JPH0759162B2 - Vegetation - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vegetation body for a vegetation mat work mainly used for revegetation work on sloping land, etc., and particularly to a novel plant having excellent seed retention, water resistance and heat retention. About vegetation.

[Technical background and drawbacks of prior art]

Greening of slopes, so-called slope greening, prevents surface erosion due to rainfall, frost heave, etc. and effectively prevents runoff of topsoil layers. As a vegetation method for such greening, it has been widely used in combination with a method for stabilizing a vegetation base, a knitting shelving method, a net method, or the like.

By the way, vegetation matting, a type of vegetation,
This is a construction method in which the slope is covered entirely with mats or sheets with fertilizers attached, and the success rate of vegetation is generally higher than other construction methods. Since many areas can be greened, many planar vegetation with various structures have been proposed and put to practical use.

However, the conventional planar vegetation is one in which seeds, fertilizers, soil (including organic fertilizer), soil conditioners, etc. are entwined with a carrier such as a mat or sheet, or they are integrated by adhering them. Therefore, there is a drawback that it is difficult to achieve the intended purpose due to the adhered matter falling off due to vibration during transportation or construction, or falling off due to rain, wind, or running water after construction and uneven distribution.

In order to solve this drawback, a film of water-soluble polymer to which seeds are attached is attached to a carrier such as a film, a net, or a straw, or the carrier is doubled and seeds are inserted between them. However, the former cannot prevent the runoff due to rain or runoff, and the latter is not sufficient because it is difficult to germinate or the seeds move and become unevenly distributed. Moreover, the more complicated the structure, the lower the productivity and the higher the cost. In addition, since seeds are exposed on the surface in all cases, there is a problem of feeding and damage by insects.

On the other hand, rice straw is ideal as a carrier material because it does not stain the ground or has runoff soil, but it is difficult to obtain rice straw and the adhesion of seeds is not expected, and paper, plastic film,
Nonwoven fabrics also have advantages and disadvantages in terms of various properties such as fixability on slopes, water retention, heat resistance, and germination performance, and are not ideal.

[Means for Solving Problems-Structure]

Many of the above-mentioned drawbacks are caused by attaching seeds and the like to the surface of the carrier.

Therefore, as a result of various studies, the present inventors have completed the present invention by paying attention to the fact that seeds and the like may be held not only on the surface of the carrier but also inside. That is, the vegetation of the present invention is a state in which only seeds or seeds and fertilizers, and other necessary additives such as soil and water retaining material are provided with a small lump of foamed plastic and a continuous void of about 5 to 50% by an adhesive. The greatest feature is that they are combined and integrated.

By doing so, seeds, fertilizer particles, soil particles, etc. smaller than the small lumps of foamed plastic adhere to the surface of the small lumps of foamed plastic or are fixed in continuous voids, and those of the same or larger size are expanded plastics. It is integrated with the blob to form a continuous void and is held stable. Of course, a part may be exposed on the surface of the vegetation. In any case, the continuous voids serve to dissolve fertilizer and retain water, and also help to grow shoots and roots.

Next, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail.

(Material) First, as the foamed plastic lump, foam beads having closed cells such as polystyrene and polyolefin and crushed polyurethane foam pieces having open cells are used. Further, a crushed product or a crushed product of the foamed molded product is also used.
Among these, in order to reduce absorption of the adhesive solution, closed-cell foam beads and a crushed product thereof are preferable.

The foam is used in consideration of weight reduction, cost reduction, heat retention, and ease of plant growth due to cushioning, and the expansion ratio is about 5 to 100 times in consideration of strength and other factors. Things are used. The size should be about 4 to 16 mm, taking into consideration the type and shape of seeds, the place of use and other conditions. These foamed plastics are mixed with seeds described later and integrated with an adhesive to obtain a sheet-shaped article or molded article having a wall thickness of 0.5 to 10 cm. The porosity of the obtained vegetation is about 5 to 50%, although it depends on the particle size and distribution of the foamed plastic nodules, seeds and other constituent materials.
The continuous porosity H (%) is the volume of vegetation bodies and V _0, the volume V ₂ is measured when died the vegetation body water volume V _1, H (%) = [(V ₀ + V ₁ ) −V ₂ ] ÷ V ₀ × 100.

