JPH08112749A - Rotary grinding wheel type cut-off grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To facilitate execution in equipment investment by improving sharpness and grinding power of a rotary grinding wheel. CONSTITUTION: A vibration generator 3 is fixed to a machining table 4 of supporting mountably/demountably a workpiece 2 of cut difficult material, and by particularly vibrating the workpiece 2 by operating the vibration generator 3, since the workpiece 2 repeatedly comes into contact with and separates from an edge point of a rotary grinding wheel 1, contact resistance between the workpiece 2 and the rotary grinding wheel 1 is reduced, to facilitate cut-off grinding. An effect of bearing point end abrasive grains of the rotary grinding wheel 1 by the workpiece 2 is generated, to increase cut-off grinding ability with also self edge generating action improved, and since good cut-off grinding ability can be maintained, the workpiece 2, even when it is a cut difficult material of large section, can be easily cut-off ground. Further by coming into contact with and separating from the edge point of the rotary grinding wheel 1, in a grinding point of the workpiece 2, a grinding fluid flows sufficiently into the grinding point. Further in particular vibration applied to the machining table 4 from the vibration generator 3, an external mechanism is protected from vibration by a vibration isolating means 5 of supporting the machining table 4, to improve efficiency of the vibration generator 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a grinding and cutting device for grinding and cutting a work such as fine ceramics with a disc-shaped rotary grindstone.

[0002]

_2. Description of the Related Art Difficult-to-cut materials such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ), sialon (Si, Al, O, N), etc. Fine ceramics and cemented carbide (W / C) are ground and cut with a diamond rotary grindstone, and hard-to-cut materials such as high-speed steel and tool steel, which are ferrous special steels, are hard-quenched, such as cubic boron nitride. It is ground and cut with a superabrasive rotary grinding stone.

This grinding cutting method is generally a direct cutting method, a swing cutting method, or an intermittent oscillation cutting method.

In the direct-cutting method, a blade in the peripheral portion of a rotating grindstone that rotates at a high speed is inserted into a work piece that is a difficult-to-cut material fixed to a working table. The moving direction of the rotary grindstone with respect to the fixed work piece in this case is an arc moving direction in which the rotary grindstone enters the work piece from the arc direction, and a horizontal straight line moving direction in which the rotary grindstone enters from directly beside the work piece. ,
There is a vertical movement direction in which the work is entered from directly above or below and a movement direction in which these movement directions are combined. Further, when the workpiece is ground and cut by the rotary grindstone, a grinding liquid (cooling liquid) is supplied between the rotary grindstone and the workpiece.

In the swing cutting method, the rotary grindstone rotating at a high speed is reciprocally swung in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the blades around the rotary grindstone are moved into the workpiece fixed to the machining table. ing. The moving direction of the rotary grindstone in this case is the same as that of the direct cutting method, and a grinding liquid is used when grinding and cutting the workpiece.

Further, in the intermittent oscillation cutting method, a rotary grindstone is intermittently introduced into the workpiece to gradually grind and cut the workpiece. For example, the rotary grindstone is lowered by a predetermined amount from directly above the work piece, the rotary grindstone or the work piece is slid laterally to grind and cut the work piece by a predetermined amount, and the rotary grindstone is further lowered by a predetermined amount. Alternatively, the workpiece is ground and cut by repeating the operation of sliding the workpiece laterally and further grinding the workpiece by a predetermined amount. Also in this case, the moving direction of the rotary whetstone has the same direction as the direct cutting method,
A grinding fluid is used when cutting and cutting a work piece.

[0007]

When a diamond rotary grindstone or cubic boron nitride rotary grindstone is used to grind and cut a work piece that is a difficult-to-cut material such as fine ceramics, the larger the cutting area of the work piece, the better. It has become difficult to grind and cut. That is, it is difficult to grind and cut a work piece of a difficult-to-cut material with a rotating grindstone that rotates at high speed, and it is possible to satisfactorily grind and cut only a very small cutting area, and when the cutting area of the work piece becomes large, There is a high probability that the cut surface of the workpiece will be bent or cracks or breaks will occur on the cut surface, and if it is bad, the rotating grindstone itself may crack.

