JPH0794035B2 - Artificial seawater preparation - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is mainly for preparing artificial seawater for breeding various fishes inhabiting seawater, crustaceans such as crab and shrimp, anemones and other invertebrates in an aquarium. It relates to an artificial seawater preparation used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Needless to say, seawater is required for breeding seawater organisms in an aquarium. However, artificial seawater has been generally used as a material for easily preparing this seawater. This element of artificial seawater is a mixture of dissolved components in natural seawater consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and other trace components in a powder state according to its abundance ratio, By dissolving in water, it is possible to prepare artificial seawater having a salt concentration according to the type of marine organism.

[0003] In the breeding of saltwater fish, which is generally practiced at present, artificial seawater is dissolved in tap water to have a specific gravity of 2.8-.
Adjust to 3.0 Baume and adjust the water temperature to a specified level
It is common to set the temperature to about 26 ° C), add various commercially available bacterial elements, and allow the water to adapt to the water for a few days to a week without the fish, and then feed the fish with the fish. At the start of this breeding, ammonia is generated in the water due to decomposition of the feed, excrement, etc., and its concentration increases with the passage of days.

However, as is well known, this ammonia is extremely toxic to saltwater fish, and even a trace amount of it greatly affects the fish body, so that some fish will weaken and die with increasing concentration, especially after the start of breeding. Weeks to 10 days are the most dangerous, and the larger the number of fish, the earlier the effect will appear. Furthermore, with the generation of ammonia, bacteria that decompose it and convert it to nitrite (NO ₂ ) grow, but this nitrite is also toxic to fish and usually cannot be tolerated at a concentration of 1 mg / l or more, The increase in the above conversions does not mean that the danger is gone. That is, the seawater suitable for breeding could be adjusted only when the nitrous acid was stably and continuously converted into nitric acid by the aerobic bacteria.

[0005]

Therefore, in order to adjust a suitable breeding seawater, the nitrite concentration is constantly checked, frequent water changes are carried out to reduce the concentration, and aerobic bacteria are aerated. However, in general, this adjustment may take several months depending on the condition of the aquarium, and it takes a lot of time and the number of fish that will die will increase. At this stage, most of the beginners experience the difficulty of breeding saltwater fish and give up breeding.

[0006] Furthermore, it is difficult to maintain a good breeding seawater once it has been adjusted, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of ammonia and nitrite, and the water quality deteriorates quickly and water must be changed in a short period of time. I have to. In addition, in order to avoid the risk of ammonia and nitrous acid, it is not possible to increase the number of breeding tails per fixed amount of water, and for this reason, especially when breeding many seawater organisms at pet shops etc., the number of aquariums is increased and a large space Need.

On the other hand, abundant oxygen is required to grow aerobic bacteria in a saltwater fish tank, and if this oxygen is insufficient, the growth of anaerobic bacteria will be promoted and the water will become increasingly unfit for breeding. The aeration is capable of generating a large amount of fine bubbles, and as a filtering device, a large filtering tank having a high filtering capacity is required for the size of the water tank, which results in a high equipment cost.

In view of the above situation, the object of the present invention is to easily adjust the seawater suitable for breeding seawater organisms, and to maintain a stable state of good water quality for a long period of time. In addition to significantly improving the survival rate and habitation period of organisms, it is possible to reduce the frequency of water change, increase the number of rearing per fixed amount of water, and use a very high-performance aeration and filtration device. It is to provide an artificial seawater preparation that is not needed.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the artificial seawater preparation according to the present invention comprises a concentrated aqueous solution or powder of artificial seawater components, and barley stone powder is 1 to 10 parts of artificial seawater components. This is a structure in which the components are added and mixed in the range of wt%.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Detailed Structure and Action of the Invention As is well known, bakuhanseki contained in the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention is a very porous mineral belonging to quartz porphyry in igneous rocks, and has a pale yellowish brown to brown color. It has an appearance similar to barley rice with white phenocrysts of quartz and gray crystals of quartz scattered in a pale gray matrix, and it is produced in Kamo-gun, Gifu prefecture in Japan. However, this bakuhanishi has been used in the form of fine powder for a long time as a herbal medicine, etc., and it has been confirmed that it exhibits various medicinal effects even today.

