JPH0758627B2 - Sodium-sulfur battery - Google Patents

Sodium-sulfur battery

Info

Publication number
JPH0758627B2
JPH0758627B2 JP1333458A JP33345889A JPH0758627B2 JP H0758627 B2 JPH0758627 B2 JP H0758627B2 JP 1333458 A JP1333458 A JP 1333458A JP 33345889 A JP33345889 A JP 33345889A JP H0758627 B2 JPH0758627 B2 JP H0758627B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
sodium
negative electrode
alumina ring
cartridge
sulfur battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP1333458A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH03194864A (en
Inventor
政信 森
正念 伊藤
孝志 安藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to JP1333458A priority Critical patent/JPH0758627B2/en
Publication of JPH03194864A publication Critical patent/JPH03194864A/en
Publication of JPH0758627B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0758627B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明はナトリウム−硫黄電池に関し、その目的とする
ところは安全性を向上させることにある。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a sodium-sulfur battery, and an object thereof is to improve safety.

(従来の技術) ナトリウム−硫黄電池は負極活物質であるナトリウムと
正極活物質である硫黄とをβ−アルミナ、β″−アルミ
ナなどのナトリウムイオン伝導性固体電解質により分離
し、300〜350℃の高温で作動させる密閉型高温二次電池
である。
(Prior Art) A sodium-sulfur battery separates sodium as a negative electrode active material and sulfur as a positive electrode active material with a sodium ion conductive solid electrolyte such as β-alumina or β ″ -alumina, It is a sealed high temperature secondary battery that operates at high temperature.

第3図はこのナトリウム−硫黄電池の従来構造を示す図
で、この図において固体電解質管(1)の内側はナトリ
ウムの充填された負極室(3)、外側は硫黄の充填され
た正極室(4)であり、固体電解質管(1)の上方には
α−アルミナリング(2)がガラス半田により接合され
ている。図中の符号(5)は負極蓋で円板部(6)と、
α−アルミナリング(2)の上面に接合されるフランジ
部(8)を設けた円筒部(7)とからなり、その材質は
アルミニウム、あるいはアルミニウム合金である。な
お、フランジ部(8)とα−アルミナリング(2)とは
アルミニウム層を介する熱圧接合や、Al−Si系のろう材
を介するろう付接合により固着されている。また、負極
室(3)内に挿入されている図中の符号(9)で示す部
材はステンレス製で大部分のナトリウムを保持している
カートリッジであり、電池作動時にはナトリウムはカー
トリッジ(9)内に充填されている不活性ガス(12:た
とえばN2ガス、やArガス)の圧力によりカートリッジ底
部の孔(10)を通って固体電解質管(1)とカートリッ
ジ(9)との間に形成される間隙部(11)に供給され
る。即ち、不活性ガス充填部(12)の最大圧力を0.5気
圧程度とし電池製造時に負極蓋(5)を真空中で取り付
けて負極室(3)の密封を行えば、ナトリウムの間隙部
(11)への供給が良好に行える。そして、負極の集電は
蓋(5)の円筒部(7)の下端が間隙部(11)のナトリ
ウムと接触することで行なわれている。
FIG. 3 is a view showing the conventional structure of this sodium-sulfur battery. In this figure, the inside of the solid electrolyte tube (1) is a negative electrode chamber (3) filled with sodium, and the outside is a positive electrode chamber filled with sulfur ( 4), and the α-alumina ring (2) is joined to the upper part of the solid electrolyte tube (1) by glass solder. Reference numeral (5) in the figure is a negative electrode lid and a disc portion (6),
and a cylindrical portion (7) provided with a flange portion (8) joined to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring (2), and the material thereof is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The flange portion (8) and the α-alumina ring (2) are fixed to each other by thermocompression bonding via an aluminum layer or brazing bonding via an Al-Si brazing material. Further, the member indicated by reference numeral (9) inserted in the negative electrode chamber (3) is a cartridge made of stainless steel and holding most sodium, and sodium is stored in the cartridge (9) when the battery is operated. It is formed between the solid electrolyte tube (1) and the cartridge (9) through the hole (10) at the bottom of the cartridge by the pressure of the inert gas (12: N 2 gas or Ar gas, for example) filled in the cartridge. Is supplied to the gap (11). That is, if the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling part (12) is set to about 0.5 atm and the negative electrode lid (5) is attached in vacuum and the negative electrode chamber (3) is sealed at the time of battery production, the sodium gap part (11) is formed. Can be supplied satisfactorily. The current collection of the negative electrode is carried out by bringing the lower end of the cylindrical portion (7) of the lid (5) into contact with the sodium in the gap (11).