Therefore, as a method for enhancing the sharpness and grinding power of a difficult-to-cut material by a rotary grindstone, a grinding and cutting method is known in which ultrasonic vibration is applied to the rotary grindstone or the grinding processing liquid (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-111166, etc.). reference). According to this method, the grinding processing liquid between the rotary grindstone and the workpiece vibrates ultrasonically, so that a cleaning action and a stirring effect are produced, and the processing waste deposited on the working surface of the grindstone is removed. Further, since the grinding liquid is efficiently supplied to the grinding point, it prevents welding of the processing scraps on the work surface and improves the discharge property of the processing scraps, so that there is an effect of reducing scratches on the grinding cut surface. ,
The machinability has not been improved by simply grinding and cutting a large cross-section of difficult-to-cut materials.

In another technique, in which the rotating grindstone itself is ultrasonically vibrated, the effect of hitting the abrasive grains at the tip of the grindstone against the work piece is produced, and the spontaneous blade action of the abrasive grains is promoted.
Improves grindability of difficult-to-cut materials.

However, ultrasonic vibration of the rotary grindstone has a problem that it requires a large amount of power, high technology and expensive equipment, and is difficult to carry out. Further, when ultrasonically vibrating the rotating grindstone, ultrasonic vibration that impedes smooth high-speed rotation of the rotating grindstone is added between the rotary shaft of the rotating grindstone and the bearing, which causes a problem that the grinding cutting accuracy of the workpiece is deteriorated. there were.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary grindstone type grinding and cutting device which further enhances the grinding force of the rotary grindstone and is advantageous in terms of equipment investment.

[0012]

A technical means for achieving the above object of the present invention is to equip a vibrating device for specially vibrating a workpiece to be ground and cut by a rotary grindstone.

In the present invention, it is practical to fix the vibration exciter to a machining table that supports the workpiece, and to apply the special vibration of the exciter to the workpiece through the machining table. Desirable for.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the machining table is supported by the vibration isolating means having elasticity to absorb the special vibration applied to the machining table by the vibrator. It is effective in the application to prevent the transmission of special vibration of the exciter to other than.

[0015]

[Function] When grinding and cutting with the rotating grindstone, the workpiece vibrates in a special manner to repeatedly come into contact with or separate from the cutting edge of the rotating grindstone. Resistance is reduced, grinding and cutting are easy, and
The work piece has the effect of hitting the cutting edge abrasive grains of the rotating grindstone, which increases the grindability and the self-developing blade action is improved, and good grindability can be maintained, making it easy to grind even difficult-to-cut materials with large cross sections. Can be cut.

By repeating the contact of the grinding point of the work piece with the cutting edge of the rotary grindstone, the grinding fluid sufficiently flows into the grinding point, so that the cooling effect is improved and
The object to be processed has the effects of preventing the occurrence of cracks due to thermal strain, improving the effect of removing processing chips, and preventing the occurrence of scratches and chipping on the ground surface.

Further, by applying the special vibration only to the workpiece and the processing table, it is possible to prevent the harmful vibration from being propagated to the drive system for rotating the rotary grindstone at a high speed and other electric components, and to process the special vibration. The output of the vibration exciter can be reduced by focusing on the object.

Further, by vibrating the workpiece only through the machining table, there is an advantage that the existing rotary grindstone drive system and electrical system can be used as they are.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Examples will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The grinding and cutting device of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a device for laterally moving a workpiece 2 with respect to a rotary grindstone 1 which rotates at a high speed at a fixed position. A work table 4 that detachably supports the object 2 and a vibrator 3 fixed to the work table 4. The processing table 4 is supported on a slide base 6 via, for example, a vibration isolator 5, and the slide base 6 is supported on a horizontally fixed rail base 7 so as to be laterally movable. When the workpiece 2 is moved into the rotating grindstone 1 which is moved forward laterally and rotates at a high speed, a grinding liquid (not shown) may be applied between the rotating grindstone 1 and the workpiece 2 as needed. Supplied.

The workpiece 2 is a difficult-to-cut material such as alumina or zirconia fine ceramic, and is shown as a column in the drawing, but the material and shape are not specified. The rotary grindstone 1 is a disc-shaped grindstone such as a diamond rotary grindstone or a cubic boron nitride rotary grindstone corresponding to the material of the workpiece 2, and is fixed vertically to a horizontal rotary shaft 8. The rotary grindstone 1 may move up and down according to the shape of the workpiece 2.