The artificial seawater preparation of the present invention may be in any of a liquid form in which the above-mentioned barley stone powder is added and mixed to a concentrated aqueous solution of an artificial seawater component, and a powder form in which it is added and mixed to the artificial seawater component powder. The former can be diluted with an appropriate amount of water, and the latter can be dissolved in an appropriate amount of water to prepare seawater for breeding according to the type of seawater organism. This seawater is turbid at the beginning because it contains barley stone powder, but it can be immediately clarified in a short time by the operation of a simple filtration device used in a normal breeding aquarium, and can be immediately used for breeding seawater organisms.

However, when, for example, a saltwater fish is bred with the saltwater prepared by the artificial saltwater preparation of the present invention, it is surprising that the saltwater nitrite concentration in the water is the same as that of the saltwater fish in the past, and even freshwater fish are almost completely destroyed. Even if it reaches a high level such as 1 mg / l or more, the fish are not much harmed and can swim well and eat well, and aerobic bacteria rapidly grow at a very early stage from the start of breeding, The nitric acid concentration decreases due to conversion to nitric acid, the water quality suitable for breeding is naturally adjusted at an early stage, good water quality lasts for a long time, and dirt and odor do not easily occur, and high transparency is maintained. The number of water changes can be greatly reduced.

Therefore, if this artificial seawater preparation is used,
It is extremely easy to breed seawater organisms such as saltwater fish, and even beginners can breed for a long time with almost no failure from the beginning, and the labor such as water change and cleaning is significantly reduced.
As for aeration and filtration equipment, there is no need for exceptionally high performance or large equipment, and the equipment cost is reduced accordingly.

Further, as described above, since the influence of the nitrite concentration is very small, there is an advantage that the number of breeding tails of saltwater fish etc. per constant water amount can be increased. This is convenient not only for improving breeding efficiency and space efficiency in pet shops, but also for avoiding killing due to competition between fish. In other words, saltwater fish generally have a strong sense of territory and there are many conflicts among the same species. It is often hurt and killed, but this conflict can be prevented considerably by increasing the number of fish in the tank and weakening the territory consciousness. However, such a means could not be employed conventionally because the number of tails cannot be increased due to the problem of ammonia-nitrous acid.

On the other hand, according to the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention,
Most of the saltwater fish can be reared even if the salt concentration of the seawater to be prepared is low. That is, in general preparation of artificial seawater, the Baume degree is set to about 2.8 to 3.0, but when the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention is used, it is not necessary to have a high salt concentration as described above. It is possible to cultivate saltwater fish at a Baume degree of around 1.0 or less without any danger, and it is also possible to dilute salt concentration and to mix saltwater fish and freshwater fish. There is an advantage that the amount is low and economical, and the amount of salt dripping outside the water tank is very small.

[0016] Various excellent advantages as described above are brought about by the barley stone powder incorporated in the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention, and the action is mainly based on the porous structure and multi-material composition peculiar to barley stone. It is supposed to be. That is,
It is confirmed by electron micrograph that barley stone is a very porous mineral, and the particles themselves have a sponge-like porous structure even in the form of fine powder. A unique multi-material mineral containing a large amount of various components such as magnesia, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lime, ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide, phosphoric acid anhydride, and manganese oxide in small amounts together with compounded water and attached water. However, since it is porous and has a very large surface area, it exhibits a high adsorption power, and it has the property of eluting various minerals and oxygen in water and neutralizing PH. By the correlation of elution, it shows a water quality regulating action to keep the amount of dissolved components in water such as minerals within a certain range.

Although the detailed action mechanism of seawater prepared using the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention is unknown,
Hazardous components such as ammonia and nitrous acid generated by the breeding of seawater organisms are detoxified by the adsorption action of baryhanite powder, other physical action or chemical action, and dissolved by neutralization of PH and elution of oxygen. It is considered that the increase of oxygen content promotes the growth of aerobic bacteria. The pH at normal seawater concentration is a weak alkaline region of about 8.0 to 8.3, which is a factor that makes it difficult for aerobic bacteria to grow, which is generally said to grow faster in the neutral region. There is.