(発明が解決しようとする課題) ところがナトリウム−硫黄電池は高温で作動するタイプ
の電池であって始動、停止による熱変化が大きくかつ、
金属とセラミックスとの熱膨張に差があるためとくに金
属製の負極蓋(5)とα−アルミナリング(2)との接
合部に熱応力によるクラックが発生し、破損が起こりや
すい。そして第3図に示す従来例では間隙部(11)内の
ナトリウムは集電部材として機能する負極蓋(5)の円
筒部(7)に常に接触しているため、円筒部(7)及び
フランジ部(8)とα−アルミナリング(2)との接合
部にクラックが発生するとナトリウムが電池外へ漏れ出
し、正極との間でリークを起こす可能性がある。また、
接合部にクラックが発生していても電池の作動が停止さ
れないので、大電流が流れ続け、さらにクラックの広が
る危険があり、安全性の面で問題を有している。
(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, a sodium-sulfur battery is a type of battery that operates at high temperature, and its thermal change due to start and stop is large, and
Since there is a difference in thermal expansion between the metal and the ceramics, cracks due to thermal stress occur particularly at the joint between the negative electrode lid (5) and the α-alumina ring (2) made of metal, and damage is likely to occur. In the conventional example shown in FIG. 3, the sodium in the gap (11) is always in contact with the cylindrical portion (7) of the negative electrode lid (5) that functions as a current collecting member. If cracks occur at the joint between the part (8) and the α-alumina ring (2), sodium may leak out of the battery and cause a leak with the positive electrode. Also,
Since the operation of the battery is not stopped even if a crack is generated at the joint portion, a large current continues to flow and there is a risk that the crack will spread, which is a safety issue.

(課題を解決するための手段) 本発明は上記の点に鑑みナトリウム−硫黄電池の安全性
を向上すべくなされたもので、上端部にα−アルミナリ
ングを固着した有底円筒状の固体電解質管の内側と外側
をそれぞれ負極室及び正極室とし、負極蓋の円周部分に
形成されて負極の集電を行う円筒部を前記α−アルミナ
リングの内周側面上部に配設し、また前記円筒部に設け
たフランジ部を前記α−アルミナリングの上面に接合し
たナトリウム−硫黄電池において、前記負極室内には大
部分のナトリウムを保持し、かつ前記固体電解質管の内
壁面との間の間隙部にナトリウムを供給する孔を底部に
有するカートリッジが挿入され、また前記α−アルミナ
リングの上面には、前記カートリッジ内の不活性ガス充
填部の最大圧力より高圧力の不活性ガスを充填した環状
空間部が、その一部を前記α−アルミナリングと前記フ
ランジ部との接合部に臨ませて全周にわたり形成されて
いることを特徴とするものである。
(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention has been made in view of the above points to improve the safety of a sodium-sulfur battery, and has a bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte having an α-alumina ring fixed to the upper end thereof. The inner and outer sides of the tube are respectively a negative electrode chamber and a positive electrode chamber, and a cylindrical portion formed in the circumferential portion of the negative electrode lid for collecting the negative electrode is disposed above the inner peripheral side surface of the α-alumina ring. In a sodium-sulfur battery in which a flange portion provided on a cylindrical portion is joined to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring, most of sodium is retained in the negative electrode chamber, and a gap between the solid electrolyte tube and the inner wall surface is formed. A cartridge having a hole for supplying sodium in the bottom portion is inserted, and the upper surface of the α-alumina ring is filled with an inert gas having a pressure higher than the maximum pressure of the portion filled with the inert gas in the cartridge. Annular space portion that is characterized in that it is formed over the entire circumference to face the junction between a part and the α- alumina ring the flange portion.

(実施例) 以下、本発明を図示のナトリウム−硫黄電池を実施例と
して詳細に説明する。
(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by using the illustrated sodium-sulfur battery as an example.

第1図は本発明のナトリウム−硫黄電池の要部断面図、
第2図は第1図の要部拡大図で第3図と同一部材は同一
符号で示されている。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a sodium-sulfur battery of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an essential part of FIG. 1, and the same members as those in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals.

