JPH03203171A - Sodium-sulfur battery - Google Patents

Sodium-sulfur battery

Info

Publication number
JPH03203171A
JPH03203171A JP1341803A JP34180389A JPH03203171A JP H03203171 A JPH03203171 A JP H03203171A JP 1341803 A JP1341803 A JP 1341803A JP 34180389 A JP34180389 A JP 34180389A JP H03203171 A JPH03203171 A JP H03203171A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
wall
safety
tube
sodium
inert gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP1341803A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masanobu Mori
政信 森
Tomonori Ito
友紀 伊藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to JP1341803A priority Critical patent/JPH03203171A/en
Publication of JPH03203171A publication Critical patent/JPH03203171A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H01M10/3909Sodium-sulfur cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase safety by melting the outer wall of a safety tube and releasing an inert gas filled in a safety tube wall inner space when cracks caused by stress is generated in a solid electrolyte tube and sodium is excessively reacted with sulfur in this part and excessive heat is generated. CONSTITUTION:A safety tube 13 is inserted into a space 11 formed between a solid electrolyte tube 1 and a cartridge 9. The safety tube 13 has a double wall of an outer wall 13A and an inner wall 13B, and a cylindrical safety wall inner space 14 is formed there-between, and an inert gas whose pressure is higher than the maximum pressure in an inert gas filling part 12 within the cartridge 9 is filled in the space 14. The safety tube 13 is made of corrosion resistant aluminium or stainless steel, and the thickness of the outer wall 13A is made 50-500mum if aluminium is used and 50-300mum if stainless steel is used, and the inner wall 13B is made thicker than the outer wall 13A. If the outer wall 13A is melted, the inert gas within the space 14 is released and working of the unit cell is stopped.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明はナトリウム−硫黄電池に関し、その目的とする
ところは安全性を向上させることにある(従来の技術) ナトリウム−硫黄電池は負極活物質であるすI・リウム
と正極活物質である硫黄とをβ−アルξす、β゛−アル
ξなどのナトリウムイオン伝導性固体電解質により分離
し、3(11)〜350°Cの高温で作動させる密閉型
高温二次電池である。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a sodium-sulfur battery, the purpose of which is to improve safety (prior art) A sodium-sulfur battery uses a negative electrode active material. It separates the sulfur which is the cathode active material from the sulfur which is the positive electrode active material using a sodium ion conductive solid electrolyte such as β-Alξ or β゛-Alξ, and operates at a high temperature of 3(11) to 350°C. This is a sealed high-temperature secondary battery.

第3図はこのナトリウム−硫黄電池の従来構造を示す図
で、この図において固体電解質管(1)の内側はナトリ
ウムの充填された負極室(3)、外側は硫黄の充填され
た正極室(4)であり、固体電解質管(1)の上方には
α−アルミナリング(2)がガラス半田により接合され
ている。図中の符号(5)は負極蓋で円板部(6)と、
α−アルミナリング(2)の上面に接合されるフランジ
部(8)を設けた円筒部(7)とからなり、その材質は
アルミニウム、あるいはアルミニウム合金である。なお
、フランジ部(8)とα−アルごナリング(2)とはア
ル逅ニウム層を介する熱圧接合や、Al−31系のろう
材を介するろう付接合により固着されている。また、負
極室(3)内に挿入されている図中の符号(9)で示す
部材はステンレス製で大部分のナトリウムを保持してい
るカートリッジであり、電池作動時にはナトリウムはカ
ートリッジ(9)内に充填されている不活性ガス(12
:たとえばN2ガス、やArガス)の圧力によりカート
リッジ底部の孔0[Dを通って固体電解質管(1)とカ
ートリッジ(9)との間に形成される間隙部(11)に
供給される。即ち、不活性ガス充填部(121の最大圧
力を0.5気圧程度とし電池製造時に負極蓋(5)を真
空中で取り付けて負極室(3)の密封を行えば、ナトリ
ウムの間隙部(10への供給が良好に行える。そして、
負極の集電は蓋(5)の円筒部(7)の下端が間隙部0
1)のナトリウムと接触することで行なわれている。
Figure 3 shows the conventional structure of this sodium-sulfur battery. In this figure, the inside of the solid electrolyte tube (1) is the negative electrode chamber (3) filled with sodium, and the outside is the positive electrode chamber (3) filled with sulfur. 4), an α-alumina ring (2) is bonded above the solid electrolyte tube (1) with glass solder. The symbol (5) in the figure is the negative electrode lid, and the disc part (6) and
It consists of a cylindrical part (7) provided with a flange part (8) that is joined to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring (2), and the material thereof is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The flange portion (8) and the α-argonal ring (2) are fixed by thermopressure bonding via an aluminum layer or brazing bonding via an Al-31 brazing filler metal. In addition, the member indicated by the symbol (9) in the figure inserted into the negative electrode chamber (3) is a cartridge made of stainless steel that holds most of the sodium, and when the battery is operated, sodium is stored inside the cartridge (9). Inert gas (12
:For example, N2 gas or Ar gas) is supplied to the gap (11) formed between the solid electrolyte tube (1) and the cartridge (9) through the hole 0[D at the bottom of the cartridge. That is, if the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling part (121) is about 0.5 atm and the negative electrode cover (5) is attached in vacuum during battery manufacture to seal the negative electrode chamber (3), the sodium gap (10 can be well supplied.And,
For current collection of the negative electrode, the lower end of the cylindrical part (7) of the lid (5) is the gap 0.
1) is carried out by contacting with sodium.