Furthermore, in seawater prepared with this artificial seawater preparation, dirt and odorous components are adsorbed on the barley stone powder, and the microorganisms that are the source of these components are also adsorbed and their activity is hindered. Since the above-mentioned water quality regulating action is exhibited, good water quality with high transparency is maintained for a long period of time, and water is activated by elution of minerals and oxygen, so that the health and vitality of seawater organisms are maintained. It is estimated that high survival rate and long life period can be achieved.

The artificial seawater component used in the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention should have a composition ratio close to that of the dissolved components in natural seawater, and any powder mixture that is generally commercially available as a source of artificial seawater can be used. Can also be used. The main components of this artificial seawater include sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium bromide, boric acid, ammonium chloride, potassium phosphate, etc. In addition, various trace components other than these can be appropriately blended.

The compounding amount of the barley stone powder in the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is 1 to 1 with respect to the above-mentioned artificial seawater component in both liquid form and powder form.
0% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 5% by weight. If the blending amount is too small, the above-mentioned effects cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and if it is too large, no harm is caused, but it takes a long time to clarify water and the material cost is high, which is uneconomical.

In the liquid form of the artificial seawater preparation, the salt concentration of the artificial seawater component (solid) is about 30 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water in order to adjust the salt concentration depending on the species by dilution. A concentrated aqueous solution in which is dissolved is preferable. In addition, both the liquid and powder-form artificial seawater preparations can be mixed with various bacteria, preventive and therapeutic agents for wounds, nutritional supplements and other additives as required.

In order to prepare seawater using the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention, it suffices to add an appropriate amount of tap water and set the required salt concentration. The suitable range of this salinity differs depending on the marine organisms to be bred, but it is about 0.5 to 1.2 Baume for ordinary saltwater fish, and 1.2 for invertebrates such as anemones and crustaceans such as shrimp and crab. ~ 1.5 Baume is sufficient. As a matter of course, the breeding cost is high, but the salt concentration close to that of natural seawater does not hinder the breeding of these marine organisms. Further, when saltwater fish and freshwater fish are stored together, it is preferable that the Baume degree is about 0.2 to 0.8, although there is a difference depending on the fish species.

The water temperature during breeding is usually set to about 25 to 26 ° C., but it has been found that a variety of saltwater fish breeding can be carried out at a high temperature of 28 ° C. or higher,
This is also an advantage of the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention. As described above, the water change may be performed at an extremely low frequency as compared with the conventional one, and may be performed at a time when a large amount of nitrite is generated, and the water change of 1/3 is sufficient. Usually, the same water can be used for a long period of 2-3 months.

The artificial seawater preparation of the present invention is not limited to seawater used for aquariums for appreciation, but can also be used for preparation of seawater for fish tanks, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, etc. It can also be used for rearing seaweed.

[0025]

Example 1 300 parts by weight of artificial seawater component powder (trade name: Aqua Ocean manufactured by Nippon Animal Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 500 parts by weight of water, and 6 parts by weight of barley stone powder was added and mixed in this aqueous solution. It was used as a liquid artificial seawater preparation. And this artificial seawater preparation 8
24 g of artificial seawater (salt concentration 0.8 Baume) was prepared by diluting 00 g with tap water, and the total amount was put into a water tank having the following constitution and the filtration device was put into operation to clarify the water after 5 hours. Next, put the following saltwater fish in this aquarium,
A breeding test was conducted. The salt concentration was measured with a Baume meter manufactured by Nippon Aquarium Industry Co., Ltd.

Size of water tank 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm Filtration device Air pump and water production made by Mizusaku Co., Ltd. S Sand in the water tank Coral sand (extra fine particles) Approximately 3 kg Water temperature 25 ° C. ) Input fish Cobalt sparrow… 2 fish, small butterflyfish… 4 fish

From the start of the breeding of the above-mentioned saltwater fish, tap water is replenished only for natural evaporation without changing the water to maintain the water level,
After 30 days of feeding twice a day, the nitrite concentration (measured by the tetranitrite reagent) reached about 1 mg / l, but the transparency of the water was high, and all the fish were bright and healthy. He was swimming and had good prey. Furthermore, all the fish were still alive after 3 months from the start of breeding, and no fish were weak or died.

