JPH0781557A - Ventilation device for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a ventilation device for a vehicle which prevents the fluctuation of pressure propagating from the ventilation device to the inside of vehicle and also prevents such passenger's earplug-like phenomena due to the unbalanced air volume of a feed/discharge fan, in a simple constitution, while satisfying a necessary ventilation volume against increase of the outside pressure according to the increase in a vehicle speed. CONSTITUTION:A ventilation device is constituted of a plate spring 2 deformed in accordance with the increased volume of a ventilation fan, a limit switch 4 for detecting the deformation of the plate spring 2 and putting on or off a contact, a stream cut-off mechanism composed of a movable grill 5 and a stationary grill 6, an actuator 7 closing the stream cut-off mechanism, a solenoid valve 8 driving the actuator 7, and restoring spring 9 opening the cut-off mechanism. In this way, the ventilation device prevents the flactuation of the outside pressure from propagating into the inside of carriage when it is traveling at a high speed and a pleasant space in the carriage can be obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle ventilator, and more particularly to a vehicle ventilator suitable for railway vehicles traveling at high speed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When vehicles pass each other in a tunnel, the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates most, and its magnitude is almost proportional to the square of the speed of the vehicle if the cross-sectional areas of the vehicle body and the tunnel are the same. Therefore, the higher the speed, the greater the value of the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle when traveling in the tunnel. in this case,
The problem is that the outside pressure exceeds the top pressure of the blower of the ventilation device, the outside air flows backward from the blower and the inside pressure changes rapidly, and as a result, passengers feel discomfort (hereinafter,
Called ear deafening) will be given. In order to prevent the earlobe phenomenon, it is necessary to apply a blower having a pressure characteristic equal to or higher than the pressure variation outside the vehicle as a ventilation device, or to provide a pressure relief mechanism in the ventilation system to suppress the propagation of the pressure outside the vehicle to the vehicle interior. . Applying a blower having a pressure characteristic that is equal to or higher than the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle increases the motor capacity, which leads to an increase in the size of the ventilation device and also increases the power consumption. Therefore, a method of keeping the in-vehicle pressure within a certain range is provided by providing a flow path shut-off mechanism in the ventilation system and suppressing an increase / decrease in the air volume of the supply / exhaust blower due to changes in the outside pressure.

[0003] Conventionally, as a vehicle ventilation device with a flow path shut-off mechanism used for a railroad vehicle traveling at high speed, a leaf spring is used to increase the air volume of a ventilation blower as described in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 05-08286. It is known that the change is detected and the change in the vehicle interior pressure is suppressed by shutting off the shutoff means provided in the blower in response to the detection signal.

[0004]

In the above-mentioned prior art, a timer controls the energization time of an electromagnet type actuator such as a solenoid for closing the flow path. Since it does not operate to open the road, when the tunnel length is short, the vehicle transit time is short, and the vehicle is unnecessarily closed, resulting in insufficient ventilation. On the other hand, if the tunnel length is long and the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle is still large after the timer setting time elapses, the flow path opening / closing operation will be repeated, and proper selection of the timer setting time will greatly affect the control effect. become.
In addition, a controller having a timer or the like is required, and there are many factors that reduce reliability due to malfunctions and the like.

It is an object of the present invention to prevent the passengers from feeling uncomfortable and prevent a passenger from feeling uncomfortable when the vehicle is traveling at a high speed in a tunnel by suppressing the propagation of the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle from the ventilation fan. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle ventilation device with a simple flow path shut-off mechanism that can secure the above.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the flow passage is closed in the flow passage of an air supply fan that takes in fresh air outside the vehicle into the vehicle and an exhaust fan that discharges contaminated air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle. A shutoff means is provided, and a mechanical switch such as a limit switch detects the displacement of the leaf spring that deforms due to an increase in the air volume, and the operation of the switch causes the actuator to operate the shutoff means via a solenoid valve to shut off the flow path. Take action. On the other hand, when it is desired to open the shutoff means, the opening operation is performed by the spring force of the restoring spring so that control can be performed without using a timer.