(発明が解決しようとする課題) ナトリウム−硫黄電池は高温で作動するタイプの電池で
あり、始動、停止による熱変化が大きくかつ、電池の充
放電時にはナトリウムイオンが固体電解質内を移動する
ため、とくに固体電解質管に熱応力やナトリウムイオン
の通過によるひずみがかかり、クラックを発生しやすい
(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Sodium-sulfur batteries are a type of battery that operates at high temperatures and undergo large thermal changes due to starting and stopping, and sodium ions move within the solid electrolyte when charging and discharging the battery. In particular, solid electrolyte tubes are susceptible to cracks due to thermal stress and strain caused by passage of sodium ions.

そして第3図に示す従来例では固体電解質管(1)にク
ランクが発生し、その部分で過剰なナトリウムと硫黄の
反応が起こって異常に過熱しても集電部材として機能す
る!(5)の円筒部(7)にナトリウムが接触している
限り電池の作動が停止されないので大電流が流れ続け、
さらにクランクが拡大、異常な過熱といった危険な事態
に陥る可能性があり、安全性の面で問題を有している。
In the conventional example shown in Fig. 3, a crank occurs in the solid electrolyte tube (1), and even if excessive sodium and sulfur react in that part and it becomes abnormally heated, it still functions as a current collector! As long as sodium is in contact with the cylindrical part (7) of (5), the operation of the battery will not be stopped, so a large current will continue to flow.
Furthermore, there is a risk of the crank expanding and causing abnormal overheating, which poses a safety problem.