この第1図及び第2図において、α−アルミナリング
(2)の上面には負極蓋(5)の円筒部(7)、フラン
ジ部(8)、フランジ部(8)の外周に環状溝(15)を
隔ててα−アルミナに接合される平板環状板(14)、そ
してこの平板環状板(14)の外周端部と円筒部(7)に
溶接される断面が逆L字状の環状体(13)とで全周にわ
たり環状空間部(16)が形成されており、その内部には
カートリッジ(9)内の不活性ガス充填部(12)の最大
圧力よりも高圧力の不活性ガス(N2ガス、Arガスなど)
が充填されている。即ち、不活性ガス充填部(12)の最
大圧力が0.5気圧程度であれば環状空間部(16)の圧力
は1気圧程度とすると良い。図1、図2に示すように、
この環状空間部(16)は環状溝(15)の部分をα−アル
ミナリング(2)とフランジ部(8)との接合部に臨ま
せてある。
In FIGS. 1 and 2, on the upper surface of the α-alumina ring (2), the cylindrical portion (7) of the negative electrode lid (5), the flange portion (8), and the annular groove ( 15) A flat plate annular plate (14) which is joined to α-alumina with a space therebetween, and an annular body whose cross section is welded to the outer peripheral end of the flat plate annular plate (14) and the cylindrical part (7) and has an inverted L shape. An annular space (16) is formed along the entire circumference with (13), and an inert gas (pressure) higher than the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling section (12) in the cartridge (9) is formed inside the annular space (16). N 2 gas, Ar gas, etc.)
Is filled. That is, if the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling section (12) is about 0.5 atm, the pressure of the annular space section (16) may be about 1 atm. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
The annular space (16) has the annular groove (15) facing the joint between the α-alumina ring (2) and the flange (8).

なお、この実施例においては断面が逆L字状の環状体
(13)と平板環状体(14)とを別部材で構成したが、α
−アルミナリング(2)への接合のしやすい形状の一体
の部材に形成することも可能である。また、これらの部
材(13)及び(14)に負極蓋(5)と同じ材料(アルミ
ニウムやアルミニウム合金)の金属を用いれば、熱膨張
によるひずみがかかることがなく、環状空間部(16)の
気密性保持の点で好ましい。
In addition, in this embodiment, the annular body (13) having an inverted L-shaped cross section and the flat plate annular body (14) are constituted by different members.
-It is also possible to form an integral member having a shape that is easily joined to the alumina ring (2). If a metal of the same material (aluminum or aluminum alloy) as the negative electrode lid (5) is used for these members (13) and (14), strain due to thermal expansion will not be applied, and the annular space (16) It is preferable in terms of maintaining airtightness.

さらに間隙部(11)に多孔体や繊維、粒状体を充填すれ
ば、ナトリウムの浸透性を良くし、固体電解質表面への
ナトリウムの供給を良好に行うことができる。そしてそ
の材質は電導性を高めることも考慮してステンレスやア
ルミニウム、鉄、銅、ニッケルなどの繊維やシートが好
ましい。ただしその充填部は本発明のものにおいては固
体電解質管(1)の表面部のみであり、即ち負極蓋
(5)の円筒部(7)に接して充填されていてはいけな
い。
Further, if the gap (11) is filled with a porous material, a fiber, or a granular material, the permeability of sodium can be improved, and the supply of sodium to the surface of the solid electrolyte can be performed well. The material is preferably a fiber or sheet of stainless steel, aluminum, iron, copper, nickel or the like in consideration of enhancing the electric conductivity. However, the filling portion is only the surface portion of the solid electrolyte tube (1) in the present invention, that is, it should not be filled in contact with the cylindrical portion (7) of the negative electrode lid (5).

(作用及び効果) このように構成されたものは、電池の作動時の熱サイク
ルにより金属製の負極蓋(5)とα−アルミナリング
(2)との接合部にクラックが発生してナトリウムが侵
入し、さらにこの接合部に臨ませて形成された環状空間
部(16)に環状溝(15)の部分からナトリウムが到達す
ると、負極室(3)と環状空間部(16)とが溶融ナトリ
ウムにより液絡した状態となるため、その時点で環状空
間部(16)内に充填されている不活性ガスの圧力により
ナトリウムは押し戻され、さらに不活性ガスが負極室
(3)側に流れ込むと間隙部(11)の上方にガスが溜
り、間隙部(11)内のナトリウムは下方に押される。そ
してその液面が集電部材として機能している円筒部
(7)よりも下がって接触が絶たれると、電池の作動は
止まり、電流が流れなくなるので、それ以上に破損が広
がらず、危険を回避できる。
(Operation and effect) In the case of such a structure, a crack is generated at the joint between the metal negative electrode lid (5) and the α-alumina ring (2) due to the thermal cycle during the operation of the battery, and sodium is generated. When sodium enters from the annular groove (15) portion to the annular space portion (16) formed so as to face the joint portion, the sodium in the negative electrode chamber (3) and the annular space portion (16) will be melted. Due to the liquid junction, sodium is pushed back by the pressure of the inert gas filled in the annular space (16) at that time, and when the inert gas flows into the negative electrode chamber (3) side, a gap is formed. Gas accumulates above the portion (11), and sodium in the gap (11) is pushed downward. When the liquid level drops below the cylindrical part (7) functioning as a current collecting member and the contact is cut off, the battery operation stops and the current stops flowing, so damage does not spread further and there is a danger. It can be avoided.