Example 2 An artificial seawater preparation comprising a powder mixture of 300 parts by weight of artificial seawater component powder (same as in Example 1) and 6 parts by weight of barley stone powder was used, and this was added to tap water and mixed. Salinity 1.
0 baume of artificial seawater was prepared. Then, 26 liters of this artificial seawater was placed in a water tank having the following structure, and when the filtration device was operated, the water was clarified after 40 minutes. Next, the following saltwater fish was put into this aquarium to perform a breeding test.

Size of aquarium 30 cm × 30 cm × 36 cm Filtration device Submersible pump SQ-10 made by Nippon Aquarium Industry Co., Ltd. is connected to a water pump M made by Suisaku Co., Ltd. with a pipe by an air pump. Sand Coral sand (extra fine particles) Approximately 3 kg Water temperature 30-32 ° C (heater not installed, normal temperature, but temperature is high locally and partly due to heat of fluorescent lamp installed in the upper part of the water tank, resulting in high temperature) Input fish Shirikisuzumi… 3, cobalt sparrow… 3

From the start of breeding the above-mentioned saltwater fish, tap water is replenished only for natural evaporation without changing the water to maintain the water level,
At 30 days after feeding twice a day, nitrite was not detected at all and PH was 7.5. This non-detection of nitrite is considered to be the result of faster growth of the bacteria that convert nitrite into nitric acid because the filtration capacity is higher than that in the water tank specifications of Example 1.
And the transparency of the water was very high and all fish were healthy, lustrous and prey-friendly. Furthermore, all fish continued to survive healthy for more than 3 months after the start of breeding, no fish died or died, and the nitrite concentration was 0.1 mg /
It has remained at a low value of 1 or less.

Example 3 The same liquid artificial seawater preparation as in Example 1 was diluted with tap water to prepare 25 liters of artificial seawater having a salt concentration of 1.0 Baume, which was placed in a water tank having the same specifications as in Example 1. After the water was clarified by operating the filtration device and 30 water was clarified, 30 damselfish (body length: about 2 cm) were added and a breeding test was conducted at a water temperature of about 25 ° C. From the beginning of this breeding, tap water was replenished only by natural evaporation without water change to maintain the water level, feeding twice a day for 30 days, and the fight between the fish was slight. No dead fish appeared in the tail, and the water remained highly transparent.

Example 4 The same artificial seawater preparation as in Example 1 was used, which was diluted with tap water to prepare an artificial seawater with a salinity of 0.2 Baume 26.
1 liter was prepared, and this was placed in a water tank having the same specifications as in Example 2, and after the water was clarified by operating the filtration device, the following saltwater fish, freshwater fish and aquatic plants were put in this water tank and a breeding test was conducted. It was Saltwater fish Sirix sparrow… 5 fish, small butterflyfish… 1 freshwater fish Baratus… 5 fish, goldfish… 1 aquatic plant Freshwater breeding… 3 strains

From the start of the breeding, tap water was replenished only for natural evaporation without changing the water, the water level was maintained, feeding was carried out twice a day, and 30 days later, nitrite was completely detected. However, the pH was 7.2, which was almost neutral water. The transparency of the water was very high, and there was no dead fish in either saltwater fish or freshwater fish. Both were healthy, had good color and luster, and had good aquatic plants. Furthermore, all the fish have survived more than 3 months after the start of breeding, and no fish have weakened.

Example 5 An artificial seawater preparation comprising a powder mixture of 300 parts by weight of artificial seawater component powder (same as in Example 1) and 10 parts by weight of barley stone powder was used, which was added to tap water and mixed. An artificial seawater having a salinity of 1.0 Baume was prepared. Then, this artificial seawater was placed in a commercial water tank having the following structure, the filtration device was operated for 24 hours, and then the following seawater fish was put into this water tank for breeding. The breeding starts in the winter (December).