(課題を解決するための手段) 本発明は上記の点に鑑み、ナトリウム−硫黄電池の安全
性を向上すべくなされたもので、上端部にα−アルミナ
リングを固着した有底円筒状の固体電解質管の内側と外
側をそれぞれ負極室及び正極室とし、負極蓋の円周部分
に形成されて負極の集電を行う円筒部を前記α−アルミ
ナリングの内周側面上部に配設し、また前記円筒部に設
けたフランジ部を前記α−アルミナリングの上面に接合
したナトリウム−硫黄電池において、前記負極室内には
大部分のナトリウムを保持し、かつ前記固体電解質管の
内壁面との間の間隙部にナトリウムを供給する孔を底部
に有するカートリッジが挿入され、また前記間隙部内に
は少なくとも円筒側面部が安全管外壁と安全管内壁の二
重壁からなりその内部に前記カートリッジ内の不活性ガ
ス充填部の最大圧力よりも高圧の不活性ガスを充填した
安全管壁内空間041を形成し、かつ前記安全管外壁及
び安全管内壁のうち少なくとも安全管外壁が電池の異常
加熱により溶融する金属部材である安全管が挿入されて
いることを特徴とするものである。
(Means for Solving the Problems) In view of the above points, the present invention has been made to improve the safety of sodium-sulfur batteries. The inside and outside of the electrolyte tube are respectively designated as a negative electrode chamber and a positive electrode chamber, and a cylindrical part formed in the circumferential portion of the negative electrode lid to collect current from the negative electrode is disposed at the upper part of the inner peripheral side of the α-alumina ring, and In a sodium-sulfur battery in which a flange portion provided on the cylindrical portion is bonded to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring, most of the sodium is retained in the negative electrode chamber, and there is a gap between the flange portion and the inner wall surface of the solid electrolyte tube. A cartridge having a hole at the bottom for supplying sodium into the gap is inserted, and in the gap, at least the cylindrical side part is made up of a double wall of an outer wall of the safety tube and an inner wall of the safety tube, and the inert inside of the cartridge is inserted into the gap. A metal forming a safety tube wall inner space 041 filled with an inert gas at a pressure higher than the maximum pressure of the gas filling part, and at least the safety tube outer wall of the safety tube outer wall and the safety tube inner wall melts due to abnormal heating of the battery. It is characterized by the fact that a safety tube, which is a member, is inserted.

(実施例) 以下、本発明を図示のナトリウム−硫黄電池を実施例と
して詳細に説明する。
(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by using the illustrated sodium-sulfur battery as an example.

第1図は本発明のナトリウム−硫黄電池の要部断面図、
第2図は第1図の要部拡大図で第3図と同一部材は同一
符号で示されている。この第1図、及び第2図において
固体電解質管(1)とカートリッジ(9)との間の間隙
部(11)に挿入されている図中の符号QEIで示す部
材は安全管であり、安全管外壁(13^)と安全管内壁
(13B) との二重壁を有し、その二重壁の内部には
カートリッジ(9)内の不活性ガス充填部(121の最
大圧力よりも高圧の不活性ガスが充填された筒状の安全
管壁内空間04が形成されている。例えば不活性ガス充
填部(121の最大圧力が0.5気圧程度であれば安全
管壁内空間041内の圧力は1気圧程度とすると良い。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the main parts of the sodium-sulfur battery of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the main parts of FIG. 1, and the same members as in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the member indicated by the symbol QEI inserted into the gap (11) between the solid electrolyte tube (1) and the cartridge (9) is a safety tube. It has a double wall consisting of an outer pipe wall (13^) and an inner safety pipe wall (13B), and inside the double wall there is a pressure higher than the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling part (121) in the cartridge (9). A cylindrical safety tube wall space 04 filled with inert gas is formed.For example, if the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling part (121) is about 0.5 atm, the safety tube wall space 041 is filled with inert gas. The pressure is preferably about 1 atmosphere.

また、安全管03)の材質はアルミニウムやステンレス
など、耐食性に優れた金属で本実施例では安全管外壁(
13A)は肉厚50〜5(11) μのアル逅ニウム又
は肉厚50〜3(11) μのステンレスからなり、一
方安全管内壁(13B)は安全管外壁(13^)よりも
大きい肉厚のアルミニウム又はステンレスを用いている
。なお、安全管09の下方に図中の符号(13C)で示
す部分はアルミニウム繊維やステンレス繊維などを圧縮
してカートリッジ(9)の底面及び固体電解質管(1)
の形状にあわせて適宜成型した部材で、その多孔性によ
りカートリッジ(9)底面の孔0ωからのナトリウムの
供給を良好にするとともに電池の製造時や運搬時、作動
時などにカートリッジ(9)の衝撃をうけて固体電解質
管(1)が破損するのを防ぐ緩衝体としての役割も果た
す。ただし、この部材(13C)は必ずしも設ける必要
はなく、例えばカートリッジ(9)の底部を固体電解質
管(1)の底部と略同−形状として安全管αつを固体電
解質管(1)の内表面全体に不活性ガスの充填された安
全管壁内空間04)を有する形状としてもよい。
In addition, the material of the safety tube 03) is a metal with excellent corrosion resistance, such as aluminum or stainless steel, and in this example, the material of the safety tube outer wall (
13A) is made of aluminum with a wall thickness of 50 to 5 (11) μ or stainless steel with a wall thickness of 50 to 3 (11) μ, while the inner wall of the safety tube (13B) is made of aluminum that is larger than the outer wall of the safety tube (13^). Uses thick aluminum or stainless steel. In addition, the part indicated by the symbol (13C) in the figure below the safety tube 09 is made by compressing aluminum fibers, stainless steel fibers, etc. to the bottom of the cartridge (9) and the solid electrolyte tube (1).
It is a member molded appropriately according to the shape of the cartridge (9), and its porosity makes it possible to improve the supply of sodium from the hole 0ω on the bottom of the cartridge (9), as well as to prevent the cartridge (9) from being damaged during battery manufacture, transportation, operation, etc. It also serves as a buffer to prevent the solid electrolyte tube (1) from being damaged by impact. However, this member (13C) does not necessarily need to be provided; for example, the bottom of the cartridge (9) may be shaped approximately the same as the bottom of the solid electrolyte tube (1), and one safety tube may be placed on the inner surface of the solid electrolyte tube (1). It may also have a shape having a safety pipe wall inner space 04) filled with an inert gas throughout.