また、負極蓋(5)とα−アルミナリング(2)との接
合部のクラックから漏れ出たナトリウムは気密な環状空
間部(16)内にとどまり、それ以上外部に流出すること
がないので、同時に用いられている他の電池や周辺部材
に悪影響を与えることもなく、電池装置としての信頼
性、安全性を高めることができる。
Further, sodium leaking from the crack at the joint between the negative electrode lid (5) and the α-alumina ring (2) remains in the airtight annular space (16) and does not flow out any further. The reliability and safety of the battery device can be improved without adversely affecting other batteries and peripheral members used at the same time.

以上に説明したとおり本発明のものは従来の問題点を一
掃したナトリウム−硫黄電池として、産業の発展に寄与
するところは極めて大である。
As described above, the present invention is a sodium-sulfur battery which has eliminated the conventional problems and has a great contribution to the industrial development.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図は本発明の実施例を示す要部断面図、第2図は第
1図の要部拡大図、第3図は従来例を示す図である。 (1):固体電解質管、(2):α−アルミナリング、
(3):負極室、(4):正極室、(5):負極蓋、
(6):円板部、(7):円筒部、(8):フランジ
部、(9):カートリッジ、(10):孔、(11):間隙
部、(12):不活性ガス充填部、(13):断面が逆L字
状の環状体、(14):平板環状体、(15):環状溝、
(16):環状空間部
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of an essential part of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view showing a conventional example. (1): solid electrolyte tube, (2): α-alumina ring,
(3): negative electrode chamber, (4): positive electrode chamber, (5): negative electrode lid,
(6): Disc part, (7): Cylindrical part, (8): Flange part, (9): Cartridge, (10): Hole, (11): Gap part, (12): Inert gas filling part , (13): an annular body having an inverted L-shaped cross section, (14): a flat plate annular body, (15): an annular groove,
(16): Ring space

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】上端部にα−アルミナリング(2)を固着
した有底円筒状の固体電解質管(1)の内側と外側をそ
れぞれ負極室(3)及び正極室(4)とし、負極蓋
(5)の円周部分に形成されて負極の集電を行う円筒部
(7)を前記α−アルミナリング(2)の内周側面上部
に配設し、また前記円筒部(7)に設けたフランジ部
(8)を前記α−アルミナリング(2)の上面に接合し
たナトリウム−硫黄電池において、前記負極室(3)内
には大部分のナトリウムを保持し、かつ前記固体電解質
管(1)の内壁面との間の間隙部(11)にナトリウムを
供給する孔(10)を底部に有するカートリッジ(9)が
挿入され、また前記α−アルミナリング(2)の上面に
は、前記カートリッジ(9)内の不活性ガス充填部(1
2)の最大圧力より高圧力の不活性ガスを充填した環状
空間部(16)が、その一部を前記α−アルミナリング
(2)と前記フランジ部(8)との接合部に臨ませて全
周にわたり形成されていることを特徴とするナトリウム
−硫黄電池。
1. A negative electrode lid (3) and a positive electrode chamber (4) are provided inside and outside a bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte tube (1) having an α-alumina ring (2) fixed to the upper end thereof, respectively. A cylindrical part (7), which is formed in the circumferential part of (5) and collects the negative electrode, is provided on the upper part of the inner peripheral side surface of the α-alumina ring (2), and provided on the cylindrical part (7). In the sodium-sulfur battery in which the flange portion (8) is joined to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring (2), most of the sodium is held in the negative electrode chamber (3) and the solid electrolyte tube (1 ), A cartridge (9) having a hole (10) for supplying sodium at the bottom is inserted into the gap (11) between the inner wall surface and the cartridge, and the cartridge is attached to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring (2). Inert gas filling part (1) in (9)
The annular space portion (16) filled with an inert gas having a pressure higher than the maximum pressure of 2) faces a part of the joint between the α-alumina ring (2) and the flange portion (8). A sodium-sulfur battery characterized by being formed over the entire circumference.
JP1333458A 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 Sodium-sulfur battery Expired - Fee Related JPH0758627B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1333458A JPH0758627B2 (en) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 Sodium-sulfur battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1333458A JPH0758627B2 (en) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 Sodium-sulfur battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03194864A JPH03194864A (en) 1991-08-26
JPH0758627B2 true JPH0758627B2 (en) 1995-06-21

Family

ID=18266308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1333458A Expired - Fee Related JPH0758627B2 (en) 1989-12-22 1989-12-22 Sodium-sulfur battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0758627B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4336236C1 (en) * 1993-10-23 1995-01-05 Abb Patent Gmbh Electrochemical storage cell

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59194366A (en) * 1983-04-16 1984-11-05 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery
JPS609067A (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-18 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Sodium-sulfuric battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03194864A (en) 1991-08-26

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