Size of water tank 120 cm × 45 cm × 45 cm Water amount 210 liters Filtering device A large filtration tank (60 cm × 45 cm × 45 cm) containing 4 kg of granular zeolite was provided, and SQ-10 (same as Example 2) was provided as an auxiliary in the water tank A new flower filter manufactured by Mizusaku Co., Ltd. is connected to the floor. The sand in the aquarium is about 10 kg of fine sand. Water temperature 26 ° C in winter, 30 ° C in summer. In addition to 3-5 fish, there are always 10-20 small seawater fish such as small butterflyfish, squirrel sparrow, and cobalt sparrow, and 2-5 freshwater fish such as grammy, plati, and barriatus.

From the start of this breeding, tap water was replenished only for the naturally evaporated components without changing the water once to maintain the water level, and the breeding fish were sold and new incoming fish were introduced while continuing feeding twice daily. During the period up to 6 months, a small number of newly arrived small fish died a total of 3 fish within 2 to 3 days after the introduction, and there were no other problems. It is probable that this dead fish had already been damaged or sick at the time of arrival.

At the time of the above 6 months, however, the nitrite concentration was 0.1 mg / l or less and there was no problem in water quality, but the nitrate concentration was high, so the first water change I went. For this water change, with the breeding fish still in the aquarium, draw 1/3 of the total amount of water from the bottom of the aquarium using a hose, supplement tap water to match this, and then use the same artificial seawater preparation as above. In addition, the Baume degree was adjusted to 0.8. Two small fish died within a few days from the time of this adjustment, but there were no other problems, and no dead fish came out until the second water change three months later.

The second water change (9 months after the start of breeding) was carried out in order to cope with the new arrival of saltwater fish sensitive to water quality. Like the first time, 1/3 of the total water amount was changed. Was removed, and tap water and an artificial seawater preparation similar to the above were added to adjust the Baume degree to 1.0. However, no dead fish occurred after this water change, and all fish are alive and healthy. Including the second water change, the bed sand in the aquarium has not been washed from the start of breeding until it is agitated, and the filter medium in the filtration tank has not been washed with the first water filling. The transparency of No. 1 was continuously good, and there was no problem as a commercial water tank.

[0039]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION According to the artificial seawater preparation of the present invention, in the liquid form, it is simply diluted with an appropriate amount of water, and in the powder form, it is dissolved in an appropriate amount of water. It is possible to prepare artificial seawater for breeding according to the above, and even if the prepared artificial seawater reaches a high concentration of nitrite in the early stage of breeding, which is conventionally unbearable by freshwater fish, there is very little harm to the fish and it is bred. Since aerobic bacteria grow rapidly at the very early stage and the water quality suitable for breeding is adjusted early and naturally, and the good water quality lasts for a long period of time and does not generate dirt or odor and maintains high transparency. The number of water changes can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional case.

Therefore, using this artificial seawater preparation,
It is extremely easy to breed seawater organisms such as saltwater fish, and even beginners can breed for a long time with almost no failure from the beginning of breeding, and the labor such as water change and cleaning is significantly reduced,
As for aeration and filtration equipment, there is no need for exceptionally high performance or large equipment, and the equipment cost is reduced accordingly. In addition, as described above, the effect of nitrite concentration is very small, so there is an advantage that the number of breeding tails of saltwater fish etc. per fixed amount of water can be increased, and this only increases breeding efficiency and space efficiency in pet shops etc. Not only that, it becomes possible to weaken the territory consciousness of a fish with a strong fighting spirit and avoid the killing caused by the fight between the fishes. Furthermore, even if the salt concentration of seawater to be prepared is lowered, most of the saltwater fish can be bred, so the amount of artificial seawater components used is small and economical, and the amount of salt dripping outside the aquarium is greatly reduced, In addition, there is an advantage that saltwater fish and freshwater fish can be mixed.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A concentrated aqueous solution or powder of artificial seawater component ,
The barley stone powder is in the range of 1 to 10% by weight with respect to the artificial seawater component.
An artificial seawater preparation that is added and mixed in the enclosure .