(作用及び効果) このように構成されたものは、電池作動時の熱サイクル
やナトリウムイオンの移動により固体電解質管(1)に
ひずみがかかってクランクが発生し、その部分でナトリ
ウムと硫黄の過剰反応が進んで異常な過熱が起こると安
全管外管(13A)が溶融し、安全管壁内空間041に
充填されている不活性ガスが放出される。そして、その
不活性ガスが間隙部01)の上方に溜り、間隙部(11
)内のナトリウムを下方に押し、ナトリウム液面が負極
の集電を行っている円筒部(7)の下端部よりも下がっ
て接触が絶たれると電池の作動は止まり、電流が流れな
くなるので、それ以上に破損が広がらず、また異常な過
熱を抑制でき危険が回避できる。
(Function and Effect) In a device configured in this way, strain is applied to the solid electrolyte tube (1) due to the heat cycle during battery operation and the movement of sodium ions, causing a crank, which causes excess sodium and sulfur to form in that part. When the reaction progresses and abnormal overheating occurs, the safety outer tube (13A) melts and the inert gas filled in the safety tube wall inner space 041 is released. Then, the inert gas accumulates above the gap 01), and the inert gas accumulates above the gap 01.
) is pushed downward, and when the sodium liquid level falls below the lower end of the cylindrical part (7) that collects current from the negative electrode and the contact is broken, the battery stops operating and current no longer flows. Damage will not spread further, and abnormal overheating can be suppressed to avoid danger.

