JPH0782864B2 - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0782864B2 JPH0782864B2 JP59120806A JP12080684A JPH0782864B2 JP H0782864 B2 JPH0782864 B2 JP H0782864B2 JP 59120806 A JP59120806 A JP 59120806A JP 12080684 A JP12080684 A JP 12080684A JP H0782864 B2 JPH0782864 B2 JP H0782864B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrolyte
- fuel cell
- electrolyte layer
- fine particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
- H01M8/0293—Matrices for immobilising electrolyte solutions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は、電解液を保持した電解質層を有する燃料電池
に係り、特に上記電解質層構造を改良した燃料電池に関
する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fuel cell having an electrolyte layer holding an electrolytic solution, and more particularly to a fuel cell having an improved electrolyte layer structure.
燃料電池は、例えば水素等の酸化されやすいガスと酸素
等の酸化力のあるガスを適当な電解質のもとで電気化学
反応させることにより、直流電力を得るものである。こ
の種の燃料電池において、電解質層は、電池特性の向
上、およびその長期的安定性を図るうえで非常に重要な
役割を担う。燃料電池を最適な状態で作動させるため
に、電解質層は次の様な性質を有する必要がある。A fuel cell obtains direct-current power by electrochemically reacting a gas such as hydrogen, which is easily oxidized, with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen, under an appropriate electrolyte. In this type of fuel cell, the electrolyte layer plays a very important role in improving cell characteristics and achieving long-term stability thereof. In order to operate the fuel cell in an optimum state, the electrolyte layer needs to have the following properties.
燃料電池の動作温度領域で熱的・化学的に安定である
こと イオン導電性があり抵抗が小さいこと。It is thermally and chemically stable in the operating temperature range of the fuel cell. It has ionic conductivity and low resistance.
電子的に絶縁体であること。Be electronically insulating.
電解液の浸透性があり、含浸補給が容易であること。Permeability of the electrolyte solution and easy replenishment by impregnation.
燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとが電解質層を通して拡散・透
過し交差混合することを防ぐべく十分な泡出出力を有す
ること。The fuel gas and the oxidant gas should have sufficient bubble output power to prevent diffusion and permeation through the electrolyte layer and cross-mixing.
可能なかぎり薄くすることができ、しかも機械的強度
を有すること。Be as thin as possible and have mechanical strength.
これらが、電解質層として必要な性質である。しかしな
がら、前記の条件のなかには背反する条件が含まれてお
り、たとえば、十分な泡出圧力を具備させる目的でフッ
ソ系樹脂の添加量を多くすると、電解液の浸透性が劣り
含浸・補給が困難になるものであり、また機械的強度を
増加させる目的で、電解質層を厚くすると電池抵抗の増
大につながるものであった。These are the properties required for the electrolyte layer. However, some of the above-mentioned conditions include contradictory conditions. For example, if the amount of the fluorine-based resin added is increased for the purpose of providing a sufficient foaming pressure, the permeability of the electrolytic solution becomes poor and impregnation / supply is difficult. In addition, increasing the thickness of the electrolyte layer for the purpose of increasing the mechanical strength leads to an increase in battery resistance.
この様に均一組成からなる単一な電解質層を形成して、
前記条件を満足させるためには、前記のいくつかの背反
する条件の一方に、ある程度の制約を加える必要があっ
た。By forming a single electrolyte layer of uniform composition in this way,
In order to satisfy the above conditions, it was necessary to add some restrictions to one of the above-mentioned contradictory conditions.
この発明は、前記欠点を解決するために成されたもの
で、電池特性を長時間に亘り安定に保つ電解質層を有す
る燃料電池を提供するものである。The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and provides a fuel cell having an electrolyte layer that keeps the cell characteristics stable for a long time.
［発明の概要］ 本発明は、燃料極と酸化剤極との間に電解質を保持する
電解質層を挟持してなる燃料電池において、前記電解質
層は、電解質母材となる絶縁微粒子を有し前記酸化剤極
側に設けられる第１の層と、この第１の層よりも平均粒
径の小さな絶縁微粒子を有し前記燃料極側に設けられる
第２の層とを備えたことを特徴としている。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fuel cell in which an electrolyte layer holding an electrolyte is sandwiched between a fuel electrode and an oxidizer electrode, wherein the electrolyte layer has insulating fine particles serving as an electrolyte matrix. It is characterized by comprising a first layer provided on the oxidant electrode side and a second layer provided on the fuel electrode side having insulating fine particles having an average particle size smaller than that of the first layer. .