[0007]

[Function] Generally, the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates greatly when the vehicle passes each other in the tunnel. To prevent the pressure from propagating from the ventilation device to the inside of the vehicle, the increase in the air volume of the blower is detected and the pressure exceeds a certain value. If this happens, you can close the ventilation passage.

For example, when the pressure outside the vehicle largely changes to the negative pressure side, the air volume of the air supply fan decreases and the air volume of the exhaust fan increases. At this time, on the exhaust fan side, a leaf spring provided in the middle of the flow path is deformed due to pressure loss due to an increase in wind speed, and when the air volume exceeds a certain level, a detection lever of a mechanical switch such as a limit switch is pushed. The contact point of the limit switch has an arbitrary dead zone so as to make a difference between the operating position on the entry side and the operating position on the cut side. Then, when the contact of the limit switch is closed, power is supplied to the solenoid valve, and the actuator operates the shutoff means to be in the shutoff state,
The deformation of the leaf spring tries to return to the original state. At this time, the external pressure changes greatly to the negative pressure side, and a pressure difference occurs before and after the shutoff means, and a frictional force is generated in the operating part of the shutoff means. Hold. Then, when the pressure to open the closing means is reached, the spring force of the restoring spring overcomes the frictional force to open the closing means. When the vehicle exterior pressure returns to atmospheric pressure, the leaf spring does not press the limit switch even if the shutoff means is open, and the contacts are open, so the shutoff means remains open. Therefore, the shutoff means maintains the shutoff state only while the large vehicle outside pressure fluctuation continues. On the contrary, when the pressure outside the vehicle changes to the positive pressure side, the air supply fan side performs the above operation.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the unbalance of supply and exhaust air volume when the pressure outside the vehicle fluctuates, so that it is possible to prevent passengers from feeling uncomfortable and to provide passengers with a comfortable environment inside the vehicle. it can.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a flow path shut-off mechanism of a first embodiment of a vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention,
2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the flow path closing mechanism, FIG. 3 is a detailed side view of the flow path closing mechanism, FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view when the flow path closing mechanism is operated, and FIG. 5 is a flow path closing mechanism. FIG. 6 is a detailed side view of the case where the pressure is applied, and FIG. 6 is a view showing the relationship between the vehicle exterior pressure and the restoring spring force.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a duct having a built-in flow path shut-off mechanism attached to the supply / exhaust system, 2 is a leaf spring that is deformed by an increase in air volume, and 3 is the amount of deformation of the leaf spring 2. 4 is a limit switch for detecting the displacement of the leaf spring. 5
Is a movable grill installed in the duct to block the outside and the inside of the air flow path, 6 is a fixed grill arranged so as to slide over the movable grill 5, and 7 is the movable grill. A driving actuator for closing, 8 is a solenoid valve for operating the actuator, 15 is an air supply source thereof, and 9 is a restoring spring for opening the movable grill 5.

The flow path shut-off mechanism comprises the movable grill 5 having a plurality of elongated holes and the fixed grill 6. 2 to 5
More specifically, the fixed grill 6 is fixed to the duct 1 and is arranged in a sandwich shape so as to sandwich the movable grill 5, and a very small gap is maintained between the two. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the air flows through the long holes formed in the movable grill 5 and the fixed grill 6 as shown by the arrows, but when the respective long holes match, a large amount of air flows. Then, when the leaf spring 2 detects an increase in the air volume due to the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle, the contact of the limit switch 4 is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 8 is supplied with power, and the actuator 7
4 is driven to move the movable grill 5 in a direction perpendicular to the flow of wind with less resistance due to wind pressure, and the elongated hole of the fixed grill 6 and the elongated hole of the fixed grill 6 are displaced from each other. Cut off the flow path. In this way the movable grill 5
In the closed state where the elongated holes of the fixed grill 6 and the fixed grill 6 do not match, the movable grill 5 is pressed against the fixed grill 6 by the wind pressure, so that the air leakage is very small and the air volume becomes almost zero. 2 returns to the undeformed state. At this time, an arbitrary width is provided at the contact input side and the cut side position of the limit switch 4, and the movable grill 5 maintains the cutoff state for several seconds until the leaf spring 2 returns to the position without deformation. A pressure difference is applied to the front and rear of the flow path shut-off mechanism due to the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle, the movable grill 5 is pressed against the fixed grill 6, and a frictional force is generated at point A in FIG. 4, that is, the broken line hunting portion in FIG. The frictional force keeps the cutoff state.