In the processing table 4, for example, a front wall 11 and a rear wall 12 are erected on both ends of the upper surface of a horizontal base 10, and a clamper 13 is slidable on the horizontal base 10 between the front wall 11 and the rear wall 12. This is a structure in which the clamper 13 is arranged and moved back and forth by a screw rod 14 screwed on the rear wall 12. Front wall 11 and clamper 1
Place the work piece 2 on the horizontal table 10 between the 3 and 3
The workpiece 2 is fixed to the processing table 4 by manually rotating the workpiece and moving the clamper 13 forward to sandwich the workpiece 2 between the clamper 13 and the front wall 11. At this time, the front-back movement of the clamper is not limited to the screw rod, but may be a fluid cylinder or the like. As shown in FIG. 2, the front wall 11 and the horizontal base 10 are formed with a slit 15 into which a peripheral blade portion of the rotary grindstone 1 is inserted, and the rotary grindstone 1 enters the slit 15 to grind the workpiece 2. Be disconnected. On the lower surface of the horizontal table 10, the vibrator 3
Are fixed with bolts or the like.

The vibration exciter 3 gives a proper special vibration to the work piece 2 via the processing table 4, and uses an air pressure or hydraulic pressure as a drive source of the special vibration, or uses an electric vibrator. What you did is applied. The special vibration direction of the work piece 2 by the shaker 3 can be a horizontal horizontal direction, a horizontal front-back direction, or a combined vertical and horizontal direction, in addition to the vertical direction shown by the arrow in FIG. Workpiece 2
It is selected according to the material and processing content.

The anti-vibration means 5 for supporting the processing table 4 on the slide base 6 is a spring, a rubber-like elastic member, an air pressure type or a hydraulic type which absorbs the special vibration applied to the processing table 4 by the operation of the vibrator 3. Is a shock absorber. The special vibration of the vibration exciter 3 is not transmitted to the slide base 6 and the rail base 7 by the vibration isolator 5, and thus the special vibration of the vibration exciter 3 is concentrated and transmitted only to the machining table 4 and the workpiece 2. Thus, the vibrator 3 can be used efficiently.

As shown by the solid line in FIG. 1, the processing table 4
The work piece 2 is fixed to the work table 4, and while the vibrating device 3 vibrates the work table 4 and the work piece 2 in a special manner, the slide base 6 is moved forward as shown by the chain line in FIG. At 1, the workpiece 2 is ground and cut. At this time, a grinding fluid (not shown) is supplied between the work pieces 2 by the rotary grindstone 1 and flows through a cut portion which is ground and cut by the rotary grindstone 1 of the work piece 2.

When the work piece 2 is ground and cut by the rotary grindstone 1 in this way, the work piece 2 is vibrated specially by the vibrator 3, so that the work piece 2 contacts the cutting edge of the rotary grindstone 1. Since the material is repeatedly moved and separated, the contact resistance between the work piece 2 and the rotary grindstone 1 is reduced, grinding and cutting are facilitated, and the effect of hitting the work piece 2 against the cutting edge abrasive grains of the rotary grindstone 1 is achieved. Occurs, the grinding and cutting property is increased, and the self-sharpening action is improved,
Good grinding and cutting performance can be maintained, so even difficult-to-cut materials with large cross-sections can be easily ground and cut.

Incidentally, the grinding point of the work piece 2 is repeatedly brought into contact with or separated from the cutting edge of the rotary grindstone 1, whereby a grinding liquid (not shown) sufficiently flows into the grinding point, so that the cooling effect is obtained. By improving, the work piece 2 at the grinding point is prevented from cracking due to thermal strain, and the effect of removing the processing waste is improved,
It was confirmed by an experiment that it has an effect of preventing the occurrence of scratches and chippings on the ground cut surface of the workpiece 2.

The type of workpiece 2 used in this experiment was an alumina-based fine ceramic, and the type of rotary grindstone 1 was a diamond rotary grindstone.