以上に説明したとおり、本発明のものは従来の問題点を
一掃したナトリウム−硫黄電池として、産業の発展に寄
与するところは極めて大である。
As explained above, the present invention greatly contributes to the development of industry as a sodium-sulfur battery that eliminates the conventional problems.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明の実施例を示す要部断面図、第2図は第
1図の要部拡大図、第3図は従来例を示す図である。 (1):固体電解質管、(2):α−アルaナリング、
(3):負極室、(4):正極室、(5):負極蓋、(
7):円筒部、(8):フランジ部、(9):カートリ
ッジ、(11)):孔、(11) :間隙部、(12)
:不活性ガス充填部、03):安全管、(13A)  
:安全管外壁、(13B)  j安全管内壁、Q4) 
:安全管壁内空間。 11Δ 11B 特開平3 203171 (4)
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a conventional example. (1): Solid electrolyte tube, (2): α-aluminum ring,
(3): Negative electrode chamber, (4): Positive electrode chamber, (5): Negative electrode lid, (
7): Cylindrical part, (8): Flange part, (9): Cartridge, (11)): Hole, (11): Gap part, (12)
:Inert gas filling part, 03) :Safety pipe, (13A)
: Safety pipe outer wall, (13B) j Safety pipe inner wall, Q4)
: Space inside the safety tube wall. 11Δ 11B JP-A-3 203171 (4)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 上端部にα−アルミナリング(2)を固着した有底円筒
状の固体電解質管(1)の内側と外側をそれぞれ負極室
(3)及び正極室(4)とし、負極蓋(5)の円周部分
に形成されて負極の集電を行う円筒部(7)を前記α−
アルミナリング(2)の内周側面上部に配設し、また前
記円筒部(7)に設けたフランジ部(8)を前記α−ア
ルミナリング(2)の上面に接合したナトリウム−硫黄
電池において、前記負極室(3)内には大部分のナトリ
ウムを保持し、かつ前記固体電解質管(1)の内壁面と
の間の間隙部(11)にナトリウムを供給する孔(10
)を底部に有するカートリッジ(9)が挿入され、また
前記間隙部(11)内には少なくとも円筒側面部が安全
管外壁(13A)と安全管内壁(13B)の二重壁から
なりその内部に前記カートリッジ(9)内の不活性ガス
充填部(12)の最大圧力よりも高圧の不活性ガスを充
填した安全管壁内空間(14)を形成し、かつ前記安全
管外壁(13A)及び安全管内壁(13B)のうち少な
くとも安全管外壁(13A)が電池の異常加熱により溶
融する金属部材である安全管(13)が挿入されている
ことを特徴とするナトリウム−硫黄電池。
The inside and outside of a bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte tube (1) with an α-alumina ring (2) fixed to its upper end are used as a negative electrode chamber (3) and a positive electrode chamber (4), respectively, and the circle of the negative electrode lid (5) is The cylindrical part (7) formed on the circumference and collecting current from the negative electrode is connected to the α-
In a sodium-sulfur battery in which the flange portion (8) provided on the cylindrical portion (7) is bonded to the upper surface of the α-alumina ring (2), The negative electrode chamber (3) contains a hole (10) that holds most of the sodium and supplies sodium to the gap (11) between the solid electrolyte tube (1) and the inner wall surface of the solid electrolyte tube (1).
) is inserted into the gap (11), and at least the cylindrical side surface is made up of a double wall of a safety tube outer wall (13A) and a safety tube inner wall (13B), and inside thereof, a cartridge (9) is inserted. A safety tube wall inner space (14) filled with an inert gas having a pressure higher than the maximum pressure of the inert gas filling part (12) in the cartridge (9) is formed, and the safety tube outer wall (13A) and the safety A sodium-sulfur battery characterized in that a safety tube (13) is inserted into which at least the safety tube outer wall (13A) of the tube inner wall (13B) is a metal member that melts due to abnormal heating of the battery.
JP1341803A 1989-12-29 1989-12-29 Sodium-sulfur battery Pending JPH03203171A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1341803A JPH03203171A (en) 1989-12-29 1989-12-29 Sodium-sulfur battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1341803A JPH03203171A (en) 1989-12-29 1989-12-29 Sodium-sulfur battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03203171A true JPH03203171A (en) 1991-09-04

Family

ID=18348882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1341803A Pending JPH03203171A (en) 1989-12-29 1989-12-29 Sodium-sulfur battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH03203171A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05283101A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-29 Ngk Insulators Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery
KR960002926A (en) * 1994-06-09 1996-01-26 조규향 Core tube for sodium-sulfur battery or sodium / nickel chloride battery and its manufacturing method
KR960002923A (en) * 1994-06-08 1996-01-26 조규향 Core tube for sodium-sulfur battery or sodium-nickel chloride battery and its manufacturing method
US8263243B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2012-09-11 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Lithium secondary battery

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59146170A (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-21 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery
JPS59194366A (en) * 1983-04-16 1984-11-05 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59146170A (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-21 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery
JPS59194366A (en) * 1983-04-16 1984-11-05 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05283101A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-29 Ngk Insulators Ltd Sodium-sulfur battery
KR960002923A (en) * 1994-06-08 1996-01-26 조규향 Core tube for sodium-sulfur battery or sodium-nickel chloride battery and its manufacturing method
KR960002926A (en) * 1994-06-09 1996-01-26 조규향 Core tube for sodium-sulfur battery or sodium / nickel chloride battery and its manufacturing method
US8263243B2 (en) 2005-07-29 2012-09-11 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Lithium secondary battery

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