On the other hand, in order to open the movable grill 5, the relation between the wind pressure applied to the front and rear of the flow path shut-off mechanism, that is, the pressure difference between the front and rear, and the frictional force between the movable grill 5 pressed against the fixed grill 6 is determined. As shown in FIG. 6, the spring force of the restoring spring 9 is grasped in advance and the spring force of the restoring spring 9 is adjusted so as to overcome the frictional force when the pressure variation outside the vehicle becomes equal to or less than the allowable value and the pressure to open the movable grill 5 is reached. Adjust and make the opening operation. That is, even if the pressure in the actuator 7 is released, if the spring force of the restoring spring 9 is larger than the friction force of the movable grill 5 pressed against the fixed grill 6,
Although the movable grill 5 is opened by the twisting force of the restoring spring 9, otherwise, the cutoff state is maintained until an arbitrary set pressure is reached.

A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a second embodiment of the flow path shutoff mechanism of the vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention. Code 1
9 and 15 are the same members as in the first embodiment,
Reference numeral 12 is a buffer mechanism pin-connected between the leaf spring 2 and the duct 1.

The leaf spring 2 increases the air flow rate due to the fluctuation of the pressure outside the vehicle.
When the detection is made, the contact of the limit switch 4 is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 8 is supplied with power, the actuator 7 is driven, the movable grill 5 is operated, and the movable grill 5 is displaced from the oblong hole of the fixed grill 6 to cut off the flow path. I do. At this time, the contact has an arbitrary width so as to make a difference between the ON value and the OFF value of the limit switch 4, and the operating speed until the deformation of the leaf spring 2 returns to zero by the buffer mechanism 12. By delaying, the cutoff state can be maintained for a longer time. Then, a pressure difference is applied to the front and rear of the flow path shut-off mechanism due to the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle, the movable grill 5 is pressed against the fixed grill 6, and the cutoff state is maintained by the frictional force. Further, the buffer mechanism 12 has an effect of relaxing free vibration of the leaf spring 2 and maintaining strength reliability.

Another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a third embodiment of the flow path shutoff mechanism of the vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention. Reference numbers 1 to
3, reference numerals 5 to 9 and reference numeral 15 are the same members as in the first embodiment, reference numeral 11 is a limit switch for performing a set input, reference numeral 13 is a limit switch for performing a reset input,
Reference numeral 12 is a cushioning mechanism pin-connected between the leaf spring 2 and the duct 1, and reference numeral 14 is a latching relay that holds an operating state by a set input and returns to a reset state by a reset input.

The leaf spring 2 increases the amount of air flow due to the fluctuation of the pressure outside the vehicle.
Limit switch 1 that performs set input when is detected
1 is operated, the contact of the latching relay 14 is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 8 is supplied with power, the actuator 7 is driven, and the movable grill 5 is operated, so that the long holes of the movable grill 5 and the long holes of the fixed grill 6 are formed. The flow path is blocked by shifting. At this time, the deformation of the leaf spring 2 returns to zero, and the limit switch 13 for reset input is operated. Further, by reducing the operation speed until the deformation of the leaf spring 2 returns to zero by the buffer mechanism 12, the time until the contact of the latching relay 14 is opened can be held longer. Then, a pressure difference is applied to the front and rear of the flow path shut-off mechanism due to the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle, the movable grill 5 is pressed against the fixed grill 6, and the cutoff state is maintained by the frictional force.

A fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a fourth embodiment of the flow path shutoff mechanism of the vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention. Figure 10
Is a diagram showing leaf spring displacement and air flow characteristics, and FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the earlobe allowable limit in the vehicle. Reference numerals 1 to 9 and reference numeral 15 are the same numbers as in the first embodiment, and reference numeral 10 is an orifice provided in the normally open port of the solenoid valve 8.