［発明の効果］ かくして本発明によれば、電解質として具備しなければ
いけない性質が電解質層を電解質保持能力が異なる２層
に分割することにより満足され、電池特性を長時間に亘
り安定に保つことが出来る。[Effect of the Invention] Thus, according to the present invention, the property that must be provided as an electrolyte is satisfied by dividing the electrolyte layer into two layers having different electrolyte holding capacities, and the battery characteristics are kept stable for a long time. Can be done.
まず、本発明の実施例を説明する前に本発明に関連した
参考例から説明する。First, before describing the embodiments of the present invention, reference examples related to the present invention will be described.
（参考例） 電解質層母材（マトリックス）として粒度の一定な炭化
珪素（SiC）を用い、フッ素系樹脂の添加量を変化させ
てそれぞれ100μｍ程度の層を２層形成し、全体で200μ
ｍとした。ここで燃料極に接する層はフッ素系樹脂の添
加量をSiCに対して10w/o程度添加したものを用い、酸化
剤極に接する層は3w/o程度としたものを用いた。次に酸
性電解質を所定量含浸したところ、フッ素系樹脂の添加
量の少ない層を通して容易に所定量の電解質を電解質層
全体に含浸することができた。また、この電解質層の有
する泡出出力は、680〜760mmHgを示し、フッ素系樹脂添
加量10w/o厚さ200μｍの均一組成からなる電解質層と同
程度であることが判明した。(Reference example) Silicon carbide (SiC) with a constant particle size was used as the electrolyte layer base material (matrix), and two layers of about 100 μm each were formed by changing the addition amount of the fluorine-based resin, and the total 200 μm
m. Here, the layer in contact with the fuel electrode was used by adding about 10 w / o of the amount of fluorine resin to SiC, and the layer in contact with the oxidant electrode was used by about 3 w / o. Next, when a predetermined amount of the acidic electrolyte was impregnated, it was possible to easily impregnate the entire electrolyte layer with the predetermined amount of the electrolyte through the layer having a small amount of the fluorine-based resin added. Further, it was found that the bubble output of this electrolyte layer was 680 to 760 mmHg, which was about the same as that of an electrolyte layer having a uniform composition with a fluorine resin addition amount of 10 w / o and a thickness of 200 μm.
（実施例） 次に、本発明の実施例を説明する。(Example) Next, the Example of this invention is described.
電解質の結着材として、一定量のフッ素系樹脂を添加
し、電解質母材（マトリックス）である炭化珪素（Si
C）の粒子径をそれぞれ変化させて厚さが100μｍ程度の
層を２層形成し、全体で200μｍとした。As a binder for the electrolyte, a certain amount of fluorine-based resin was added, and silicon carbide (Si
The particle diameter of C) was changed to form two layers each having a thickness of about 100 μm, and the total thickness was 200 μm.
燃料極側に接する層は、SiCの粒径が１μｍ程度のもの
を、フッ素系樹脂5w/oを添加し形成し、酸化剤極側は、
SiC粒径10〜20μｍ程度のものを同じくフッ素系樹脂5w/
oを添加して形成した。The layer in contact with the fuel electrode side is formed by adding 5 w / o of fluorocarbon resin with a SiC particle size of about 1 μm.
Fluorine-based resin 5w / with SiC particle size of 10 ~ 20μm
It was formed by adding o.
次に酸性電解質を所定量含浸させたところ、SiC粒子径
の大きな層を通して、容易に電解質を電解質層全体に含
浸することができた。Next, when a predetermined amount of the acidic electrolyte was impregnated, the whole electrolyte layer could be easily impregnated with the electrolyte through a layer having a large SiC particle size.
また、この電解質層の有する泡出圧力は680〜760mmHgを
示し、Sic粒子径が１μｍ程度のものを使用し200μｍの
厚さに均一組成で形成した電解質層と同程度であること
が判明した。Further, it was found that the bubble pressure of this electrolyte layer was 680 to 760 mmHg, and was about the same as that of the electrolyte layer formed with a uniform composition to a thickness of 200 μm using a Sic particle diameter of about 1 μm.
つまり上述した参考例においては、フッ素系樹脂の添加
量の多い程、実施例においては、マトリックス粒子径が
小さい程、電解質保持性が高く、泡出圧力を高める効果
を担う層であり、他方の層はそれぞれ電解質保持性が低
く電解液の含浸ならびに補給を容易にする効果を担う層
である。That is, in the above-mentioned reference example, the larger the amount of the fluorine-based resin added, and in the examples, the smaller the matrix particle size, the higher the electrolyte retention, and the layer responsible for the effect of increasing the bubble pressure. Each of the layers has a low electrolyte retention property and has an effect of facilitating impregnation and replenishment of the electrolytic solution.
