, enter B2 of the blood flow direction switching means 3 described above,
From the vein outlet V1, it enters the vein side drip chamber 5 and returns to the vein V of the patient.
【００２３】血液の流れは以上のごとくであるが、ここ
で敢えて説明するまでもないが、その血液の濾過は、上
記の血液フィルター４からの濾過液はその濾過液排出口
６から排出される（図４も参照）。そして、その排出量
にあたる量の補充液が、補充液供給手段７から補充液ポ
ンプ８で上記の静脈側ドリップチャンバー５に送られ
る。こうして、その血液は体内に送り返される。The flow of blood is as described above, but it is needless to say that the blood is filtered by filtering the filtrate from the blood filter 4 through the filtrate outlet 6. (See also Figure 4). Then, the amount of the replenishing liquid corresponding to the discharged amount is sent from the replenishing liquid supplying means 7 to the vein side drip chamber 5 by the replenishing liquid pump 8. Thus, the blood is sent back to the body.
【００２４】つぎに、図２は、その血流方向が切り変わ
り、図１のものと逆になった状態を示す。この図で明白
なごとくに、その血流回路の接続を変えることなく、そ
の血液フィルター４内の血流方向が図１のものと逆にな
っている。この血流方向の切り替えを交互に間欠的に行
うものである。こうして、上記の動脈側ドリップチャン
バー２と静脈側ドリップチャンバー５の中間に設けた血
流方向切り換え手段３を切り替えると、上記の血液フィ
ルター４の血液の流れのパターンが変わり、それまで淀
んでいた部分の流速、すなわち膜表面の線速度が上がり
膜表面への蛋白ゲル層の形成が防止される。Next, FIG. 2 shows a state in which the direction of the blood flow is switched and is opposite to that of FIG. As is apparent in this figure, the direction of blood flow in the blood filter 4 is reversed from that in FIG. 1 without changing the connection of the blood flow circuit. This switching of the blood flow direction is alternately and intermittently performed. In this way, when the blood flow direction switching means 3 provided between the arterial side drip chamber 2 and the vein side drip chamber 5 is switched, the blood flow pattern of the blood filter 4 changes, and the part that stagnates until then is changed. Flow rate, that is, the linear velocity on the membrane surface is increased, and the formation of a protein gel layer on the membrane surface is prevented.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】本発明にかかる血液フィルターへの血流
方向切替装置と方法は、以上のごとくになったゆえに以
下のごとき多大な効果が生じた。すなわち、血液濾過法
および血漿分離法における血液フィルターの血液凝固や
膜の目づまりが大幅に抑止でき治療効果及び安全度が向
上し、高価な血液フィルターの性能維持による経済的利
点が生じた。さらに、血液の体外循環に必要な坑凝固剤
の使用量を減らすことも可能になった。The blood flow direction switching device and method for a blood filter according to the present invention have the following great effects because of the above-mentioned circumstances. That is, the blood coagulation and the membrane clogging of the blood filter in the hemofiltration method and the plasma separation method can be largely suppressed, the therapeutic effect and the degree of safety are improved, and the economical advantage is obtained by maintaining the performance of the expensive blood filter. Furthermore, it has become possible to reduce the amount of anticoagulant used for extracorporeal circulation of blood.
【図１】本発明の血流方向切替装置を設置した血液濾過
装置の概略回路図を示したものである。FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a blood filtering device provided with a blood flow direction switching device of the present invention.
【図２】その血流方向が切り替えられた回路図を示すも
のである。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram in which the blood flow direction is switched.
【図３】この血流方向切替装置を血漿交換装置と方法へ
の使用例の回路図を示すものである。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing an example of use of this blood flow direction switching device in a plasma exchange device and method.
【図４】上記の実施例に用いる中空糸型血液フィルター
の拡大断面図である。FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber blood filter used in the above example.