Next, the seeds can be used in either grass or wood, and also include bulbs and inn roots, and one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds is used depending on the construction site and construction purpose. The size of seeds is 1-5m
There are various types such as red top of about m, Kentucky bluegrass, white clover, bamboo grass, etc., 5 to 10mm of weasel, Kentucky bluegrass 31, yamahagi, and even chestnuts, oak, yamamo etc. 10 to 20 or more, In accordance with this, it is advisable to appropriately select the particle size of the small pieces of foamed plastic and the mixing method.

As the adhesive, a water-soluble or water-dispersible adhesive such as polybutynyl alcohol-based, epoxy-based, urethane-based, vinyl acetate-based, acrylic-based, rubber-based, asphalt-based is used alone or in combination of two or more. . The adhesive forms a thin film after drying, but it is advisable to select and use the type and concentration that will not affect germination or elution of fertilizer components. The adhesive is used in a proportion of 90 to 360% by weight with respect to the small pieces (2) of the foamed plastic.

Fertilizers include fast-acting fertilizers and slow-acting fertilizers. Depending on the type of seeds and construction conditions, use only slow-acting fertilizers or a combination of both. However, the fertilizer may be applied separately and the use may be omitted. Further, the fertilizers include powdery ones, molded granular ones, and granular super slow-acting ones in which the surface of the granules is coated in a shell form. In the present invention, granules or granules can be mixed with small pieces or seeds of foamed plastic and solidified with an adhesive, or powders or granules can be dissolved in an adhesive before use. The usage ratio is about 0.25 to 300% by weight of the foamed plastic small block.

In addition, as an optional component constituting the vegetation, soil, fibrous reinforcement such as rockwool and palm, water retention agent such as acrylic cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, glycidyl cross-linked acrylic acid copolymer, pumice stone, zeolite You may mix and use the filler etc. of these etc. suitably.

(Manufacturing Method) The method for manufacturing the vegetative organism of the present invention is extremely simple. For example, in the case of the plate-shaped (planar) vegetative organism (1) shown in FIG. 1, small blocks (2) of foamed plastic and seeds (3). ... and other optional ingredients (such as fertilizer) are mixed with an adhesive and uniformly mixed, and the slurry is put into a mold with dehydration holes and hardened, and pressed as necessary, either as it is or removed from the mold. It is dried. Reference numeral (4) in the figure is an adhesive film. In addition, when the seeds are small grains or the proportion is small and they do not mix uniformly with the foamed plastic small lumps (2),
Seed (3) is mixed with adhesive beforehand, or seed (3)
It is advisable to apply a treatment such as sprinkling with a small lump (2) of foamed plastic. Alternatively, the small pieces (2) of foamed plastic may be mixed with the adhesive, and then the seeds (3) may be added and mixed by stirring to form a slurry.

Further, the slurry is applied onto a film such as polyester and dried to form a sheet-like material having a wall thickness of about 5 to 20 mm, and then the film is peeled off to obtain a vegetative body. Alternatively, the slurry is directly extruded into an appropriate thickness to be molded and dried. Then, it can be manufactured by various methods such as slicing a thick molded product into an appropriate thickness.

The size of the disk-shaped living body (1) is several tens of cm for easy handling.
It should be about 1 to 1 m square and the thickness should be 0.5 to 10 cm. If it is too thin, the strength will be low, and if it is too thick, it will be difficult to germinate or the cost will be high. More preferably, it is about 1 to 3 cm.

Further, the disc-shaped living organism (1) in FIG. 2 includes a solid fertilizer (5) in addition to the small blocks (2) of foamed plastic and the seeds (3).
…, Fiber (6)…, Small pieces of urethane foam (7)
..., the soil lump (8) ... is molded by stirring and mixing with an adhesive. The fibrous material (6) has a reinforcing and water-retaining effect, and the small blocks (7) of urethane foam serve as a water-retaining material and the organic soil blocks (8) ... serve as fertilizers. In addition, fertilizers, water retention agents, soil conditioners, soil erosion inhibitors, water retention materials, fillers, etc. may be dissolved or mixed in the adhesive as described above. However, these other additives and materials may be used as necessary.

In addition to the single layer, the vegetative organism (1) of the present invention has a structure shown in FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c), a double structure in which the surface layer is roughened and the seeds (3) are mixed and the back layer is finely mixed and the solid fertilizer (5) is mixed. Visually divided into three parts, with solid fertilizer (5) mixed in the center ... seeds (3) mixed in both sides (Fig. (B)), wood seed (3A) in the center ... herbaceous seeds in both sides (3B) ... can be considered.