なお、上述した参考例および実施例における電解質層を
用いて燃料電池を形成し、特性試験を行ったところ従来
の均一な電解質層を有する燃料電池に比較し、長時間に
わたり安定した電子特性を得ることが出来た。A fuel cell was formed by using the electrolyte layers in the above-mentioned Reference Examples and Examples, and a characteristic test was conducted, and compared with a conventional fuel cell having a uniform electrolyte layer, stable electronic characteristics were obtained for a long time. I was able to do it.
（発明の応用例） 上述した実施例において、電解質母材（マトリックス）
としてSiCを使用した例を示したが、SiCの換わりにTaC,
SiO2,ZrO2,TaO5の粒子を使用した場合でも、その粒子径
を変化させることにより、電解質保持能力が調整するこ
とが可能である。(Application Example of the Invention) In the above-described embodiment, the electrolyte matrix (matrix) is used.
Although an example using SiC as an example was shown, TaC,
Even when particles of SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and TaO 5 are used, the electrolyte retention capacity can be adjusted by changing the particle diameter.
第１図は本発明に係る燃料電池の単セルの概略の断面図
である。 １……多孔質電極板、２……燃料電極触媒、３……電解
質層、４……電解質保持能が高い電解質層、５……電解
質保持能が低い電解質層、６……酸化剤極触媒。FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a single cell of a fuel cell according to the present invention. 1 ... Porous electrode plate, 2 ... Fuel electrode catalyst, 3 ... Electrolyte layer, 4 ... Electrolyte layer with high electrolyte retention capacity, 5 ... Electrolyte layer with low electrolyte retention capacity, 6 ... Oxidizer electrode catalyst .
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭57−154766（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−115770（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭58−129778（ＪＰ，Ａ) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A-57-154766 (JP, A) JP-A-58-115770 (JP, A) JP-A-58-129778 (JP, A)
Claims (4)
る電解質層を挟持してなる燃料電池において、 前記電解質層は、電解質母材となる絶縁微粒子を有し前
記酸化剤極側に設けられる第１の層と、この第１の層よ
りも平均粒径の小さな絶縁微粒子を有し前記燃料極側に
設けられる第２の層とを備えたことを特徴とする燃料電
池。1. A fuel cell in which an electrolyte layer holding an electrolyte is sandwiched between a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode, wherein the electrolyte layer has insulating fine particles serving as an electrolyte matrix, and the oxidant electrode side And a second layer having insulating fine particles having an average particle size smaller than that of the first layer and provided on the fuel electrode side.
〜20μｍ、前記第２の層の絶縁微粒子の粒径をほぼ１μ
ｍに設定して成ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１
項記載の燃料電池。2. The particle size of the insulating fine particles in the first layer is approximately 10
~ 20μm, the particle size of the insulating fine particles of the second layer is about 1μ
Claim 1 characterized in that it is set to m
The fuel cell according to the item.
は、SiC、TaC、SiO2、TrO2、から選ばれた少なくともい
ずれかの粒子により構成されていることを特徴とする特
許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電池。3. The insulating fine particles of the first layer and the second layer are composed of at least one particle selected from SiC, TaC, SiO 2 and TrO 2 . The fuel cell according to claim 1.
れぞれほぼ同一の割合でフッ素系樹脂が添加されている
ことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃料電
池。4. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer are added with a fluororesin at substantially the same ratio.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59120806A JPH0782864B2 (en) | 1984-06-14 | 1984-06-14 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59120806A JPH0782864B2 (en) | 1984-06-14 | 1984-06-14 | Fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS612277A JPS612277A (en) | 1986-01-08 |
| JPH0782864B2 true JPH0782864B2 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
Family
ID=14795437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59120806A Expired - Lifetime JPH0782864B2 (en) | 1984-06-14 | 1984-06-14 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0782864B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05137822A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-06-01 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Core bar and golf club shaft |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57154766A (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1982-09-24 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Fuel cell |
| JPS58115770A (en) * | 1981-12-26 | 1983-07-09 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell |
| JPS59228365A (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1984-12-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Electrolyte holding matrix of fuel cell |
-
1984
- 1984-06-14 JP JP59120806A patent/JPH0782864B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS612277A (en) | 1986-01-08 |
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