１ 血液ポンプ ２ 動脈側ドリップチャンバー ３ 血流方向切り替え手段 ４ 血液フィルター ５ 静脈側ドリップチャンバー Ａ’回路血液取り出し回路 Ｖ’血液送り返し回路 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blood pump 2 Arterial side drip chamber 3 Blood flow direction switching means 4 Blood filter 5 Vein side drip chamber A'circuit Blood extraction circuit V'Blood return circuit
Claims (4)
出す血液取り出し回路、該血液取り出し回路からの血液
を血液フィルターに送る血液ポンプ、該血液ポンプの出
口につながる動脈側ドリップチャンバー、該動脈側ドリ
ップチャンバーの出口につながる血流方向間欠切替手
段、該血流方向間欠切替手段にその入口と出口がそれぞ
れにつながるものであって血液を濾過し濾液を廃棄する
血液フィルター、上記の血流方向切替手段の静脈側出口
につながる静脈側ドリップチャンバー、該静脈側ドリッ
プチャンバーの入口側につながる補充液供給手段、上記
の静脈側ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内に送り返
す血液送り返し回路、より構成されることを特徴とした
血液フィルターへの血流方向の切替装置。1. A blood filtering device for extracting blood from the body, a blood pump for sending blood from the blood extracting circuit to a blood filter, an artery-side drip chamber connected to an outlet of the blood pump, and an artery-side drip. An intermittent blood flow direction switching means connected to the outlet of the chamber, a blood filter having an inlet and an outlet connected to the intermittent blood flow direction intermittent switching means, which filters blood and discards the filtrate, and the above-described blood flow direction switching means And a replenisher supplying means connected to the inlet side of the venous drip chamber, and a blood return circuit for returning blood from the venous drip chamber to the body. Blood flow direction switching device to the blood filter.
出す血液取り出し回路、該血液取り出し回路からの血液
を血液フィルターに送る血液ポンプ、該血液ポンプの出
口につながる動脈側ドリップチャンバー、該動脈側ドリ
ップチャンバーの出口につながる血流方向間欠切替手
段、該血流方向間欠切替手段にその入口と出口がそれぞ
れにつながるものであって血漿を分離する血液フィルタ
ー、上記の血流方向切替手段の静脈側出口につながる静
脈側ドリップチャンバー、該静脈側ドリップチャンバー
の入口側につながるものであって上記の血液フィルター
により分離した血漿を廃棄または次の再処理工程へ送
る。上記の静脈側ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内
に送り返す血液送り返し回路、より構成されることを特
徴とした血液フィルターへの血流方向の切替装置。2. In a plasma separation apparatus, a blood extracting circuit for extracting blood from the body, a blood pump for sending blood from the blood extracting circuit to a blood filter, an arterial drip chamber connected to an outlet of the blood pump, and an arterial drip. Intermittent blood flow direction switching means connected to the outlet of the chamber, blood filter for separating plasma from the blood flow direction intermittent switching means, the inlet and the outlet of which are connected respectively, and the vein side outlet of the blood flow direction switching means. The venous drip chamber connected to the above, and the plasma that is connected to the inlet side of the venous drip chamber and separated by the above blood filter are discarded or sent to the next reprocessing step. A device for switching the blood flow direction to a blood filter, comprising a blood return circuit for returning blood from the vein side drip chamber to the body.