Furthermore, in order to facilitate the fixation of the living body (1) to the slope, pin holes (9) are provided at four corners as shown in FIG. 3 (d),
When the surface is covered with soil or sand after construction, unevenness is provided on the surface as shown in Fig. 3 (e), or as shown in Fig. 3 (f) to prevent water field evaporation from the surface in summer. Various shapes are conceivable, such as providing a thin coating film (10) on the surface.

Further, the vegetation (1) of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned disc-shaped one, but the slope is greened linearly or is thinly formed or cut into a strip or a rod to stop soil or is formed into a prismatic shape. Also included are blocks, green blocks in the form of dots, and circular or square piles as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).

(Usage) Next, a procedure for performing vegetation using the vegetation body (1) will be described. Figure 5 shows the case of construction on slopes such as roads and cliffs. First, the slope (N) is prepared by cutting or filling, and if necessary, foundation work such as slope framing, knitting and netting. Then, the living organism (1) is fixed with anchor pins (11). At this time, if there is a gap between the vegetation body (1) and the slope, rooting will not take place. Therefore, it is preferable to finish the slope portion to which each vegetation body (1) is fixed. This is because the living organism (1) is not easily deformed, but this has the effect of suppressing the collapse of the slope to some extent, and
This means that it can be securely fixed by simply stopping at several points with anchor pins, etc., resulting in high construction efficiency. Then, sprinkle water, or if necessary, cover it with earth (12) as shown in the figure to complete the construction. Further, the vegetative organism (1) may be immersed in water before construction or may be stored in a cool dark place to promote germination.

The vegetation organism (1) of the present invention can be used not only for slope greening but also on flat land, and further for hydroponic cultivation. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a container (14) containing water (13)
When the vegetation organism (1) is set in, the seed (3) grows by absorbing the fertilizer component eluted from the vegetation organism (1) or previously dissolved in water. In this case as well, the seeds do not float or dissipate, and the seeds grow well due to the water-retaining effect of the continuous voids and the heat-retaining effect of the foamed plastic small lumps (2), and the cultivation is easy.

〔effect〕

As described in detail above, the vegetative organism of the present invention is added with foamed plastic nodules and seeds, or solid fertilizer, fiber or other additives as necessary, and bonded with an adhesive in a state having continuous voids. It is an integrated one.

Therefore, unlike the conventional planar vegetation in which seeds are attached to the surface of the carrier, the seeds are securely retained, and there is no separation or uneven distribution due to vibration, rain wind, or running water during handling. However, there is an advantage that an arbitrary amount of seeds, solid fertilizer and the like can be easily contained, the production is extremely simple, and the production is inexpensive.

Also, due to the heat retention and heat insulation properties of the foamed plastic small lumps that are carriers, construction in winter or summer is possible, and good slope greening can be realized in combination with the water retention due to the capillary phenomenon of continuous voids.

In addition, the foam's small lumps' resilience and heat-retaining properties prevent the outflow by suppressing the disturbance of the topsoil layer due to the impact force of raindrops, frost heaving, and frost pillar formation, and it is also strong against wind, rain, surface water, and spring It has many advantages such as resistance, rigidity of the vegetation itself, easy construction, suppression of collapse of the sloped surface soil, and effective protection of the slope in the early stage of revegetation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a disk-shaped implant according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing another example, FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (f) are modification examples of different disc-shaped implants, and FIG.
(B) * (c) * (d) is a top view, (e) * (f) is a side view. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are perspective views of different pile-like vegetation, FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a state of construction on a slope, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a state of hydroponics. Is. 1 ... Vegetation 2 ... Foam plastic lumps 3 ... Seeds 4 ... Adhesive film 5 ... Solid fertilizer 6 ... Fiber 7 ... Polyurethane foam lumps 8 ... Soil lumps 9 ... Pin holes 10 ... Coating film N ... Slope

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A vegetation characterized in that a small lump of foamed plastic having a size of 4 to 16 mm and a seed are bonded and integrated by an adhesive so that continuous voids become 5 to 50%. 2. The vegetation according to claim 1, which is integrated by adding fertilizer together with the seed. 3. The vegetative organism according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous resin dispersion.