The special vibration generating vibrator 3 is an air type, and the specifications of the special vibration are 0.02 mm in amplitude, the frequency is 60 Hz, and are best when the vertical direction is simple. The maximum amplitude is 1.0 mm and the minimum is 0. An appropriate range of 005 millimeters and a maximum frequency of 100 Hz and a minimum of 10 Hz is outside the range, and smooth vibration becomes impossible, and the effect of vibration cannot be obtained.

In the grinding and cutting apparatus shown in the second embodiment of FIG. 3, the work piece 2 is fixed at a fixed position, and the rotary grindstone 1 is lowered from directly above the work piece 2, so that the work piece 2 is rotated. 1 is a device adapted to enter, and includes a processing table 4 that removably supports a workpiece 2 and an exciter 3 fixed to the processing table 4. The processing table 4 is attached to the bed 6 via the vibration isolation means 5.
Supported by. Workpiece 2 fixed to processing table 4
When the rotary grindstone 1 enters from above, an unillustrated grinding liquid is supplied between the rotary grindstone 1 and the workpiece 2 as required.

The present invention can also be applied to the grinding and cutting apparatus other than the above-mentioned embodiments, such as the direct cutting method, the swing cutting method, and the intermittent oscillation cutting method, in the same manner as described above.

In the above embodiment, the wet grinding / cutting device for supplying the grinding liquid (cooling liquid) between the rotary grindstone and the workpiece has been described, but the dry grinding / cutting device does not use the grinding liquid. The present invention can also be applied to. In the case of this dry grinding and cutting apparatus, the cutting waste attached to the cut surface of the workpiece is reliably and quickly shaken off by the special vibration of the workpiece, and the sharpness and cutting force of the rotary grindstone are improved.

[0033]

According to the present invention, when grinding and cutting with a rotary grindstone, a special vibration of the work piece causes the work piece to repeatedly come into contact with or separate from the edge of the rotary grindstone.
The contact resistance between the work piece and the rotary grindstone is reduced, making it easier to grind and cut, and the work piece has the effect of hitting the cutting edge abrasive grains of the rotary grindstone, increasing the grindability and increasing the self-developing blade action. Since it is improved and good grindability can be maintained, even difficult-to-cut materials with large cross sections can be easily grinded and cut. In addition, by repeating contact between the grinding point of the work piece and the edge of the whetstone, the grinding fluid flows sufficiently into the grinding point, which improves the cooling effect and causes the work piece to crack due to thermal strain at the grinding point. It also prevents the generation of scraps and improves the effect of removing machining chips, and prevents scratches and chipping on the ground cut surface.

Further, in the dry type apparatus which does not use the grinding fluid, the cutting waste is surely and quickly removed by the special vibration of the workpiece to prevent the clogging, and the sharpness of the rotary grindstone and the cutting force are increased. There is also.

Further, since only the special vibration is applied to the workpiece, the vibration is not transmitted to the rotary grindstone and the drive system and electric system for rotating the grindstone at a high speed, so that the high speed rotation of the rotary grindstone is always performed smoothly. The grinding and cutting accuracy of the workpiece is improved. In addition, the existing one that rotates at high speed is used as the rotary grindstone, so that it is possible to provide a grinding and cutting device that is advantageous in terms of equipment investment.

Further, by fixing the vibration exciter to the machining table that supports the workpiece and supporting the machining table by the vibration isolator, special vibration due to the vibrator is concentrated only on the machining table and the workpiece. It became possible to use the vibration exciter efficiently.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a main part of a grinding and cutting apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a side view of the grinding and cutting apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a main part of a grinding and cutting apparatus showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 rotary whetstone 2 work piece 3 vibrator 4 processing table 5 vibration damping means

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A rotary grindstone grinding / cutting apparatus comprising a vibrator for specially vibrating a workpiece to be ground and cut by a rotary grindstone. 2. The vibration exciter is fixed to a machining table that supports a workpiece, and the machining table is supported by a vibration isolator that absorbs the special vibration applied by the vibration exciter. 2. The rotary grindstone grinding and cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the special vibration of the vibration exciter is effectively applied to the workpiece. 3. The amplitude of the special vibration is 1.0 mm to 0.005 mm, and the frequency is 10 to 10 mm.
2. The rotary grindstone grinding and cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vibration direction is 0 Hz, and the vibration direction is vertical / horizontal X / Y or a combination thereof.