When the air volume increases by a certain amount or more due to the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle, the leaf spring 2 is deformed, the lever of the limit switch 4 is pushed, and the contacts of the limit switch 4 are closed. When the contact of the limit switch 4 is closed, the electromagnetic coil of the electromagnetic valve 8 is energized, and the actuator 7 operates the movable grill 5 to overcome the spring force of the restoring ring 9 to shut off the duct 1.
The energization of the electromagnetic coil of the solenoid valve 8 is cut off, and the solenoid valve 8 is always opened. In such a state, the pressure release speed in the actuator 7 becomes slower than when the solenoid valve 8 is energized by the action of the orifice 10 provided in the normally open port of the solenoid valve 8, and the movable grill 5 and the fixed grill 5 are kept for several seconds. Slots 6 do not fit. At this time, if the spring force of the restoring spring 9 is larger than the frictional force with the movable grill 5 pressed against the fixed grill 6 due to the pressure difference applied to the front and rear of the flow path shut-off mechanism, the actuator 7 opens the movable grill 5. If not, the frictional force keeps the cutoff state until the pressure reaches an arbitrary set pressure.

As for the shut-off duct operating air volume, the relationship between the fan air volume and the leaf spring displacement is measured in advance as shown in FIG. 10, and the magnitude of the air volume to be shut off (the change in the vehicle internal pressure is the width of the vehicle internal pressure change). Of the leaf spring displacement that does not exceed the earlobe permissible limit shown in FIG. 11, which is obtained empirically from the absolute value and the change speed, that is, is obtained from the allowable imbalance amount of the air volume). Adjust by shifting.

In such a structure, when the vehicle normally travels outside the tunnel, the flow passage shut-off mechanism is opened, and the necessary air volume is constantly blown by the supply and exhaust fans, so the air in the passenger compartment is clean. Is kept at. On the other hand, when the vehicle exterior pressure changes significantly, the flow passage shut-off mechanism closes, so the vehicle interior pressure does not change above a certain pressure. In addition, since the ventilation air volume becomes a normal value as soon as the pressure fluctuation outside the vehicle disappears, the ventilation air volume does not continue to drop for a long time to the extent that the air in the passenger compartment is polluted, and the sudden air flow outside the vehicle while driving inside the tunnel It is possible to prevent the pressure from propagating to the inside of the vehicle due to an increase in the pressure outside the vehicle due to pressure fluctuations or passing trains.
As a result, passengers do not feel deaf.

[0022]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to secure a comfortable indoor space by suppressing the propagation of the pressure variation outside the vehicle when the vehicle is traveling at high speed with a simple structure.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the flow path shutoff mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a detailed side view of the flow path shutoff mechanism of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view when the flow path shut-off mechanism of FIG. 1 closes.

5 is a detailed side view when the flow path shutoff mechanism in FIG. 1 is opened.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the vehicle exterior pressure and the restoring spring force of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of a vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of a vehicle ventilation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing leaf spring displacement and air volume characteristics.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing a tolerable earlobe limit in a vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Duct, 2 ... Leaf spring, 3 ... Stopper, 4 ... Limit switch, 5 ... Movable grille, 6 ... Fixed grille, 7 ... Actuator, 8 ... Electromagnetic valve, 9 ... Restoring spring, 10 ... Orifice, 11 ... Set input Limit switch, 12 ... Buffer mechanism, 13 ... Reset input limit switch, 14
… Latching relay, 15… Air supply source.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A ventilation device for a vehicle, comprising an air supply fan for taking in air outside the vehicle into the vehicle, an exhaust fan for exhausting air inside the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle, and a shutoff means provided at an inlet of the air supply fan and an outlet of the exhaust fan. In the above, the shut-off means are superposed on each other by a plurality of shut-off grills which are slidable with each other, and a restoring spring for performing an opening operation for matching the openings of the shut-off grills is provided. A ventilation device for a vehicle, wherein the frictional force generated when pressure fluctuations act on the grill is equal to or less than the frictional force.