にて血液を体外に取り出し、血液ポンプにてその血液取
り出し回路からの血液を血液フィルターに送り、これを
血液ポンプの出口につながる動脈側ドリップチャンバー
を経て、血流方向間欠切替手段におくり、血流方向間欠
切替手段にその入口と出口がそれぞれにつながる血液フ
ィルターで血液を濾過し濾液を廃棄し、その濾過された
血液を上記の血流方向切替手段の静脈側出口につながる
静脈側ドリップチャンバーに送り、一方この静脈側ドリ
ップチャンバーの入口側につながる補充液供給手段で廃
棄された量の血液成分補充液を補充して、上記の静脈側
ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内に送り返すこと、
より構成されることを特徴とした血液フィルターへの血
流方向の切替方法。3. In a blood filtering device, blood is taken out of the body by a blood extracting circuit, blood from the blood extracting circuit is sent by a blood pump to a blood filter, and the drip chamber on the arterial side is connected to the outlet of the blood pump. After passing through the blood flow direction intermittent switching means, the blood flow direction intermittent switching means filters the blood with a blood filter whose inlet and outlet are connected to each other, discards the filtrate, and collects the filtered blood in the above blood flow direction. The venous drip chamber is sent to the venous drip chamber connected to the venous side outlet of the switching means, while the replenishing liquid supply means connected to the inlet side of the venous side drip chamber replenishes the discarded blood component replenishing liquid to replenish the venous drip. Sending blood from the chamber back into the body,
A method of switching the blood flow direction to a blood filter, which is characterized by being configured by:
にて血液を体外に取り出し、血液ポンプにてその血液取
り出し回路からの血液を血液フィルターに送り、これを
血液ポンプの出口につながる動脈側ドリップチャンバー
を経て、血流方向間欠切替手段におくり、血流方向間欠
切替手段にその入口と出口がそれぞれにつながる血液フ
ィルターで血漿を分離して廃棄または次の再処理工程へ
送り、その血漿分離した血液を上記の血流方向切替手段
の静脈側出口につながる静脈側ドリップチャンバーに送
り、その静脈側ドリップチャンバーからの血液を体内に
送り返すこと、より構成されることを特徴とした血液フ
ィルターへの血流方向の切替方法。4. In a plasma separation device, blood is taken out of the body by a blood extraction circuit, blood is sent from the blood extraction circuit by a blood pump to a blood filter, and the drip chamber is connected to the outlet of the blood pump. After passing through the blood flow direction intermittent switching means, plasma is separated by a blood filter whose inlet and outlet are connected to the blood flow direction intermittent switching means and is discarded or sent to the next reprocessing step, and the plasma separated blood is separated. Is sent to the vein side drip chamber connected to the vein side outlet of the blood flow direction switching means, and the blood from the vein side drip chamber is sent back to the body. Direction switching method.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6287104A JPH08126700A (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1994-10-28 | Apparatus for switching direction of bloodstream to blood filter and method therefor |
| DE29521618U DE29521618U1 (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1995-10-10 | Direction control device of the blood flow to a hemofiltration device |
| DE19537688A DE19537688A1 (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1995-10-10 | Directional control mechanism for blood flow to haemofiltration system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6287104A JPH08126700A (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1994-10-28 | Apparatus for switching direction of bloodstream to blood filter and method therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08126700A true JPH08126700A (en) | 1996-05-21 |
Family
ID=17713118
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6287104A Pending JPH08126700A (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1994-10-28 | Apparatus for switching direction of bloodstream to blood filter and method therefor |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08126700A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19537688A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005087610A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Blood purifying device and method of autotransfusion |
| JP2006055509A (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-02 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Blood purifying apparatus |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6648845B1 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2003-11-18 | Fresenius Medical Care North America | Method and apparatus for determining hemodialysis parameters |
| CA2318316C (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2007-04-10 | Mitra Medical Technology Ab | An apparatus for use in connection with removal of elements, especially exogenous antibodies, from blood or plasma |
| US6177049B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2001-01-23 | Dsu Medical Corporation | Reversing flow blood processing system |
| US6726647B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2004-04-27 | Gambro Ab | Method and device for measuring access flow |
| AU2004208554B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2008-11-06 | Gambro Lundia Ab | An apparatus and method for monitoring a vascular access of a patient |
| EP1691862A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2006-08-23 | Gambro Lundia AB | Method, apparatus and software program for measurement of a parameter relating to a heart-lung system of a mammal. |
| EP1691885B1 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2014-04-02 | Gambro Lundia AB | Switching device and apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid |
| ES2348407T3 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2010-12-03 | Gambro Lundia Ab | APPLIANCE TO CONTROL THE BLOOD FLOW IN AN EXTRACORPORE CIRCUIT. |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2519555A1 (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-07-18 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ALTERNATIVE PLASMAPHERESE WITH MEMBRANE APPARATUS |
| DE69215123T2 (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1997-06-05 | Alan M Peabody | Continuous peritoneal dialysis system |
-
1994
- 1994-10-28 JP JP6287104A patent/JPH08126700A/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-10-10 DE DE19537688A patent/DE19537688A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005087610A (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-04-07 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Blood purifying device and method of autotransfusion |
| JP2006055509A (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-02 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Blood purifying apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19537688A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
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